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Annual Colorado River Water Allocation
Upper basin: Colorado - 3.80 million acre-feetWyoming - 1.72Utah - 1.13 New Mexico - 0.85
Subtotal: 7.50Lower basin:
California - 4.4 (currently using 5.2)Arizona - 2.8Nevada - 0.3
Subtotal: 7.50 México - 1.5
GRAND TOTAL ~ 17.5 million acre-feet!!!!!!!!
San Diego’s Current Water Supplies
~60-85% from the Colorado RiverLas Vegas dumps 58 billion gallons of treated
sewage water into Lake MeadFlows into Colorado River17% of river’s flow is discharge
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (State Water Source)> 300 farmers and cities are permitted to discharge
their treated and untreated runoff into rivers10% of the rivers’ flow is discharge
Where does wastewater go for most places?
Most communities don’t flush waste into ocean Treated and recycled back to water source
Example: Las Vegas
http://www.rdn.bc.ca/cms/wpimages/wpID1164imgID1092.gif
Are Water Sources Safe?
Colorado River known to have risks in the past:Contamination with pesticidesAmmonium Perchlorate (toxic rocket fuel)Heavy metalsPathogens such as Giardia
People are much more accepting of “natural” water sources such as the Colorado River even
if those sources include wastewater
What does this mean?
Councilwoman Donna Frye:Much of what is imported into the city is
already tainted with treated or recycled wastewater
"The citizens of San Diego are, in fact, drinking treated wastewater. It's something that is happening now."
San Diego Water Usage
http://www.ci.oceanside.ca.us/images/graph1.gif http://www.ci.oceanside.ca.us/images/graph2.gif
What is Toilet to Tap? Toilet to Tap refers to the recycling of wastewater for reuse as
potable water
“Water repurification” became “toilet to tap”
Name given to the 1999 City Council referendumVoters rejectedResurfacing again since 2005
Reliable LOCAL source for alternate water resources
Offers opportunity for LONG-TERM sustainability
Can Science Handle the Load?
From a scientific standpoint there is no doubt that any recycled wastewater will go above and beyond the prevailing standards of purity
The problem is who wants to listen to science when disgust is involved?
Toilet to Tap Process
Reverse osmosis Micro-filtration Ultraviolet light Hydrogen peroxide Natural filtration
Water delivered will be so clean that minerals must be added back
Mix highly treated wastewater with “raw” river water in the San Vicente Reservoir
Treat again before piping into homes
Reservoirs are a less cumbersome approach
Reservoir augmentationrequire expansion of a treatment plant and
laying a pipeline to the reservoir
Recycling wastewater for highway medians and golf courses rely on an expensive system of pipes to carry
nonpotable drinking water
Current Water Recycling
Projects produce 4.1 billion gallons of water in San Diego County, less than 2 percent of all the water used each year
Goal: create projects that will produce 14.7 billion more gallons of recycled water by 2030
San Diego and Orange County
• SAN DIEGO WATER DEPARTMENT
• Water customers served: 1.2 million.
• Proposed project's annual volume: 10,500 acre-feet.
• Recycled water storage: San Vicente Reservoir.
• Water treatment technologies: Microfiltration, reverse osmosis, UV and hydrogen-peroxide disinfection.
• Cost: $210 million. • Status: under review by a city
committee.
• ORANGE COUNTY WATER DISTRICT
• Water customers served: 2.3 million.
• Project's annual volume: 72,000 acre-feet.
• Recycled water storage: Orange County aquifer.
• Water treatment technologies: Microfiltration, reverse osmosis, UV and hydrogen-peroxide disinfection.
• Cost: $487 million. • Status: scheduled for 2007
completion.
Why did it work there and not here?
1999: San Diego halted its first repurification project after public outcry
“Toilet to Tap” made national headlinesObjections:
Health, safety, and operational concernsLower-income neighborhoods in the
southern part of the city would become guinea pigs for untested technology
Communication is key
Orange County honored for having the nation’s best public-outreach program:Backing from > 400 OC organizations and
leadersTeacher unions, hospitals, Surfrider Foundation,
Boeing, Auxiliary Bishop Jamie Soto
Face-to-face meetings with influential residents
A Global Issue
Southwestern USAustraliaSingaporeEurope
Anywhere population is growing with a finite supply of potable water
My Recommendations
Educate the masses Rename the referendum and project
“toilet to tap” and “sewer to showers” not positive
Water conservation effortsRainwater collectionsStart using as a preventative effort, not as a last
resort
Conclusion
Population in the future will increaseDrinkable water is a finite resourceReclamation projects can be some of the most
affordable and reliable options for long-term sustainability
Is it better to drink recycled water or not have any water to drink?
THIS MIGHT BE A CHOICE SAN DIEGIANS HAVE TO MAKE SOONER THEN LATER!!!
Sources http://www.sdcwa.org http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050912/news_1n12water.html http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20050712-9999-1n12water.html http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20070309/news_lz1e9bird.html http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2000/108-10/forum.html http://www.poopreport.com/BMnewswire/toilet_to_tap.html http://www.tucsonweekly.com/gbase/Currents/Content?oid=oid:76253 http://geologia.cicese.mx/RCdelta/background_eng.htm http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/9587556/detail.html http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2006/07/27/news/sandiego/0_39_037_27_06.txt http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2005/09/23/news/top_stories/
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