Top CCNA Questions

7/25/2019 Top CCNA Questions

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Top 100 CCNA Questions

1) What is Routing?

Routing is the process of finding a path on which data can pass from source to

destination. Routing is done b a de!ice ca""ed routers# which are networ$ "aer de!ices.

%) What is the purpose of the &ata 'in$?

The (ob of the &ata 'in$ "aer is to chec$ messages are sent to the right de!ice. Anotherfunction of this "aer is framing.

) What is the $e ad!antage of using switches?

When a switch recei!es a signa"# it creates a frame out of the bits that was e*tractedfrom that signa". With this process# it gains access and reads the destination address#

after which it forwards that frame to the appropriate port. This is a !er efficient meansof data transmission# instead of broadcasting it on a"" ports.

+) When does networ$ congestion occur?

Networ$ congestion occurs when too man users are tring to use the same bandwidth.This is especia"" true in big networ$s that do not resort to networ$ segmentation.

,) What are three tpes of 'AN traffic?

Ans. -nicasts intended for one host.

/roadcasts intended for e!erone.u"ticasts intended for a on" a subset or group within an entire networ$.

) What are unicast frames?

Ans. -nicast frames are the most common tpe of networ$ traffic. A unicast frame is aframe intended for on" one host. The on" station that processes this frame is onestation that has its own AC address in the destination portion of pac$et.

2) 3ow do ou enab"e 45R6 on a Cisco router?

Ans. The wa ou enab"e 45R6 on a Cisco router is simi"ar to the wa ou enab"e R46#e*cept ou specif 45R6 as the protoco" and add an autonomous sstem number. 7ore*amp"e8RouterA9config): router igrp 10 910 is the A; number)RouterA9configrouter): networ$ 1


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=) What is 4nterior 5atewa Routing 6rotoco"945R6)?

Ans. 45R6 is a Cisco proprietar distance !ector routing protoco". 45R6 has a defau"thop count of 100 hops# with a ma*imum hop count of %,,. 45R6 uses bandwidth and"ine de"a as its defau"t metric# but it can a"so use re"iabi"it# "oad# and T-.


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1) What is /oot6?

/oot6 is a protoco" that is used to boot dis$"ess wor$stations that are connected to thenetwor$. 4t is short for /oot 6rogram. &is$"ess wor$stations a"so use /oot6 in order to

determine its own 46 address as we"" as the 46 address of the ser!er 6C.

12) What is the function of the App"ication 'aer in networ$ing?

The App"ication 'aer supports the communication components of an app"ication andpro!ides networ$ ser!ices to app"ication processes that span beond the @;4 referencemode" specifications. 4t a"so snchonies app"ications on the ser!er and c"ient.

1=) What is the ;panningTree 6rotoco" 9;T6)?

Ans. ;T6 is a "ooppre!ention bridgetobridge protoco". 4ts main purpose is to

dnamica"" maintain a "oopfree networ$. 4t does this b sending out /ridge 6rotoco"&ata -nits 9/6&-s)# disco!ering an "oops in the topo"og# and b"oc$ing one or moreredundant "in$s.

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Ans. When a switch starts# a"" ports are in the b"oc$ing state. This is to pre!ent an"oops in the networ$. 4f there is a better path to the root bridge# the port remains in theb"oc$ed state. 6orts in the b"oc$ed state cannot send or recei!e traffic# but the canrecei!e /6&-s.

%,) &ifferentiate -ser ode from 6ri!i"eged ode

-ser ode is used for regu"ar tas$ when using a C4;C@ router# such as to !iew ssteminformation# connecting to remote de!ices# and chec$ing the status of the router. @n theother hand# pri!i"eged mode inc"udes a"" options that are a!ai"ab"e for -ser ode# p"usmore. Eou can use this mode in order to ma$e configurations on the router# inc"udingma$ing tests and debugging.

%) What is 100/ase7F?

This is Gthernet that ma$es use of fiber optic cab"e as the main transmission medium.

The 100 stands for 100bps# which is the data speed.

%2) &ifferentiate fu""dup"e* from ha"fdup"e*.

4n fu""dup"e*# both the transmitting de!ice and the recei!ing de!ice can communicatesimu"taneous"# that is# both can be transmitting and recei!ing at the same time. 4n thecase of ha"fdup"e*# a de!ice cannot recei!e whi"e it is transmitting# and !ice !ersa.

%=) What is T-?

T- stands for a*imum Transmission -nit. 4t refers to the ma*imum pac$et sie that

can be sent out onto the data "ine without the need to fragment it.

%


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%) What is a 7rame Re"a?

7rame Re"a is a WAN protoco" that pro!ides connectionoriented communication bcreating and maintaining !irtua" circuits. 4t has a high performance rating and operatesat the &ata 'in$ and 6hsica" 'aers.

) 3ow do ou configure a Cisco router to route 46F?

The initia" thing to do is to enab"e 46F routing b using the Hip* routingI command. Gachinterface that is used in the 46F networ$ is then configured with a networ$ number andencapsu"ation method.

+) What are the different 46F access "ists?

There are two access "ists8 ;tandard and G*tended. ;tandard Access 'ist can on" fi"terthe source or destination 46 address. An G*tended Access 'ist uses the source and

destination 46 addresses# port# soc$et and protoco" when fi"tering a networ$.

,) G*p"ain the benefits of 'ANs.

'ANs a""ow the creation of co""ision domains b groups other than (ust phsica""ocation. -sing 'ANs# it is possib"e to estab"ish networ$s b different means# such asb function# tpe of hardware# protoco"# among others. This is a big ad!antage whencompared to con!entiona" 'ANs wherein co""ision domains are a"was tied to phsica""ocation.

) What is subnetting?

;ubnetting is the process of creating sma""er networ$s from a big parent networ$. /einga part of a networ$# each subnet is assigned some additiona" parameters or identifier toindicate its subnet number.

2) What is the ;T6 "istening state?

Ans. 6orts transition from a b"oc$ed state to a "istening state. 4n this state# no user datais passed. The port on" "istens for /6&-s. After "istening for 1, seconds 9if the bridgedoes not find a better path)# the port mo!es to the ne*t state# the "earning state.

=) What is the ;T6 "earning state?

Ans. 4n the ;T6 "earning state# no user data is being passed. The port Juiet" bui"ds itsbridging tab"e. The defau"t time in the "earning state is 1, seconds.


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Ans. After the defau"t time in the "earning state is up# the port mo!es to the forwardingstate. 4n the forwarding state# the port sends and recei!es data.

+0) What is ;T6 forward de"a?

Ans. The forward de"a is the time it ta$es for a port to mo!e from the "istening state tothe "earning state or from the "earning state to the forwarding state. The defau"t time is0 seconds.

+1) What is the he""o time in ;T6 timers?

Ans. The he""o time is the time inter!a" between the sending of /6&-s. The defau"t timeis % seconds.

+%) What is the a* Age timer?

Ans.The a* Age timer is how "ong a bridge stores a /6&- before discarding it. Thedefau"t time is %0 seconds 9ten missed he""o inter!a"s).

+) What is the defau"t time a port ta$es to transition from the b"oc$ing state to theforwarding state?

Ans.The defau"t time a port ta$es to transition from the b"oc$ing state to the forwardingstate is ,0 seconds8 %0 seconds for a* Age# 1, seconds for "istening# and 1, secondsfor "earning.

++) What are the ad!antages of a "aered mode" in the networ$ing industr?

A "aered networ$ offers man ad!antages. 4t a""ows administrators to ma$e changes inone "aer without the need to ma$e changes in the other "aers. ;pecia"iation isencouraged# a""owing the networ$ industr to ma$e progress faster. A "aered mode"a"so "ets administrators troub"eshoot prob"ems more efficient".

+,) Wh is -&6 "ease fa!ored when compared to TC6?

4tKs because -&6 is unre"iab"e and unseJuenced. 4t is not capab"e of estab"ishing !irtua"circuits and ac$now"edgements.

+) What are some standards supported b the 6resentation "aer?

6resentation "aer supports man standards# which ensures that data is presentedcorrect". These inc"ude 64CT# T477 and L6G5 for graphics# 4&4# 6G5 andQuic$Time for ideoAudio.

+2) WhatKs the simp"est wa to remote" configure a router?
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4n cases when ou need to configure a router remote"# the most con!enient is to usethe Cisco Auto4nsta"" 6rocedure. 3owe!er# the router must be connected to the WAN or'AN through one of the interfaces.

+=) What does the show protoco" disp"a?

B routed protoco"s that is configured on the routerB the address assigned on each interfaceB the encapsu"ation method that was configured on each interface

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6ac$ets are the resu"ts of data encapsu"ation. These are data that has been wrappedunder the different protoco"s of the @;4 "aers. 6ac$ets are a"so referred to asdatagrams.

,) What are segments?

;egments are sections of a data stream that comes from the upper @;4 "aers andread for transmission towards the networ$. ;egments are the "ogic units at theTransport 'aer.

,2) 5i!e some benefits of 'AN switching.

B a""ows fu"" dup"e* data transmission and receptionB media rate adaptionB eas and efficient migration

,=) What is Route 6oisoning?

Route 6oisoning is the process of inserting a tab"e entr of 1 to a route# ma$ing itunreachab"e. This techniJue is used in order to pre!ent prob"ems caused binconsistent updates on a route.

,


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Ans. ;nchronous "in$s ha!e identica" freJuencies and contain indi!idua" charactersencapsu"ated in contro" bits# ca""ed startstop bits that designate the beginning and endof each character. ;nchronous "in$s tr to use the same speed as the other end of aseria" "in$.

+) What are Asnchronous "in$s?

Ans. Asnchronous "in$s send digita" signa"s without timing. Asnchronous "in$s agreeon the same speed# but there is no chec$ or ad(ustment of the rates if the are s"ight"different. @n" 1 bte per transfer is sent.

,) What are the three "aers of the Cisco 3ierarchica" ode"?

Ans. The three "aers of the Cisco 3ierarchica" ode" are8 1the access "aer

The distribution "aerThe core "aer

) 3ow do ou enab"e 45R6 on a Cisco router?

Ans. The wa ou enab"e 45R6 on a Cisco router is simi"ar to the wa ou enab"e R46#e*cept ou specif 45R6 as the protoco" and add an autonomous sstem number. 7ore*amp"e8RouterA9config): router igrp 10 910 is the A; number)RouterA9configrouter): networ$ 1


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3ostname8 /ranch 3ostname8 Remote63: 1%000# 1%001 63: 1%=000# 1%=001;64&18 %0,,,1%0001 ;64&18 %0,,,1%=0001;64&%8 %0,,,1%000% ;64&%8 %0,,,1%=000%isdn switchtpe basic ni

username Remote password ciscointerface bri0ip address 10.1.1.1 %,,.%,,.%,,.0encapsu"ation pppppp authentication chapisdn spid1 +10,,,1%0001isdn spid% +10,,,1%000%dia"er map ip 10.1.1.% name Remote 1%=001dia"er"ist 1 protoco" ip permit

Correct Answer8 9configif): dia"ergroup 1

22) When configuring a router uti"iing both phsica" and "ogica" interfaces# what factormust be considered in determining the @;67 router 4&?

A. The highest 46 address of an phsica" interface./. The "owest 46 address of an "ogica" interface.C. The midd"e 46 address of an "ogica" interface..&. The "owest 46 address of an phsica" interface.G. The highest 46 address of an interface.7. The highest 46 address of an "ogica" interface.5. The "owest 46 address of an interface.

Correct Answer8 A. The highest 46 address of an phsica" interface.

2=) ention what is the sie of 46 address?

;ie of 46 address is % bit for 46!+ and 1%= bit for 46!.

2


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&3C6 stands for &namic 3ost Configuration 6rotoco". &3C6 assigns an 46 addressautomatica"" to a gi!en wor$station c"ient. Eou can a"so ma$e static 46; for machines"i$e printers# ser!ers# routers and scanners.

=1) ention what is /@@T6?

/@@T6 is a computer networ$ing protoco" used to dep"o an 46 address to networ$de!ices from a configuration ser!er.

=%) G*p"ain wh is -&6 "ease fa!ored when compared to TC6?

4t is because -&6 is unseJuenced and unre"iab"e. 4t is not capab"e of creating !irtua"circuits and ac$now"edgments

=) ention what is the difference between dnamic 46 and static 46 addressing?

&namica"" 46 addresses are pro!ided b &3C6 ser!er and static 46 address are gi!enmanua"".

=+) ention what are the ranges for the pri!ate 46;?

Ranges for pri!ate 46; are

C"ass A8 10.0.0.0 B 10.0.0.%,,C"ass /8 12%.1.0.0 B 12%.1.0.0C"ass C8 1 it is a routingprotoco" designed b Cisco ;stems. 4t is a!ai"ed on arouter to share routes withother routers within the same autonomous sstem. -n"i$eother routers "i$e R46#G45R6 on" sends incrementa" updates# decreasing the wor$"oadon the router and the amount of data that needs to be transferred.

=2) ention what is the matric of G45R6 protoco"?

G45R6 protoco" consists of
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/andwidth'oad&e"aRe"iabi"itT-

a*imum Transmission -nit==) ention what does the c"oc$ rate do?

C"oc$rate enab"es the routers or &CG eJuipment to communicate proper".

=


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4n the case of R46 tab"e entr 1 hops wi"" be assigned to dead or in!a"id route ma$ing itunreachab"e.


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T-a*imum Transmission -nit

CCNA Questions 6art 9 Questions 101,0)

10.What is the administrati!e distance used for in static routes?

A8 To rate the sourceKs trustworthiness

102.;tatic routes are used for which of the fo""owing?A8 &efining a path to an 46 destination networ$.

/ui"ding routing tab"es to remote networ$s.

10=.What is the command snta* to set a gatewa of "ast resort in our Cisco router?

A8 ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Ogatewa addressP
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10


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A8 interface

1%0.When creating a static route# what is the gatewa parameter used for?

A8 &efining the ne*t hop.

1%1.What is true when creating static routes?

A8 5atewa is reJuired# the administrati!e distance is optiona".

1%%.When "oo$ing at a routing tab"e# what does the HCI identifier mean?

A8 &irect" Connected

1%.Which command enab"es direct" connected networ$ 1


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A8 router igrp 101

networ$ 1


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1+%.What is the defau"t administrati!e distance for 45R6?

A8 100

1+.Eou (ust recei!ed an output that states the C&6 ho"d time# hardware# port 4 and

"oca" interface

of a remote router. What was the command did ou enter?

A8 show cdp neighbor

1++.WhatKs the defau"t C&6 ho"d time?

A8 1=0 seconds

1+,.WhatDs the defau"t C&6 update broadcast rate?

A8 0 seconds

1+.What frame tpe does C&6 use to gather information about its direct" connected

neighbors?

A8 ;NA6

1+2.Which command can ou tpe to !iew the hostnames configured in our router

9Choose two)?

A8 show hosts

sh host

1+=.3ow wou"d ou configure it so ou cou"d tpe in the hostname HRandI instead of

the 46 address

to access the remote router named Rand?

A8 Router9config): ip host rand OipaddressP

1+


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+1. 3ow do ou change the Gnab"e ;ecret password to CCNA?

A8 Router9config): enab"e secret CCNA

+%. 3ow man access"ists are possib"e on an interface per protoco"?

A8 There can be on" one access "ist for in and one for out on each interface per

protoco".

+. What happens to a pac$et which is not permitted in the access "ist?

A8 There is an imp"icit den an at the end of an access "ist. ;o if the pac$et is not

e*p"icit" permitted#

it wi"" be dropped.

++. Which command is used to !iew what access"ists are on seria"0 interface?

A8 show interface seria"0

+,. Which show interface seria" 1 status statement indicates that the shutdown

command has been

issued?

A8 ;eria" 1 is administrati!e" down# the "ine protoco" is down.

+. What are the access"ist ranges for 46 9standard and e*tended)?

A8 1


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,1. Eou ha!e networ$ 1+,.100.0.0 with a subnet mas$ of %,,.%,,.%+=.0. 4f an access

"ist is app"ied to

address 1+,.100.=.0 with a wi"dcard mas$ of 0.0.2.%,,# what address range wi"" it fi"ter?

A8 Lust the 1+,.100.=.0 subnet

,%. What are the % steps used to configure and access "ist?

A8 &efine the "ist using access"ist command.

Gnab"e an interface using the accessgroup command.

,. What does the ip* ma*imum paths command do?

A8 A""ows ou to forward 46F pac$ets o!er mu"tip"e paths to impro!e "oad sharing.

,+. Which of the fo""owing protoco"s are used to get an 46 address from a $nown AC

address?

A8 RAR6 B Re!erse Address Reso"ution 6rotoco".

,,. Eou ha!e an 46 address of 1,.,0..%2 and a subnet mas$ of %,,.%,,.%,,.1%=.

What is the c"ass#

how man bits are being subnetted# and what is the broadcast address?

A8 C"ass /# < bits# 1,.,0..1%2

,. 3ow do ou disp"a the ip* routing updates in or out between routers?

A8 sh ip* traffic

,2. 3ow do ou enab"e 46F on a router?A8 ip* routing# int e0# 46F networ$ 222


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%. Which "aer is responsib"e for f"ow contro"# ac$now"edgment# and windowing?

A8 Transport

. What is the resu"t of segmenting a networ$ with a router into % segments?

A8 4t pre!ents one segmentKs broadcasts from getting to the other segment.

+. Which "aer is responsib"e for coordinating communication between sstems?

A8 ;ession

,. Which "aer is responsib"e for negotiating data transfer snta*?

A8 6resentation

. Which "aer is responsib"e for snchroniing sending and recei!ing app"ications#

identifing andestab"ishing the a!ai"abi"it of the intended communication partner# and determining if

sufficient

resources for the intended communication e*ists?

A8 App"ication

2. C6G is an acronm for what?

A8 Customer 6remises GJuipment

=. Which % statements are true about 46 addressing?A8 A host portion of a"" 1Ks indicates a networ$ broadcast

46 addresses are four octets "ong and contain a networ$ and a host portion.


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A8 Centra" office

2%. What is cutthrough switching?

A8 6ac$et switching where data is e*iting the switch at the same time it is sti"" entering

the inbound

port.

2. 5i!en an 46 host address of 1


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A8

=%. What is the port number used b -&6?

A8 12

=. What does the acronm AR6 stand for?

A8 Address Reso"ution 6rotoco"

=+. Which protoco" deri!es a hardware address from a $nown 46 address?

A8 AR6

=,. Which protoco" wor$s at the 4nternet "aer of the &@& mode" and is responsib"e for

ma$ing

routing decisions?

A8 46

=. Which port numbers are used b TC6 and -&6 to set up sessions with other hosts?

A8 10% and abo!e

=2. The -ser &atagram 6rotoco" wor$s at which "aer of the &@& mode"?

A8 3ostto3ost.

==. Which protoco" sends redirects bac$ to an originating router?

A8 4nternet Contro" essage 6rotoco" 4C6

=


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A8 TA/

10.What does the erase startupconfig command do?

A8 Grases the startupconfiguration from NRA

10+.What is the command to set the c"oc$ rate on our &CG interfaces to + Mbps?

A8 c"oc$ rate +000 9not c"oc$rate)

10,.4f ou ha!e two Cisco routers connected with &TG&CG cab"es# to which router

wou"d ou add

the command c"oc$ rate?

A8 &CG

CCNA Questions 6art1
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1. What is the Networ$ 4& for the 46 address 1


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A8 C"ass C

1%. 3ow do ou change the Conso"e password on a router to be sharon?

A8 Router9config): "ine con 0

Router9config"ine): "ogin

Router9config"ine): password sharon

1. 3ow are the 4;&N protoco"s defined?

A8 4 stands for concepts# termino"og and ser!ices

G stands for e*isting te"ephone networ$

Q stands for switching and signa"ing

1+. Eour are configuring R46 on our router. What happens when ou enter the

commandHRouter9configrouter): networ$ 12,.2..0I?

A8 R46 has been enab"ed on the 12,.2..0 networ$.

1,. What is the command to show both source and destination addresses for 46F?

A8 debug 46F routing acti!it

1. 3ow do ou "og into -ser GFGC mode?

A8 6ress enter and enter userid and the password if necessar.

12. What command instructs the router to "oad the 4@; from Read @n" emor ?A8 boot sstem rom

1=. What is the 7rame Re"a configuration command for the second subinterface?

A8 interface s0.% pointtopoint

1


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%%. WhatDs the defau"t subnet mas$ for a C"ass / 46 address?

A8 %,,.%,,.0.0

%. WhatDs the defau"t subnet mas$ for a C"ass C 46 address?

A8 %,,.%,,.%,,.0

%+. Tro Techno"ogies has an emp"oee that is wor$ing at home. This emp"oee runs

big c"ient

ser!er app"ications and must Juic$" transfer "arge fi"es. What so"ution wou"d be the

most cost

effecti!e?

A8 4nsta"" an 4;&N connection at the emp"oeeKs house.

%,. What is ha"f dup"e*ing?

A8 7rames feed into a sing"e cab"e in one direction at a time.

%. What are the three main methods of f"ow contro"?

A8 Windowing

/uffering

;ource Quench essaging

%2. What are the correct encapsu"ation tpes for framere"a?

A8 Cisco 4etf

%=. 4n 4@; editing mode# how do ou return to the beginning of command "ine?

A8 Ctr" a

%


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A8 cop f"ash tftp

%. What command wou"d ou use to get tota"" out of config mode and return to 6R4

mode on the

router?

A8 ctr"

. 3ow does ;toreand7orward 'AN switching method wor$?

A8 ;witch waits for the who"e frame before forwarding.

'atenc !aries with different frame sies.

+. Eou ha!e a c"ass / 46 address with a 1% bit subnet. 3ow man subnets and hosts

are a!ai"ab"e?

A8 +0


31/31

To$en Ring ;ap 9&efau"t)

To$en Ring;nap ;nap

7ddi;nap ;nap 9&efau"t)

7ddi=0%. ;ap

7ddiRaw No!e""fddi

3&'C 3&'C 9&efau"t)

2. Router configuration can be done b what four methods?

A8 emor 9NRA)

Termina" 9Conso"e)

Networ$ 9T7T6)

@!erwrite

=. To ma$e a router boot from a fi"e ca""ed 7RG& on the T7T6 ser!er at 46 address

121.,

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