Topic 1 the Particulate Nature of Matter

7/24/2019 Topic 1 the Particulate Nature of Matter

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Topic 1

The Particulate Nature of

Matter


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Learning Outcomes

1. Describe the concept of matter.

2. Identify the properties of the three states of matter.

3. Describe the states of matter and the kinetic

particle theory.

4. Discuss the changes of states using appropriate

examples and activities.

5. xplain the formation of cloud and rain.!. "onduct appropriate investigations to explain the

changes of states of matter.


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Whats the chemistry?

"hemistry is the science that describes matter#

its properties$ the changes it undergoes$ and the

energy changes that accompany those

processes.


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1.1 WHAT ! MATT"#?

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies

space.

%ass & %easure of the 'uantity of matter


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1.$ !TAT"! O% MATT"#

(olid )i'uid *as

%atter can be classified into three states+


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1.& P#OP"#T"! O% MATT"#

(olid$ li'uid and gas have different physicalproperties..

Physical properties& are characteristics that donot change the identity and composition of the

substance, colour$ density$ hardness$ melting

point$ boiling point


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Physical ' (hemical Properties


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-s ater is converted from one state to another$its composition is constant.

Physical Properties


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Physical Properties

- comparison of some physical properties of the three

states of matter+


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Physical Properties

- comparison of some physical properties of the three

states of matter+

Properties !oli) Li*ui) +asRigidity /igid 0los and

assumes shapeof container

0ills anycontainer

completely

Expansion onheating

(light (light xpandsinfinitely

Compressibility (light (light asilycompressed


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1., !TAT" O% MATT"# '

-N"T( PA#T(L" T"O#

he kinetic particle theory of matter+

1. -ll matter is made up of tiny particles that are too small tobe seen.

2. here are spacesbeteen the particles.

3. here are attracti/e forces beteen the particles. heweakerthese forces are$ the further apart are the particles.

4. he particles are alays moving.

5. -t high temperature$ the particles mo/e faster than they doat lo temperature.


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Three !tates of Matter


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0iffusion

he kinetic particle theory can also be used to

explain the process of )iffusion& gradual mixing

of substances.

How perfume diffuses?

hen the lid is taken off$ the li'uid perfume evaporates easily.

(ince there are only eak forces beteen the particles$ they

can spread out$ moving aay from the croded bottle to

places here there are feer particles of perfume.

ventually$ the particles spread evenly throughout the air in

the room.


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0iffusion


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1. (HAN+"! O% !TAT" O%

MATT"#


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1. (HAN+"! O% !TAT" O%

MATT"#

Physical Processes (hange of states (hange of energy

%elting (olid )i'uid -bsorbed

0reeing )i'uid (olid /eleased

vaporation )i'uid *as -bsorbed

"ondensation *as )i'uid /eleased

(ublimation (olid *as -bsorbed


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1.2 (LO30 ' #AN %O#MATON

he kinetic particle theory of matter+

1. -ll matter is made up of tiny particles that are too small tobe seen.

2. here are spacesbeteen the particles.

3. here are attracti/e forces beteen the particles. heweakerthese forces are$ the further apart are the particles.

4. he particles are alays moving.

5. -t high temperature$ the particles mo/e faster than they doat lo temperature.


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The formation of clou)

he formation of clouds involved condensation

and evaporation.

"ondensation occurs hen ater vapour gas in

the air changes into li'uid due to cooling.

hese ater droplets are formed hen ater

vapour condenses around a condensation centre

& a tiny particle of smoke$ dust$ ash or salt.


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The formation of clou)

6isible clouds are tiny ater droplets suspended

in the air.

"louds float in the air and are moved by the

ind.


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The formation of rain

/ainis li'uid ater that falls from clouds.

/ain occurs hen the ater droplets in a cloudget too heavy to stay suspended in the sky and

so fall due to gravity.


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The formation of rain

In a super&cooled atmosphere$ ater droplets

and ice crystals in a cloud interact to produce

more ice crystals.

7oever$ these crystals from the cloud ill melt

as they fall. 8therise$ hail can happen. 9ut this

rarely occurs.

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Topic 1 the Particulate Nature of Matter