This chapter covers the religion, art and architecture of the people of South and Southeast Asia prior to 1200 CE. We will discuss the Indus Valley culture, the Vedic, Maurya, Shugas, Andhras, Kushan, Gupta, Post-Gupta, and the Bhakti Movement. We will soon explore the modern people of this region in Chapter 23. NOTE: Be prepared for some REVIEW QUESTIONS on the Chapter Test.

TOPIC: ALL OF TERMINOLOGY LIST 3

We will be studying South and Southeast Asian Art after 1200 as our next topic. Feel free to scan the pages in that section and take some notes in order to get a head start.

CONCEPTS TO KNOW: Map Identification for READING QUIZ 28 (293):

Regions: Malaysia, Indonesia, Himalayan Mountains Waterways: Indus River, Bay of Bengal Cities: Sarnath, Sanchi, Delhi, Angkor, Borobudur Countries: Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Java

Diagram Identification for READING QUIZ 29 (301):

Elements of Architecture. Be able to identify three structures and label: Stupa: mast, axis mundi, umbrella, torana N-S Temple: axis mundi, shikhara, garbhagriha, mandapa, plinth S-S Temple: capstone, vimana

TERMS: Chakravartin (291), Ashokan pillar (291), yogi (294), trefoil (294), samsara (295), Buddha (295), dharma (296), yakshi (296), nirvana (297), bodhisattvas (297), axis-mundi (297), abacus (297), chakras (298), linga (298), stupa (298), reliquary (299), torana (300), jataka tale (300), northern-style temple (301), southern-style temple (301), vimana (301), chaitya (302), mithuna (302), urna (303), ushnisha (303), mudras (304), garbhagriha (308), finial (308), mandapa (315)

KNOW THE BASICS (location, habits, artistic traits and key pieces of study):

Indus Valley Civilization (292-295):

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Vedic Period (295):

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Maurya Period (295-298):

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Period of Shungas and Early Andhras (198-302):

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Period of Kushan and Later Andhras (302-305):

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Gupta Period:

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Post-Gupta Period:

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KNOW WHO THEY ARE: Ashoka (291), Shakyamuni Buddha (295), Mahavira KNOW THE BASIC TRAITS AND SYMBOLS ASSOCIATED WITH THESE HINDU GODS AND GODDESSES: Vishnu, Shiva, Devi, Brahma (298) CONCEPTS TO KNOW:

Know the three major conventions of Indian art and why they are this way (292)

Understand the message of the Upanishad texts (atman vs. Brahman) and how they influenced

later Indian religion (295) Art and its Contexts: Buddhism (297) Art and its Contexts: Hinduism (298)

Know the function of Buddhist stupas and how their design allows them to function (298-301)

Elements of Architecture: Stupas and Temples (301) Know the basics of how Buddha is typically depicted in Kushan art (303) Know how the Prakhon Chai style in Thailand differs in how it depicts Buddha when compared to earlier depictions of Buddha (319) Know how the concept of multiplicity is depicted in Hindu art and architecture Know the function of large-scale Hindu temples (northern and southern style) (313-318) Know how the Bhakti movement portrays gods/human relationships (318)

LECTURE SLIDES: TITLE TIME PERIOD YEAR

South and Southeast Asia Line Art

Ashokan Pillar* Maurya Period 246 BCE

Additional Ashokan Pillar photographs

Seal Impressions Indus Valley Civilization 1500 BCE

COMPARE TO: Cylinder Seal and impression Sumerian 2,550-2,400 BCE

Large Water Tank Indus Valley Civilization 2600-1900 BCE

Torso of a “Priest-King”* Indus Valley Civilization 2600-1900 BCE

Torso Indus Valley Civilization 2600-1900 BCE

Female Figure holding a Fly Whisk* Maurya Period? 250 BCE

Lion Capital** Maurya Period 250 BCE

India’s flag Graphic Art

Lotus flower bloom Modern photograph

Elements of Architecture: Stupas and Temples* Line Art

Elements of Architecture: Stupa Line Art

Great Stupa, Sanchi* Andhra Period 150-50 BCE

East torana, Great Stupa, Sanchi* Andhra Period 150-50 BCE

Relief from East Torana, Great Stupa, Sanchi Andhra Period 150-50 BCE

Yakshi Bracket Figure*, East torana, Great Stupa, Sanchi Andhra Period 150-50 BCE

Additional stupa images Modern photographs

Chaitya Hall*, Karle, India Andhra Period 1st c. BCE-1st c. CE

Section drawing of Chaitya Hall, Karle, India Andhra Period 1st c. BCE-1st c. CE

Various mithuna figures

Standing Buddha, Pakistan* Kushan Period 2nd-3rd century

Mudras Line Art

Buddha and Attendants, India* Kushan Period 1st - 2nd century

Siddhartha in the Palace, India* Later Andhra Period 3rd century

Standing Buddha, India* Gupta Period 474 CE

Standing Buddha, Afghanistan 5th century CE

Bodhisattva Vakataka Dynasty 475 CE

Additional bodhisattvas Modern photography

Vishnu Temple, Deogarh* Gupta Dynasty 530 CE

Garbhagriha at Lakshmana Temple Khajuraho, India

Vishnu on the Cosmic Waters, Deogarh* Gupta Dynasty 530 CE

Cave-Temple of Shiva, Elephanta Post-Gupta Period 6th century

Eternal Shiva*, Cave-Temple of Shiva, Elephanta Post-Gupta Period 6th century

Dharmaraja Ratha, Mamallapuram, India Pallava Period 7th century

“Descent of the Ganges”, Mamallapuram, India Pallava Period 7th century

Shiva Nataraja, Tamil Nadu Chola Dynasty 12th century

Elements of Architecture: Northern-style temple Line Art

Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, Khajaraho, India Chandella Dynasty 1000

PRECURSOR: Vishnu Temple, Deogarh Gupta Dynasty 530 CE

Erotic Couples, Kandariya Mahadeva Temple Chandella Dynasty 1000

Elements of Architecture: Southern-style temple Line Art

Rajarajeshvara Temple of Shiva, Thanjavur, India Chola Dynasty 1003-10

Modern Hindu Temple in Delhi, India Modern photograph

Modern Hindu Temple in Chicago, Illinois Modern photograph

Modern Hindu Temple in Houston, Texas Modern photograph

Rajaraja I and his Teacher, Temple of Shiva, India Chola Dynasty 1010

Buddha Maitreya, Thailand* Thailand-Prakhon Chai Style 8th century

Buddha Shakyamuni, Thailand Thailand-Dvaravati Style 9th century

Borobudor, Java*, Indonesia 800 CE

Plan of Borobudor, Java, Indonesia Line Art 800 CE

Maya Riding to Lumbini, Borobudor, Java, Indonesia 800 CE

Angkor Vat*, Cambodia 12th century

Vishnu Churning the Ocean of Milk, Angkor Vat 12th century

Parinirvana of the Buddha, Sri Lanka 11th - 12th century

*Possibly a slide-identification question. Know the title and time period.

**Know the title, time period and YEAR.