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Topic : IT로 이끄는 신개념 제조혁신, 3D 프린팅
Associate Professor of Department of Industrial Design, Seoil University
Prof. Sung-Kwon Choi
2013. 10. 08.
Contents
I. AM & 3D Printing Overview
1. 3D Printing Issue
2. What is AM & 3D Printing?
3. How companies are applying AM processes
5. CAD software
6. Hardware Type
7. Build Volume(size)
8. Materials & AM Systems
4. Installations by country
II. 3D Printing Technology & Application
1. Sound pebble / iPhone5 Sound amplifier
2. Leaf Design Series/ iPhone4S Protection Cases
IV. Conclusion
1. AM(Additive Manufacturing)Benefits
4. 3D Printing & Design Market
5. Flower Lampshade / Mood Lamp
References
6. Starfish Pendant / Jewelry Design
7. Twilight / LED Lighting
8. Drop Light / Power LED Lighting
9. DONA / Urban Donation Motivation Robot Etc.
SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)
FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)
DLP (Digital Light Processing)
SLA/SL (Stereo Lithography Apparatus)
9. AM Comparison Matrix
4. Korea Bridal crown Hair band
2. The `marble’ model, check it out!
3. Production Method Comparison
3. Hangul Proclamation Day / LED Mood Lamp
3D Printing Issue
Alvin Toffler
Chris Anderson
Terry T. Wohlers
Peter Weijmarshausen
Barack Hussein Obama
Janne Kyttanen
Charlie Maddock
Neri Oxman
“3D Printing is next revolution in manufacturing”
What is AM & 3D Printing?
CAD 3D Modeling 3D Printing Prototype
3D Printing > Layer by Layer
* ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) International F42 committee
* RP: Rapid Prototyping > AM: Additive Manufacturing / 3D Printing
RP: Rapid Prototyping AM: Additive
Manufacturing Subtractive Manufacturing
3D Printing
RT: Rapid Tooling
RM: Rapid Manufacturing
SM RP AM
3D Printer / AM Machines
Formative Subtractive Additive
3D Printing
* ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) International F42 committee
What is AM & 3D Printing?
Concurrent Engineering
제품 다양화 요구
제품 형상의 복잡화
인건비 상승
제품 수명주기 단축
금형 제작비 상승
NC 가공의 한계
TIME
COST
기업의 경쟁력 강화
3D Printing Needs
Source : Wohlers Report 2013, Wohlers Associates, Inc.
How companies are applying AM processes
1970
1980
1990
2000~ 1960
CAD software
Parametric Modeling
Generative Modeling
Topology Modeling
Algorism Modeling
Haptic Device Modeling
box
Corner R
6 surfaces
Freeform surface
Structure in Nature
3D Scanning & Software
3D Scan equipment
Touch Probe Type Noncontact Type 접촉식 非접촉식
Polygon mesh Point cloud 3D Printing
* White Paper:3RD Generation Parametric Modeling from 3D Scan Data(F), Martin Chader
Hardware Type
Robot type Conveyor Type Box type
Hardware Type
3D DERS 홈페이지에 제조사 2013년 현재 18개국 62개사 등록
출처: http://www.3ders.org/pricecompare/3dprinters/
국가 : 미국, 캐나다, 영국, 싱가폴, 프랑스, 홍콩, 인디아, 한국, 스페인, 중국, 독일, 이탈리아, 네덜란드, 일본, 폴란드, 대만, 네덜란드, 덴마크 등
제품 형식: DIY 형태 주류 > 제품 가격: $200~$7,000 > 프린팅 기술 FFF(FDM) 방식 주류 > 오픈 소스와 특허 만료 사용 재료: ABS, PLA 주력, Lawood-D3, Nylon-618, PC > 재료 가격: $10~$140
제조사는 전문기업과 개인 DIY 혼재 > TOP 10엔 전문기업 우세
초기 RepRap 오픈 소스코드를 이용하여 개발 > 향후 자체적인 업그레이드 지속 서비스 필요
한국의 경우 멘델, 윌리봇, 에디슨 등 5개사 정도가 현재 DIY형태로 초기 제품 개발 > 커뮤니티로 카페 활용
FDM : Fused Deposition Modeling SLA / SL
Entry Level 3D Printer
출처 : Wohlers Report 2009, Terry Wohlers, page 53 요약
96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Entry level 3D Printer sales
Build Volume(size)
4000 x 2000 x 1000mm
1000 x 800 x 500mm
>Ink-jet print technology >Selective powder adherence >26.560 nozzles >resolution: 600 dpi >print with: 1120 mm >printing speed: 75s/layer >layer thickness: 300 micron
>3D laser lithography technology >3D micro & nanostructure made >ex1. 220 micron=0.22mm >ex2. 10 micron=0.01mm
2100 x 700 x 800mm >SLA(SL): Stereolithography technology >Layer Thickness 50 micron=0.05mm
>PolyJet Matrix technology >Layer Thickness 16 micron=0.016mm
914 x 610 x 914mm >FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling) technology >Layer Thickness 117 micron=0.330/0.254/0.178mm
700 x 380 x 560mm >SLS(Selective Laser Sintering) technology >Layer Thickness 120 micron=0.12mm
SLS SLA
PolyJet
FDM
InkJet
SLA
445 x 356 x 500mm
>DLP(Digital Light Projection)technology >Layer Thickness 25 micron=0.025mm
DLP
Plastic
Metal
Ceramic composite
Paper
Meat
Rubber
Wax
Wood
Cement Polymer
Sand
Sugar
Chocolate
Human tissue
ABS,PLA, Epoxy, PC, Nylon Etc.
Salt
Stainless Steel, Bronze, Titanium Ti64
Food
Materials
Liquid-based systems Powder-based systems Solid-based systems
Materials & AM Systems
AM Comparison Matrix
Additive Manufacturing-01 Sound pebble / iPhone5 Sound amplifier
SLS : Selective Laser Sintering
Sound pebble / iPhone5 Sound amplifier. Design by 3dconnection. 2013.
01
Sound pebble / iPhone5 Sound amplifier. Design by 3dconnection. 2013.
3D Modeling & Inspection
02
Cooling Time
Sound pebble / iPhone5 Sound amplifier. Design by 3dconnection. 2013.
03
SLS Making platform
SLS : Selective Laser Sintering
Packaging
Sound pebble / iPhone5 Sound amplifier. Design by 3dconnection. 2013.
05
Additive Manufacturing-02 Leaf Design Series/ iPhone4S Protection Cases
3D Scanning
Shape Design
01
Reverse Engineering
Leaf series/ iPhone4S Protection cases. Design by 3dconnection. 2012.
Dyeing
02
User Testing
Leaf series/ iPhone4S Protection cases. Design by 3dconnection. 2012.
03
Packaging
Leaf series/ iPhone4S Protection cases. Design by 3dconnection. 2012.
04
Additive Manufacturing-03 Hangul Proclamation Day / LED Mood Lamp
Hangul Proclamation Day / LED Mood Lamp, Design by 3dconnection. 2013.
Lighting Design
Quin-MGX, materialise, 2007 / SLS, PA. Quin-MGX, Desugn by Basheba Grossman, US/ courtesy of materialise / SLA, PA, 2007.
Lighting Design
Palm Hanging D32, Janne Kyttanen 2007, FOC / SLS, PA.
CLAM / NUDL as team of JUNGLIM Architecture / Korea / 2009. Courtesy of JUNGLIM Architecture
CLAM / NUDL as team of JUNGLIM Architecture / Korea / 2009. Courtesy of JUNGLIM Architecture
Additive Manufacturing-04 The winners of the Accessory Challenge by Materialise
Koran Bridal crown Hairband by Kijin Shin, 3DCONNECTION, 2013.
01
02
The Universe by Jeeyoung Bang
03
04
Jointed Jewels > Necklaces , Rings, Bangles
Jointed Jewels > Necklaces and Rings Jointed Jewels > Bangles and Ring
Alissia Melka, byamt, 2010.
N12 Bikini, continuumfashion, 2011 / SLS, PA2200.
Additive Manufacturing-05 Flower Lampshade / Mood Lamp
FDM : Fused Deposition Modeling
01
Rhino3D>3D Modeling
02
netfabb studio>3D Modeling Inspection
3D Printing
Printer Head
Build & Support
Final Lamp Shade
03 FDM : Fused Deposition Modeling
04
Additive Manufacturing-06 Starfish Pendant / Jewelry Design
DLP : Digital Light Processing
Topology Modeling
Mesh Modeling > STL. File conversion
01 * STL=Stereo Lithography / * AMF : Additive Manufacturing Format
Starfish Pendant. Made by 3dconnection. 2012.
Mask Image Projection 02 DLP : Digital Light Processing
03
Starfish Pendant. Made by 3dconnection. 2012.
Casting
3D Printed Resin
04
Starfish Pendant. Made by 3dconnection. 2012.
Goddess Dream Pendant & Necklace, 18K Gold, Silver Series, JOO,EUN-OK, 2009.
Jewelry Design
BLOOMING Earring & Necklace, 18K Gold Series, YEMYUNGJI, 2010.
Jewelry Design
Additive Manufacturing-07 Twilight / LED Lighting
Arduino interation programming /Software (RoboPlus Task, Manager and Motion v1.0.18.0) Testing
01
3D Printing Parts > Post Processing
02 SLA : Stereolithography
Twilight / Design by Minsu Kim. 2009.
03
Additive Manufacturing-08 Drop Light / Power LED Lighting
SLA / SL : Stereo Lithography Apparatus
01
Drop Light : Rapid Prototyping / SLA Process
02
Drop Light : Prototypes (design mock-up), 2010~2013. Courtesy of DOOLIGHT.COM
Drop Light : Prototypes (design mock-up)
03
Drop Light : Manufacturing goods
Drop Light, design by doolight, 2013.
04
Drop Light : Manufacturing goods Drop Light Mini, design by doolight, 2013. Courtesy of DOOLIGHT.COM
05
Additive Manufacturing-09 DONA / Urban Donation Motivation Robot
A
Two initial concept sketches and prototypes Final prototype
DONA: Urban Donation Motivating Robot . Design by Min Su Kim. 2009~2011. Courtesy of KIMMINSUDESIGN/RCA
01
B
C
D
Courtesy of KIMMINSUDESIGN
02
3D Modeling & Inner structure assembling inspection
Arduino interation programming /Software (RoboPlus Task, Manager and Motion v1.0.18.0) Testing
Rapid Prototyping > SLA Parts Assembling
Image Mapping(Character-oriented, Humanoid-like type) Form study with clay
1
2 4
3
03
Public Demonstration, Seoul Museum of Art, 2011.
04
AM(Additive Manufacturing) Benefits
Additive Manufacturing has many remarkable benefits compared to traditional mass production techniques
It can build unique and complex parts rapidly over a number of hours.
‘Local’ manufacturing results in a lower carbon footprint and materials can include recycled plastics.
With no upfront costs for moulds, manufacturing on-demand promotes a positive cash flow.
The absence of moulds allows for complex geometries to be created without difficulty.
Rapid
Affordable Additive Manufacturing eliminates tooling, set-up and some labor costs. It can produce parts of far superior complexity that can consist of one or more movable components without the need for assembly. Hence, it is the only viable manufacturing process for ‘Mass Customization'.
There is considerably less material waste than traditional manufacturing techniques. Less Waste
Environmentally Friendly
Competitive
Flexible Design
A traditional supply chain A 3D printing supply chain
Just in time Long lead time
AM(Additive Manufacturing) Benefits
Long Tail Economy, Chris Anderson
3D Printing & Design Market
($)
(개)
개 당 제 조 비 용
제품 개수
방법 2 3차원 프린터
방법 1 사출 성형 (금형 제작 비용 1만 달러 + 고무오리 1개당 20달러)
(고무오리 1개를 추가 생산할 때 드는 비용은 20달러로 동일)
다양성 복잡성 유연성
Production Method Comparison
제조의 민주화
Production Democratization
자금 조달의 민주화
Funds Procurement Democratization
유통/판매의 민주화
Distribution/Sales Democratization
Global Online Web Crowd Funding
3D Printing & Design Market
3D Printing
New Design Business Model
Arduino Open Source
Global Online App
MAKE THE IMAGINATION RAEL
“상상하는 것을 현실로 만들 수 있음”
>무금형(無金型 ) 제품의 등장> No Assembly
>3차원을 넘어선 디자인 제품의 등장
>CUSTOMIZATION, LIMITED, 유일 상품 등장
>프로슈머(Prosumer)의 증가와 경계성의 한계
>Desktop Factory / FAB at Home > 1인 생산 기업 등장
>상품의 형태가 Digital File의 형태로도 On-Line 유통
>Network 교역생산 > 전세계 장비 활용
>Cloud 컴퓨팅 기반 AM 상품 유통 마켓 활성화
>Low Volume Production>다품종 소량 생산적합
유통
제조
상품
NEW BUSINESS MODELS IN THE CREATIVE INDUSRIES
>RP / 3D Printer 서비스 Bureau 성장 / 전문회사 등장
>기능위주>이야기, 감성 상품의 증가
>슈퍼 컴퓨팅 플랫폼 및 빅 데이터 마케팅 활성화
3D Printing & AM Paradigm 예측
Factory of Future
AM 후처리 기술 확보와 개발
AM 디자인 상품의 적극 연구와 개발
AM 장비와 재료의 국산화
AM 상품의 표면처리기술 > 상품성 높임
ex. MGX, FOC > History 만들기
장비의 상용화와 환경친화적 재료 개발
사용 재료의 내구성, 다양성 확보
AM 디자인기술을 별도로 연구,교육 지원하는 R&D 및 Facility Center 필요>대학 기초 교육
AM 디자인 상품의 분야별 브랜드 상품 개발
AM 상품은 차별화된 디자인과 초기 세분야 영역을 선점하여 History 가치와 국제 마케팅
AM 의 바른 인식과 기초 생태계 구축
AM의 기술의 저변 확대 노력
국내외 기술교류와 기초 연구
AM 상품의 대량 생산 시설 확보
3D MODELING 및 SCAN/REVERSE 설계기술 인재양성
AM(Additive Manufacturing) 산업을 위한 준비와 해결 과제
AM 생태계 구축 전략 수립
Rapid Manufacturing, An industrial Revolution for the Digital Age Editors N. Hopkinson, R.J.M. Hague and P.M. Dickens / Loughborough University, UK, 2006. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Rapid Prototyping / Principles and Applications / Second Edition, Chua C.K., Leong K. F. and Lim C. S. 2004. World Scientific
Wohlers Report 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013 / State of the Industry / Annual Worldwide Progress Report / Terry Wohlers, 2009 / Terry T. Wohlers Wohlers Associates, Inc.
산업디자이너를 위한 신속조형기술 / RP 활용가이드, 최성권 지음, 도서출판 혜지원, 2010.
Designers for Rapid Prototyping User Guide, Sung-Kwon Choi, Hyejiwon Press, 2010.
앨빈 토플러 > 부의 미래, 앨빈 토플러, 하이디 토플러 지음, 김중웅 옮김, 청림출판, 2006.
Revolutionary Wealth
References
The New World of 3D Printing / 2013 /Hod Lipson, Melba Kurman, 2013.
The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More, Chris Anderson, New York, NY: Hyperion Press, 2008.
메이커스(MAKERS), 크리스 앤더슨, RHK알에이치코리아, 2013.
www. 3dconnection.co.kr
Q & A
감사합니다.
Thanks you!