9/8/2015

1

Proses Bisnis dan Informasi

1

Topics covered1. Information age

2. Data, information, and knowledge

3. Departments in a company

4. System thinking

5. Information systems for business communication

2

3

The Three Waves of Changeby Alvin Toffler describes three phases or “waves of changes”

First wave

A civilization based on agriculture and handwork

Relatively primitivestage

Lasted thousands of years

Luddites opposedtechnology. 4

Second wave

The Industrial Revolution

Began at the end of the 18th century and lasted about 150 years

Third wave

The Information Age

Information becomes the currency

5

The printing press gave birth to the information age.

COMPETING IN THE INFORMATION AGE

Currently infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone who can use a computer

Many business leaders have created exceptional opportunities by coupling the power of the information age with traditional business methods

6

9/8/2015

2

Characteristics of the Digital World

• Globalization is the integration of economies throughout the world, enabled by technological progress.

• Globalization can be seen in visible economic, cultural, and technological changes.

7

Economic Changes

Increases in international trade, development of global financial systems and currency, and outsourcing of labor

Globalization: Economic Changes

1-8

Cultural Changes

Increased multiculturalism through TV and movies; international travel and immigration; ethnic foods; Facebook, FarmVille, Twitter, and YouTube

Globalization: Cultural Changes

1-9

Globalization: Technological Changes

Technological Changes

Low-cost computing platforms and communication technologies; e-mail, Skype, and instant messaging; low-cost global telecommunications infrastructure; global patent and copyright enforcement

1-10

Examples of the power of business and technology

Amazon—Not a technology company; primary business focus is selling books

Netflix—Not a technology company; primary business focus is renting videos

Zappos—Not a technology company; primary business focus is selling shoes

11

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY’S ROLE IN BUSINESS Information technology is everywhere in business

Understanding information technology provides greater insight to anyone learning about business

12

9/8/2015

3

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY’S IMPACT ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS Organizations typically

operate by functional areas or functional silos

Functional areas are interdependent

IT plays a critical role in deploying enterprisewide initiatives to achieve business goals

13

Information technology (IT) concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing information

Information technology is an important enabler of business success and innovation

14

Management information systems (MIS) is a general name for the business function and academic discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and procedures – collectively called information systems – to solve business problems

MIS is a business function, similar to Accounting, Finance, Operations, and Human Resources

15

Discussion Question:

Can anyone think of how IT can help employee track his record?

16

17

When beginning to learn about information technology it is important to understand the following:

Data, information, and knowledge

Business intelligence

IT resources

The challenge: departmental companies

The solution: management information system

18

9/8/2015

4

Data: The Root and Purpose of Information Systems

Data—raw, unformatted information

Information—data that is transformed to have a meaning

Knowledge—ability to understand information, form opinions, and make decisions or predictions

19

Business Intelligence—applications and technologies that are used to gather, provide access to, and analyze data and information to support decision-making efforts

20

The Components of Information SystemsInformation System Computer Information System

21

Hardware—CPU, disk drives, monitors, keyboards, and so on

Software—provide hardware with processing instructions

Telecommunications networks—allow computers to share

information and services

People: The Builders and Managers of ISCareer opportunities are strong and expected to grow.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Employment for computer and IS managers will grow faster than the average for all occupations through 2016.

Some titles: systems analysts, systems programmers, systems operators, network administrators, database administrators, systems designers, systems managers, and chief information officers

22

IS Management Job Titles and Job Descriptions

23

IS Professional Core CompetenciesTechnical competency

Hardware, software, networking

Business competency Business integration, managing people and projects,

social skills, verbal and written communication

Systems competency Systems integration, development methodologies,

critical thinking, problem solving

24

9/8/2015

5

Discussion Question:

What IT job do you want to pursue? Why?

25 26

IT RESOURCES The plans and goals of the IT department must align

with the plans and goals of the organization

People use Information technologyto work with Information

27

THE CHALLENGE: DEPARTMENTAL COMPANIES

Common Departments Working Independently

28

THE SOLUTION: MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Common Departments Working Interdependently

29

Organizations: The Context of IS Organizations use information systems to:

be more productive and profitable gain competitive advantage reach more customers improve service to their customers

True for all types of organizations Professional Social Religious Educational Governmental

30

9/8/2015

6

Types of Info Systems Used in Organizations

31 32

The Spread of Technology in Organizations

IS personnel tend to spend most of their time out in the business unit.

IS personnel often have dual-reporting relationships—reporting to both the central IS group and the business function they serve.

Clearly a need for people who know the technology side and the business side of the business

33

Discussion Question:

Do you think that all IT people must understand business?

34

35

Systems thinking—A way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback

36

9/8/2015

7

37

Management Information Systems (MIS) — A business function, like accounting and human resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate decision-making and problem-solving

38

39

Konklusi Era informasi mengharuskan kita siap dengan segala

bentuk perubahan dalam bentuk perubahan ekonomi, budaya, dan teknologi

Pemahaman dan pengetahuan akan penggunaan teknologi dalam bisnis sudah menjadi konsekuensi agar dapat bertahan di era globalisasi

Penerapan sistem informasi kini telah menjadi solusi untuk dapat mengatasi permasalahan dalam organisasi serta mendongkrak kinerja dan produktifitas bisnis

40