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17th International Symposium on Application of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal, July 07 – 10, 2014
2.10.1
Full-Scale Total Wake Field PIV-Measurements for an Enhanced Cavitation Prediction
A. Kleinwächter1,*, E. Ebert1, R. Kostbade1, K. Hellwig-Rieck2, H.-J. Heinke2, N. A. Damaschke1
1: Dept. of Optoelectronics and Photonic Systems, University of Rostock, Germany 2: Dept. of Propeller and Cavitation, Potsdam Model Basin, Potsdam, Germany
Keywords: PIV Total Full Scale Measurements, Cavitation Prediction, Wake Field
Propeller and rudder cavitation can impair vessel efficiency due to vibrations, noise and erosion. Hence in the propeller design process it is mandatory to predict the cavitation behavior. The mean wake field determines the overall design dimensions of the propeller. A precise velocity field is therefore crucial for the propeller blade section design and pitch. As a consequence the prognosis of cavitation inception and extent is as good as the wake field determinations [SWF]. Currently the full scale nominal wake field is either calculated by numeric simulations or measured at model scale and corrected by an upscaling process. The obtained wake fields are a good approximation for the real world. The actual cavitation behavior in some cases varies however and the evaluation rates of ship-scale simulations are very low [CMP]. Thus there is a big demand to improve the cavitation prediction by validating the calculated full scale wake fields against a reliable data set, measured at full-scale. For previous full-scale measurements Laser Doppler Velocimetry was the favored technology [KUX]. In the presented joint project KonKav however, were Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA), Potsdam Model Basin (SVA), Technical University of Hamburg Harburg (TUHH), Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft (FSG) und the University of Rostock were involved, the Particle Imaging Velocimetry technique could be adapted and applied.
Fig. 1 Wake field area and vessel section with the measurement setups
It proved to be robust and powerful. In order to allow a precise offset estimation by adaptive cross correlation algorithms, a calibration strategy was designed for the equalization of the flow images. The design of the optics, the alignment of the measuring system and the triggering of measurements on propeller’s angular position to identify its strong effect on the wake were further main challenges. In addition, the validation of the measurement system in the towing tank of SVA was a milestone, in order to deliver a reliable full-scale total wake field data set, which hopefully will contribute to a better evaluation of cavitation prognosis and to a deeper understanding of scaling effects between model and ship scale.
A first step was taken already by comparing the measured velocities with RANS simulation data for the full scale wake (Figure 2). Systematic deviations e.g. at measurement volumes 11, 12, 15, 16 and 17 were revealed, which indicate possible inaccuracies in current calculations.
Fig. 2 Comparison of the measured (GA) and calculated (CFD) axial flow component of the velocity data at the 28 discrete measurement volumes at a propeller angle of 22.5°; the data is referred to the water inflow velocity Vm
[CMP] The Specialist Committee on Computational Method for Propeller Cavitation (1999) Proceedings of the 22th ITTC, Seoul and Shanghai
[KUX] Kux, J., Laudan, J. (1985) Correlation of Wake Measurements at Model and Full Scale Ship, 15th ONR Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics
[SWF] The Specialist Committee on Scaling of Wake Field (2011) Proceedings of the 26th ITTC – Volume II, Rio de Janeiro
