Totalitarian Governments

Totalitarian Governments15.5/16.3/16.51

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3http://mattsteinglass.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/totalitarian_temptation_bennjerrys.jpg3The key part of this word is the first five letters.4http://www.thegeminigeek.com/what-is-totalitarianism/4

5Totalitarian StateA form of government Single-party dictatorship with blind obedience to a charismatic single leader.State control of the economy.Use of police spies and terror to enforce the will of the state.6Government control of the media to indoctrinate and mobilize citizens through propaganda. Use of schools and youth organizations to spread ideology to children.Strict censorship of artist and intellectuals with dissenting opinions.7Conflicting Forces in JapanCh. 27 Sec.58Emperor Hirohito

9On the Rise in 1920sMoved toward greater prosperity and democracyEconomic growth during WWIIndustrial production grewAnnexed Korea as a colony in 1910Sought further rights in China- Twenty-One Demands10Liberal Changes in 1920sPolitical parties grew strongerMembers of the Diet exercised their powerAll adult men won right to voteSome changes for women (suffrage granted 1945)Political Parties became manipulated by zaibatsuModerate Japanese slowed foreign expansion1922: Signed treaty to limit size of navy

11Problems below the surfaceRural peasants did not share in nations wealthCities: factory workers paid low wagesPoverty drew them to socialist ideas of Marx/LeninTensions between political and military leadersMany highs and lows during 1920s

12Nationalist Reaction1929: Great DepressionDisaster fed discontent among military and ultranationalistsNationalist further outraged by immigration policies by US, Canada, & Australia Nationalist suggested expansion to Asia for raw materials- Manchuria becomes their target131931: provoked an incident to seize ManchuriaSet up a puppet state known as ManzhouguoJapan withdrew from League of Nations for being condemned

14Militarists in Power1930s: ultranationalists winning support for foreign conquests and a stand against Western powersExtreme nationalists assassinated a number of politiciansMilitary leaders plotted to overthrow the government1937: Civilian government survived, but accepted military dominance15More Expansion in China1930s: Japan took advantage of Chinas civil warExpected to take complete control in a few years1936: allied with Germany and Italy- signed the Tripartite Pact in Sept. 1940WWII broke out 193916Fascism in ItalyCh. 28 Sec. 317Benito Mussolini

18Rise of Turmoil in ItalyItalian nationalists outraged by broken promises from France and BritainInspired by revolution in Russia- peasants seized land and workers went on strike or seized factoriesTrade declined and taxes roseGovernment splint into feuding factions19Rise of Benito MussoliniSon of socialist blacksmith and a teacherSupported nationalism over socialism1919: He organized veterans and discontented Italians into Fascist partyAncient Roman word- symbol of unity and authorityHe was a fiery and charismatic speaker that promised end to corruption and replace turmoil with order20Mussolini Gains ControlOrganized his supporters into combat squadsBlack Shirts party militants were in favor of violent action over democratic processFascist gangs used intimidation and terror to oust elected officialsMany civilians supported this1922: March on Rome- Fascists marched to Rome and scared King Victor Emmanuel III King asked Mussolini to form a government as Prime Minister (Oct. 30, 1922)21Mussolinis RuleWithin three years Mussolini assumed more power and taken title Il Duce- The LeaderSuppressed rival parties, muzzled the press, rigged elections & replaced elected officials with Fascist supporters1929: He received support from Pope Pius XI for recognizing Vatican as independent stateParliamentary monarchy was actually a dictatorship upheld by terror22State control of the GovernmentHe preserved capitalismRepresentatives of business, labor, govt, and Fascist party controlled industry, agriculture, and tradeSystem favored upper classes and industrial leadersSuccess came at the expense of the workers- forbidden to strike and wages were low23Individual and the StateLoyalty to the state replaced conflicting individual goalsGlorious state was all-important and the individual was unimportant except as a member of the state

24Nature of FascismMussolini built the first totalitarian stateA one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizensFascist is an ideology of Totalitarianism just like Socialism under Stalin25What is Fascism?No unifying theory like Marxist, but describes any centralized, authoritarian government that is not communist whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive Extreme nationalists and antidemocraticSurvival of the Fittest26Appeal of FascismPromised strong stable government and an end to the political feuding Sense of power and confidence at a time of disorder and despairIntense nationalism also revived national pride

27Fascism vs CommunismFascists were sworn enemies of socialists and communistsCommunists worked for international change/ Fascists supported a society with defined classesFound allies with business leaders, wealthy landowners, and lower middle classCommunist wanted classless society28Did have some in CommonDrew power by inspiring blind devotionUsed terror Flourished during economic hardshipsParty elite claimed to rule in the name of national interest

29Hitler and the Rise of Nazi GermanyCh. 28 Sec. 530Adolf Hitler

31Weimar Republics RiseAfter WWI Germany tottered on the brink of chaosThreat of socialist revolution- Kaiser abdicatedModerate leaders signed the armistice and eventually Versailles treaty1919: Constitution drafted in Weimar and created democratic governmentParliamentary system led by chancellor or prime minister32Fall of Weimar RepublicPolitical StrugglesWeak because of multiple partiesWeimar Republic blamed for Versailles TreatyRunaway InflationEconomic disaster fed unrestFrench occupation of Ruhr ValleyBegan recovery and Great DepressionLed Germans to follow Adolf HitlerWeimar CultureCulture did not keep with Germanys illustrious past33Nazi Partys Rise to PowerBy 1920 Hitler was the unquestioned leader of the National Socialist German Workers, or Nazi, partyHe organized his supporters in groups called Storm TroopersHitler was determined to become Fuhrer34One year out of prison, Hitler began his rise to power- Great Depression played in his favorPromised to end reparations, create jobs, and defy the Versailles treaty with rearming Germany1933: He was appointed Chancellor through legal meansWithin a year he was dictatorGermany became a one-party state, he purged his own party and demanded unquestioned obedience35Third Reich Controls GermanyHitler played on Germans past gloriesFirst Reich- Holy Roman Empire/ Second Reich- forged by BismarkLaunched large public worksCrash program to rearm Germany and he schemed to unite Germany and AustriaBoth were violations of Versailles TreatyBecame a Totalitarian State under Gestapo36Attack on the JewsFanatical anti-semitism 1935 Nuremberg LawsNov. 7, 1938: led to Kristallnacht Night of Broken Glass (Nov. 8/9th)Plans towards Final SolutionNazi Youth Textbooks were re-written to reflect Nazi viewsPurging of German Culture3710 German Rules for MarriageRemember you are a German.Remain pure in mind and spirit! Keep your body pure!If hereditarily fit, do not remain single!Marry only for love.Being a German, only choose a spouse or similar or related blood! When choosing your spouse, inquire into his or her forebears!Health is essential to outward beauty as well!Seek a companion in marriage, not a playmate.Hope for as many children as possible! Your duty is to produce at least four offspring in order to ensure the future of the national stock38