Totalitarianism

A Brief Overview/ Review

Totalitarianism

Definition: Form of government in which all societal

resources are monopolized by the government. Total control over the population.

Tools of Totalitarian government Propaganda Police terror Censorship Indoctrination

TheState

I I I I I

Fascist Model

State =eternal,lasting

State casts aside all who do not serve its purpose

Individual =temporary, expendable

Individual exists toserve the State (a tool)

PowerHere

Right Wing vs. Left Wing

Right- Wing Middle Class

support Maintain Status quo Private ownership of

industrial wealth Examples:

Hitler’s Germany Mussolini’s Italy

Left-Wing Poor/ peasant

support Seek Elimination of

classes Collective ownership Examples:

Mao’s China Stalin’s Russia

Conditions that helped to bring about Totalitarian regimes in

Europe

The Treaty of Versailles

1. Which countries were represented at the Versailles negotiations?

A. Italy, France, United States, England

2. Who was missing?A. Germany and Russia

3. What were the terms of the Treaty?A. Germany takes on all responsibility for the War (War

Guilt Clause)B. Germany must give up landC. Germany must reduce its armyD. Germany must pay billions of dollars to the allies

4. The map of Europe is drastically altered as a result of the War and the Treaty…

Pre World War I Map

Post World War I Map

How did changes in the Map of Europe affect Russia, Italy and Germany?

Russia did not regain land lost to Germany Italy did not gain land even though they

were part of the winning side Germany lost territory and felt vulnerable

Our Big Three

The terms of the Treaty help set conditions that led to the rise of…

Stalin and the Soviet Union

Lenin founded the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution in 1917

Stalin succeeded Lenin Referred to as the Grey Blur Postponed Lenin’s plans for a global

communist revolution in order to secure the Soviet Union

Several Five Year Plans to help the Soviet Union compete with the West

Killed many of his top aides and advisors as well as any people who opposed his rule

Mussolini’s Italy

Founded a fascist regime in the 1920sPursued the idea of Mare Nostrum to

create a new Italian EmpireArmy was ill-equipped for warBound to HitlerUsed Balcony speeches to rally the

masses to his cause

Hitler’s Germany

Arrested after failed Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch.

Wrote Mein Kampf in jail Felt the Weimar officials had stabbed

Germany in the Back Blamed Weimar Republic, communists, Jews

and the French for Germany’s Problems Founded the Nazi party

Hitler’s Germany cont.

Hyperinflation of the 1920s helped set conditions for Hitler’s Nazis to take control.

1932- Nazis finish strongly in elections President Hindenburg appoints Hitler Chancellor Hindenburg dies and Hitler takes over Birth of the Third Reich

Practice Multiple Choice Questions

1. A major goal of France and Great Britain at the Conference of Versailles following World War I was to

a) Create a politically unified Europeb) Keep Germany from rebuilding its military

forcesc) Restore pre-war imperial governments to powerd) Help Germany rebuild its industrial economy

2. What aim did Italian leader Vittorio Orlando have during the Creation of the Treaty of Versailles?

a) To gain territory from Austria-Hungaryb) To assume control of Austria’s

industriesc) To guarantee the partition of Germanyd) To gain possession of Austria’s

overseas colonies

3. President Wilson said his Fourteen Points would provide a framework for

a) A lasting and just peaceb) Determining war reparationsc) Expanding colonial empiresd) Punishing aggressor nations

4. One way fascist leaders in the 1920s and 1930s gained popular support was

a) Promising to maintain peace with other countries

b) Attracting foreign investment

c) Limiting the strength of the military

d) Appealing to national pride

5. Stalin’s Great Purge from 1934-1939

a) Eliminated military dominance in state decisions

b) Expanding Soviet agriculture at the expense of Soviet industry

c) Brought about the deaths of millions of people

d) Replaces soviet agricultural workers with technology

6. Which of the following does not describe Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy and Stalin’s Russia

a) They were totalitarian regimes

b) All three nations wanted to expand their borders

c) political enemies were killed

d) All three operated under Marxist principles

7. Mao’s China and Stalin’s Russia wereA. Right-Wing Totalitarian regimesB. Left- Wing Totalitarian regimesC. Representative DemocraciesD. Aristocracies

8. Hyperinflation is a condition where A. Prices remain constantB. Prices rise rapidly, making paper

money virtually worthlessC. Wages increase dramaticallyD. Prices drop drastically, allowing all

members of society the chance t buy goods

9. As a result of the Treaty of VersaillesA. Russia regained all of the land it had

surrendered to GermanyB. Italy became a major power in

EuropeC. Germany accepted guilt for World

War ID. All of the above

10. Who was Hitler referring to when he used the phrase “stab in the back”

A. CommunistsB. JewsC. Weimar OfficialsD. The French

11. Mussolini’s concept of Mare Nostrum promoted

A. Italian expansionB. Italian isolationismC. Italian seafoodD. Italian reliance on Germany

12. Under Mussolini’s rule in Italy,a. a democracy was put it place.b. there was a one-party dictatorship.c. the socialists came into power.d. free speech was encouraged.

13. What measure did the Nazis take that was a rejection of the Versailles treaty?

a. They launched large public works projects.b.They rearmed Germany.c. They passed the Nuremberg Laws.d.They established the Gestapo.

14. The founder of the Soviet Union wasA. TrotskyB. LeninC. StalinD. Gorbachev

15. Hitler was arrested afterA. World War IB. World War IIC. The Munich PutschD. Selling his art

Answers

1. B2. A3. A4. D5. C6. D7. B8. B

9. C10. C11. A12. B13. B14. B15. E