Totally Integrated Power

Innovativepower distributionfor ports & harborsConcept for profitable and safeelectric power distribution

siemens.com/tip-ports

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Contents

Requirements and trends 04 – 07in the ports & harbors sector

Integrated solutions 08for power supply

SIHARBOR – onshore power 09supply for ships

SIESTORAGE 10

General planning 11 - 22

Totally Integrated Power 23 – 27

SIMARIS planning tools 28provide efficient support

Integration is the key 29

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Integrated andfuture-orientedpower supplysolutions for portsThe importance of electric power as an energy sourcefor industries, buildings, and infrastructures is increas-ing steadily. Each business has specific needs and chal-lenges and requires a versatile, adaptable, and tailoredpower supply in order to optimize availability and prof-itability. Totally Integrated Power (TIP) from Siemens isa fully customizable and integrated power supply solu-tion comprising software and hardware products, sys-tems, and solutions across all voltage levels. TIP per-fectly integrates into industrial and building automa-tion systems and enables companies to focus on theircore business while supporting their value chains witha reliable, safe, and efficient power supply. Becausepower matters.

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Requirements and trends in theports & harbors sectorClimate protection is one of the greatest challenges of ourtime. Maritime traffic and port operation have a signifi-cant impact on CO2 emissions. Aboard ships and in portoperation, there is now a move toward electricity as asource of energy. Globally, port operators have set them-selves the goal to reduce CO2 emissions significantly.European regulations stipulate that the EU’s CO2 emis-sions from maritime transport to be cut by at least 40 %by 2050, or even 50 % if possible, as compared to levels in2005.

This definition of goals adds a completely new perspectiveto supplying power to ports. It is not only the availabilityof energy and its purchase price, but also the specific CO2

emissions of the various energy types which must beincluded into power supply considerations.

New concepts of power generation are called for, wherethe co-generation of heat and power, wind and solarpower as well as geothermal energy could play a part.

Ship traffic growthCurrent studies forecast a moderate growth in thetransportation of goods by ship as well as a continuingpassenger increase, which calls for an appropriate adapta-tion of the existing infrastructure.

Despite growing passenger numbers, it is still intended toreduce CO2 emissions based on international and nationalinitiatives and targets.

If port operators are to meet these political demands, newstrategies are called for.

Typically, the total energy demand of ports is divided intoelectricity and fuel consumption. Electricity is largelyprocured from the grid operator and used for Ship-to-Shore container cranes (STS), refrigerated container(reefer), electrical Rubber Tire Gantry (eRTG), lighting, airconditioning, etc. To a minor extent, concepts of inde-pendent power supply and microgrids are implemented.Heat is either generated within the port by burning main-ly fossils such as oil and natural gas, or obtained from thedistrict heating grid.

The main energy consumers of a port are its terminalswith STS and reefer containers. They represent approxi-mately 80 % of the total energy demand. The remaining20 % is consumed by lighting, workshops and other ancil-lary buildings.

The costs of electricity are part of the operating cost;they vary from country to country and are thus location-bound.

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A reduction of power consumption, however, is depen-dent on the port operator. Large ports are internationaltraffic hubs and are exposed to cross-national competi-tion.

Especially in Germany, a reduction of energy consumption– and thus operating costs – would increase the competi-tive edge over other European traffic hubs. Furthermore,CO2 emissions could also be reduced, which would, inturn, meet the political demands.

In this context it is vital to measure all electrical values inorder to control the whole power supply grid and safe-guard continuous energy flow, avoiding peak loads whichwould cause additional energy costs.

Energy saving optionsWhen analyzing optimization potentials, the entire prop-erty of a port must be looked into.

The building shell dissipates heat energy and consumes itthrough solar radiation. Heat insulation plays a particularpart in this context. The better the building is insulated,the less energy needs to be consumed for heating andcooling it. Furthermore, heat energy sources such aslighting, motors and electronics must be considered. Inorder to create agreeable interior air conditions under theaspect of energy saving, energy saving equipment andefficient building control systems are indispensable.

Ports have largely unexploited resources – biomass suchas green waste, organic waste and organic waste watercomponents – which can be utilized for power genera-tion. Unused areas on buildings could be used for solarpower supply. Heat pumps, heat exchangers and heatstores are rarely utilized today. They also provide a poten-tial for port optimization as regards energy efficiency.

To achieve a CO2-neutral port, a holistic approach towardsoptimization of the entire property is in any case required.

Besides the electricity demand, the heating and coolingdemand also need to be considered. Assuming a high pro-portion of in-facility power generation, energy manage-ment thus gets a particularly prominent part to play, sinceits operation must be holistically optimized. An intelligentinfrastructure for power supply with a high degree ofadaptability to rapidly changing requirements, whichintegrates distributed power generation into the localpower grid, is the challenge to be faced. The integrationof distributed power generation, power demand forecastsand plant monitoring are of increasing importance. Anaggravating factor is here that heat energy must be pro-duced on site, since its transportation across long dis-tances would not be profitable. The use of combined heatand power generation plants (CHP) makes increasingsense. However, it must not be forgotten that CHP plantsmust be operated in a heat-controlled manner, this meansthat their dimensioning and mode of operation are de-termined by the heat demand. The electricity which issimultaneously produced is either fed into the grid orutilized in the facility itself. The updated requirementsplaced on power distribution systems and energy man-agement software resulting thereof constitute part of theSmart Grid.

Diagram of a port and its properties

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Smart GridsDifferent international and national organizations havetried to formulate requirements to be placed on futuregrids in the form of definitions. The widely recognizedand frequently used definition of the European technolo-gy platform "Smart Grids" describes the integration andintelligent interplay of grid users with the aim of develop-ing grids in an economic, ecological, safe and sustainablemanner.

The national Smart Grids technology platform definesSmart Grids in a modified form as "electricity grids whichsupport energy- and cost-efficient system operation forfuture requirements by means of a well-matched man-agement using real-time and bi-directional communica-tion between grid components, producers, storage cellsand consumers."

The advantages of Smart Grids are also seen in the reduc-tion of CO2 emissions and higher efficiency of the electri-cal system owing to optimal integration of energy genera-tion from renewable energy sources close to the points ofpower consumption.

Systematic approachA systematic view of the property is composed of threepillars – reduction, deployment and management. Eachpillar bears the potential for energy saving and CO2 reduc-tion, but only a meshed interplay will result in an opti-mum state of affairs.

ReductionReducing energy consumption starts with a consciouson- / off-switching of loads. For example, lighting needn'tbe switched on all day long. Other options are buildinginsulation, a more effective utilization of the air condi-tioning system and the use of energy-saving motors

and/or speed-controlled drives. Further potential for re-duction comes from the replacement of heat generators,heat distributors and investment in heat storage cells inorder to optimally utilize the primary energy sources.

All offers that include energy efficiency solutions contrib-ute to the reduction of the energy demand.

DeploymentThe different types of energy can either be obtained fromthe distribution grid or deployed by "in-facility" genera-tion, i.e. on the port premises.

Since the heat demand of a port is very high, combinedheat and power generation plants are the method ofchoice for in-facility power generation. Geothermal (deepdrilling; close to the surface), thermal solar power sta-tions and refrigeration are also suitable for in-facilitygeneration.

Combined heat and power generation plantsIn-facility power generation by combined heat and powergenerating plants has a 40 % better efficiency in relationto the primary energy demand than separate heat genera-tion using boilers and electricity generation from powerstations. Since the primary energy demand is also respon-sible for CO2 emission, a CHP plant produces ~ 40 % fewerCO2 emissions compared to traditional power generation.

If the primary energy is changed from fossil fuels to re-newables (biomass, biogas), we speak of CO2-neutralenergy generation.

The three pillars of CO2 reduction – separate energy generation versus co-generation

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Energy managementEnergy management coordinates the requirements ofpower consumers and generators of energy.

It comprises energy demand forecasts and deploymentplanning of generating units under the constraints ofoutdoor temperature, solar radiation, cargo movementsand the expected passenger numbers. Characteristic pa-rameters from energy generation and power consumptionare indispensable for monitoring and evaluation.

As mentioned before, heat must be generated on site.This means that demand must be covered under optimalconditions (business management view, minimization ofCO2 emissions). The operation of heat storage containers(filling and emptying) as well as the use of absorbersmust also go into this consideration.

Electric power is normally obtained from the distributiongrid, but it can also be generated on site. All heat pro-cesses require more or less power for their operation. Ifcold is to be produced using compressors, electrical ener-gy is required on a large scale.

For optimal operation, we must precisely distinguish bet-ween in-facility generation and external purchasing.There are schedule clauses in energy procurement con-tracts. "... as far as required, the contract parties agree todraw up a supply schedule in due time before electricity issupplied. This schedule shall be based upon expecteddemand and shall be updated if necessary. In order tokeep the required regulating energy as low as possible,the customer agrees to notify the supplier in writing ofdeviations from normal consumption one week in ad-vance. ...". In-facility generation requires a deploymentschedule for the individual systems in which the start-upand shut-down times as well as the service to be per-formed within the operating phase is described.

Considering the interrelationships of the various energyprocurement and generation possibilities as well as theresulting CO2 emissions, a complex structure is formedwhich needs to be balanced by the energy managementsystem.

Energy procurement and in-facility generation possibilities

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Integrated solutions forpower supply

Software tools, products and systemsTotally Integrated Power comprises software tools forthe design and configuration of power distributionsystems and includes a complete portfolio of products andsystems.

Using communication-capable components, they can beinterfaced with building or industrial automation andhigher-level management systems.

All products at a glanceOur product range comprises medium-voltage switchgearand low-voltage switchboards, transformers, busbartrunking systems, distribution boards as well asprotection, switching, measuring and monitoring devices.We offer quality standards at the highest level inproduction worldwide, for the materials used, and theoperability and functionality of our products and systems.

Qualified expert advice in your areaTotally Integrated Power provides personal andprofessional support for electrical designers in selectedcountries (www.siemens.com/tip-cs/contact). Experiencedand competent experts on the spot and around the globeadvise personally on every question of electric powerdistribution.

Concept for every type of projectOur specialist support ranges from determining thetechnical basis through all the various planning phases upto the preparation of specifications of work and services.It is independent of whether power supply plants arenewly installed, extended or revamped.

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SIHARBOR – onshore powersupply for ships

New challenge in portsShipping is booming continuously, and more and moreships are docking at ports. Of course, this entails prob-lems for the port operators, because the ship also has togenerate power for onboard equipment, shops and airconditioning when berthed. This means that the dieselgenerators commonly used on board also have to runpermanently in the port. This process generates largeamounts of CO2, NOX and dangerous fine particulatematter as well as noise and vibrations.

The emissions of a berthed cruise liner, for example, canbe compared to the environmental pollution of a medi-um-sized city.

With regard to their own employees and the local resi-dents of the port area, the port operators are determinedto cut back the air and noise pollution. With SIHARBOR,Siemens offers a power supply solution with numerousadvantages for the respective operators at the ports.

SIHARBOR – Shore connection for berthed ships

For all voltages and frequenciesWith its modular concept, the system is perfectly adaptedto all power rating, voltage, and frequency requirements.

SIHARBOR uses an isolating transformer to galvanicallyisolate the ship’s network from the onshore power gridand other ship networks.

SIPLINK: Siemens Power LinkSIPLINK is a converter system adapted for power systemapplications. It can connect two or more medium-voltageAC systems with different voltages, phase angles andfrequencies. With SIPLINK, the voltage is adjusted bytransformer tap changing and by modification of theconverter output voltage. Thus, any required transfervoltage to the ship can be implemented.

SIHARBOR: Make ports eco-friendly and efficient

§ Flexible solution for all kinds of onboard gridsindependent of frequency

§ For all voltage levels of the shipping industry

§ Conforms to the international standardsIEC / ISO / IEEE 80005 and IEC 62613-2

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SIESTORAGE – comprehensivecompetence for reliable powersupply

New challenges for distribution gridsWind and solar power have already become key powersources in today’s energy mix. Their penetration and thegrowth of distributed generation have changed the struc-ture of the power grid. Further, the unpredictability ofgeneration capacities from renewables leads to fluctua-tions and imbalances between generation and load, influ-encing grid stability and power quality.

SIESTORAGE provides the solutionThis modular electrical energy storage system fromSiemens safeguards stable and reliable power supply. Itintegrates renewables and optimizes the usage of fossilgeneration to a modern eco-friendly grid.

SIESTORAGE combines cutting-edge power electronics forgrid applications and high-performance Li-ion batteries.

The design of SIESTORAGE can be adapted to specificdemands, and caters for a wide range of applications forport infrastructure.

Improvement of the size and efficiency of gensets

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General planningAt the beginning of the planning process for a port powersupply system, general technical solution options shouldbe considered and the main components of the preferredsolutions determined.

Medium-voltage switchgearMedium-voltage switchgear can either be supplied in gas-insulated or air-insulated design. As a rule, gas-insulatedswitchgear needs less space than an air-insulated design.Gas-insulated switchgear requires no maintenance andcan thus be evaluated more positively under life-cycle costaspects.

TransformersTransformers are available as cast-resin or oil-immersedtransformers. Cast-resin transformers have a lower fireload and can thus be operated inside buildings withoutany problems. This means that medium voltage can befed close to the load centers inside the building. Addi-tional ventilation allows the cast-resin transformer ratingto be increased by 40 %, which enables emergency powerto be supplied in the event of a fault.

Oil-immersed transformers are less expensive and havelower no-load losses, but they must be operated out-doors.

Low-voltage distributionIn fixed-mounted design, the load feeder, comprisingprotective and switch units, is fixed-mounted into thelow-voltage distribution board. In the event of a fault, thedefective device must be isolated, mechanically removedand replaced. A restart is necessary.

The withdrawable unit design is the ideal solution when ahigh availability of feeders and quick adjustments of thepower supply system are required. The load feeder com-prising protection and switching devices is mounted in-side a cassette or drawer which includes the associatedwiring. Connection to the power supply and the controlinterface is made by movable contacts. In the event of afault, the entire drawer is pulled out of the switchboardand replaced by an identically constructed unit duringoperation. This reduces downtime to a minimum.

ConnectionsDue to their design, cables have a much higher fire loadthan busbar trunking systems. In particular in port termi-nals the fire load should be kept as low as possible.Another advantage of busbar trunking systems is theirvariable adaptability to changes in use*). Busbar trunkingsystems consist of copper or aluminum bars, which areguided in a metal casing by means of spacer bolts. Apartfrom the spacer bolts and paint finish of the metal casing,there is no combustible material.

Since the equipment is powered from the busbar trunkingusing tap-off units – which can be placed elsewhere atany time during ongoing operation*) – it is easier to de-sign routes and make wall/floor openings in flame-proofdesign. The costs of maintenance and operation are low-er, since the protective components of the load feedersare placed inside the tap-off units. When tap-off units aremoved, these protection and switching components goalong with them.

CommunicationBasically, it is only possible to locally test and operate con-ventional power distribution systems. Therefore, measu-red values can only be acquired manually.

Communication-capable power distribution systems canbe interfaced with operator control and monitoring sys-tems at control desks. The status of the protective com-ponents can be detected and visualized, remote circuit-breaker switching is possible from the control desk. Be-sides status acquisition and control, measured values canalso be taken, displayed and archived. The display andarchiving of measured values relating to power distribu-tion will become ever more important in the future, sincecharacteristic energy values are based on these measure-ments – kWh per passenger or per TEU, kWh per sqmstorage or reefer container.

*) In accordance with EN 50110-1 (VDE 0105-1); pleasealways observe national regulations and standards.

General decisions at the start of planning

Switchgear systems

Gas Air

Transformer

Dry-type Oil-immersed

Low-voltage distribution

Withdrawable unit Fixed mounting

Connections

Busbars Cables

Communication

Measuring / Control

Yes No

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Energy consumption characteristicsAs planning proceeds through its various phases from theestablishment of basic facts and preliminary planning tothe invitation to tender individual works and services, thetechnical and economic criteria are becoming increasinglyrefined and this is reflected in the general requirements.

Since these values are unique worldwide, they aresuitable as reference values for existing ports.

Planning criteriaPlanning electric power distribution as part of the port asa whole must fulfill defined principles.

First of all, the structure of power distribution shall beout-lined. Where are the load centers? Where shall thetransformers be placed? How shall the individual supplysystems – normal supply, emergency power supply,uninterruptible power supply – be designed?

When evaluating the availability and safety of the powersupply to be installed, operational concerns as well asgovernmental stipulations must be included. TerminalOperating System (TOS), the beacons and all relatedsafety and security equipment must never be withoutelectricity, this makes emergency power supply as well asuninterruptible power supply mandatory. Inside theterminals, the emergency lighting, selected equipmentand the lifts – as a minimum requirement – need to beconnected to an emergency power supply system.

Planning criteria

Medium-voltage / low-voltage requirements

Planning criteria Tendering

§ System configuration§ Availability / safety§ Protection against

overcurrent(short-circuit, overload)§ Voltage drop§ Protection against

electric shock(personal protection)§ Selectivity§ EMC (electromagnetic

compatibility)§ Requirements imposed

by the Safety Authority

§ Cabling§ Manpower§ Cables§ Busbars§ Transformers§ Switchgear cabinets§ Protective devices

Protection against overcurrent includes the rating andsetting of the circuit-breakers, miniature circuit-breakersand fuses. The short-circuit current calculation and theload flow calculation form the basis for this rating.

In accordance with EN 50160 and EN 16001, respectively,the operating voltage present at items of equipment inindustrial plants must be in Electromagnetic EnvironmentClass 2 within a tolerance band of ± 10 % of the normaloperating voltage (230 V / 400 V AC). This requirementmay necessitate a higher cable cross section with longcable routings.

Protection against electric shock implements the require-ments placed on personal protection. Protection againstelectric shock is attained from a suitable earthing concept(Safety Class I) or by insulation (Safety Class II).

If there is a fault in the electric supply system(short circuit, overload), only that device is to trip which isdirectly upstream of the fault location. This applies to"communal facilities", i.e. areas where people congregate,or other customer-specified areas. This requirement iscalled selectivity. This criterion ensures that a short circuitin a socket, for instance, does not completely interruptthe power supply for the entire building corridor or eventhe whole building.

The observance of limit values for electromagnetic com-patibility (EMC) protects third-party systems against elec-trical radiation which might cause faults. Problems arisein 50-Hz systems in case of incorrect earthing conceptsfor the power sources. This can be noticed, for instance,from crackling noise during loudspeaker announcements.

Besides the usual standards in the port sector, the specificrequirements of the local Safety Authority must also beconsidered.

Planning ends with the tender specification for the elec-tric power distribution system. This tender specificationdescribes all the equipment – such as cables includingdimensioning, length, design and installation type, bus-bar systems and their lengths and tap-off units, trans-formers including dimensioning and technical require-ments; switchgear cabinets including their switching andprotective devices, mounting instructions and technicalrequirements – as well as the manpower required for thecomplete installation, testing and acceptance procedure.

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Diagram of a port-specific power distribution conceptReliability of supply and availability are the principalrequirements placed on electric power supply in all partsof a port. Generally, the feed-in systems are laid outredundantly, starting from a simple load transfer reserve(standard safety, e.g. yards, etc.) to an immediate reservein the medium-voltage network or substations with safetysupply (high safety, e.g. for terminals and shipping area,reefer container, etc.) up to the substations with safetypower supply and uninterruptible power supply(maximum safety, e.g. for the beacons, IT (TOS), etc.; seediagram "Electric power supply design principles for aport").

In this context, national standards and standards on theerection of electrical installations, International MaritimeOrganization (IMO) standards and customer/operatorrequirements must also be observed.

Depending on the power and energy demand, these feed-in systems can also be supplied directly from the medium-voltage grid of the line-side transmission system operator,from in-facility transformer substations (≤ 145 kV), oreven from the ultra-high-voltage grid (≤ 400 kV).

In-facility generation of any form of electrical energy onthe port premises is comprised under the term of powercenter. Dependant on the degree of reliability of supplyand the operating philosophy of the sub-ordinatemedium-voltage distribution grid with its substations– even under fault conditions – the main feed-in systemsand/or power centers are designed as single or doublebusbar system with several busbar sections. In case ofcentral safety and standby power supply, several medium-voltage rings or lines are built up strictly separatedaccording to their function as normal and standby powersupply or safety power supply.

In addition to the generating units required for safetypower supply, more power generating systems such ascombined heat and power stations (CHP) and renewableenergy sources such as photovoltaic systems, windturbines, geothermal energy etc. can be integrated intothe power center.

Electric power supply design principles for a port

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Example for a main feed-in system with power center

Example for the layout of a substation in the maximum safety category

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According to their importance and the supply philosophyof the system operator, the sub-ordinate substations inthe medium-voltage rings are either designed as switchesor circuit-breakers. This affects operation of the medium-voltage grid:

§ as load transfer reserve with open rings or lines in caseof switch design

§ as immediate reserve with closed rings or lines withcircuit-breaker design and appropriate protection

The layout of the substations themselves and their spatialallocation, or separation, must be matched according totheir supply reliability and relevance (see diagram"Example for the layout of a substation in the maximumsafety category", page 14, bottom).

Instrumentation and controlDepending on the size of the port, its power supplysystem will attain a dimension and an energyconsumption that equals that of a small or medium-sizetown. However, much higher requirements are placed onits reliability of supply and reliability in general. Thegreater complexity of its substations is not to beneglected either. For this reason, the tasks of powersystem management are more diverse and complex. This,in turn, necessitates a high-capacity instrumentation andcontrol system (I&C).

In addition to the aspect of supply reliability, theacquisition of energy flow data within the power systemusing measuring technology – on the medium- and low-voltage side – will play an increasingly important part inorder, for instance, to use equipment to capacity,establish power consumption, allocate cost centers, andmore.

A substation control system from the SICAM system is theright solution for small and medium-sized ports.

Larger ports should be controlled with the SpectrumPower control system for grids.

In addition, Spectrum Power has a forecasting function.This enables an energy demand forecast, as required byenergy suppliers.

Operator control and monitoringThe electric power distribution system is operated andmonitored from the I&C system. The operating andmonitoring software is based on standard operatingsystems and standard applications. It has special featuresfor the visualization and control of electric powerdistribution by means of measured value displays and therepresentation of switch component statuses. A fault andsignaling log contains limit-value violations ofmeasurands and documentation of switching operationsfrom the control desk or on site. The graphic presentationof measured values in the form of curves is also part ofthe functional scope. Automatic switching sequences canbe saved event-controlled, i.e. in case of a cable defect inopen-operated ring systems, operation is automaticallyswitched over to the unaffected half of the ring andsupply is restored.

The advantage of closed-operated ring systems and theircorresponding protection systems (cable differentialprotection) is that cable faults do not result in an inter-ruption of supply. A status message allows cable repairmeasures to be initiated quickly.

All data is stored in archives and can be exploited for cost-center allocations, utilization profiles, reserve evaluationsetc. Furthermore, characteristic values, such as utilizationas information about the ratio of overload current tomaximum operating current, can also be created.

The special communication requirements of electricpower distribution systems are specified in the IEC 61850standard and IEC 60870-5, respectively.

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Instrumentation & control for electric power distribution

Measurement procedures in electric power distribution

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MeasurementWithin the electric power distribution system there is onlythe option to take measurements of current and voltage.At the low-voltage level, voltages are directly applied tothe measuring instruments; in case of higher voltages,voltage transformers are used which standardize tovoltages in a measurement range of 0 to 100 V.

Currents are connected to the measuring instruments viacurrent transformers. The currents to be measured arestandardized to 1 A or 5 A.

Measured values can be displayed as analogue values,as standardized signals (0 – 20 mA / 4 – 20 mA / ±10 V /pulses) or transmitted through an interface.

Equipment such as

§ SENTRON 3VA molded-case circuit-breakers

§ 3WL air circuit-breakers

§ multi-function measuring instruments from theSENTRON PAC series or SICAM P

§ motor protection using SIMOCODE

§ SIPROTEC medium-voltage protective devices

can deploy measured values on a data interface.This data interface is supported by various protocols suchas PROFIBUS, Industrial ETHERNET, BAC-Net, Modbus andIEC 61850.

Measurement procedures in electric power distribution systems

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Status acquisition and controlWithin the electric power distribution system, there is theoption of performing the status acquisitions and controlof switching devices from an operator control and moni-toring system.

The auxiliary current switches for the digital signals"ON" / "OFF" / "tripped" can be optionally ordered or retro-fitted into existing distribution systems. If withdrawableunit types are used, an additional signal 'Unit in operatingposition' can be implemented.

It is also possible to use a motorized operating mecha-nism for remote switching of circuit-breakers. This ena-bles on-and-off switching and a reset after a breaker trip.

In many cases, circuit-breakers also feature off-switchingby means of voltage or undervoltage releases. Thisswitching is faster, since the voltage-undervoltage coildirectly acts on the tripping mechanism.

When tripping on voltage is used, off-switching is per-formed by applying a voltage. When tripping on under-voltage is used, the breaker switches as soon as the volt-age is interrupted. With this type of switching, the devicealways goes to OFF when the voltage is interrupted.

Characteristic valuesCharacteristic values, in particular characteristic energyvalues, assist in evaluating buildings, installations andusers. They provide a good basis for making comparisonsof different time ranges or comparable facilities.

The energy purchase of the entire port, accumulated overone year as related to the number of passengers and / orcargo moved over the same period allows a comparisonwith previous years or other ports to be made. The samecalculation and evaluation can also be applied to the heatconsumed and to parts of the port property, such as ter-minals and buildings.

The analysis of energy consumption characteristics andthe associated areas of the port produce a characteristicvalue which represents the energy efficiency of the portor its individual buildings.

The period of use is a characteristic value for the utiliza-tion of energy feed-in, but it can also be called on to ana-lyze a generating unit.

The period of use is calculated from the quotient of totalenergy over e.g. 12 months and the highest load duringthis period (period of use: H = Work [kWh] / Pmax [kW]).

Status acquisition and control of electric power distribution systems

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Selected examples:

Low-voltage feeder at the double busbar systemInside ports, double busbar systems are common in themain power feed-in systems and in the power center.However, this redundancy is not carried on at the low-voltage level. The low-voltage feeder is connected by acombination of two disconnectors and a circuit-breaker.

Both disconncectors (a and b) are interlocked in such away (either / or), that only one busbar is enabled tosupply the circuit-breaker (c) and thus the low-voltagefeeder. The circuit-breaker (c) takes on transformer pro-tection (also see "Example of a main feed-in system withpower center" on page14).

Direct supply of important power consumersElectricity supply to dedicated low-voltage power con-sumers (loads) is divided into lines. In each main distribu-tion board, every line is assigned to one feeder. In thesub-distribution system, which is placed on the portpremises close to the power consumer, every consumer issupplied through its own protective and switching devicecombination.

This method of supply corresponds to a radial network.A cable must be laid from the sub-distribution board toevery important power consumer.

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Use of busbar trunking systemsBusbar trunking systems are supplied from a feeder of themain distribution board. Each of the power consumers inthe busbar system is supplied from a tap-off unit, inwhich the protective components for feeder protectionare accommodated.

These features bring about a simple, clear-cut networktopology. New requirements placed on the distribution,arising during use, retrofitting of new tap-off units orshifting of existing tap-off units is easily possible at anytime*).

A variety of type sizes from 40 A to 6,300 A, a highdegree of protection and a low fire load make busbartrunking systems the ideal supply systems for ports.

*) In accordance with EN 50110-1 (VDE 0105-1); pleasealways observe national regulations/standards.

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Supply concept for shop areasShop areas, e.g. in cruise terminals should be highly varia-ble in terms of tenancy structure. It must be possible toquickly adapt these areas to changed tenancy sizes andpower demand quantities. A common practice is splittingup the shop areas into fixed units, which are combined ifrequired.Every shop unit is equipped with an ALPHA distributionboard which has a feed-in unit. Any further method of

distribution is up to the tenants, who can design the dis-tribution inside the ALPHA distribution board according totheir own requirements. When a new tenancy is begun,the new tenancy structure can be implemented quickly.

The ALPHA distribution boards are supplied from sub-distribution boards. This is where the energy meteringunit is to be installed as standard. This measurementallows for user-oriented energy billing.

Supply concept for shop areas in the port cruise terminal area

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Supply concept for floor box sockets

... With distribution cubeEach floor box is power-supplied by distribution cubes inthe false floor via two independent supply cables(3x2.5mm²) cut to length that can be plugged from oneside. The cubes themselves are wired through feederleads to the tap-off units with integrated miniaturecircuit-breakers in the false floor. They are situated on thecentrally routed busbar in the corridor. Each cube feederlead is always assigned to one specific 1-pole miniaturecircuit-breaker.

... With direct connection to the busbar trunkingsystemEach floor box is directly supplied from two independentsupply cables (3x2.5 mm²) cut to length that can beplugged from one side. The supply cables are pluggeddirectly into the tap-off units of the busbar in the falsefloor. This busbar is located at a central position, here inthe corridor. On every busbar tap-off unit there are threeplug points wired to one 1-pole miniature circuit-breaker.

The supply concept for floor box sockets featuringdirect connection to the busbar trunking system hasthe following advantages:

§ Selectivity evaluation between protection of the floorbox sockets to the super-ordinate feeder protection ofthe main supply busbar in the rising duct is simplified.

§ The short-circuit current carrying capacity of theprotective devices in the tap-off unit of the corridorbusbar trunking can – under certain circumstances –be reduced in some areas compared to centrallylocated protective devices in the central distributionspot close to the rising zone. This solution result in costsavings when implementing VDE 0100 Part 410: "Useof RCDs (residual current-operated device) in socketcircuit up to 20 A”. Moreover, this resolves spaceproblems arising from the integration of RCDs intobusbar trunking tap-off units.

§ Selectivity in case of earth faults is limited to fewfeeders, a back-up fuse for the RCD can be abandoned.When the RCD trips, the switched miniature circuit-breaker to be reclosed is right there in the corridor atthe level of the tripped floor box, i.e. at the workplace.

§ Due to the fixed spatial assignment of the floor boxesto tap-off units, the operating personnel can respondmore quickly when trying to locate the trippedprotective device. It is no longer necessary to perform atime-consuming search in the architectural diagram forelectrical installations, trying to identify those circuitsand assign them to the distribution board plan.

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Totally Integrated Power –Power for challenging environments –

Reliable. Safe. Efficient.Siemens has accumulated nearly 170 years of know-howin the field of electric power generation and distribution.

From power stations and generators, units for furtherpower distribution including the required protective andswitching components, and transformers, and down theline to switches and sockets, Siemens can offer a widerange of products.

Portfolio for electric power distributionConnecting Switching and protecting Energy

automation

High voltage> 52 kV

Overhead line

GIL *) Transformersoil-immersed

Powertransformer

Prot

ectin

g,co

ntro

lling

and

mon

itorin

g

SIPR

OTE

C,S

ICAM

Mediumvoltage1 kV – 52 kV

Overhead lineSwitchgear

Gas-insulated

8DA / 8DBNXPLUS CNXPLUS C Wind8DJH / 8DJH 36

Air-insulated

8BT1 / 8BT2NXAIRSIMOSEC

CablesTransformers

Cast-resin GEAFOL

Oil-immersed TUMETIC

Low voltage< 1 kV

Cables

Power distribution boards SIVACON S8

Busb

artru

nkin

gsy

stem

s

SIVA

CO

N8P

S Distribution boards ALPHA

Drives SINAMICSSIMOTION

*) GIL: gas-insulated transmission line

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Electric power distribution

High-voltage transformersThe power transformers linking high- and medium-voltage grids are standardized oil-insulated transformers.Rated voltages up to 145 kV and transmission capacitiesup to 63 MVA (with forced-air cooling up to 100 MVA) arefeasible.

Medium-voltage switchgearGas-insulated (SF6) medium-voltage switchgear is factory-assembled, type-tested and requires no maintenance. It isavailable in single-phase encapsulated or 3-phase encap-sulated panels in single or double busbar design and gas-tight for decades. 3-phase encapsulated design versionsare based on the well proven completely welded, stainlesssteel tank concept.

Air-insulated medium-voltage switchgear is type-testedfeaturing 10-year-plus maintenance intervals.

Furthermore, the individual type series differ in the typeof partitioning and their options as regards add-on mod-ules and block-type design.

Gas-insulated medium-voltage switchgear

Type series Rated voltage up to Max. busbar rated current Short-circuit current

8DA / 8DB 40.5 kV 4,000 A 40 kA

NXPLUS C 24 kV 2,500 A 25 kA

NXPLUS C Wind 36 kV 1,000 A 20 kA

8DJH 24 kV 630 A 20 kA

8DJH 36 36 kV 630 A 20 kA

Air-insulated medium-voltage switchgear

Type series Rated voltage up to Max. busbar rated current Short-circuit current

8BT1 24 kV 2,000 A 25 kA

8BT2 36 kV 3,150 A 31.5 kA

NXAIR 17,5 kV 4,000 A 50 kA

NXAIR 24 kV 2,500 A 25 kA

SIMOSEC 24 kV 1,250 A 25 kA

Small transformer feed-in systems as provided by thetransmission system operator are supplied by ring-maincable panels. They consist of a combination of switchgear– comprising two ring- main feeders and a transformerfeeder. If this transformer feeder serves as a point of sup-ply from the transmission system operator to the custom-er, then the medium-voltage side transformer feeder isextended by a metering panel. This metering panel con-tains current and voltage transformers and the kW-meter.

Ring-main cable panel

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Distribution transformersGEAFOL dry-type transformers are cast-resin-insulatedand thus flame-retardant and self-extinguishing. They donot emit toxic gases in case of fire, thus fulfilling thehighest safety category. This high quality standard is alsodemonstrated in absence from partial discharge up todouble the nominal voltage. This substantially adds totheir long service life. The use of external ventilation(cross-flow fan) can enhance the nominal power rating ofthe GEAFOL transformer up to 40 % without any impair-ments on its service life. In case of plant faults, emergen-cy supply can thus be provided by the existing equipmentpool.

GEAFOL transformers are available up to an operatingvoltage of 36 kV and a transmission power of 16 MVA.

Oil-immersed transformers of the TUMETIC series aredesigned with a hermetically sealed tank without conser-vator.

Oil-immersed GEAFOL transformers are available up to anoperating voltage of 36 kV and a transmission power of2.5 MVA.

More info: www.siemens.com/geafol

Low-voltage sub-distribution boardsThe ALPHA product range comprises small distributionboards, meter cabinets, wall- and floor-mounted distribu-tion boards as well as molded-plastic distributionsystems. ALPHA distribution boards are rated for an oper-ating voltage of 690 V and a maximum rated current of1,600 A.

The SENTRON technology for low-voltage switching andprotection provides a well-matched device range in theALPHA distribution boards for line protection, personaland fire protection, lightning current and overvoltageprotection as well as equipment and plant protection.

More info: www.siemens.com/alpha

Low-voltage busbar trunking systemsSIVACON 8PS as a no-maintenance, type-tested busbartrunking system is flame-retardant self-extinguishing andis thus characterized by maximum safety. These systemsare rated for an operating voltage up to 1,000 V and amaximum rated current of 6,300 A.

More info: www.siemens.com/busbar

Low-voltage switchboards and switchgear cabinetsSIVACON switchboards are design verified in accordancewith IEC 61439-2, arc-fault-tested for maximum personalsafety, earthquake-resistant, certified for marine applica-tions and available up to IP54 degree of protection. Withinthis system, feed-in panels, couplings and feeders infixed-mounted design, plug design or withdrawable-unitdesign can be implemented. Feeder design may also bemixed, if required.

The SIVACON S4 type series is a pure delivery transaction.This means, the components and assembly kits are pur-chased from Siemens and assembled on site by a qualifiedinstallation company.

SIVACON S8 switchboards are rated for an operating volt-age of 690 V and a maximum rated current of 7,000 A.

SIVACON switchboards are equipped with SENTRONswitching devices. They ensure safe switching and protec-tion of the feeders and power consumers.

More info: www.siemens.com/sivacon-s8

SIVACON 8PS busbar trunking systems

Type series Rated current Type of construction

BD01 40 – 160 A Ventilated system

BD2 160 – 1,250 A Ventilated system

LD 1,100 – 5,000 A Ventilated system

LI 800 – 6,300 A Sandwich system

LR 400 – 6,300 A Cast resin system

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Protecting, controlling and monitoring(energy automation)SIPROTEC protective devices are the basis for energyautomation. They cover the functional scope of overcur-rent-time protection, differential protection, distanceprotection, generator and motor protection, transformerdifferential protection and busbar differential protection.Besides their protective function, SIPROTEC protectivedevices also handle measurements of electrical quantitiesand control functions of the switchgear.

SIPROTEC protective devices are configured and parame-terized in an application-specific manner. They can beeasily and flexibly adapted to current plant requirements.In addition, SIPROTEC devices also take on automatingfunctions such as interlocking of switching devices ifrequired. Users are enabled to create their own automa-tion solutions with the integrated graphical logic editor.SIPROTEC provides powerful analysis options for fast ana-lysis of operational malfunctions.

The SICAM and SPECTRUM power substation and gridcontrol systems are operator control and monitoring sys-tems featuring data archiving and special functions forenergy automation, which typically are the managementof switching sequences / interlocks, the monitoring ofpower quality, load management, generator manage-ment, synchronizations, and busbar coupling.

More info:www.siemens.com/siprotecwww.siemens.com/sicam

Energy optimization

Building installationsBuilding management systems are responsible for theeconomic efficiency, safety, security and convenienceinside a building. The GAMMA instabus-KNX buildingmanagement system controls the lighting, shading, androom temperature.

Building control systemsSiemens offers a comprehensive product portfolio for theentire field of building control. This starts with heating,ventilation and air conditioning systems and their signalacquisition and automation components, safety systemsincluding fire alarm systems as well as monitoring andvideo surveillance systems through to building con-tracting.

LightingIn the field of building lighting, as well as field and navi-gation lighting, the use of modern luminaries with effec-tive luminous elements provides for a substantial savingpotential. Navigation lighting is mentioned here as anexample: navigation lights using LEDs as luminous ele-ments require 65 % less energy compared to halogen-typeluminous elements. Considering the numbers of lightsrequired, this is a saving potential that should not beunderestimated.

DrivesIn process automation, such as in the container transportsystem, energy-saving motors and soft starters are availa-ble for jerk-free starting. If material quantities are not tobe conveyed or moved continuously but in variable quan-tities, then speed-controlled drives are an absolute mustfor their energy-efficient operation.

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Planning toolsPlanning tools support electrical designers in bothdesigning the electric power distribution system and inadhering to the statutory provisions.

SINCALPSS®SINCAL (Siemens Network Calculation) is a compre-hensive, high-end power system analysis software solu-tion for the simulation, evaluation and optimization ofsupply grids. It is not only capable of calculating radialnetworks, but can also calculate ring and meshed net-works. Besides the analysis of symmetrical loads, thesoftware also handles unsymmetrical loads.

Whilst SINCAL is mainly used at the high-voltage level andfor medium-voltage grids, gas, water, and heating supplygrids can also be calculated.

SIMARIS designSIMARIS design is a power system calculation and dimen-sioning software for radial systems from medium-voltagefeed-in to final consumers. It facilitates electrical plan-ning, including short-circuit current calculation, on thebasis of real products with minimum input.

In addition, the power system design software supportsthe calculation of short-circuit current, load flow, voltagedrop and energy balance.

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SIMARIS planning toolsprovide efficient support

It has never been easy to plan electrical power distribu-tion systems for commercial, institutional and industrialbuildings. This requires a lot of know-how and experi-ence. Having an experienced partner at their side enableselectrical designers to implement their conceptualknowledge faster and more easily and focus on what isimportant. To this end, Siemens renders comprehensivesupport with the SIMARIS design, SIMARIS project andSIMARIS curves software tools as well as with technicalplanning guides. This support ranges from the preliminaryplanning stage through to implementation planning.

Planning power distribution

The SIMARIS design dimensioning software for planningelectric power systems determines an assured solutionaccording to the accepted rules of good installation prac-tice and all applicable standards (VDE, IEC) based on thespecific requirements of the power distribution system.This solution is derived from the versatility of our productportfolio – ranging from medium-voltage feed-in to thepower consumers.

Suitable components are selected automatically.Time-consuming research into specific product data incatalogs is a thing of the past.

Our free-of-charge SIMARIS project software tool helpsyou create configuration documents for suitable distribu-tion boards and their associated protection and switchingdevices in a fast, easy and transparent way reflecting thespace and budget requirements of the project. In addi-tion, you can output a complete tender specification textin GAEB D81 or RTF format (either in German or English).

Our free-of-charge SIMARIS curves software visualizes thecharacteristic tripping curves and their tolerance bandsrelated to the low-voltage protective devices and fuses(IEC). In doing so, device parameter settings can be simu-lated. Characteristic cut-off current and let-through ener-gy curves are also available for display and documenta-tion.

More info: www.siemens.com/simaris

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Integration is the keyIn cooperation with the electrical designer, Siemens develops solutions for power distribution in ports which take into ac-count all operator requirements from the outset. Here, a single supplier provides the well-matched products and systemsfor an integrated solution. The following projects may serve as examples for the effective use and great benefit of TotallyIntegrated Power for power distribution at ports:

Reference project:Lübeck Port / TransAtlanticSolution:§ SIHARBOR solution of 6.0 kV with complete integration

of all the components in a container

§ Shore side connection point at the jetty wall

Results:§ Complete integration from a single source

§ Reduced noise and vibration in the neighbourhood

§ Reliable and secured energy supply to the ships

Flensburg ShipyardSolution:§ Compact and flexible containerized solution with

complete integration of the components erected at aheight of 8 meters.

Results:§ Complete integration from a single source

§ Reduced emissions

§ Reduced noise and vibration in the neighbourhood

§ Reliable and secure energy supply for the ships

§ Saved energy costs during generator tests

Reference project:Qatar’s new Hamad PortA megaproject, with a sizeable energy managementpackage Siemens’ E-Houses are customized, fullyequipped modular power substations for a fast andreliable power supply. They accommodate a comprehen-sive portfolio of medium-voltage switchgear, low-voltageswitchboards, power management and auxiliary systems.This allows for fast and easy installation and can be up-graded, using available space optimally. They offer a time-efficient and cost-effective alternative to conventionalsite-built substations for a wide range of applications.

SIESTORAGE installations at thegrid of ENEL (Italy´s largestenergy supplier)§ Installation and commissioning in 2012 – 1MVA/500

kWh

§ Reduced construction risks and reduced installationtime

§ Power supply solution including substation equipment(transformers…)

§ Energy automation and integration into the grid

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Published by© Siemens AG 2017

Energy ManagementMedium Voltage & SystemsMozartstr. 31c91052 Erlangen, Germany

For further information please contact:E-mail: consultant-support.tip@siemens.com

April 2017

Subject to changes and errors. The information givenin this document only contains general descriptionsand/or performance features which may not alwaysspecifically reflect those described, or which mayundergo modification in the course of furtherdevelopment of the products. The requestedperformance features are binding only when they areexpressly agreed upon in the concluded contract.

Totally Integrated Power, SIMARIS, SIPROTEC,SIVACON, SENTRON und SIMATIC are registeredtrademarks of Siemens AG. Any unauthorized use isprohibited. All other designations in this documentmay represent trademarks whose use by third partiesfor their own purposes may violate the proprietaryrights of the owner.

siemens.com/tip-ports