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Touchdown AutorotationsA Guide to Crashing Gently
Instructor
• Captain Mike Becker• Chief Flight Instructor
at Becker Helicopters• 15,000 hours • Day, Night, NVG, IFR,
Multi• 29 years in the industry
Course Aim
To discuss and explain the autorotation
to a full touchdown.
Course Objectives
• Entry• Descent• Flare• Termination• Questions
Roles
My Role• Facilitator• Teacher• Keep the class on
topic• Listen and share
experiences
Your Role• Have an enquiring
mind• Ask questions• Stay on topic• Participate and share
your experiences
Enter
Entry:1. Lower Collective – all the
way, positively2. Look outside – Horizon
• Attitude – 60 kts – Cyclic
• Keep straight – pedals3. Turn into wind and pick a
spot.
Enter
Descent
Checks
Descent Checks:
1. N1 – Engine idling2. NR – Rotor RPM in the
green3. Balance4. Speed5. Mayday call6. Trouble checks and secure
aircraft7. Passenger Brief
Enter
Descent
Checks
Decision Height:
Passing through 500 feet, the instructor needs to decide:1. Go around2. Power termination3. Full touchdown Auto
Decision
Height
Enter
Descent
Checks
Flare75-
100ft
Flare:
What does the flare do?1. Reduces speed2. Reduces rate of descent
Three flare effects:3. ?4. ?5. ?
Decision
Height
Decision
Height
Enter
Descent
Checks
Flare75-
100ft
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
AirflowRelative Airflow
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
AirflowRelative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
AirflowRelative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
HorizontalTotal Rotor Thrust
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
AirflowRelative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
AirflowRelative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Plane of Rotation
Rate of DescentAirflow
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
AirflowRelative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Plane of Rotation
Rate of DescentAirflow
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Flare:
What does the flare do?1. Reduces speed2. Reduces rate of descent
Three flare effects:3. ?4. ?5. ?
Increase in Rotor Thrust
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Flare:
What does the flare do?1. Reduces speed2. Reduces rate of descent
Three flare effects:3. Increase in total rotor thrust4. ?5. ?
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
AirflowRelative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Plane of Rotation
Rate of DescentAirflow
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Thrust reversal
Flare:
What does the flare do?1. Reduces speed2. Reduces rate of descent
Three flare effects:3. Increase in total rotor thrust4. Thrust reversal5. ?
Total Rotor Thrust
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
AirflowRelative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Plane of Rotation
Rate of DescentAirflow
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Increase in Rotor RPM
Enter
Descent
Checks
Flare75-
100ftDevelo
p
Hold
Flare:1. Develop2. Hold
Decision
Height
Enter
Descent
Checks
Develop
Hold
Initial10ft
Flare75-
100ft
Flare:1. Develop2. Hold3. Initial
Decision
Height
Plane of Rotation
Rate of DescentAirflow
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
AirflowRelative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Total
Rotor
ThrustRate of Descent
Airflow
Plane of Rotation
Relative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Rate of DescentAirflowPlane of Rotation
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Rate of DescentAirflowPlane of Rotation
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Rate of DescentAirflow
Plane of Rotation
Relative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Plane of RotationRate of Descent
Airflow
Plane of Rotation
Relative Airflow
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Rate of DescentAirflowPlane of Rotation
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Rate of DescentAirflow
Plane of Rotation
Relative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Rate of DescentAirflow
Plane of Rotation
Relative Airflow
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Angle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Rate of DescentAirflowPlane of Rotation
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Rate of DescentAirflow
Plane of Rotation
Relative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Rate of DescentAirflow
Plane of Rotation
Relative Airflow
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Angle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Vertical
Horizontal
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Weight
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Enter
Descent
Checks
Flare
Develop
Hold
Initial10ft
Level5ft
Flare75-
100ft
Flare:1. Develop2. Hold3. Initial4. Level
Decision
Height
Weight
Plane of Rotation
Rate of DescentAirflowPlane of Rotation
Relative AirflowAngle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Rate of DescentAirflow
Plane of Rotation
Relative Airflow
Angle ofAttack
Total Rotor Thrust
Rate of DescentAirflow
Plane of Rotation
Relative Airflow
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Vertical
Weight
Horizontal
Angle ofAttack
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Vertical
Total Rotor Thrust
Total Rotor Thrust
Horizontal
Total
Rotor
Thrust
Let’s take a closer look at what is happening…
Enter
Descent
Checks
Flare75-
100ftDevelo
p
Hold
Initial10ft
Level5ft
Sink
Pull to Cushio
n
Flare:1. Develop2. Hold3. Initial4. Level5. Sink6. Pull to cushion on7. Keep straight8. Lock cyclic – neutral or
slightly forward9. Once stopped, lower
collectiveDecisio
n Height
Enter
Descent
Checks
Flare75-
100ftDevelo
p
Hold
Initial10ft
Level5ft
Sink
Pull to Cushio
n
Decision
Height
