Tourism Industry - India 2010

8/14/2019 Tourism Industry - India 2010

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@fiu~ Kdnk`d îuvksl @s zev ~he ^v`qec `dn îuvksl Oilze~k~kqedess Veziv~ 6::; f{ ~he ]ivcn

Eoidilko Aivul# Kdnk` ks v`dgen 00 ~h kd ~he @sk` Zòkako vemkid `dn 16 dn

iqev`cc# liqkdm uz ~hvee zcòes id ~he cks~ ia ~he }ivcn-s `~~vò~kqe nes~kd`~kids$ K~ ks v`dgen ~he 0> ~h fes~ ~iuvks~ nes~kd`~kid aiv k~s d`~uv`c vesiuvoes `dn 6> ~h

aiv k~s ouc~uv`c vesiuvoes# }k~h l`d{ ]ivcn Hevk~`me sk~es# fi~h d`~uv`c `dnouc~uv`c# vkoh aùd`# `dn s~vidm ove`~kqe kdnus~vkes kd ~he oiud~v{$

Kdnk` `csi f`mmen ?= ~h v`dg aiv k~s `kv ~v`dsziv~ de~}ivg$ ^he Kdnk` ~v`qec `dn~iuvksl kdnus~v{ v`dgen 5 ~h kd ~he cidm,~evl (0:,{e`v+ mvi}~h `dn ks exzeo~en ~ife ~he seoidn c`vmes~ elzci{ev kd ~he }ivcn f{ 6:0;$

Kdnk` h`s feed v`dgen ~he fes~ oiud~v{ fv`dn aiv q`cue,aiv,lide{ kd ~heOiud~v{ Fv`dn Kdnex (OFK+ suvqe{ oidnuo~en f{ Au~uve Fv`dn# ` ce`nkdm mcif`cfv`dn oidsuc~`do{$

Kdnk` `csi oc`klen ~he seoidn zcòe kd OFKs fes~ oiud~v{ fv`dn aiv hks~iv{# `s}ecc `s `zze`vs `lidm ~he ~iz 5 kd ~he fes~ oiud~v{ fv`dn aiv ù~hed~kok~{ `dn`v~ ! ouc~uve# `dn ~he aiuv~h fes~ de} oiud~v{ aiv fuskdess$

Kdnk` l`ne k~ ~i ~he cks~ ia &vkskdm s~`vs& iv ~he oiud~vkes ~h`~ `ve ckgec{ ~ifeoile l`biv ~iuvks~ nes~kd`~kids kd ~he dex~ akqe {e`vs# cen f{ ~he Udk~en @v`fElkv`~es# Ohkd`# `dn Qke~d`l$


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Oid~vkfu~kid ~i ~he eoidil{

@ooivnkdm ~i ~he ^v`qec ! îuvksl Oilze~k~kqedess Veziv~ 6::;fviumh~ iu~ f{ ~he ]ivcn Eoidilko Aivul# ~he oid~vkfu~kid ia ~v`qec `dn ~iuvksl ~i mviss niles~ko zvinuo~ (MNZ+ ks exzeo~en ~ife `~ 1$: zev oed~ (U_. 1=$? fkcckid+ kd 6::; vkskdm ~i U_. 08=$?fkcckid f{ 6:0;$

^he veziv~ `csi s~`~es ~h`~ ve`c MNZ mvi}~h aiv ~v`qec `dn ~iuvksl

eoidil{ ks exzeo~en ~i fe :$6 zev oed~ kd 6::; `dn ~i `d `qev`me=$= zev oed~ zev `ddul iqev ~he oilkdm 0: {e`vs$ Exziv~ e`vdkdmsavil kd~evd`~kid`c qksk~ivs `dn ~iuvksl miins `ve exzeo~en ~imedev`~e 1$: zev oed~ ia ~i~`c exziv~s (`clis~ U_. 01$; fkcckid+ kd6::;# mvi}kdm (dilkd`c ~evls+ ~i U_. 50$> fkcckid kd 6:0;$

^he ~v`qec `dn ~iuvksl seo~iv }hkoh òoiud~s aiv 1$> zev oed~ ia ~i~`c elzci{led~ iv 0 kd eqev{ 05$1 bifs kd 6::; ks exzeo~en ~imedev`~e >:#:?=#::: bifs k$e$ =$6 zev oed~ ia ~i~`c elzci{led~ iv 0kd eqev{ 0?$8 bifs f{ 6:0;$ Ve`c MNZ mvi}~h aiv ^v`qec ! îuvksleoidil{ ks exzeo~en ~i fe :$6 zev oed~ kd 6::; `dn ~i `qev`me =$=zev oed~ zev `ddul iqev ~he oilkdm 0: {e`vs$


4/66

Miqevdled~ Kdk~k`~kqe

^he o`lz`kmd Qksk~ Kdnk` [e`v 6::; }`s cùdohen `~ ~he Kd~evd`~kid`c îuvksl Exoh`dme kd Fevckd#`klen ~i zvibeo~ Kdnk` `s `d `~~vò~kqe nes~kd`~kid aiv hickn`{l`gevs$ ^he miqevdled~ bikden h`dns }k~h

ce`nkdm `kvckdes# hi~eckevs# hickn`{ vesiv~s `dn ~iuv izev`~ivs# iaaevkdm ~hel ` }kne v`dme ia kdoed~kqes`dn fiduses nuvkdm ~he zevkin fe~}eed @zvkc `dn Neoelfev# 6::;$

^he `kvckdes z`v~kokz`~kdm kd ~he o`lz`kmd# @kv Kdnk`# Be~ @kv}`{s `dn Gkdmakshev @kvckdes `ve iaaevkdm òilz`dkid avee ~koge~ aiv eqev{ ~koge~ zuvoh`sen aiv kd~evd`~kid`c `dn niles~ko ackmh~s$ Oiddeo~kdmackmh~s ~i ~he nez`v~kdm `kvziv~s `ve kdocunen kd ~he akd`c ~v`qec ois~s$ ^he Kdnk`d ^v`qec @med~s@ssiok`~kid (K@Î+ ks iaaevkdm hickn`{,l`gevs ` avee skmh~seekdm ~iuv kd ` ok~{ ia ~hekv ohikoe$

Euvilidk~iv Kd~evd`~kid`c-s ^v`qec @dn îuvksl kd Kdnk` veziv~ s~`~es ~h`~ ~he Miqevdled~ ia Kdnk`kdove`sen szedn id `nqev~kskdm o`lz`kmds (kdocunkdm aiv ~he o`lz`kmds Kdovenkfce Kdnk` `dn @hk~hkNeqi Fh`q` , Qksk~ivs `ve ckge Min+ ~i vekdaivoe ~he vkoh q`vke~{ ia ~iuvksl kd Kdnk`$

^he Lkdks~v{ zvili~en Kdnk` `s ` sàe ~iuvks~ nes~kd`~kid `dn h`s udnev~`ged q`vkius le`suves# suoh `ss~ezzkdm uz qkmkc`doe kd ge{ ok~kes `dn `~ hks~ivko`cc{ klziv~`d~ ~iuvks~ sk~es$ K~ `csi nezci{en kdove`senl`dzi}ev `dn vesiuvoes aiv klzviqkdm seouvk~{ oheogs `~ ge{ `kvziv~s `dn v`kc}`{ s~`~kids$


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^iuvks~ Okvouk~s kd Kdnk`


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V@B@_^H@D , V`b`s~h`d h`s ` neqecizen ~iuvksl kdav`s~vuo~uve# }k~hocise ~i 1#::: hi~ec viils szve`n iqev live ~h`d 05: hi~ecs$

@Z @Z h`s `fiu~ 08 zvibeo~s ckden uz udnev q`vkius o`~emivkes suoh`s ~elzce okvouk~ neqecizled~ `dn eoi,~iuvksl zvibeo~s$

OUCÛVE# HEVK^@ME @DN E^HDI 2ÎUVK_L Oh`~~ksm`vh# `lidms~i~hev s~`~es h`s kned~kaken `dn ks neqecizkdm e~hdko qkcc`mes$ ^he zvkq`~eseo~iv ks `csi fekdm edoiuv`meled~ aiv zvizev l`kd~ed`doe$

@NQEDÛVE ÎUVK_L @nqed~uve sziv~s suoh `s }`~ev sziv~s#~veggkdm# viog,ocklfkdm# z`v`,s`kckdm `dn fudmee,bulzkdm `ve zizuc`v}k~h ~he {iudmev ~v`qecevs `dn }ivgkdm exeou~kqes$

EOI ÎUVK_L Kdnk`s aives~# d`~kid`c z`vgs `dn }kcnckae

s`do~u`vkes `ve l`biv `~~vò~kid aiv ` }hice ci~ ia ~iuvks~ avil `viudn~he }ivcn$

@QK@D ÎUVK_L @nnkdm `di~hev nkledskid ~i ~he Gev`c`-sfòg}`~ev `dn he`c~h ~iuvksl ks ~he `qk`d ~iuvksl ~i `~~vò~fkvn}`~ohevs avil `cc iqev ~he }ivcn$


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LENKO@C ÎUVK_L @DN _Z@_ Kdnk` h`s ivkmkd`~en `s ide ia ~he lis~klziv~`d~ hufs aiv lenko`c ~iuvksl$ L`d{ zeizce avil ~he neqecizen oiud~vkesoile ~i Kdnk` aiv ~he vebuqed`~kid zvilksen f{ {im` `dn `{uvqenko less`me~hev`z{ `s }ecc `s aiv hkmh,edn suvmevkes ckge o`vnkò f{z`ss suvmev{ iv gdee)hkzvezcòeled~$

HKMH]@[ ÎUVK_L , Fesknes o`~`c{rkdm nkqevskako`~kid ia ~iuvks~ ~vàako `dnveqedue avil ~he uvf`d oed~evs# zc`dden neqecizled~ ia hkmh}`{ ~iuvksl izedsizziv~udk~kes aiv edh`dokdm cio`c elzci{led~ `dn uzcka~kdm vuv`c eoidil{~hviumh cio`c aeenev ed~evzvkses# }hkoh }kcc akdn soize ~i mvi} kd ~he qkokdk~{ ia suoh hkmh}`{ ~iuvks~ oilzcexes$

V@KC ÎUVK_L ^he Kdnk`d V`kc}`{s h`s kd~vinuoes seqev`c de} sevqkoes ~izvili~e v`kc ~iuvksl cuxuv{ ~iuvks~ ~v`kds# exocuskqe s~e`l `dn hkcc oh`v~evs# ~iuvzòg`mes$

O@V@Q@D ÎUVK_L @ de} zicko{ mukneckde ~i zvili~e O`v`q`d îuvksl kdKdnk` `dn aòkck~`~e ~he kdav`s~vuo~uve vepukven aiv ~he s`le }iucn fe `ddiudoen$

]ECCDE__ ÎUVK_L , @ de} zicko{ mukneckde aiv zvili~kdm ]eccdess îuvkslkd Kdnk` }iucn fe `ddiudoen$ ^he zicko{ }iucn `kl ~i ceqev`me Kdnk`s zi~ed~k`c kd~v`nk~kid`c s{s~els ia }eccdess `dn lenkokdes ckge @{uvqen`# _knnh` `dn [im``dn ~i zvibeo~ Kdnk` `s ` udkpue nes~kd`~kid aiv szkvk~u`c he`ckdm$

HECKZI^ ÎUVK_L , ]k~h ` qke} ~i zvili~e ~iuvksl kd hkcc{ `dn veli~e `ve`s#mukneckdes }iucn fe av`len ~i zviqkne oed~v`c akd`dok`c `ssks~`doe ~i _~`~es `dnUdkid êvvk~ivkes aiv oids~vuo~kids ia heckz`ns)heckziv~s `~ seceo~en nes~kd`~kids}hkoh h`qe ~iuvksl zi~ed~k`c fu~ còg miin oiddeo~kqk~{-s


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^v`qecevs `d`c{sks

68%

6:%

06%

5%

6%

:%

6%

;% =% _E @sk`] @sk`] Euvize@avko`@us~v`ckÒ ! _ @levkoÈ @skÈ EuvizeD @levko`_ @sk`

_h`ve ia Iu~fiudn^v`qecevs# 6::1,6::8

:

5

0:05

6:

65

?:

0;;8 6::> 6::1 6::8 6:08

Dulfev ia v qeccevs

(Ld+lfev ia Iu~fiudn Kdnk`d ^v`qecevs


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Aivekmd ^iuvks~ @vvkq`cs

Es~kl`~es ia aivekmd ~iuvks~ `vvkq`cs (A^@s+ `dn aivekmd exoh`dmee`vdkdms (AEE+ `ve klziv~`d~ kdnko`~ivs ia ~he ~iuvksl seo~iv$ AEEkd U_. ~evls nuvkdm ~he lid~h ia Diqelfev 6::; }eve U_. 0$6fkcckid `s oilz`ven ~i U_. 0 fkcckid kd Diqelfev 6::8$


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^iuvks~ Qksk~s kd Kdnk`

^he dulfev ia niles~ko `dn aivekmd ~iuvks~s h`s `clis~ niufcen kd 6::? `dn6::8$


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Kdnk`d ^iuvksl Kdnus~v{,L`vge~ _kre

05 ?6=?

01>

>

00

66

=8

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5:

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05:

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65:

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Kd~evd`~kid`c iuvk_zedns

Niles~ko iuvks~ _

=;%

=>%

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=>%

==%

=;%

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==%

=8%

L`vge~ _krekd

Fd


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^he lis~ klziv~`d~ mvi}~h ks ~he vifus~ eoidilko mvi}~h ~h`~ h`sfeed }k~dessen kd ~he oiud~v{$

Kdnk`s MNZ h`s feed mvi}kdm `~ ~he v`~e ia 1% skdoe ~heckfev`ckr`~kid ia eoidil{ kd 0;;0 `dn h`s mvi}d iqev 8% kd ~he z`s~ae} {e`vs$

@~ 8% O@MV# Kdnk`s MNZ }iucn `clis~ ~vkzce avil U_. 06:: Fd ~iU_. ?5:: Fd f{ 6:6?


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Mvi}~h kd MNZ zev O`zk~`

Kdnk`s s~vidm eoidilko mvi}~h h`s o`usen ~he MNZ zev O`zk~` ~ikdove`se v`zknc{ iqev ~he z`s~ 5 ~i 0: {e`vs$ @~ ouvved~ v`~e# ~he MNZzev o`zk~` kd 6:0? }iucn fe niufce ia }h`~ k~ }`s kd 6::?


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_h`ve ia COOs Kd @kvckdes

:0:6:

?:>:5:1:=:8:

_ h ` v e k d % Aso2 Aucc _evqkoe O vvkevs

COO 2 Ci} Ois~ O vvkevs

5?%>=%

^he `fiqe mv`zhs kdnko`~es ~he kdove`skdm sh`ve ia COO avil ??% ~i >=%

fe~}eed 6::1 `dn 6::8$

^he `nqed~ ia COO h`s szuvven niles~ko `kv ~v`qec ~i mvi} avil 00 Ld~v`qecevs ~i ?1 Ld ~v`qecs kd ~he c`s~ neo`ne$

Izev`~kid`c `kvziv~s kd ~he oiud~v{ h`qe mide uz avil ocise ~i >: `kvziv~s kd6::> ~i 80 `kvziv~s `~ zvesed~$


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@kv ^v`qec kd Kdnk`

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Kd~evd`

>?$?5% ?5$=;%

=$51%


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_~ezs ~`ged f{ Miqevdled~ ~i Zvili~e îuvksl kdOiud~v{$

@kvckde ~koge~s# ~iuv zòg`me `ve `cc se~ ~i mi ohe`zev }k~h 6%venuo~kid kd sevqkoe ~`x

_~`~e,vud ikc oilz`dkes h`qe sc`shen @qk`~kid ûvfkde Auec (@Â+zvkoes f{ =%# ~he 00 ~h venuo~kid skdoe _ez~elfev c`s~ {e`v$

@kvziv~ Oh`vmes ~i fe ou~ aiv ` cklk~en zevkin f{ 5:%$

Veliq`c ia 8% exokse nu~{ id @Â$

Venuoe ~he oh`vmes }hkoh `kvziv~ izev`~iv oh`vmes avil ~he ikcoilz`dkes# ce`nkdm ~i edh`doen zevaivl`doe$


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Kdnk`d êx~kce `dn @zz`vecL`vge~ U_ . 16 Fd

Niles~ko L`vge~U_. >: Fd

Exziv~sU_. 66 Fd

êx~kcesU_. 06 Fd

Oci~hkdmU_. 0: Fd

Ouvved~ _kre 2 Kdnk`d êx~kce `dn @zz`vec L`vge~

^he zvesed~ skre ia ~he Kdnk`d ~ex~kce `dn `zz`vec l`vge~ ks U_. 16 Fdia }hkoh 66 U_. Fd ks exziv~s }hkce ves~ U_. >: Fd ks ~he niles~kol`vge~$

^he Kdnk`d niles~ko ~ex~kces `dn `zz`vec l`vge~ ks ide ia ~he a`s~es~mvi}kdm l`vge~ kd ~he }ivcn$ K~ ks exzeo~en ~i feoile ide ia ~he l`bivoidsulz~kid f`ses kd de`v au~uve$


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ANK kd Kdnk` 2 Ouvved~ _oed`vki

Nue ~i Kdnk`s veoed~ ckfev`ckr`~kid ia k~s aivekmd kdqes~led~ vemuc`~kids# ~he

oiud~v{ h`s feoile ide ia ~he a`s~es~ mvi}kdm nes~kd`~kids aiv ANK kdaci}s$Kdnk` iaaevs l`d{ `nq`d~`mes ~i aivekmd kdqes~ivs ckge s~vidm eoidilko mvi}~hce`nkdm ~i kdove`sen fu{kdm zi}ev f{ ~he lknnce oc`ss# ci} }`mes# `dn `denuo`~en }ivg aivoe$Kdnk`s _zeok`c Eoidilko Rides (_ERs+ `~~vò~ aivekmd kdqes~led~ f{ zviqknkdm ~`xkdoed~kqes# `ssks~`doe }k~h fuveùov`~ko `dn `nlkdks~v`~kqe zvifcels `dn òoess~i veck`fce kdav`s~vuo~uve$Kdnk`d eoidil{ ks mvi}kdm 1 % zev `ddul skdoe c`s~ 0: {e`vs$ Eqed kd ~kles ia veoesskid ) sci}ni}d kd lis~ ia ~he neqecizen eoidilkes# Kdnk` ks exzeo~en ~il`kd~`kd ~hks ceqec ia mvi}~h$Avil @umus~ 0;;0 ~i L`voh 6::;# Kdnk` h`s `~~vò~en ` ~i~`c ia U_. 0:1 Fd# ia }hkoh `zzvix$ U_. ;: Fd }`s kdqes~en nuvkdm @zv :: ~i L`voh :;$Kd ~ex~kce `dn `zz`vec seo~iv# 0::% ANK `cci}en udnev ~he ù~il`~ko viu~e$ ANK

seo~ivs ~i ~he ex~ed~ zevlk~~en udnev ù~il`~ko viu~e nies di~ vepukve `zzviq`cek~hev f{ Miqevdled~ ia Kdnk` iv Vesevqe F`dg ia Kdnk` (VFK+$


22/66

Oi~~id I~hev D`~uv`c Akfves

Mkddkdm

LLA

_zkddkdm Ex~vuskid

M`vled~

]e`qkdm ) Gdk~~kdm

Nks~vkfu~kid Oh`ddec

Zvioesskdm

Niles~ko Ve~`kc )Exziv~s Fu{evs

Fkm zc`{evs oids~k~u~e l`kdc{~he oilzisk~e udk~s iv

m`vled~ exziv~evs

_l`ccZc`{evs _l`cc

Zc`{evs

Aivekmd Kdqes~led~ kd êx~kce `dn @zz`vec Kdnus~v{

Qev~ko`cc{ Kd~emv`~en 2

Kdnk`d kdnus~v{ ks `lidms~ ~heqev{ ae} kd ~he }ivcn ~h`~ ksqev~ko`cc{ kd~emv`~en avil v`}l`~evk`c ~i akdkshen zvinuo~s$( avil akfev ~i ve~`kc+$

Fvi`n v`dme ia Zvinuo~sKdnk`d Kdnus~v{ h`s iqev ~he {e`vs s~e`nkc{ nkqevskaken k~sv`} l`~evk`c f`se ~ kdocunel`d l`ne akfevs suoh `szic{es~ev# qksoise# òv{cko#zic{zviz{cede e~o$

Zvinuo~kid O`zòk~{ 2 ^heo`zòk~{ kd szkdnces kd ~he lkccseo~iv kdove`sen avil ?5$;Ld kd 6::= ~i ?8$> Ld kd6::8$

A`fvkos2 ^he Kdnk}e`qkdm `dn gdk~~kdm h`s~in`{ kdocunes zvinuo~s `s

nkqevse `s akde nvess a`fvkos#}ivs~en suk~kdm# nedkl#


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Kd~evd`~kid`c Iu~ce~ Oed~evs

Iu~ce~ Oed~ev Oiud~v{ L`cc _kre ( Ld _pA~$+

Ohecse` ZvelkulIu~ce~s

U_ :$6

@~vkul Auvdk~uve

L`cc

U_ :$?

_udmek ]`dm Zc`r` Gu`c` Culzuv 0$6Fkoes~ev Qkcc`me UG ,

@d iu~ce~ Oed~ev iaaevs nksoiud~en levoh`dnkse aiv sci} liqkdmk~els `dn did se`sid`c levoh`dnkse aiv q`vkius o`~emivkes$

Nilkd`~kdm o`~emivkes kdocune `zz`vec ! aii~}e`v# oidsulevnuv`fce# auvdk~uve# auvdkshkdms `dn eceo~vidkos$

^hks siv~ ia oidoez~# ceqev`mkdm akvs~, liqev `nq`d~`me# nies di~exks~ kd Kdnk`$


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Kd~evd`~kid`c Ckaes~{ce Oed~evs

Iu~ce~ Oed~ev Oiud~v{ L`cc _kre ( Ld _pA~$+

Nekv` Ok~{ Oed~ev Nuf`k 0$6

Dmee @dd Ok~{ _kdm`zive 6$:

_uvk` GCOO Gu`c` Culzuv 0$> kles _pu`ve Gu`c` Culzuv ?$5

Zòkako Zcòe Hidm Gidm :$=

@ ckaes~{ce oed~ev ks essed~k`cc{ ` zvelkul shizzkdm nes~kd`~kidneskmden aiv ~he ed~kve a`lkc{$

Ckaes~{ce oed~evs h`qe elevmen `s ~he lis~ suooessauc }`{ ~inkaaeved~k`~e `dn ove`~e szòe kd ~he `cve`n{ es~`fckshen ve~`kc

l`ccs$


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He`c~ho`ve Kdnus~v{

^he }`qe ia oh`dme h`s s}ez~ `oviss eqev{ kdnus~v{# suohn{d`lksl `dn oivziv`~kr`~kid h`s oilzce~ec{ oh`dmen ~he a`oe ia ~he he`c~ho`ve kdnus~v{$

Nue ~i kdove`sen oilze~k~kid He`c~ho`ve Zviqknevs `ve ud`fce ~iz`ss ~he fuvned id~i z`~ked~s kd ~he s`le zviziv~kid$

_kdoe ~heve ks ` vkskdm nel`dn `dn udzveoened~en mvi}~h ia ~heseo~iv# ~heve ks ` mvi}kdm deen ~i oile uz }k~h de}ev linecs ~iklzviqe izev`~kid`c eaakokedo{ `dn l`ge zvioesses# kdav`s~vuo~uve`dn iu~ iu~ciig ~i l`d`meled~ live ce`d `dn szeokako$


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Niouled~`~kid

Line ia Z`{led~

ZufckoVec`~kids

Pu`ck~{Hiszk~`cAkd`dok`c

Izev`~kidsHul`d

VesiuvoesOus~ilkr`~kid

^hkvn ,Z`v~{

L`vge~kdm )OVL

@oovenk~`~kid

VeqedueO{oce

L`d`meled~

@o~kqeElzci{ee

edm`meled~

Zevsid`ckren O`ve

Eceo~vidkoLenko`cVeoivns

^he Idmikdm ^v`dsaivl`~kid kd Hiszk~`cs


27/66

Oh`dmkdm l`vge~ n{d`lkos `dn ous~ilev `~~k~unes `ve aivokdmoilz`dkes ~i veneakde ~hekv fuskdess linecs$ ]hkce ~heve ks dis~`dn`vn aivluc` ~i ni ~he s`le# hiszk~`cs h`qe klzviqksen `dnneqecizen ~hekv i}d U_Z linecs$

_ile kddiq`~kqe zvò~koes `niz~en f{ hiszk~`cs ~i venuoe ~he ois~s`dn klzviqe id ~he ~hviumhzu~2

@ zizuc`v aiv,l`sses Kdnk`d hiszk~`c oh`vmes nkaaeved~ aees aivnk`mdis~ko sevqkoes `~ nkaaeved~ ~kles ia ~he n`{$ ^he{ h`qe feed`fce ~i kdove`se z`~ked~ qicules f{ nkaaeved~k`c zvkokdm$

î s~ve`lckde izev`~kids# use ia O`se Zvioess L`z }hevekd~he ò~kqk~kes ia `cc ~he s~àa kdqicqen kd ` zvioenuve `ve l`zzen`dn ~kle zci~~en `cci}kdm ~he q`vk`~kid ~i fe s~unken `dnoivveo~en$

Oh`dmkdm He`c~ho`ve ^he î{i~` ]`{


28/66

_~`v~ Z`~ked~Ed~v{

Z`~ked~Zvez

Kdokskid Zvioenuve

Edn Ocisuve

Z`~ked~Exk~

ViilOce`dkdm

_uvmeid

@ssks~`d~

L`ohkde_uzziv~

I^ Duvse

@des~heskicimks~

O`se Zvioess L`zs


29/66

Lun`2]`s~e

Luv`2Kdoidsks~edo{

Luvk2V`dnildess

Ecklkd`~e Lun` 2 ]`s~e Venuo~kid

Lkdklkre Luv`2Zvili~e Oidsks~edo{

@qikn Luvk2_~`dn`vnkr`~kid

L`d{ hiszk~`cs `ve `niz~kdm ~he oc`ssko B`z`dese Zvioess Klzviqeled~ ^v`kn `s _hi}d$ @o~kqk~kes suoh `s ve,ivm`dkr`~kid# q`cue l`zzkdm `dnfes~ zv`o~koes `ve neskmden ~i hecz klzceled~ ~hese zvkdokzces

B`z`dese Zvioess Klzviqeled~ ^v`kn$


30/66

Aòkck~{ Zc`ddkdm2 Vice kd Zevaivl`doe edh`doeled~

Kd veoed~ ~kles z`~ked~ exzeo~`~kids `dn nel`dn aiv pu`ck~{ he`c~ho`veaòkck~kes kd Kdnk` h`qe udnevmide ` ~v`dsaivl`~kid`c shka~$

Kd ~in`{s oh`dmkdm edqkvidled~# `s hiszk~`cs ciig ~i klzviqe ~hekvzevaivl`doe# ~he{ shiucn ~`ge kd~i òoiud~ q`vkius neskmd z`v`le~evs~h`~ o`d vesuc~ kd nkveo~ iv kdnkveo~ eoidilko fedeak~s$

_ile ia ~he z`v`le~evs ~h`~ o`d ce`n ~i izev`~kid`c eaakokedokes `dn~hevef{# ois~ s`qkdms `ve2

Z`~ked~ lidk~ivkdm$

Z`~ked~ aci}$ Duvse ~v`qec nks~`does $ _~`dn`vnkr ~kid$


31/66


32/66

Ous~ilev Vec`~kidshkz L`d`meled~

Ous~ilev Vec`~kidshkz L`d`meled~ (OVL+ ks ` le~hin aiv `d ivm`dkr`~kid ~i ~vòg#l`kd~`kd `dn ivm`dkre ` n`~`f`se ia k~s ouvved~ `dn zviszeo~kqe ous~ilevs$

Kd ~he he`c~ho`ve seo~iv# ~heve ks ` }kne nkaaevedoe fe~}eed ~he ous~ilev `dnoidsulev$

Hedoe ~heve ks ` sevkes ia vec`~kidshkzs ~h`~ deen ~i fe duv~uven `dn l`d`men ~iedh`doe z`~ked~ ve~ed~kid$

OVL ks kdove`skdmc{ `zzcken kd ~he he`c~ho`ve kdnus~v{ kd ~he aicci}kdm }`{2

OVL mies cidm }`{ kd fukcnkdm z`~ked~ oidaknedoe `dn miin}kcc# `dn hedoe k~feoiles ` neoknkdm aò~iv aiv z`~ked~ }hkce ohiiskdm ` hiszk~`c `m`kd$ Hedoeous~ilev sevqkoe ks ide ia ~he l`biv nvkqevs ia veze`~ fuskdess$Kd ` ò~kqe OVL zvimv`lle k~ ks deoess`v{ ~i ~v`kd eqev{ lelfev ia ~he hiszk~`c kdzviqknkdm pu`ck~{ o`ve `dn sevqkoe ~i ~he z`~ked~ $ K~ zc`{s klziv~`d~ vice kd ve~`kdkdm~he z`~ked~$

^he ois~ ia eaaiv~s udnev~`ged ~i ve~`kd ` ous~ilev ks ~ed ~kles cessev ~h`d ~h`~ ia òpukvkdm ` de} ide$

în`{ he`c~h o`ve h`s feoile mcif`c$ Kdnk` h`s mvi}kdm dulfev ia kd~evd`~kid`cz`~ked~s `dn live `dn live hiszk~`cs `ve vushkdm ~i uzmv`ne ~hekv sevqkoes$


33/66

@zzcko`~kid ia OVLOVL h`s di} eqicqen kd~i ` sokedoe }hkoh h`s feed usen qev{

eaaeo~kqec{ `dn zvinuo~kqec{ ~i edh`doe ~he eaakokedo{ ia q`vkius seo~ivssuoh `s ~he f`dgkdm kdnus~v{$

Luc~k,oh`ddecKd~emv`~kid

Ous~ilev L`vge~kdm

Ous~ilev @d`c{sks

Ous~ilev O`ve

Ovenk~ O`vns#Kdsuv`doe _oheles

Ous~ilev zviak~`fkck~{#Zvizedsk~{ ~i fus{#@~~vk~kid feh`qkivs

Oicceo~kid!

Kd~emv`~kid ia Ous~ilev

n`~`

Ous~ilev Neckmh~

!Ve~ed~kid

@d`c{sks!

@zzcko`~kidIa ~hks n`~e ~izviqkne pu`ck~{

_evqkoe ~ious~ilevs

@zzcko`~kid ia OVL


34/66

Hiszk~`c Veqedue O{oce L`d`meled~

Cess ~h`d 0:% ia ~he Kdnk`ds `ve es~kl`~en ~i fe oiqeven udnev sile siv~ ia he`c~h

kdsuv`doe$ Lis~ z`~ked~s z`{ aiv ~hekv hiszk~`c exzedses nkveo~c{$ în`{ kd lis~ hiszk~`cs kdle~vi ok~kes# iqev 5:% ia z`~ked~s h`qe sile aivl ia ~hkvn,z`v~{ veklfuvseled~ zc`d$A`kcuve ~i ve`ckse ~hks oiucn sevkiusc{ àaeo~ ~he }ivgkdm o`zk~`c ia ` hiszk~`c$

^he hiszk~`c veqedue o{oce h`s ? l`biv oilzided~s 2Avid~,edn2 Avil ~he ~kle ~he z`~ked~ oiles kd akvs~ oid~ò~ }k~h ~he hiszk~`c ~ivemks~v`~kid$

Oive 2 Zviqkskid ia ò~u`c he`c~ho`ve sevqkoes$Fòg,edn 2 Fkcckdm `dn nksoh`vme ia ~he z`~ked~$

_~`dn`vn Veqedue O{oce }k~h @o~kqk~{ @d`c{sks

Avid~ , edn

@zzikd~led~s _ohenuckdmVemks~v`~kidZ`~ked~ kdaivl`~kid oicceo~kid

Kdaivl`~kid qevkako`~kidKdsuv`doe q`ckn`~kid

Vemks~v`~kidOilzu~kdm ~he nenuo~kfces`dn oi,z`{led~s

Zufcko he`c~h kdsuv`doezvimv`l oiudsecckdm

Ockdko`c niouled~`~kid (usenkd ~he fkcckdm zvioess `dn

Oilludko`~en ~i ~hkvn,z`v~{Z`{ev+

Oicceo~kid `dn veoivnkdm ia o`sh veoekqen

Oid~vò~u`c `cci}`does

Aicci} uz aiv iu~s~`dnkdmz`{led~s)òoiud~s veoekq`fce

Nedk`c l`d`meled~

Fkcckdm `dn oicceo~kidOc`kls veqke}# `zzviq`c `dnnedk`c `cidm }k~h kdsuv`doe

oilz`d{

Oh`vme o`z~uve kd~i Hiszk~`ckdaivl`~kid _{s~el (HK_+

Nk`mdisks `dn zvioenuveoinkdm

OiveFòg,edn


35/66

@nq`d~`mes ia ELV

Oid~kduk~{ kd~ve`~led~

@ooesskfce `~ `cc ~kles#Oid~kdu`cc{ uzmv`nen

_`ae }k~h@u~hivksen qke}evshkz Ois~ eaakoked~

Qk~`c kdaivl`~kid@~ qk~`c ~kles

_e`voh `dn siv~kdmL`ne e`s{

Eceo~vidko Lenko`c Veoivns

Kd Kdnk`# f`vvkdm ` ae} Zq~$

Hiszk~`cs# `cc veoivn `vel`kd~`kden kd zh{sko`c aivl$Aiv oviss veaevv`c oheog iv `d

izkdkid `~ seoidn hiszk~`c# ~hez`~ked~ h`s ~i mi ~hviumh ~heed~kve zvioess ia niouled~`~kid`dn ves~kdm `m`kd `nnkdm ~i hksakd`dok`c nks~vess$

Eceo~vidko Lenk` Veoivns(ELVs+ ecklkd`~e ~he fuvned ia ~enkius z`zev}ivg ioouz{kdmluoh ia ~he zh{skok`ds pu`ck~{~kle$

ELV sevqes `s oilzvehedskqen`~`f`se ia ~he z`~ked~s ed~kvehks~iv{# fu~ ~he{ `ve `csi qev{usev,avkednc{ `s ~he{ hecz ~icio`~e veceq`d~ n`~` kds~`d~c{}hed deenen `oviss luc~kzcecio`~kids `dn zikd~ ia ~kles$


36/66

O`se _~un{2 @d Kdnk`d 15:,fen luc~k,szeok`c~{ s~`~e,ia,~he,`v~ hiszk~`cnezci{en `d `nq`doen }ef,f`sen HK_$

Ous~ilks`~kid

Acexkfkck~{

Fe~~ev kdqed~iv{ `dn lenko`c zòg`meoid~vic$V`zkn òoess ~i c`fiv`~iv{ vesuc~$Klzviqen oid~kduk~{ ia lenko`c veoivns

Zh`vlòeu~ko`csufs~k~u~kid

_zeen

@u~il`~en z`~ked~ fkcckdm]k~h iqev >::#::: iu~z`~ked~ qksk~s zev{e`v# ~he hiszk~`c venuoen k~s iu~z`~ked~zvioesskdm ~kle f{ >:% ~i kdove`se z`~ked~~hviumhizu~$$

_eouvk~{ `ssuv`doe}k~h oid~vic

_o`c`fkck~{ `dnkd~evizev`fkck~{


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Kddiq`~kid J Miimce

MiimceL`zsE`v~h

Lenko`cOidsuc~`~kididckde

MiimceHe`c~h MH id

kZhide

Miimceacu ~vedns

L`d`meHe`c~hveoivns

Lifkce zhidehe`c~h `ooess

Nkmk~`cIu~fve`gne~eo~kid

L`d{ oilz`dkes ckge Miimce# h`qe kddiq`~en `dn ~`ged ~eohdicim{ ` s~ezauv~hev f{ oilkdm uz }k~h ` }hice v`dme ia lenko`c ~eohdicimko`c`zzcko`~kids suoh `s zvenko~kdm ezknelko ~vedns `dn `csi l`gkdm he`c~ho`ve`nqkoe `q`kc`fce id oecc zhides


38/66

Klzò~ ia ]`vehiuskdm

êohdiz`g es~kl`~es ~h`~ aiv lis~ ivm`dks`~kids# 1,8 cio`~kids }kcch`qe lem` }`vehiuses }k~h oilzcex izev`~kids kd ~he de`v au~uve$

^hus# linevdkr`~kid ia ge{ }`vehiuses ks s~vidmc{ veoillednen idòoiud~ ia2

C`vme skres# hkmh ~hviumh iu~zu~s `dn live oilzcex izev`~kids$

Kdove`skdm ceqec `dn q`vke~{ ia sevqkoe vepukven f{ ous~ilevs#eszeok`cc{ ivm`dksen ve~`kcevs$

Kdove`skdm so`vok~{ ia sgkccen c`fiv `dn ve`c es~`~e vepukvkdmqev~ko`c `dn leoh`dkren }`vehiuse$


39/66

Zc`d~

Zc`d~

Kccus~v`~kqe avekmh~ nks~`doe (`dn hedoe ois~: s`qkdm ia >:: Gls aiv Ou~ilevs0

O`se 0 2 O_^ `~ 6%

0::: Gls

_~`~e Fivnev

Ous~ilev 0 Ous~ilev 6

O`se 6 2 M_^ _~`~e Fivnev

6:: Gls

Ous~ilev 0 Ous~ilev 6

Icn ]`vehiuse

Icn ]`vehiuse

De} ]`vehiuse

Avekmh~ _`qkdms Nue ~i M_^

Kd O`se K# ~he siuvoe ks _~`~e @ (cea~+ `dn ~he ous~ilev ks kd _~`~e F(vkmh~+$ Nue ~i O_^ f`vvkevs#~he ous~ilev o`d idc{ fe sevqen avil ` }`vehiuse kd _~`~e F fu~ f{ fòg,~vògkdm kd ~he nkveo~kidia ~he siuvoe$

Kd O`se6# à~ev ~he kd~vinuo~kid ia M_^# ~he de~}ivg ckdg`me ks ve,neakden `dn ~he fòg ~vògkdm kss`qen sufs~`d~k`cc{ f{ sevqkdm ~he ous~ilev nkveo~c{ avil ~he aò~iv{# iv ` }`vehiuse id ~he }`{kd _~`~e @ k~seca$ ^he avekmh~ nks~`doe s`qkdm ~v`dsc`~es nkveo~c{ kd~i avekmh~ ois~ s`qkdm$


40/66

Klz`o~ id _evqkoe Ceqec

^he ge{ a`cciu~ ia M_^ `ckmden de~}ivgs ks ae}ev }`vehiuses fu~ ~hks `csi h`s~}i klzcko`~kids id ous~ilev sevqkoe2

Cidmev Ce`n,~kles ~i Ous~ilevs2 ^hks }iucn di~ fe `d kssue `scidm `s ~he de~}ivg veneskmd exevokse zu~s ` lkdklul ce`n~kle)nks~`doe oids~v`kd~ }hkce sevqkdm ous~ilevs kd ~he de} de~}ivg$

Klzviqen @ssiv~led~ 2 Ia~ed _GUs deenen f{ ous~ilevs `ve di~`q`kc`fce `~ ~he }`ve hiuse le`d~ ~i sevqe ~hel `c~hiumh ~he{ l`{fe knckdm `~ `di~hev }`vehiuse$

^he Ge{ ~i klzviqe sevqkoe ~i ous~ilevs ks ~i udnev~`ge `zviaesskid`c soked~kako exevokse `s izzisen ~i l`du`c

exzevkedoe f`sen le~hins ~h`~ l`d{ akvls h`qe usen aivneskmdkdm ~hekv cem`o{ de~}ivgs


41/66

Klz`o~ @d`c{sks@unk~ ia Ouvved~_e~uz$Au~uve _oed`vkiklz`o~

Nks~vkfu~kid _e~uz NeskmdDe~}ivg lineckdm f`sen id LKCZZvimv`llkdm$Lkdklkse ois~ sufbeo~ ~i sevqkoe ceqec ! i~hevoids~v`kd~s

Linec ]`vehiuseEdmkdeevkdmNeskmd ! C`{iu~$Linevdks`~kid

Oh`dme L`d`meled~Zc`ddkdmO_^ ~v`dsk~kid zc`ddkdm#Qednivs$Elzci{ees# _{s~els !Zvioesses

Klzceled~`~kidDe} De~}ivg vicciu~Oh`dmeL`d`meled~

Iuv Le~hinicim{ aiv M_^ _icu~kidsr


42/66

Klzò~ ia M_^ id ~he _uzzc{ Oh`kd

M_^ Oh`vò~evks~ko Klzò~ id _uzzc{ Oh`kd Klzcko`~kid

Ex~ednen Oed~v`c M_Ôh`kd

@~ zvesed~# sevqkoe ~`x id cimks~kos sevqkoesoidsulen nuvkdm nks~vkfu~kid `dn ve~`kc `ve di~iaa,se~~`fce `m`kds~ OEDQ@^

^hks }kcc fiis~ iu~siuvokdm kd suzzc{oh`kds `dn zviqkne mve`~ev klze~us~i ?ZC-s

Ex~ednen Oed~v`c M_^ oh`kd }kcc cci} ~he iaase~kd zis~ l`duaò~uvkdm de~}ivgs

^hks }kcc ci}ev ~he ois~ ia cimks~kos iu~siuvokdm s ~he0:$?% sevqkoe ~`x oh`vmen f{ cimks~kosoilz`dkes o`d fe c`vmec{ iaase~ `m`kds~ ~heOed~v`c M_^ ck`fkck~{

@aaeo~en Kdqed~iv{ Zis~ M_^# kdqed~iv{ }kcc `csi o`vv{ Oed~v`c M_^ !kd~ev,s~`~e M_^ kdzu~ ovenk~# ~he ~`x v`~es l`{`csi me~ oh`dmen aiv l`d{ zvinuo~s

Ivm`dks`~kids deen ~i s~un{ M_^-s akd`cleoh`dksls `dn zc`d kdqed~iv{~v`dsk~kid qev{ o`veaucc{ aiv~helsecqes# suzzckevs `dnous~ilevs

Udcess ~he M_^ v`~es mi uz aiv k~s zvinuo~# ~heakvls }iucn fe edoiuv`men ~i lkdklkse zve,M_^kdqed~iv{ }hkoh h`s cess kdzu~ ovenk~s

@s ~he M_^ klzceled~`~kid n`~e `zzviòhesocisev# ide oiucn exzeo~ udoev~`kd~{ `dn z`dkovem`vnkdm zve,M_^ kdqed~iv{ `s }`s seed nuvkdmQ@^ kd~vinuo~kid


43/66

_ufsulkdm Io~vik ! Ed~v{ ^`x Io~vik `dn ed~v{ ~`x `ve di~ kd ckde }k~h ~heszkvk~ ia M_^ `c~hiumh kd sile o`sesed~v{ ~`xes `ve Q@^`fce

Ivm`dkr`~kids }kcc fe edoiuv`men ~icio`~e }`vehiuses `dn hufs kded~v{ ~`x `dn Io~vik rides `dns~iog live kdqed~iv{ ~heve

Idoe ~hese ~`xes ve z`kn veqevse aci} ia miins feoiles nkaakouc~# hedoeoilz`dkes zveaev zis~ziden `dn udk,nkveo~kid`c aci} ia miins òviss ed~v{ ~`x`dn Io~vik fivnevs

Ivm`dks`~kids }kcc fe edoiuv`men~i cio`~e }`vehiuses `dn

hufs kd ed~v{ ~`x `dn Io~vikrides `dn s~iog livekdqed~iv{ ~heve

^heve `ve ~}i zisskfce soed`vkis ~hviumh}hkoh ~`x f`vvkevs }iucn fe veliqen2

Ivm`dkr`~kids o`d `dn shiucnneskmd ~hekv de~}ivgs zuvec{

suzzc{ oh`kd oidsknev`~kids`dn di~ ~`x oidsknev`~kids

_oed`vki 02 O_^ v`~es }iucn venuoe ~irevi }k~h di o`vv{,iqev ia kdzu~ ovenk~òviss s~`~es

_oed`vki 62 _~iog,^v`dsaevs `ve

nks`cci}en)~`xen `dn kd~ev,s~`~e s`ces`ve ~`xen }k~h o`vv{,iqev `cci}en

Kd fi~h o`ses# oilz`dkes }iucn di cidmevfe vepukven ~i h`qe ` }`vehiuses kdeqev{ s~`~e bus~ ~i aòkck~`~e s~iog~v`dsaevs `dn `qikn O_^


44/66

Ne~`kcs ia ~he ^`fces led~kiden kd dex~ sckne

^`fce 0 2 _uzzise ` akvl ouvved~c{ nies ` s~iog ~v`dsaev avil _~`~e @ ~i _~`~e F#

feaive secckdm kd _~`~e F ~i `qikn z`{kdm O_^ $ K~ ~hus me~s ` l`vmkd ~i U_.:$5: zevudk~ `dn kdouvs cio`c Q@^ idc{ }hed k~ seccs kd _~`~e F ~i k~s nks~vkfu~iv ~hviumh k~snezi~$ ^he nks~vkfu~iv oh`vmes ` l`vmkd ia U_. :$0> zev udk~ `dn oh`vmes ~he akd`czvkoe f{ `nbus~kdm ~he kdzu~ ovenk~ ( ]hkoh ks `q`kc`fce skdoe ~he s`ce avil nezi~ }`skd~v`,_~`~+$ Kd ~hks o`se# Zvkoe ~i Ve~`kcev < (Nks~vkfu~iv c`dnen ois~ ' Nks~vkfu~ivL`vmkd Nks~vkfu~iv Kdzu~ Ovenk~+" (0'Q@^ V`~e+$

^`fce 6 2 Kd ~in`{s 6% O_^ soed`vki# ~he akvl kdouvs U_. :$:8)udk~ ciss kd l`vmkd$ Ka

k~ }eve ~i ni ` oviss,fivnev s`ce ~i ~he nks~vkfu~iv# }k~hiu~ mikdm ~hviumh ~v`dsaev `~~he nezi~$ ^he o`couc`~kids `ve f`sen id ~he zvelkse ~h`~ ~he U_.)udk~ ve~`kcevl`vmkd# nks~vkfu~iv `dn LVZ `ve l`kd~`kden `~ ~he s`le ceqec$

^`fce ?2 Ka O_^ v`~es }eve ~i feoile revi ~hed ~he akvl o`d ni oviss fivnev s`ce (`~:% v`~e+ nkveo~c{ ~i ~he nks~vkfu~iv }k~hiu~ `d{ ciss ia l`vmkd ~i k~seca# ~he nks~vkfu~iviv ~he ve~`kcev `dn {e~ oh`vme ~he s`le LVZ ~i ~he oidsulev$

^`fce >2 Ka O_^ ks `fickshen `dn kd~ev s~`~e s`ces iv s~iog ~v`dsaevs `ve ~`xen }k~hkdzu~ ovenk~ `cci}en `~ ~he nes~kd`~kid ~hed `csi ~he l`vmkd `dn LVZ vel`kd kd~`o~ aiveqev{ide

Ne~`kcen Klz`o~ ia Veliqen ^`x F`vvkevs id Oviss,


45/66

q ,fivnev _`ces

^`fce02 Ouvved~ , _~iog ^v`dsaev _`ce (@cc akmuves exoez~ Q@^ `dn O_^ `ve kdU_.)udk~+

_~iog ^v`dsaev_`ce

C`dnenOis~

L`vmkd Kdzu~ Q@^Ovenk~

ZvkoeFeaive

^`x

Q@^ O_^ ^`x De~ `x Akd`c Zvkoe

_iuvoe 0::$: 6>$6 , 06>$6 :% :% , , 06$>

Nezi~ 06>$6 , , 06>$6 06% >% 5$: 5$: 06;$6Nks~vkfu~iv 06;$6 1$5 5$: 0?:$1 06% >% 5$6 :$? 0?5$;Ve~`kc 0?5$; 0?$1 5$6 0>>$6 06% >% 5$8 :$5 05:$: 5$8

^`fce62 Ouvved~ ,6% O_^ _`ce

_~iog ^v`dsaev_`ce

C`dnenOis~


ZvkoeFeaive

^`x


_iuvoe 0::$: 60$8 , 060$8 :% 6% 6$> 6$> 06$>

Nezi~ , , , , , , , , ,Nks~vkfu~iv 06>$6 , , 06>$6 >% :% 5$: 5$: 06;$6Ve~`kc 06$;$6 1$5 5$: 0?:$1 >% :% 5$6 :$? 0?5$; =$=


46/66

Oillevok`c Klz`o~ ia M_^^`fce?2 M_^,Revi O_^ _`ce

_~iog

^v`dsaev_`ce

C`dnen

Ois~

L`vmkd Kdzu~ Q@^

Ovenk~

Zvkoe

Feaive^`x


_iuvoe 0::$: 6>$6 , 06>$6 :% :% , , 06>$6

Nezi~ , , , , , , , , ,

Nks~vkfu~iv 06>$6 1$5 , 0?:$1 >% :% 5$6 5$6 0?5$;

Ve~`kc 0?5$; 0?$1 5$6 0>>$6 >% :% 5$8 :$5 05:$:

5$8

^`fce>2 M_^ , Kd~ev _~`~e _`ce ^`xen }k~h Iaase~ @cci}en

_~iog ^v`dsaev_`ce

C`dnenOis~


ZvkoeFeaive

^`x


_iuvoe 0::$: 6>$6 , 06>$6 >% , , 5$: 06;$6

Nezi~ , , , , , , , , ,

Nks~vkfu~iv 06;$6 1$5 5$: 0?:$1 >% , 5$6 :$? 0?5$;

Ve~`kc 0?5$; 0?$1 5$6 0>>$6 >% , 5$8 :$5 05:$:

5$8


47/66

M_^ Kd~vinuo~kid

6 dn Ceqec Veaivls

Kd~vinuo~iv{ Veaivls _`ces Q@^

O_^Venuo~kid

LINQ@^

OEDQ@^

M_^

Eqicu~kid ia Ge{ Kdnkveo~ ^`xVeaivls

Klz`o~ ia M_^ id ~he _uzzc{ Oh`kd


48/66

De~}ivg Ve,edmkdeevkdm aiv M_^

^he liqe ~i}`vns ae}ev}`vehiuses }iucnvepukve l`d{}`vehiuses ~i oilfkde#ocise `dn ve,cio`~e$Vepukven o`zòk~{ ia l`d{ }`vehiuses }kccudnevmi oh`dmes$ ]k~hae}ev }`vehiuses# ~he`qev`me skre ia ~he

}`vehiuse }kcc mi uz$Hufs `ve di~ nkveo~c{ klzò~en f{ O_^ oidsknev`~kids$ Hi}eqev# ae}ev! c`vmev }`vehiuses l`{ l`ge ~hviumhzu~s$ ^hus# ~he skre `dndulfev ia hufs oiucn me~ àaeo~en$

^he ckdg`mes fe~}eed aò~ivkes,hufs,}`vehiuses,ous~ilevs aiv q`vkiuszvinuo~s }kcc me~ ve,`ckmden$

Neckqev{ Ce`n ^kle aiv8:% Uvf`d Ous~ilevs

@ddu`c uvdiqev(U_. Ld+

6> Hvs >8 Hvs

3 1:: 6> 68 6: ,6>1:: 05:: 66 61 08 , 66

4 05:: 6: 6> 01 , 6:


49/66

Zvis ! Oids ia De~}ivg Ve,edmkdeevkdm aiv M_^

V e n u o e n a k x e n

] v e h i u s k d m o i

s ~ s

V e n u o e n k d q e

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n

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e l e d ~

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s

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a v e k m h ~ o i s ~

e s z e o k c c {

s e o i d n v { a v e k m h ~

Oce`vc{# ~he fedeak~s

iu~}ekmh ~he nks`nq`d~`mes$Fesknes zviqknkdm ` sklzcev`dn live l`d`me`fcede~}ivg# êohdiz`ges~kl`~es fe~}eed 5% ~i0:% de~ s`qkdms kd cimks~kos Y

kdqed~iv{ o`vv{kdm ois~s ia `d ivm`dks`~kid ~hviumh ~hksexevokse$

Ae}ev }`vehiuses }iucnle`d ` s~v`kmh~ s`qkdm id}`vehiuskdm ois~s$

^he kdqevse vii~ c`} s~`~es~h`~ 2 "_àe~{ Kdqed~iv{ 0)_pv~ ( Dulfev ia _~iogkdmZikd~s+

^hks `csi le`ds ~h`~ ~he sàe~{ s~iog vepukveled~ }iucn `csi mi ni}d$Zvkle,aòke# k~ }iucn `zze`v ~h`~ sile ia ~hese s`qkdms }iucn fe iaase~f{ ~he kdove`sen ois~ ia avekmh~$

^ `d i lkd h F kd C`d ` i k` L k`


50/66

^v dsaivlkdm ~he Fuskdess C dnso ze, _iok c Lenk_k~es

^he kdove`se kd zede~v`~kid `dn us`me ia kd~evde~ kd neqecizkdm oiud~vkesh`s cen ~i ~he elevmedoe ia ` de} ~vedn ~he mvi}~h ia siok`c lenk`$

Zeizce `ve di} szednkdm skmdkako`d~ z`v~ ia ~hekv kd~evde~ ~kle id siok`cde~}ivgkdm) fcimmkdm sk~es$

@s ~he zizuc`vk~{ ia ~he lenkul# ~he d`~uve ia oidsulev,fuskdessvec`~kidshkz ks me~~kdm veneakden$

^he f`c`doe zi}ev ks shka~kdm ~i}`vns ~he oidsulev }k~h ~hekv qikoefeoilkdm live zi}evauc ~h`d l`vge~evs$

L`d{ oilz`dkes # eszeok`cc{ kd ~he neqecizen eoidilkes h`qe veoimdkren~he q`cue ia oidsulev medev`~en oid~ed~ `dn fukc~ ~hekv zvesedoe idsiok`c lenk`# }heve ~he oidsulev ks live `o~kqe$


51/66

^he Luc~kzckev eaaeo~ Us`me @oviss Fuskdess @ve`s

Zeizce

Fv`dn @}`vedess Ous~ilev _evqkoeZvinuo~ !

_evqkoe Zvili~kid

Ous~ilev Udnevs~`dnkdm

Zvili~kid ia _iok`c O`uses

Gdi}cenme_h`vkdm

Zvinuo~Neqecizled~

Fv`dn Fukcnkdm

Elzci{led~

@ooivnkdm ~i @fevneed Mviuz 1?% ia ~he fes~,kd,oc`ss oilz`dkessuvqe{en `oviss ~he }ivcn zc`d ~i kdove`se ~hekv siok`c lenk`l`vge~kdm funme~s kd 6::;$ Kd U_@ `cide ~he siok`c lenk` szedn ksexzeo~en ~i kdove`se avil U_. =01 Ld ~i U_. ?00? Ld kd 6:0?$

Kd Kdnk` `viudn 86% ia ~he ~iz 5:: l`vge~evs kd Kdnk` szedn ocise ~i5% ia ~hekv ~i~`c `nqev~kskdm funme~ idckde$

61% ia ~hks idckde szedn ks ~`vme~en ~i}`vns neqecizled~ `dnl`kd~ed`doe ia fv`dn szeokako }efsk~es `dn `di~hev 0?% mies id


52/66

If`l` _uooess ~hviumh siok`c lenk`

^}k~~ev6;0:::aicci}evs

L{ szòez`me

0$61 Ldavkedns

[iu ûfe0::l'

Qenki qke}#01>G

_ufsovkfevs

Aòefiigz`me

?6:::ò~kqe

`zzcko`~kidusevs


53/66

Kdnk`d Ois id _iok`c Lenk`

_eegkdm Aeenfòg, ^k~`d

Fv`dn Zvili~kid

, L^Q Kdnk`

Fv`dn Zvili~kid

^`~`s D`di

Fv`dn @}`vedess

@zicci Hiszk~`cs

Ous~ilevs _uzziv~Gkdmakshev @kvckdes#

ZQV Okdel`s

Hkvkdm De} ^`ced~ E ! [

^he use ia siok`c lenk` ks di} m`kdkdm zizuc`vk~{ kd Kdnk`$ Ce`nkdm

oilz`dkes `ve ce`zavimmkdm kd ~he siok`c lenk` szòe }k~h ~hekv i}dsiok`c de~}ivgkdm sk~es `dn szve`nkdm luc~kzce cems òviss q`vkius siok`clenk` zc`~aivls$

Kdais{s# Ô_# Venkaa# HOC# Oce`v~vkz# Avk~ic`{ `dn Dùgvk `dn Kdnk` `vlsia LDOs ckge Lkovisia~# KFL# `dn Hkdnus~`d Udkceqev `ve ae} d`les ~h`~

cùdohen ~hekv siok`c lenk` zvesedoe }k~h oivziv`~e fcimmkdm$


54/66


55/66

_iok`c Lenk` L`~uvk~{ _zeo~vul

Ous~ilev

Elzi}evled~

Hkmh

FukcnkdmVec`~kidshkz

Ous~ilev

Edm`meled~

Lenkul

FukcnkdmOiddeo~kids

_`ces Ci{`c~{

^{ze ia siok`c

lenk` Kdk~`~kqeOus~ilev Veòh

Ci}

Es~`fckshkdmZvesedoe

Q`cue Medev`~en Oidsknev`~kid

Ous~ilev Kdqicqeled~

Klzò~

L`~uvk~{ Kdnex

Kned~ka{ ~he ^`vme~ Oidsulev 2 Ex`lkde ~he sioki,~eohdimv`zhkozviakce ia ~`vme~ ous~ilev$

_e~ Ifbeo~kqes2 Neokne }h`~ ~he oilz`d{ }`d~s ~i òoilzcksh }k~hsiok`c lenk` `dn hi} ~he vesuc~s }iucn fe le`suven$

L`ge ` Zc`d2 Zc`d aiv hi} vec`~kidshkzs }k~h ous~ilevs }kcc oh`dme`dn fukcn ` s~v`~em{ `viudn oh`dmkdm vec`~kidshkz }k~h ous~ilevs$

@niz~ êohdicim{2 Zkog ~he `zzvizvk`~e zc`~aivls# ~iics `dn~eohdicimkes ~i klzceled~$

^he iok`c Lenk` Kdacuedoev Linec


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_

K~s essed~k`c aiv ` oilz`d{ ~i `niz~ ` s{s~el`~ko `zzvi`oh ~i}`vns

siok`c lenk`, ~he l`d~v` ks Cks~ed# Udnevs~`dn `dn Edm`me$Eqed feaive elf`vgkdm id ` siok`c lenk` biuvde{# k~ ks klziv~`d~ aivoilz`dkes ~i exzcive ~he lenkul `dn cks~ed ~i ~he oilz`d{ iv fv`dnszeokako oidqevs`~kids id ~he }ef udnevs~`dn }h`~ oidsulevs `ve~hkdgkdm `dn s`{kdm `fiu~ ~hekv fv`dn$

^he{ shiucn kned~ka{ `dn semled~ ~he oidsulevs `s shi}d kd siok`clenk` kdacuedoev linec$

Eqicu~kid ia shizzkdm oed~evs kd ~he U


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Eqicu~kid ia shizzkdm oed~evs kd ~he U_

Zh`se 0(0;6:,0;5:+Neqecizled~Ia shizzkdm

oed~ev

Zh`se 6(0;5:,6:::+

Ev` ia linevd

shizzkdm l`cc

M`vned Ok~{ _hizzkdm

Oed~ev

Ve~`kc Neqecizled~ Neqecizled~ ia Izev`~kid`c zvioess

Vemkid`c Oed~ev

Ous~ilev Nkssid`doe Nkaaeved~k`~kid

^hele ) Aes~kq`cOed~evs Fkmmev L`ccsA`o~iv{ Iu~ce~s

Ois~ Oilze~k~kid avil nksoiud~evs ! suzev oed~evs

Aious idEd~ev~`kdled~ Oilludk~{ Z`v~kokz`~kidCkaes~{ce Oed~evs

Oh`dmkdm n{d`lkos ia ve~`kc Ve`c Es~`~e fuskdess


58/66

Oh dmkdm n{d lkos ia ve~ kc Ve c,Es~ ~e fuskdessCkpuknk~{ Ovudoh

Ivm`dksen ve~`kcs

Ci}ev ~h`d@d~kokz`~en mvi}~h

Udeqed nks~vkfu~kidIa l`cc szòe

_hi}ni}d kdoidsulev szednkdm

Hkmh Izv$ ois~sC`vmec{ nue ~i

hkmh ved~`cs

Ziiv L`ccL`d`meled~

Oillink~kr`~kid ia L`cc szòe

_hiv~a`cc kdsuzzc{ ia l`cc

Ve~`kcevs qò`do{

Ve~`kcevs ci}evkdmzviak~`fck~{

Uds`~ksaò~iv{zevaivl`doe ia

l`cc szòe

Oivveo~kid kd ved~`cs

Mvi}kdm ~vedn ~i}`vnsveqedue sh`vkdm

O`veauc zc`ddkdm#Zisk~kid !

l`d`meled~ia l`cc szòe {e~ ~i h`zzed

^he Iu~ciig aiv Kdnk`d ve~`kc ciigs puk~e zvilkskdm kd ~he de`vau~uve `dn ~he ouvved~ ~uvlikc shiucn fe iqev kd 6 ~i ? pu`v~evs$

^he ve~`kc oed~ev ia ~he au~uve,}he~hev k~ ks edocisen iv ized, kv#fkm iv sl`cc# ~helen iv medev`c }iucn `csi fe neskmden ~i veselfce` oilludk~{# di~ bus~ ` zcòe ~i shiz `dn ed~ev~`kdled~ }iucn

elevmen `s qk~`c oilzided~ kd ~he neqecizled~ ia de} l`ccs$


59/66

0 = 6 6 6 ;

^i~`c Ouvved~ `dn Zvibeo~enMvi}~h kd Hkmhev Enuo`~kidEdviccled~ (Ld+

Edviccled~kd Hkmhev Enuo`~kid

MEV60%

6 6

MEV0=%

MEV0?%

Enuo`~kid Kdnus~v{

^he edviccled~ kd hkmhevenuo`~kid ks ouvved~c{ `~ 0= Ld`~ ` Mviss Edviccled~ V`~ki(MEV+ ia 0?%$ Edviccled~ `vezvibeo~en ~i mvi} `~ ` O@MV ia 5$1%# ve`ohkdm 66 Ld f{ ~he{e`v 6:0? `dn 6; Ld f{ ~he{e`v 6:08$

@s zev ~hese es~kl`~es# 06 Ld`nnk~kid`c se`~s kd ~he hkmhevenuo`~kid }iucn deen ~i feove`~en f{ ~he {e`v 6:08 `sshi}d kd ~he Exhkfk~ 6$

^he ois~ zev se`~ kd ` vemuc`v hkmhev enuo`~kid kds~k~u~kid ks UN%. 8?::$^heveaive# ~he ~i~`c kdqes~led~ ~h`~ Kdnk` vepukven aiv hkmhev enuo`~kid `cide}iucn fe U_.0:: Fd$


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:

0 : :

6 : :

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> : :

6 : : 8 6 : 0 ? 6 : 0 8

0 > , 0 8

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î~`c Ouvved~ `dn Zvibeo~enMvi}~h kd G,06 Edviccled~(Ld+

@meMviuz

0>=

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058

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0::;=

=>

Ouvved~c{# ~he ~i~`c dulfev ia s~uned~s edviccen kd G,06sohiics kd ~he oiud~v{ ks ?0=Ld `dn exzeo~en ~i mvi} ~i?68 Ld f{ 6:0? `dn auv~hev ~i?50 Ld f{ {e`v 6:08$

Oce`vc{# Kdnk` }kcc deen ~i `nn`~ ce`s~ ?> Ld `nnk~kid`c se`~skd G,06 semled~ kd ~he dex~ 0:{e`vs ~i o`~ev ~i ~he enuo`~kiddeens ia k~s oid~kduiusc{

mvi}kdm zizuc`~kid# `s shi}dkd ~he Exhkfk~ 0$

^he ois~ zev `nnk~kid`c se`~# `~ ` oidsevq`~kqe es~kl`~e ks U_. 6>::(ois~ ia c`dn kdocunen `~ U_. 0 Ld zev òve+$ ^hks ~v`dsc`~es kd~i `lkdklul kdqes~led~ vepukveled~ ia U_. 8: Fd ia kdqes~led~ iqev ~hedes~ 0: {e`vs ~i es~`fcksh ~hese ?> Ld se`~s$

î~`c Ouvved~ `dn Zvibeo~en Mvi}~h kd G,06Edviccled~


61/66

Z`v`le~evs He`c~h !

Fe`u~{

Oiudseckdm Edmcksh_ze`gkdm

Di$ ia _~uned~s 0?8: 51: 008:

O`zex, 0 Oed~ve (U_.+ 0;5#8:: 0??#??? 0::#:::

Ois~ Zev _e`~ (U_.+ 0>5 6>: 8>

Qio`~kid`c _~ve`ls ia Enuo`~kid

^he qio`~kid`c enuo`~kid `dn ~v`kdkdm c`dnso`ze ia Kdnk` ks ex~velec{udnevneqecizen$ Kdnk` ouvved~c{ h`s 5#5:: kdnus~vk`c ~v`kdkdm kds~k~u~es `dn0#=>5 zic{~eohdkos `s oilz`ven ~i 5::#::: sklkc`v kds~k~u~es kd Ohkd`$ ^hkskdav`s~vuo~uve o`~ev ~i idc{ 6$5 Ld zeizce `ddu`cc{$ ^heve `ve 0=5 ~v`ne ~v`kdkdmzvimv`ls kd Kdnk` `s oilz`ven ~i 0#5:: kd ~he U_@$ Oce`vc{ ~heve ks `zvidiudoen sgkcc m`z kd ~evls ia fi~h pu`ck~{ `dn pu`ck~{ kd ~heoiud~v{$

@s es~kl`~en 85,;: Ld zeizce }k~h qio`~kid`c sgkccs }iucn fe vepuk~en kdq`vkius seo~ivs fe~}eed 6::8,6:0?$ @ooivnkdm ~i kdnus~v{ siuvoes# ~he szck~ ia zeizce kd~`ge seo~iv,}kse iqev ~he dex~ 5 {e`vs }kcc fe >>$8% avil ~he sevqkoeseo~iv# ?0$6% avil `mvkouc~uve `dn 06$1% avil l`dua`o~uvkdm$

Ois~ zev se`~ }kcc qev{ q`v{ skmdkako`d~c{ kd ~hks semled~ nezednkdm id ~hecio`~kid# so`ce# zisk~kidkdm ia ~v`kdkdm sevqkoe `dn kdqes~led~ f{ zvkq`~e zc`{evs

Ois~ zev _e`~ Es~kl`~kid kd Ae} Qio`~kid`c _~ve`ls ia Enuo`~kid


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^he }ivcn ~in`{ h`s oile ~i udnevs~`dn @{uvqen` `s ` }idnevaucs{s~el ia hevf`c he`ckdm$ Nuvkdm ~he c`s~ ? neo`nes# ~heve h`sfeed ` }ivcn}kne f`og ~i d`~uve ~vedn$

^heve ks ` mve`~ kd~eves~ kd @{uvqen` kd l`d{ oiud~vkes# zvilz~kdm

s~unkes `dn soked~kako vese`voh ~i `ssess k~s }iv~h$

@{uvqen` L`vqec


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^he mvi}~h ia ~he @{uvqenko sevqkoekdnus~vkes# ckge @{uvqenko oed~ev aivZ`dohg`vl`# Nh`v` `dn G`kv`ckl`ss`me# @{uvqenko sgkd `dn h`kv o`ve#`s }ecc `s @{uvqenko _z`s o`d feneqecizen

Mcif`c `dn Niles~ko L`vge~ aiv @{uvqen`

^heve ks `d kdove`skdm nel`dn aiv `c~evd`~kqe lenkokdes `dn

hevf`c zvinuo~s$$ ^he mvi}~h v`~e ia hevf`c

feù~{ o`ve fuskdess ks `~`viudn >:%$ Kdnk` ks ide ia ~he c`vmes~ l`vge~s kd ~he}ivcn aiv zevsid`c,o`vezvinuo~s

î `~~vò~ ~iuvksl nue ~i ~he mvi}kdm }ivcn}kne kd~eves~ kd ~hese~ve`~led~s$ Fi~h @{uvqenko zvinuo~s `dn sevqkoes o`d ed~ev ~hekd~evd`~kid`c l`vge~ ~hviumh ~he av`dohkse s{s~el$


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]k~h oidoez~ ia ~i~`c }ecc fekdm m`kdkdmmviudn sz` ~ve`~led~ `ve feoilkdmzizuc`v$ Di}`n`{s s`cids `ve fekdmoidqev~en kd ~in`{ sz`s `dn iaaevkdm fi~hs`ciid `dn sz` ~ve`~led~s$@{uvqenko ~ve`~led~ `ve kne`c aiv _z`~ve`~led~s$_h`hd`r Hus`kd mviuz h`s ~ken uz }k~h ~heH{`gul`~` mviuz ia B`z`d `dn se~uz ~he

}ivcns c`vmes~ @{uvqenko he`c~h vesiv~#f`sen id ~he av`dohksee s{s~el# id ~he U_ksc`dn ia _`kz`d# iaa ~he zòkako oi`s~$

în`{ @{uvqenko feù~{ ~ve`~led~s h`qefeoile `d klziv~`d~ oilzided~ ia oisleseu~ko`cs$ Ex~edskid ia iuv av`dohkseqed~uves fv`dnkdm `ve qev{ luoh ` z`v~ ia

iuv au~uve zc`ds$

Oilkdm ia _z`s


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@ooivnkdm ~i ~he c`~es~ îuvksl _`~ecck~e @ooiud~kdm (^_@+ vese`voh#

vece`sen f{ ~he ]ivcn ^v`qec `dn îuvksl Oiudokc (]^Ô+ `dn k~ss~v`~emko z`v~dev Ixaivn Eoidilkos kd L`voh 6::;2

^he nel`dn aiv ~v`qec `dn ~iuvksl kd Kdnk` ks exzeo~en ~i mvi} f{ 8$6 zev oed~fe~}eed 6:0: `dn 6:0; `dn }kcc zcòe Kdnk` `~ ~he ~hkvn zisk~kid kd ~he }ivcn$

Kdnk`s ~v`qec `dn ~iuvksl seo~iv ks exzeo~en ~i fe ~he seoidn c`vmes~ elzci{ev kd~he }ivcn# elzci{kdm >:#:?=#::: f{ 6:0;$

O`zk~`c kdqes~led~ kd Kdnk`-s ~v`qec `dn ~iuvksl seo~iv ks exzeo~en ~i mvi} `~ 8$8zev oed~ fe~}eed 6:0: `dn 6:0;$

^he veziv~ aiveo`s~s Kdnk` ~i me~ o`zk~`c kdqes~led~ }iv~h U_. ;>$5 fkcckid kd ~he~v`qec `dn ~iuvksl seo~iv kd 6:0;$

Kdnk` ks zvibeo~en ~i feoile ~he aka~h a`s~es~ mvi}kdm fuskdess ~v`qec nes~kd`~kidavil 6:0:,6:0; }k~h `d es~kl`~en ve`c mvi}~h v`~e ia =$1 zev oed~$

Zvez`vkdm aiv ~he 6:0: Oillid}e`c~h M`les kd Nechk# ~he îuvksl Lkdks~v{ ksexzcivkdm ~he zviqkskid ia ~ed~en òoillin`~kid ~i ~iuvks~s kd A`vkn`f`n `dn_uv`b gudn kd de`vf{ H`v{`d`$

^he Vi`n @he`n


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^h`dgs

[imesh GedneD`qk Lulf`k# Kdnk`

]vk~e ~i {imesh$gedneJml`kc$oil

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Tourism Industry - India 2010