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Tourism Revision-We will revise the main points in the Tourism Topic
-We will know how to use questions as part of our revision
Knowledge Check List• Reasons for global increase in tourism• Potential of cities, mountains and coasts for tourism development• Economic importance of tourism to contrasting parts of the world• Contribution of tourism to the UK economy• Impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK• Tourist area/ resort life cycle model• The meaning of mass tourism• The positives and negatives of mass tourism• Strategies for maintaining tourism and reducing the impacts of it• The attraction of extreme environments• The impact of tourism on extreme environments• The need for stewardship and conservation• How tourism can help sustainable development
Growth in Tourism
Why is tourism growing?1)
2)
3)
4)
Why are some areas getting more popular?
1)
2)
3)
Growth in Tourism
Why is tourism growing?1) More disposable income
around the globe2) More paid holiday / holiday
entitlement3) Travel is cheaper /
Technology is better4) Holiday Providers and range
of holiday destinations up5) Media / TV
Why are some areas getting more popular?
1) Improvement in transport
2) Better marketing
3) Improved infrastructure
What’s the attraction?
Type Coast/ City/ Mountains
CITY MOUTAINS COSTAL
Attractions CULTUREENTERTAINMENTSHOPPING
SCENERYWALKINGCLIMBINGSKIINGSNOW BOARDING
SWIMMINGSNORKELLINGFISHINGWATER SPORTSSEA SIDE RESORTS
Examples LONDON, NEW YORK, PARIS, ROME
ALPS, ROCKIES CARRIBEANTHAILAND
Theory- Importance of Tourism
• Creates jobs for local people which helps the economy grow
• Increase the income of businesses that supply tourism
• Important to rich and poor countries in bringing in money and jobs
• Poorer countries are more dependent on tourism (UK 3% of GNP Vs 15% of Kenya)
Questions...Give two reasons why tourism is an important economic activity (2 marks).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contrast the economic importance of tourism in rich and poor countries (2 marks).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
UK Tourism
Countryside and Historic Landmarks
Churches, Cathedrals & Castles
Half of visitors to UK go to London
£114 billion into UK economy& 1.4 million jobs
Explain why the UK is a popular tourist destination. (4 marks)
Key Ideas:-Transport links & infrastructure-Attractions-Marketing
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Explain the factors that lead to increasing and decreasing tourism in
the UK• Cheap package flights to the Mediterranean since
1970 allowed UK working classes the chance of guaranteed hot sunny weather.
• Higher expectations by the paying public.• Traditional bucket and spade holidays lose their
fashionable appeal.• Longer holidays allow fortnight bookings,
encouraging overseas holidays.• Lack of investment from local authorities causes the
infrastructure to become run-down eg flaky paintwork and graffiti – discouraging future visits.
Annotate the Butler Life Cycle Model
TimeKey Ideas:Exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, rejuvenation, decline
UK Case Study: BlackpoolStages:• 1860s – seaside becomes fashionable for the affluent/wealthy as
railways make coastal resorts accessible.• 1890s – Day trippers include factory workers helped with bank
holiday excursion trains.• 1920s – One week factory holidays increases the tourists/staying
visitors.• 1950s – increased paid holidays with a post-war economic boom.• 1970s – decline due mainly to overseas package tours.• 1980s – resort either:-
- declines eg Herne bay; - rejuvenates itself eg Blackpool- Uncovers niche market eg oyster festival at Whitstable
UK Case Study: Blackpool
To counter the Mediterranean competition Blackpool now:-• Offers wet weather facilities such as indoor swimming pools,• Extended the ‘illuminations’ season through until November,• Diversified with year round activities such as Business
Conferences,• Built a range of night clubs to successfully tap into the ‘stag-
do-hen-party’ market,• Expanded the range of rides such as the rollercoaster.
UK Case Study: Blackpool
• Voted UK’s favourite seaside resort• Winter Illuminations ‘breathtaking’• 1.3 million visitors at least per year• 19,000 tourist related jobsNB Football team gaining promotion into the
Premier League helps.
Mass Tourism
• Definition: refers to the act of large numbers of people staying in the same place such as the Spanish Costas in the 1970s and 80s.
Mass Tourism“Mass tourism is organised tourism for large
numbers of people.”Positives Negatives
Economic Impacts
Social Impacts
Environmental Impacts
Mass Tourism“Mass tourism is organised tourism for large
numbers of people.”Positives Negatives
Economic Impacts
•Bring money to local economy•Creates jobs for locals•Boost local economy supplying tourism
•A lot of the profit is kept by the large travel companies
Social Impacts •More jobs= young people stay in area•Improved roads, communications and infrastructure•Tourism income can be invested into community projects
•Tourism jobs available to locals badly paid and seasonal•Traffic congestion & inconvenience•Behaviour of some tourists
Environmental Impacts
•Income from tourism can be reinvested in protecting environment
•Transportation releases green house gas•Increased litter and pollution•Destruction of local wild life e.g. Boats damage coral
Increasing Tourism and Reducing the ImpactWays to reduce negative impacts:
1.
2.
3.
Maintaining Tourism
B
R
A
C
I
O
Increasing Tourism and Reducing the ImpactWays to reduce negative impacts:
1. Improve public transport less congestion & pollution
2. Limit numbers to sensitive sites
3. Provide bins for litter
Maintaining Tourism
Build new facitlites
Reduce impacts that make tourism less effective
Advetise and market
Cheaper to visit
Improve transport infrastructure
Offer new activites
Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment)
Extreme Tourism
Attractions
Reasons for Increasing
Damage to the Environment
Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment)
Extreme Tourism
Attractions
Reasons for Increasing
Damage to the Environment
Adventure holidays
Different & exciting
Risk
Wildlife
Scenery
Improved transport
Last chance to see
More disposable income
Adverts & TV programmes
Trees cut down for fuel
Deforestation destroys habitats
Deforestation leads to flooding
Less roots leads to soil erosion
Footpath erosion
Water pollution- Sewage
Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment): Case Study - Antartica
Why?scenery, wildlife, activities like cruises, kayaking, climbing, helicopter rides.
Why has it increased in popularity?more thrill seekers, more activities, more accessible, appeals to tourists, ship sizes increased. 9000 tourists in 1992 has grown to 37000 in 2006 and 46000 in 2008 and the numbers are expected to double over the next 10 years. 100+ companies offer extreme holidays to Antartica.
Impacts: sea pollution, littering, fragile resources.
Sustainability: supervision of tourists means; no littering, no contact with animals, no walking on lichens, no trespassing, permit must be gained for activities.
can be more sustainable by increasing the amount of people per boat and increasing the amount of supervisors.
Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment): Case Study - Antartica
Case Study:Tourism in
Antartica/Southern ocean
Impacts
Sustainable management
Visitor NumbersWhy go?
Cruise Ships
Over-flights
Glacial landscapes , wildlife – seals whales and
penguins
Camping
Naturalist, photographers, journalists
6700 in 199245,000 in 2009
1000-5000 researchers a year
Over flying causing stress
Foot prints remain for a
long time
Tern colonies
suffer disturbances
Damage – natural causes
Code of conduct
No litter
Scott Polar research
Antarctic tourism shows environmental
concern
Ecotourismviewing small benefits environment local responsibility protecting conserving harm
Tourism that does not __________ the environment and __________ the __________ people Involves:Conservation: __________ & managing __________ Stewardship: Taking __________ for __________ environment Should involve local people & local organisations Normally __________ scale with a small number of tourists Activities often involve wildlife __________ and walking
Ecotourism
• Tourism that does not harm the environment and benefits the local people
• Involves:– Conservation protecting & managing environment– Stewardship Taking responsibility for conserving
environment• Should involve local people & local organisations• Normally small scale with a small number of tourists• Activities often involve wildlife viewing and walking
Environmental Benefits
-Local people encouraged to conserve the environment-Reduces poaching and hunting-Reduce the use of fossil fuel-Waste is carefully disposed of
Economic Benefits
-Creates jobs for local people-Additional local employment
Benefits for local people
-Locals have better more stable income-Many schemes have a community projects fund
Sustainable Development
-Improve quality of life but doesn’t stop the future getting that they need
-Aids local development
-Development without damage to the environment
Review...• Reasons for global increase in tourism• Potential of cities, mountains and coasts for tourism development• Economic importance of tourism to contrasting parts of the world• Contribution of tourism to the UK economy• Impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK• Tourist area/ resort life cycle model• The meaning of mass tourism• The positives and negatives of mass tourism• Strategies for maintaining tourism and reducing the impacts of it• The attraction of extreme environments• The impact of tourism on extreme environments• The need for stewardship and conservation• How tourism can help sustainable development