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TOURISM

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Tourism is the activities of people (tourists) travelling to, visiting and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business or other purposes for not more than one consecutive year. WHAT IS TOURISM?

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TERMDEFINITION International TourismSomeone who visits the Caribbean from overseas/abroad (e.g. someone from U.S.A visiting Dominica) Regional TourismOne who travels within the Caribbean (e.g. Someone from Jamaica visiting Aruba). Domestic TourismOne travelling in his or her home country (e.g. Trinidadian going to Tobago or a person from Florida visiting New York). ExcursionistsVisitors to different places in the country they are visiting or living in (e.g. Going to visit Maracas or the Museum). Tourism Sector (direct / indirect) A part of the economy in which workers are providing a service for tourists (direct) or marketing the product (indirect). For e.g. Direct Hyatt Regency or Indirect - Bunji Garlin advertising T&T Carnival on 106 & park. Tourism productThe total package and experience which the tourist buys including accommodation, food, transportation, activities, entertainment, shopping, and other goods & services.

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TERMDEFINITION Nature / Eco- Tourism Tourism for the purpose of watching wildlife (e.g. turtle-watching) or visit natural attractions (e.g. pitch lake) Sports TourismTourism in order to watch or participate in sports (e.g. Cricket World Cup, Football or sailing) Health TourismTourism to undergo health treatment or visit health spas Cultural / Heritage Tourism Tourism to visit historical and cultural events and places (e.g. Carnival, Tobago Jazz Festival, Fort George, Museums) Special EventsFor the purpose of conferences (Caribbean Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) or Americas Competitiveness Forum) or other events such as Beauty Pageants (Miss World or Miss Universe)

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TERMDEFINITION Economic linkageJoining or collaboration between two different industries, (e.g. tourism & handicraft or tourism & transportation) Economic leakageRevenue or money received from tourism is leaked out of the country receiving the tourists to another countrys economy who is supplying the hotels, imported food, etc. All-inclusive resort or holiday A holiday or location where all or most of the services such as transportation, accommodation, meals, beverages & entertainment are provided within the price and normally paid for in advance. Time-share TourismType of accommodation that is part-owned by a number of different people who each take turns in staying in that condo, room or guest house. Marketing TourismIdentifying and satisfying the needs and wants of tourists in order to encourage them to buy the products. Home portingThe main port in which the cruise ships is permanently based and occurs when ships take visitors to and from that port for their holiday. Host & Supply Countries The country visited and the home country where the tourists came from. E.g. in the case of a tourist from Canada visiting Grenada,: Canada is the supply country (supplying the tourist) and Grenada is the host country (receiving the tourist).

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Traditionally, tourists visit the Caribbean because of Sun, Sea & Sand Tourists visit a destination for a number of reasons. These include: Recreation/Fun Sightseeing Shopping Health Education Business Cultural or Heritage events / activities Visit family and/or friends REASONS FOR TRAVEL:

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The Caribbean region is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. There are many reasons why the Caribbean is an attractive tourist destination: 1.Tropical Climate (warm weather, hot sun) 2.Physical Features: beaches with white sands, clear blue waters cliffs, volcanic craters, caves, reefs, springs FACTORS WHY TOURISTS CHOOSE THE CARIBBEAN:

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3.Exotic Flora (plants) & Fauna (animals) 4.Unique Festivals: Carnival, Crop-over, Junkanoo, Jazz Festival, Reggae Sunsplash 5.Sports Cricket, Football, Netball, Diving, Swimming, Golf 6.Exhibitions Crafts & Trade 7.Conferences medical, educational, trade, commerce or business 8.Religious Activities Pilgrimages FACTORS WHY TOURISTS CHOOSE THE CARIBBEAN:

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Stop Over/Stay Over spend more than a day and less than a night Same Day less than 24 hours Domestic Tourists travel within national boundaries of homeland (e.g. Trinidadians visiting the pitch lake) Regional Tourists travel within the region (e.g. Trinidad to Jamaica or Venezuela to Brazil) International Tourists cross international borders (e.g. Barbados to Canada) Yachties enter ports, repair yachts and stay for festivals or other activities Returning nationals return home from residing abroad to visit relatives or festivals or national activities. TYPES OF TOURISTS

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Major revenue earner it brings in foreign exchange (money) through: Travel Accommodation/Rooms Food Sightseeing Departure Taxes Job Creation / Increased employment: Many jobs are created (directly or indirectly) with the arrival of tourists including pilots, taxi drivers, chefs, hotel managers, tour guides, etc. Promoting country in the world wide market: If treated kindly, hospitably and welcomed warmly, visitors would spread the word and encourage other tourists to visit the Caribbean. BENEFITS OF TOURISM

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Advertising / promotion through social media Treating visitors politely, hospitably, fairly, willing to help Ensuring there is an adequate number of security or police patrolling well known tourist attractions and during major events (safety) Ensuring the country has a clean and healthy atmosphere Providing sufficient facilities (water, roads, electricity, accommodation, entertainment, food and transportation) Providing adequate recreational activities and reasonable opening hours Expanding educational facilities HOW TO ENCOURAGE MORE TOURISTS TO VISIT YOUR COUNTRY?

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On August 5 th 2014, the Huffington Post described Maracas Bay in T&T as one of the most perfect beaches in the world! This positive advertisement and reviews could definitely promote T&T as a popular tourist destination! http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/05/maracas-bay_n_5634399.html

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Picture of Maracas Bay taken from the Huffington Post (see link on previous slide)

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People would not want to visit a host country for a number of reasons. Some of the problems that scare off tourists include: Crime (robbery, rape, kidnapping, murder) Natural Disasters Terrorism War Social & Infrastructure problems bad roads, drains, airports, no water, bad health care, etc. Political Unrest (problems with the government and religious or ethnic persecution) Harassment and unwelcoming behaviour towards tourists Availability, cost & quality of tourist services Environmental problems Accessibility (how easy it is to reach the country) WHAT CAN DETER TOURISTS?

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TRAVEL ADVISORY FROM SUPPLY COUNTRIES:

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Security of funding for investment Marketing Research Training Shortage of labour Water Supply Global Terrorism Lack of direct air access for major tourist- generating markets Emerging destinations Cruise ship policies CHALLENGES FACING THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION:

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Re-entry of other islands in the tourism arena will affects some islands that depend heavily on tourism Need to increase room accommodations and upgrade facilities Need for trained personnel Increase in skilled technicians Promote careers within the tourist sector from as early as primary and secondary school Public utilities have to be expanded and improved Income levels of tourists have to be researched Need to increase flights and to provide proper airport facilities to accommodate incoming tourists WHAT AFFECTS DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM?

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Damage to coral reefs in a variety of ways: Tourists walking on corals or taking them as souvenirs Hotels along the coast have polluted the beaches by sewage which adversely affects the nutrients of coral reefs Improper disposal of sewage by hoteliers can also transmit deadly diseases such as dysentery, typhoid and cholera Pollution of beaches by tourists NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF TOURISM ON ENVIRONMENT:

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Depletion of fishes to maintain food supplies to hotels, guest houses and airlines Beach erosion and destruction of mangroves in order to build hotel resorts Crime such as human trafficking, drug trafficking, pornography rings, kidnapping, prostitution, etc.

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Government policies that influence the development of tourism: 1.Meeting infrastructure requirements 2.Providing a well-trained workforce 3.Addressing environmental concerns 4.Addressing social problems such as crime to reduce travel advisories against host country 5.Creating a favourable investment climate 6.Providing an overseas marketing and promotional presence in key markets (supply countries) such as Tourist Boards or Ministry of Tourism. GOVERNMENT POLICIES THAT INFLUENCE TOURISM

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Role & Function of: Hotel Associations Tourist Boards Ministry of Tourism Caribbean Tourism Organisation Hospitality Schools SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR TOURISM

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Role of Donor Agencies: Caribbean Development Bank European Union Organisation of American States Canadian Inter-Development Agencies SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR TOURISM

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Marketing the Caribbean as a single destination Recognition of the tourism products packaged by each Caribbean country Common economic and marketing policies Create linkages within the Caribbean (communication) Concept of aviation hubs (a major airport serving a region to more remote areas that may not have official airports) PROMOTING REGIONAL CO-OPERATION & INTEGRATION THROUGH TOURISM BY:

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E-ticketing Internet Booking (reservations) Information Gathering Advertising Feedback IMPACT OF COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ON THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: