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TowardlargeFOVhigh-resolu3onX-rayimagingspectrometer:microwavemul3plexedreadoutof32TESmicrocalorimeters
PB-28
AbstractWe performed a small-scale demonstra5on at GSFC of high-resolu5onx-rayTESmicrocalorimetersreadoutusingamicrowaveSQUID mul5plexer. This work is part of our effort to developdetector and readout technologies for future space based x-rayinstruments suchas themicrocalorimeter spectrometerenvisagedforLynx,alargemissionconceptunderdevelopmentfortheAstro2020 Decadal Survey. In this paper we describe our experiment,includingdetailsofarecentlydesigned,microwave-op5mizedlow-temperaturesetupthatisthermallyanchoredtothe50mKstageofour laboratoryADR.Using a ROACH2 FPGA at room temperature,wesimultaneouslyreadout32pixelsofaGSFC-builtdetectorarrayvia a NIST-built mul5plexer chip with Nb coplanar waveguideresonatorscoupledtoRFSQUIDs.Theresonatorsarespaced6MHzapart(at~5.9GHz)andhavequalityfactorsof~15,000.Usingflux-rampmodula5onfrequenciesof160kHzwehaveachievedspectralresolu5onsof3-5eVFWHMoneachpixelat6keV.Wewillpresentthe measured system-level noise and maximum slew rates, andbriefly describe the implica5ons for future detector and readoutdesign.
MicrowaveSQUIDmul3plexing
�AfewGHzofbandwidthperamplifierchannel�TESscoupletouniquemicrowaveresonator�RFSQUIDsbuiltintomicrowaveresonator�Inductancemodulatesresonancefrequency�Linearizeoutputwithoutfeedback(commonmodula5on)�Singlemicrowavefeed-linecanreadouthundredsofpixels
�Fluxrampmuchfasterthaninputsignalàphaseshicφisalmostconstantduringrampandpropor5onaltoTEScurrent
Fluxrampmodula5on
φ =2πMΦ0
ITES
�Fordemodula5on
φ = arctanV (t)sin2π fc∑ tV (t)cos2π fc∑ t
⎛
⎝⎜⎜
⎞
⎠⎟⎟
(a) (b)
(b)
(a)
TES16-3.92eV
TES17-3.32eV
Interferewithother
TES19-3.29eV
TES20-5.59eV
TES21-3.34eV
TES22-3.49eV
TES23-3.51eV
TES24-4.28eV
TES25-5.32eV
TES26-3.73eV
DamagedNyquistchip
DamagedNyquistchip
Incorrectwiring
TES30-4.09eV
TES31-4.25eV
TES1-2.88eV
TES2-3.00eV
TES3-3.65eV
TES4-3.08eV
TES5-3.35eV
TES6-2.97eV
TES7-3.51eV
TES8-2.95eV
TES9-3.09eV
TES10-3.15eV
TES11-3.55eV
TES12-3.01eV
TES13-3.57eV
TES14-3.12eV
TES15-3.07eV
TES0-2.81eV
MnKαX-rayspectrum,R/Rn~20%
�<ΔE>[email protected]:Resonatorinten5onallyturnedofftoavoidinterferencewithotherresonator-TES20/25:Rela5velypoorenergyresolu5onduetoexcessdetectornoiseInprogress:fixedwiring,replaceddamagedNyquistchip(4/2017),requirednewµMUXchipduetosubsequentdamageduringhandling,µMUXscreeningunderway(4-7/2017)Futurework:microwavereadoutof‘Hydra’pixelsforLynx(seeBandler,Smith)
Lynx
nMicrocalorimeterdetectorarrayforLynx�Energyresolu3on:be]erthan3eVFWHMat0.2–10keV�Numberofreadoutchannel>56,000(numberofpixel>150,000withhydra)�Variousangularresolu5on,energyresolu5onandcountrates�Sensor:Transi5on-edgesensor(TES)ormagne5callycoupledcalorimeter(MCC)�Ini5alapproach:Useposi5on-sensi5veTESmicrocalorimeter,“Hydras”.Thesehavemul5pleabsorbersatachedtoeachsensor�Seealso-PE-46,“TheDesignoftheLynxX-rayMicrocalorimeter,”SimonBandleretal.-PE-59,“Designandop5miza5onofmul5-pixeltransi5on-edgesensorsforX-rayastronomyapplica5on,”StephenJ.Smithetal.
AlargemissionconceptunderdevelopmentbyNASAfortheAstro2020DecadalSurvey
�Tc~89mK�120um2TESs
�2.5umbacksideCu�Absorber:Au/Bi�0.5umSiNmembrane
TESbiasleads
Au/Biabsorber(250um2)
8X8TESmicrocalorimeter,NASA/GSFC
Ongoingwork:microwavemul3plexingof32TESmicrocalorimeters
uMUXchip,NIST
�FabricatedbyNIST�33Nbmicrowaveresonators�Resonancefreq.:5.7-6.0GHz�300kHzbandwidth�Frequencyspacing:~6MHz�Qualityfactor~15,000�Couplingconstant:8.73(SQUIDinput–fluxrampcircuit)
1mm
Roomtemperatureelectronics�ROACH2withMKIDADC/DACboard�ADC/DACsamplingrate:512Msps�Numberofchannels:32�Binselect:8MHzsamplingperchannel�Signalbandwidth:1MHz
�Solidline:measuredrf-SQUIDresponsetofluxrampsignal�Dashedline:fitedsignaltofindmixedfrequency�Fluxrampfrequency:160kHz,mixedfrequency~330kHz�Throwawaytransientpart,usedonly1Φ0
�33resonators�Centerfrequency~5.87GHz,6MHzspacing�Q~13500–Qc~14500àQi~1.5–2x105
ResponseoftheuMUXreadout
slewraterequirement:relatedtopulserise
Measuredsystemnoiseandslewrate
�NoiseofreadoutcircuitisthemeasurednoisewithoutTESconnec5on-microwavereadoutcircuit:30pA/√Hz-TESnoiselevel:~150pA/√HzàuMUXreadoutnoiseisafactorof~5belowtheTESnoiselevel
TESnoiselevel~150pA/√Hz
Readoutnoise~30pA/√Hz
Promisingini3alresults:microwavemul3plexingof5TESs
5resonatorswith5TESs
NEPwithX-ray:2.57–2.77eV@~5.9keV
16resonatormul3plexing(5TESs,11withoutTES)
NEPwithX-ray:2.60–2.81eV@~5.9keVNoNEPdegrada3oncomparedtofiveresonatormul3plexing!
R/Rn~15%
TES5=2.90±0.075eV
TES7=3.11±0.078eV
TES8=2.82±0.082eV
TES9=3.16±0.078eV
TES11=3.00±0.078eV
<ΔE>=3.00eVFWHM@MnKα5.9keV
ExcessnoiseTES20,25
Non-unifomityduetogradientinheatsinktemperature-fixedinsubsequentrun
DuetothedamagedNyquistinductorandincorrectwiring
�Maxslewratedependsonpulserise,fluxrampfrequencyandresonatorbandwidth-Tradebetweenslewratecapabilityandresonatorpackingdensity�ApproachesforLynx:-slowtheriseofthehydrapixels,increasetheresonatorbandwidth
input
output
10dBatenuator
Coil&apertureThermometer
uMUXchip
Nyquistchip
8X8TES
LowtemperatureuMUXsetup
Nbshield
T=55mK
AperturesI/Qmixer
Lowpassfilter
ROACH2+ADC/DAC
DualCh.Amp.
ChangedTESdetectorchipwiththegoalsof:1.Improvedenergyresolu5on–expectnon-mul5plexed∆EFWHM=1.6eVbasedonmeasurementsofsimilarchip2.32-channelmul5plexing–bondpadlayoutcompa5blewithµMUXchiplayout
dIdt
= 0.33 A/s
NASA/GSFC:WonsikYoon,JosephS.Adams,SimonR.Bandler,JamesA.Chervenak,AaronM.Datesman,MeganE.Eckart,FredM.Finkbeiner,RichardL.Kelley,CarolineA.Kilbourne,AntoineR.Miniussi,SamuelH.Moseley,FrederickS.Porter,JohnE.Sadleir,KazuhiroSakai,StephenJ.Smith,ThomasR.Stevenson,NicholasA.Wakeham,EdwardJ.Wassell,EdwardJ.WollackNa3onalRadioAstronomyObservatory(NRAO),UniversityofVirginia(UVA),NASA/GSFC:OmidNoroozianNIST/Boulder:DanBecker,DouglasA.Bennet,JosephW.Fowler,JohnathonD.Gard,GeneC.Hilton,JohnA.B.Mates,CarlD.Reintsema,DanielS.Swetz,JoelN.Ullom,LeilaR.Vale
Email:[email protected]
I/Q Modulator
I/Q Modulator
DAC16-bit
512Msps
ADC12-bit
512Msps
Virtex-6
HEMT
+26 dB
MITES
-10 dB -3 dB
NbTi
NbTi
Flux
mod
ulat
ion
TES
bias
55 mK
Re{S21}
Imag{S
21}
0
