1

towards

a successful

completion

Lars SørumChief Scientist, SINTEF Energy

Research

Coordinator

of

NextGenBioWaste

2

What

is NextGenBioWaste

really

about?

•

The

process–

Combustion

•

Fuels–

Municipal

Solid Waste

(MSW)

–

Biomass•

Type of

plants

–

Grate

furnaces

(waste)–

Fluidised

bed furnaces

(biomass

and waste)

–

Pulverized

fuels

furnaces

(biomass)•

Type of

activities

–

Demonstration

activities

(80% of

budget)–

R&D (20 % of

budget)

3

55 deliverables!11 deliverables with due date in january and february 2008

The

scope

of

4

14 demonstration

sites

in 6 countries!•

Italy–

A2A WtE

plant, Brescia•

Belgium–

ISVAG WtE

plant, Antwerpen •

Norway–

Marienborg

bioenergy

plant–

Heimdal Varmesentral WtE

plant•

The

Netherlands–

High

efficiency

waste

fired

power

plant, Amsterdam

–

AVR WtE

plant, Rozenburg•

Germany–

Gemeinschaftskraftwerk

Schweinfurth

WtE

plant

–

MVB Borsigstrasse

WtE

plant, Hamburg–

MVR Rugenburger

Damm WtE

plant, Hamburg

–

WtE

plant EVI, Emlichheim•

Sweden–

Händelö

CFB WtE

plant–

FB boiler

Högdalen

WtE

plant–

Nyköping

BFB bioenergy

plant–

Uppsala pulverized

fuel

boiler

5

1.

Increase the electric efficiency for waste to energy plants from 22% to 30% (gross generated)

2.

Double the lifetime of heat exchanger components at existing steam temperatures

3.

Increase the electric efficiency for biomass combustion plants from 33% to 35%, while making the systems more cost-effective by the use of more low-grade fuels

4.

Lower the fuel cost at least 1 mill.€/year for a 100 MWthbiomass combustion plant

5.

Enable technologies for upgrading of bottom ash, thus, enabling the utility companies to valorise from 70% of their bottom ashes for civil engineering purposes

NextGenBioWaste’s

Targets

6

Target 1 –

Increased

electrical

efficiency

Waste

Fired

Power

Plant in AmsterdamOwner: Afval

Energie

Bedrijft

Capacity: 1,5 mill. ton/year

7

Key

innovations

• Raising

steam

parameter to 440oC/130 bar

• Inconel

cladding

of

superheaters

•

Patented

steam

reheater, which

reheates

the

steam

between the

high

pressure

and the

low

pressure

turbine

•

Boiler

corrosion

can

be avoided

by avoiding

reheating

in

the boiler

•

Extra

economisers, optimization

of

energy

consumption

and yield

of

energy

•

Bigger

boiler

than

current

standard in WtE: enables

lower

flue gas velocities

and fouling

of

the

boiler

and superheater

8

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

1-0

3-09

8-0

3-09

15-

03-0

9

22-

03-0

9

29-

03-0

9

5-0

4-09

12-

04-0

9

19-

04-0

9

26-

04-0

9

3-0

5-09

10-

05-0

9

17-

05-0

9

24-

05-0

9

31-

05-0

9

7-0

6-09

14-

06-0

9

21-

06-0

9

28-

06-0

9

5-0

7-09

12-

07-0

9

19-

07-0

9

26-

07-0

9

2-0

8-09

9-0

8-09

16-

08-0

9

23-

08-0

9

30-

08-0

9

6-0

9-09

13-

09-0

9

20-

09-0

9

27-

09-0

9

4-1

0-09

11-

10-0

9

18-

10-0

9

25-

10-0

9

1-1

1-09

8-1

1-09

15-

11-0

9

22-

11-0

9

29-

11-0

9

6-1

2-09

13-

12-0

9

20-

12-0

9

27-

12-0

9

Effic

ienc

y

ηMEP ηMEP montly average Best day of the month

Efficiency Waste Fired Power Plant 2009calculated according MEP (Dutch regulations for sustainable electricity production)

26,3%

30,9%29,3%

28,9%27,1%

28,3%

31,0%

32,1% 33,0% 33,3%

E net

+ 2/3 HeatηMEP

= ----------------------Energy in

9

The use of the additive ChlorOut®

to reduce corrosion, fouling and NOx emissions

Vattenfall Germany, Vattenfall Power Consultant and Vattenfall R&D

10

The ChlorOut

additive system –

known to work with virgin biomass, but not proven with household waste

2. IACM

(In situ Alkali Chloride Monitor) measures the amount of alkali chlorides left in the flue gas

ChlorOut solution

1. Sulphate

additives are sprayed into the furnace and convert corrosive alkali chlorides into less corrosive alkali sulphates

11

Results with ChlorOut ®

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

T92 X20 E1250 347 HSteel name and increasing Cr content

Cor

rosi

on in

µm

per

100

0 h

No ChlorOut

With ChlorOut

600°C Nyköping 10 weeks

12

Target 2 –

Doubled

lifetime

of

heat exchangers

•

Results:–

Long-term

tests in waste-wood

boiler

showed

that

using

the

ChlorOut

additive halved

the

corrosion

rates.

–

Short term test using

ChlorOut

on household

waste

combustion

confirm

a

reduction

rate of

more than

50%–

Supporting

information

•

Studies of the initial corrosion rates on both ferritic

and austenitic steels shows a reduction

rate with about 60% •

Reduction rate of more than 75% of the concentration of alkali chlorides in the flue gas

•

Chloride concentration in deposits reduced from ~8% to almost 0!

13

Demonstration of combustion of 100% waste wood in the Nyköping

CHP plant

Vattenfall Nordic Heat

Bubbling Fluidised Bed: 70 MWheat 35 MWel

District heating: 300-330 GWh Electricity: 100-120 GWh

14

Need for new bed bottom •

50% waste wood => stop every month for bed cleaning

•

Target: 100% waste wood!

15

Work performedNew bed bottomdesigned, tested

and

installed

40% less magneticmetals

to boiler

by

improved

separation

16

Target 3 and 4 –

Fuel

cost

savings

and high electrical

efficiency

with

low-grade

biomass

fuels

•

Results–

Share

of

waste

increased

from 50 to 100%

–

Availability

maintained

at same level

–

Fuel

costs

lowered

by 5 €/MWth

–

Annual

fuel

consumption

is 500 GWh

–

Total savings: 2,5 M€/year

–

Electrical

efficiency

is proven

to be high

and in the range of

35% depending

on

mode of

operation

17

Target 5 – Ash upgrading•

One

major demonstration

activity

was

originally

planned

•

Artificial

aging

of

bottom

ashes

by the

use

of CO2

•

The

planned

demonstration

facility

was

stopped due to less stringent requirements

on

ash

quality

for utilisation

purposes

18

R&D in

19

Combustion Layer SensorObjectives:-

To measure directly on the grate the combustion conditions (temperature, gas composition O2

/CO/CO2

)-

To obtain data for combustion models

Main results:-

Measuring tool able to survive 3h at T>1000°C

-

Data for operators (combustion conditions, residence time, etc.)

-

Possibility to extend measuring capabilities

20

Tests made in 8 MSW combustion plants:

-

Rozenburg (NL)/AVR-

Rotterdam (NL)/AVR

-

Amsterdam (NL)/AEB-

Schweinfurt (D)/GKS

-

Prague (CZ)/Municipality-

Brno (CZ)/Municipality

- Twence (NL)/Twence A&E

BV

- Coevorden (NL)/EUROPARK

21

Before

During

After

22

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Schweinfurt

Tem

pera

ture

(C)

Time (min)

Temp 1 Temp 2

23

The multi-fuel reactor systemSystem overview

Impactor

Heated filter

Monica II Monica I

Platform

Scale

Gas bottles, pressurised air, and

steam generator

Fuel Fuel

Flue gas suction system

Gas analysis

FTIR, GC,

Horiba

2 preheaters

2 preheaters

Preheater

2 preheaters

Preheater

FC panel

FC panel

Control

Logging

Control

Logging

Gas analysis

FTIR, GC,

Horiba

Ash Ash

Heated reactor

Heated reactor

Rotating grateRotating grate

Key data:up to 1100 °CID: 195 mm, H: 2 m35 + 8 + 2*4.5 = 52 kW up to 1.2 kg fuel/hup to 260 Nl air/min

Key data:up to 1300 °CID: 100 mm, H: 2 m16 + 4 + 4*3 = 32 kWup to 0.5 kg fuel/hup to 120 Nl air/min

View glass View glass

feeding feeding

24

Fuel feeding and grate

Piston

Feeding interval regulator

Fuel containers

25

Results

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Excess air ratio

NOx (ppm 11% O2, dry)

Non-staged combustion of coffee waste (3% N in fuel)

26

ResultsStaged combustion of coffee waste (3% N in fuel)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Excess air ratio

NOx (ppm 11% O2, dry)

27

New technology

and systematic slowness

•

Climate

researchers: We must!•

Technologist: We can!

•

Politicians: We shall!

•

So why

is renewable

energy

not being

implemented

to a greater

extent?

28

New technology

and systematic slowness

•

New technology

and innovations

must to a certain

extent

match existing

systems and future

plans•

Assumes

knowledge

and technology

at different

places

in the

value

chain•

The

challenge

is not only

to develop

new

technology, but

also

to develop the

society

in a direction

of

demaning

it

29

Incentives

for renewable

energy production

in Norway

and Germany

Incentives for renewable electricity production in Norway and Germany(numbers in €¢/kWh)

Norway1 Germany2

•

Hydropower

0,5 5-10•

Windpower

(onshore) 1,0 5-9

•

Immature technologiesand electricity

from

biomass 1,3 9-56

References1 St.meld. nr 29 (1998-1999)2 Mindestvergütungssätze nach dem neuen Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) vom 21. Juli 2004

30

Non-technical barriers

•

Statement

from the NextGenBioWaste

project

”The

technologydemonstrated

is ripe for

evolution

of

the

legislationand framework”

31

What’s next?Raising

the

electrical

efficiency

even further

-

Trough

advanced combustion

-Through

gasification systems

Reduced

CO2

emissions- Combined

biopower/CHP and CCS-

The

only

possibility

for negative CO2

emissions!