Towards IPCC 2006 GLs - changes and improvements in the methodologies for the Waste Sector EU Workshop on Waste 2-3 May 2006

Towards IPCC 2006 GLs - changes and improvements in the methodologies for the Waste Sector

EU Workshop on Waste

2-3 May 2006

Riitta Pipatti 2 May 2005 2

Contents

2006 IPCC Guidelines - Waste volume: Solid waste treatment and disposal

solid waste disposal sitesbiological treatment

Wastewater treatment and discharge Incineration and open burning of waste

This presentation:changes and improvements to 1996 GLs and GPG 2000


Solid waste treatment and disposal

Recycling and reuse biological treatment (composting, anaerobic digestion) mechanical-biological treatment (MB, MBT) solid waste disposal (landfills) incineration and open burning of waste




Included in the IPCC 1996 GLs









Separate chapter




Options and combinations many - challenges in developing default methodologies and default factors


Data Collection for solid waste treatment and disposal

Waste generation, management and disposal by region/country

Municipal solid waste, industrial amounts (per capita)waste compostion

degradable organic and fossil carbon contentcomposition changes during treatment


Example of a waste stream

Paper WasteGENERATION(total 1000 ton)(Mois. 200 ton)(DOC 400 ton)

STREAM A (composting)(total 100 >> 78 ton)(Mois. 20 >> 30 ton)(DOC 40 >>8 ton)

STREAM B (incineration)(total 200 >> 20 ton)(Mois. 20 >> 5 ton)(DOC 40 >>0 ton)

STREAM C (direct landfillingland filling)(total 200 >> 195 ton)(Mois. 20 >> 15 ton)(DOC 40 >> 40 ton)

RESOURCE RECOVERY(total 500 ton)(Mois. 100 ton)(DOC 200 ton)

SWDS(total 293 ton, Mois. 50 ton andDOC 48 ton)



Waste composition - waste fractionspaper/cardboard • garden/parkwastetextiles • woodrubber/leather • food wasteplastic • ash, inerts, othermetalglass



Updated values for degradable organic content in the waste fractions (default in wet and dry waste, ranges)

data also on industrial waste generation in some countriesa table with default values for composition and carbon

content in industrial waste by industry type to be developed in Second Order Draft

Activity data collection addressed both under solid waste treatment and disposal (general) and the management/treatment options (specific)


Solid waste disposal sites (landfills)

Methodological issues for estimation of CH4 emissionsuse of the mass balance method discouragedTier 1 First order decay method developed

equation in GPG2000 improved (more precise and easy to use: step by step guidance and spreadsheets provided)

provides also an estimate on carbon stored in the landfill (check for HWP)

Tier 1a - waste composition FOD modelTier 1b - site-type dependent FOD model



Tier 2 - as Tier 1 but using key country-specific data (waste disposal data for at least 10 years, DOC or Lo)

Tier 3 - typically based on high-quality site-specific measurements or modelling



Choice of activity data historical data for more than 50 years (default)

extrapolation using population data, economic or other indicators drivers

MSW - default population or urban population, depending on availability of data

Industrial waste - industrial production by industry type, or GDP, depending on availability of data

Reference to statistics with population and GDP data given



Parameters: improved guidance and/or updated values methane correction factor - default also for semi-aerobic

sites half-life (instead of decay rate) - more transparent and easy

to understandby climate zone (dry and wet climates separately) and by

waste compostion or site type (managed - unmanaged deep - unmanaged shallow)


Biological treatment

Methodology for CH4 and N2O emissions composting and anaerobic digestion (with energy recovery to be

reported in the Energy Sector

Simple equation

CH4 or N2O Emissions = Mi EFij

default emission factors derived from a limited number of literature (to be improved in the SOD)

MB treatment - emissions depending on application (no default method or EFs) - assumes no emissions during separation


Incineration and open burning of waste

CO2 (from fossil carbon in waste), N2O and CH4 from incineration and open burning of waste

Tiers - consistent with other sources

Waste composition and fossil carbon content EFs for both wet and dry weight



open burning - important in developing countries (developed countries?)

default: population whose waste is not collected is assumed to burn their waste (rural population)

in a region where urban population exceeds 80% - assumtion that no open burning of waste occurs



N2O and CH4 emissions - dependent on technology and combustion/burning conditions

CH4 - usually small or negligible in incineration - included for completeness and consistency with the Energy Sector

open burning of waste - more significant emissions N2O - temperature, N-content of fuels,


Waste water treatment and discharge (disposal)

CH4 and N2O emissions from domestic (municipal) and industrial waste water

simplified methodology - wastewater and sludge together in the methodology (sludge removed subtracted - guidance on emissions from disposal or use in agriculture addressed under these sector/categories)

improved tier-structure for CH4 emissions CH4 only from main industrial sectors updated default parameters examples how to estimate emissions


General for all sectors - indirect CO2 and N2O emissions

Indirect CO2 - from NMVOC and CH4 emissions from fossil sources (combustion - oxidation factors include also indirect CO2) => not relevant for the waste sector (incomplete combustion especially for open burning of waste)?

NOx and NH3 emissions - source of indirect N2O emissions due from nitrogen deposition => some emissions from biological treatment, wastewater and SWDSs (importance small; methodology for the NOx and NH3 emissions in CORAIR Guidebook )


Summary

Evolution - not revolution: methodological improvements and better default data

SWDS - FOD method to be used by all - improved comparability and user-friendliness

Biological treatment - complements the guidance, emissions estimated to be small

Open burning of waste - important for especially for developing countriess

First Order Draft on the Waste Volume in 2006 GLs - needs still improvements (e.g. default values and consistency among the chapters)


2006 Gls - next steps

Consideration of comments from the expert review in July (Lead Author meeting in Moscow)

Government and Expert Review September - October Consideration of comments in December Final draft for IPCC approval in spring 2006

Documents

Towards IPCC 2006 GLs - changes and improvements in the methodologies for the Waste Sector EU Workshop on Waste 2-3 May 2006