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Toxics in Surface Water and Freshwater Fish of the Willamette River Basin, OR (2008-2009)
May , 2011 Oregon Water Conference Corvallis, OR
Jim Coyle, Ben Johnson, Allen Hamel
Oregon Department of Environmental QualityLaboratory and Environmental Assessment Division
Topics
• Oregon’s Toxics Monitoring Program
• Spatial / Temporal Scope
• Sampling Sites / Media / Timing
• 2008-2009 Willamette River findings
• Senate Bill 737 and Pesticide Stewardship Partnership Overview/Summary
Today’s Presentation
Toxics Monitoring Program
- Objectives -
• State-wide, watershed-based toxic pollutant monitoring and evaluation program
• Document concentrations of toxic pollutants in Oregon waters and biota, interpret findings relevant to established criteria
• Support pollutant reduction strategies and assess progress towards meeting established criteria
Long Term
• Long-term
– All major basins on a rotating schedule
Initial / Long Term• 2008 -2010
– Scope / develop Program– Willamette River Basin and associated
tributaries – Water and freshwater fish
Toxics Monitoring Program
- Spatial Scope -
• 2010 - 2011– Fish collections (Rogue & Umatilla –
2010)
– Water collections (Rogue & Umatilla – 2011)
Toxics Monitoring Program
- Approach -
Toxic pollutants suspected to: - be present in Oregon’s surface waters - pose threats to human health and the
environment
Environmental media of interest
- Water column (2008 - 2010)
- Fish tissue (2008 – 2010)
- Sediment / artificial samplers (Future)
Toxic pollutants and media of interest
Toxics Monitoring Program
- Approach -
Water
PAHs PCBs
PBDEs Metals
Current-use & Legacy Pesticides
Industrial Materials & Solvents
“Contaminants of Emerging Concern”
Targeted Organic Analytes (~ 270)
(Continued)
- pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers
Approach
Organics in Water: Sampling Considerations
Prior to seasonal reservoir releases
Rising Limb of hydrograph
(Continued)
Spring transition
Approach
Water Collection Sites – Organics (20)
(Continued)
Approach
Fish Dioxins/ Furans OC Pesticides
PCB Congeners PBDE Congeners
Total Mercury
2008-2009 Target Analytes (Fillets)
(Continued)
Approach
Fish Collection Reaches
(Continued)
Mainstem (6)
Major Tributaries (5)
Multnomah Channel (1)
Fungicide/Herbicides 2,4-DAtrazineChloronebDicambaDiuronMetolachlorMetribuzinPropiconazoleSimazine
PharmaceuticalsAcetominophenCaffeineCarbamazepineCodeineDEETDiphenhydramineSulfamethoxazoleVenlafaxine
Upper Willamette
Insecticides Oxyamyl
OrganicsBis(2-ethylhexyl) -phthalateDiethylphthalatePentachlorophenol
SteroidsCholestrerolCoprostanol
Fungicide /Herbicides2,4-DAtrazineDiuronHexazinoneMetolachlorMetribuzinPropiconazoleSimazine
PharmaceuticalsAcetominophenCarbamazepineDEETSulfamethoxazole
Middle WillametteInsecticides Oxyamyl
OrganicsBenzo[g,h,i]peryleneBis(2-ethylhexyl) -phthalateIndeno[1,2,3-cd] -pyrenePBDE 138PBDE 153PBDE 154Pentachlorophenol
SteroidsCholestrerolCoprostanolEstriol
Lower WillametteFungicide/Herbicides 2,4-D Atrazine Baygon Carbaryl Carbofuran Chloroneb Chlorpropham Diuron Hexazinone Metolachlor Metribuzin Norflurazon Prometon Propiconazole Pyraclstrabin Simazine Terbutylazine Triclopyr
PharmaceuticalsAcetominophenCaffeineCarbamazepineCodeineDEETDiphenhydramine SulfamethoxazoleVenlafaxineInsecticides Imidacloprid Oxyamyl
OrganicsBis(2-ethylhexyl) -phthalateBromodichloro -methanePentachlorophenol
SteroidsCholestrerolCoprostanol
Summary of Organic Detects by Reach
Summary Findings(Continued)
220 Detects
107 Detects
97 Detects
Low
er
Mid
dle
Upp
er
Summary Findings
Waterborne Organics 2008 -2009
Fungicide/Herbicide
Pharmaceutical
Insecticide
Organic (inc. DEET)
Steroid
Number of Detects by Site and Analyte Group
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35 Number of Detects in Each Analyte Group by Site
Site
Nu
mb
er o
f D
etec
ts
Summary Findings(Continued)
Number of Detects in Each Analyte Group in Tributaries vs. Main Stem
Organics
Insecticides
Pharmaceuticals (inc. DEET)
Steroids
Fungicides/Herbicides
Total PCBs
Will
amett
e at E
ugene
McK
enzie
at C
oburg R
d
Will
amett
e at H
arris
burg
Will
amett
e at
Corvall
is
Santia
m n
ear m
outh
Will
amett
e at W
heatla
nd Fer
ry
Yamhill
nea
r mouth
Will
amett
e at N
ewber
g
Tualatin
at B
oones F
erry
Rd
Clackam
as at
Hig
h Rock
s
Will
amett
e at P
ortlan
d
Multn
omah
Chan
nel at
St. Hele
ns0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000 92300
8467 89203284 2410 3045
11558
2022 3420 4770
32199
12700
Northern Pike Minnow BassEPA SV Subsistence Fisher (2540) EPA SV Recreational Fisher (20000)
Tis
sue
-- T
otal
PC
B (
ng/
Kg
wet
wt
)
(Continued)
Summary Findings: Fish Tissue
Summary Findings: Fish TissueTotal DDT
Willa
mette a
t Eug
ene
McK
enzie
at C
obur
g Rd
Willa
mette a
t Harr
isbur
g
Willa
mette a
t Cor
vallis
Santia
m near
mouth
Willa
mette a
t Whe
atlan
d Ferr
y
Yamhil
l nea
r mou
th
Willa
mette a
t New
berg
Tualat
in at
Boo
nes F
erry R
d
Clacka
mas at
High
Roc
ks
Willa
mette a
t Por
tland
Mult
nomah
Cha
nnel
at St. H
elens
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000T
issu
e -
- T
otal
DD
T (
ng/
Kg
wet
wt)
Total DDT
2,3,7,8 Dioxin Equivalents
Will
amett
e at E
ugene
McK
enzie
at C
oburg R
d
Will
amett
e at H
arris
burg
Will
amett
e at
Corvall
is
Santia
m n
ear m
outh
Will
amett
e at W
heatla
nd Fer
ry
Yamhill
nea
r mouth
Will
amett
e at N
ewber
g
Tualatin
at B
oones F
erry
Rd
Clackam
as at
Hig
h Rock
s
Will
amett
e at P
ortlan
d
Multn
omah
Chan
nel at
St. Hele
ns0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
Northern Pike Minnow BassEPA SV Recreational Fisher (0.256)
Tis
sue
--
Dio
xin
TE
Q (
ng/
Kg
wet
wt)
(Continued)
Summary Findings: Fish Tissue
Total PBDEs
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
7467
12489
13710
2934 3278
11311
5456
1935.516
8375.28162962951
13712.0329558824
8822.193750000028375.28162962951
Northern Pike Minnow Bass EPA SV -- None
Tis
sue
-- T
otal
PB
DE
( n
g/K
g w
et w
t )
Total PBDE
(Continued)
Summary Findings: Fish Tissue
Total PBDEsMercury
Will
amett
e at E
ugene
McK
enzie
at C
oburg R
d
Will
amett
e at H
arris
burg
Will
amett
e at
Corvall
is
Santia
m n
ear m
outh
Will
amett
e at W
heatla
nd Fer
ry
Yamhill
nea
r mouth
Will
amett
e at N
ewber
g
Tualatin
at B
oones F
erry
Rd
Clackam
as at
Hig
h Rock
s
Will
amett
e at P
ortlan
d
Multn
omah
Chan
nel at
St. Hele
ns0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
Northern Pike Minnow Bass EPA SV Subsistence Fisher (0.049)
Tis
sue
-- M
ercu
ry (
mg/
Kg
wet
wt
)
(Continued)
Summary Findings: Fish Tissue
• Surface water sampled five times at 20 sites• No water quality criteria exceedances
documented
• Herbicides were most frequently detected pollutant class; insecticides rarely detected
• Coprostanol (fecal contamination indicator) was found at nearly every site
• Multiple, low-level detects for “emerging contaminants”
Summary Findings: Waterborne Organics
2008 – 2009 Findings (5 collections)
• Legacy pesticides generally below screening level criteria for the protection of human health
• Halogenated industrial chemicals (PCBs & dioxins/furans) remain a concern
• Mercury levels remain elevated
• Elevated PCB concentrations in Eugene area fish fillets re-assessed in 2009
Summary Findings: Fish Tissue
2008 Findings
Senate Bill (SB) 737
Background
• Oregon Legislature directed ODEQ to develop list of 118 Priority Persistent and bioaccumulative Pollutants ( “P3” list)
• P3 chemicals known/suspected to pose risks to human and environmental health, selected through deliberative process with public/stakeholder input
• Concentrations of P3 chemicals measured in final, treated effluent discharged by state’s largest municipal wastewater treatment plants
SB 737
Background (Continued)
• Treated effluent from 52 facilities sampled/analyzed twice for P3 and other (incidental) pollutants in 2010 (Jul/Aug & Nov/Dec)
• When possible, measured pollutants were compared to maximum contaminant level (MCL) established by the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (33 pollutants)
• Pollutants lacking established MCLs compared to “Plan Initiation Levels” established by the Environmental Quality Commission (EQC).
• Facilities required to develop Reduction Plans when measured concentrations exceed targets
SB 737
Background (Continued)
• Effluent analyzed for > 400 chemicals using 15 methods
• 116 “P3” compounds measured in effluent included:• Pharmaceuticals & personal care products• Current use pesticides• Legacy compounds • PCBs, dioxins, furans• Flame retardants • Musks /fragrances
SB 737
Background (Continued)
• Of 116 “P3” compounds measured in the effluent:
• 33 detected, 5 exceeded Plan Initiation Levels
• Cholesterol/coprostanol -byproducts of human digestion• Temporary rulemaking eliminated need to develop
reduction plans for cholesterol/coprostanol
• 5 facilities completing reduction plans for 3 chemicals • Beta-sitosterol (2), Pyrene (1), & Arsenic (2)
Cholesterol Coprostanol Beta-sitosterol Pyrene Arsenic
SB 737
Findings
Acetaminophen
Caffeine
Carbamazepine
Codeine
Cotinine
Diphenhydramine
Ibuprofen
Sulfamethoxazole
Venlafaxine
DEET
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products % of Facilities with Detection by Compound
SB737 All Facilities (N = 52)
Facilities with measurable pharmaceuticals/personal care products
SB 737
Findings (Continued)
• Commonly Detected Pesticides– Herbicides
• Diuron detected in 70% of facilities (summer)
• Imazapyr detected at 10% of facilities (summer)
• Also….2,4-D, Triclopyr, Dicamba, 2,4-DB, Pentachlorophenol, Prometon
– Insecticides• Imidacloprid detected at 12% of
facilities
SB 737
Findings (Continued)
SB 737
What Next ?
• Effluent data publically available in May
• Presentation to EQC in mid-June
• Reduction Plans due July 1, 2011
Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships (PSPs):Overview
Monitor for current use pesticides in surface waters
from drift & runoff
Identify streams with elevated pesticide concentrations
Collaborate to implement voluntary
best management practices
Follow-up monitoring to determine improvements
over time
Key Steps / Ongoing Partnerships
Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships:Findings
Most Commonly Detected Herbicides (2009-10, all PSP sub-basins)
Active ingredient
Detection Frequency
Common Use SitesClackamas, Pudding,
Yamhill
Hood River, Walla Walla, Wasco
Diuron (> benchmark)
79- 100% 25 - 44% Commercial: Crops, Rights Of Way,
Ditchbanks, Etc.
Simazine 68 - 87% 3 - 31% Commercial: Crops, Rights Of Way, Golf Courses, Buidlings, Etc.
Atrazine 12 - 76% 0 - 4%Commercial Restricted Use Pesticide: Crops, Rights Of Way, Golf Courses, Recreation., Etc.
Metolachlor 25 -67% 0 - 1% Commercial: Crops (Corn, Beans…)
Metribuzin 0 - 55% 0 - 10% Commercial: Crops, Turfgrass, Fallow Lands
Pendamethalin 1 - 27% 0 - 0% Commercial & Home: Crops, Golf Courses, Lawns, Ornamentals, Etc.
Hexazinone 4 - 8% 0 - 17% Commercial: Crops, Rights Of Way, Rangeland, Etc.
Glyphosate71%
(2005 USGS Clackamas
Rpt.)
Commercial & Home – Widespread –
Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships:Findings
Most Commonly Detected Insecticides (2009-10, all PSP sub-basins)
Active ingredient
Detection Frequency
Common Use SitesClackamas,
Pudding, Yamhill
Hood River, Walla Walla,
Wasco
Carbaryl (>
benchmark)
8 - 19%
8 - 12%Commercial & Home: Many Crop & Non-crop Uses
Imidacloprid7 -
40%0 - 6%
Commercial & Home: Many Crop & Non-crop Uses
Ethoprop0 -
28%0 - 0%
Commercial: Restricted Use Pesticide; Ornamentals, Corn, Etc.
Azinphos-methyl(>WQ
standard)
0 - 1% 0 - 6%
Commercial: Restricted Use Pesticide; Fruit. Decline In Use And Overall DetectionsPhase-out By Sept. 2012.
Chlorpyrifos (>WQ
standard)
1 - 10%
2 - 9%Commercial: Restricted Use Pesticide; Crops. Rec. Row. Decline In Overall Detections
Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships:Findings
Most Commonly Detected Fungicides (2009-10, all PSP sub-basins)
Active ingredient
Detection FrequencyCommon Use Sites
Clackamas,
Pudding, Yamhill
Hood River, Walla Walla,
Wasco
Propiconazole
14 - 31%
0 - 2%Commercial & Home: Food Crops, Ornamentals, Golf Courses, Recreation, Etc.
Pyraclastrobin 5-12% 4-8%
Commercial: Food Crops, Ornamentals, Golf Courses, Recreation, Etc.
Pesticide Stewardship Partnerships:
Hood River: An Example of Desired Outcomes
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.000
0.010
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Chlorpyrifos - Lower Neal Creek (Spring)
Average Chronic WQS Acute WQS FrequencyYear
Av
era
ge
(u
g/l)
Fre
qu
en
cy
• Oregon’s Toxics Monitoring Program Supports Multiple Agency Priorities Fish Consumption Rate Pesticide Stewardship Partnership Drinking Water Source Protection WQ Integrated Report NPDES Permit Program Agency Toxic Reduction Strategy
Relevance
Agency Programs
Thank you for your interest in Oregon’s toxics monitoring efforts !
Questions ? Comments ?
Finis