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TP1 DielectricVegetable Oil
Chemical description
01
Paraffin
Naphthene
Aromatic Polyaromatic
Isoparaffin
0H2C
0
0HC
0
0H2Cα
ω
9 12 150
General structure of a natural ester: triglyceride.
Commonly present molecules in mineral oil
TP1 DVO® Vegetable Dielectric Oil, is a natural origin ester from edible seeds. Therefore, its chemical structure differs completely from mineral oils which are formulated from petroleum. Thus, TP1 DVO® is environmentally friendly, 100% biodegradable and renewable, so its final handling does not represent the final disposal issues mineral dielectric oils, askarels or synthetic fluids carry out.
TP1 DVO® is a natural ester, 100% impurities free and additional additives that might compromise its insulating and coolant performance in new and retrofilling electrical transmission and distribution equipment.
Unlike the mineral fluids derived from petroleum, TP1 DVO® does not contain aromatic molecules in its chemical structure that could be toxic or ash-containing, environment pollutant and/or flammable.
Due to its high purity, TP1 DVO® has an excellent electric currents flow opposition, preventing the electric charge movement and optimizing dielectric strength.
Physical and Chemical properties
TP1 DVO® is a highly demineralized dielectric fluid that meets the highest standards for color, appearance, viscosity, pouring point, combustion point, flash point, relative density and above all, dielectric strength and power factor according to all international standards.
Neutralization Number mg KOH/g
Lovibond Color Yellow, Red
ASTM Color
Moisture content
Kinematic viscosity (40°C)
Adimencional
Pour point -10.0°C Maximum
Flash point 250 Minimum
1.0 Maximum 1.0 Maximum
10 Yellow 2.0 Red 10 Yellow 2.0 Red
0.06 Maximum 0.060 Maximum
Kinematic viscosity (100°C) mm²/s 15 Maximum
Relative density (20/4°C) g/cm³
ppm
mm²/s 50 Maximum
°C
°C
Maximum 1 0.90 - 0.96
200 Maximum (pipe)
100 Maximum (barril)
50 Maximum
15 Maximum
-10.0°C Maximum
200
Ignition point
Interfacial Tension (25°C)
Power factor (25°C)
Power factor (90°C)
Dielectric strength (2.5mm)
Resistivity (25.0°C)
Power factor (100°C)
°C
mN/m
%
kV
Ω-cm
%
-
300 Minimum
275 Minimum
300 Minimum
22.0 - 32.0
0.20 Maximum
4.00 Maximum
Report
-
-
AS TM D1500-07
AOC S Cc 13b-45
AS TM D974-12
AS TM D1298-12b
AS TM D1533-00
AS TM D445-12
AS TM D445-12
AS TM D97
AS TM D92-12
AS TM D92-12
AS TM D971-99 (2004)
AS TM D924-08
AS TM D924-08
AS TM D 1169-09
IEC 60156 (2018)
IEC 60247-04
-
-
-
35 Minimum
-
0.05
PARAMETER UNITS IEC 62770 IEEE C57.147 METHOD
TP1 DVO® optimizes transformer performance”02
Enviromental and Health
As a natural vegetable oil derived from oilseeds, TP1 DVO® is 100% biodegradable, and therefore significantly reduces handling, transport and final disposal costs.
Environmental safety is determined by two basic factors: biodegradability and low toxicity. Fluids with high biodegradation rate and low toxicity indicators are classified as "environmentally friendly". These factors are very important when considering the application of dielectric insulating fluids in electrical equipment that operate in environmentally sensitive or vulnerable fields, such as watercourses, productive activity and densely populated areas, etc.
To avoid population and/or food polluting and toxicity issues, the "biodegradability" term reflects the fluid’s metabolized degree to which the soil’s natural microflora or water leakage or spill possible accident. It is clearly a good turn about, if those liquids used as dielectric fluids can naturally and quickly disappear without the high costly cleaning and final disposal processes. Vegetable dielectric oils are classified as "easily biodegradable" and "non-toxic" and therefore environmentally friendly.
03
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
BIODEGRADATION CURVE OF TP1 DVO®
Time (days)
04
TP1 DVO® can positively influence on insurances premiums at various industry branches due to low fire risks”
Fire Safety
The transformer oil flammability/ignition is one of the most important safety concerns in recent years. There have been many cases where transformer and substation explosions resulted in extensive fires that were difficult to extinguish and spread to the surroundings as the fluid escaped. The fire, ignition or flame point is defined as the temperature at which the liquid’s surface releases enough steam to maintain a fire for five seconds in the presence of a flame; a flash point is defined as the temperature at which the fluid’s surface releases enough steam to ignite.
TP1 DVO® has a 363ºC (685°F) combustion point and a 325ºC (617°F) flash point, higher than those values obtained with other fluids such as silicone oils, synthetic esters and much higher than any mineral oil.
This high performance makes it ideal to use in transmission or power equipment installed in areas where high temperatures prevail or where the fire risk may represent a high risk to people, natural resources or infrastructure.
TP1 DVO® FLASH AND FIRE POINT VS MINERAL OIL
400
300
200
100
350
250
150
50
0
0
TEM
PER
ATU
RE
(ºC
)
TP1 DVO® Silicone oil Mineral oil
fire point
FLASH POINT
05
Fluid/Paper Insulation System
Basically there are three main factors that severely damage kraft paper or any type of cellulose inside a transformer.
a) Temperature (thermo kinetic degradation)b) Water volume within the system (thermo-hydrolytic degradation).c) Water volume in the insulating paper.
In relative saturation terms, a balance point must be obtained between the paper and the insulating oil in normal operation.
TP1 DVO® AND TRANSFORMER’S KRAFT PAPER DEGRADATION FACTS
a) Thermo kinetic degradation: Due to its high ignition and flash points, TP1 DVO® works as a magnificent thermal insulator, keeping the equipment’s cellulose and the integral components safe.
b) Thermo-hydrolytic degradation: Due to the fact that TP1 DVO® is the vegetable dielectric fluid with the lowest moisture content on the market (less than 50 ppm), it does not add water to the system; instead, it provides a great water absorption capacity, moisture that may come from the environment.
DUE TO ITS CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS DVO TP1 SOLVES THESECHALLENGES IN THE FOLLOWING WAY:
c)Water volume in the insulating paper: as already mentioned TP1 DVO® can absorb and hold a greater water amount than any mineral oil, causing more water to be extracted from the paper to the fluid. This very increases significantly the paper’s life span.
WATER VOLUME ON KRAFT INSULATION PAPERIN THE PRESENCE OF MINERAL OIL AND TP1 DVO®
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
TP1 DielectricVegetable Oil
WA
TER
CO
NTE
NT
IN P
APE
R (%
)
Time (hr/150° C)
Mineral Oil
Due to its unique patented ultra-demineralization and refining process, TP1 DVO® exhibits the lowest moisture and ion content, ensuring high oxidation stability and performance as well as a maximum cellulose protection for transformation and power equipments.
A B
06
OIL / PAPER RELATIONSHIP
Various studies have addressed the dielectric characteristics of a mineral oil and vegetable oils (new and old) and all the results have shown that vegetable oils have a better dielectric insulation effect on paper.
The AC stress tests results on boards pressed (impregnated) with mineral oil and vegetable ester are shown in the following Figure.
(A) Pressed (impregnated) board with mineral oil and (B) pressed (impregnated) board with vegetable ester
TP1 DVO® has excellent compatibility with all cellulose types used in electrical equipments. The AC dielectric breakdown resistances of various types of impregnated paper with TP1 DVO® vegetable dielectric oil were quite high, with increments up to 900%. Furthermore, the accelerated aging results for impregnated paper with the same vegetable oil showed that the ruptures did not show dielectric losses as those observed in the mineral oil impregnated paper tests.
Grammage ATSM D3394
Thickness ATSM D3394
ATSM D3394Apparent density
Ash
R. TensionL
T
L
Air
DVO
T
ATSM D3394
Elongation
0.04
0.774
4.9
0.379
31
0.04 mm
Humidity
ATSM D3395
ATSM D202
ATSM D202
ATSM D149-97
g/cm²
mm
g/cm³
%
%
%
Kfg/15mm
μ S/cm
-
k V/mm
k V/mm
pH
Conductivity
DielectricStrenght
DETERMINATION TECHNIQUEKRAFT PAPER CREPE PAPER
UNITS
5.7
2.0
1.4
2.4
7.4
35.5
26.3
83.3
0.12
0.669
4.7
0.363
97.6
0.125 mm
13.3
6.3
2.0
5.1
7.5
26.6
8.6
51.7
0.27
0.582
5.0
0.259
154.1
High density
6.0
10.3
104.4
57.2
7.4
26.0
3.9
30.5
0.35
0.276
4.7
0.298
97.6
Normal
6.5
8.0
48
9.5
7.3
31.1
3.0
27.9
316.73% increased dielectric resistivity of paper 601.16 782.5 930
PAPER PROTECTION / DIELECTRIC STRENGTH
TP1 DVO® impregnated paper dielectric strength increased 300% and up to 900%”
VARIOUS TYPES OF PAPER BEFORE BEING IMPREGNATED WITH TP1 DVO®
VARIOUS TYPES OF PAPER AFTER BEING IMPREGNATED WITH TP1 DVO® AND BROUGHT TO DIELECTRIC
BREAKDOWN
Compatibility with various transformer materials
08
TP1 DVO® is fully compatible with each and all elements used in the power transmission equipment construction and operation. However, it is advisable to pay special attention on the equipment’s sealing.
TP1 DVO® has good compatibility with paper or any other type of cellulose, because it can considerably seize more water than mineral oil, which improves the paper aging parameters because keeps it drier.
Contact with the equipment’s susceptible and key materials such as plastic tapes, graphite, alloys and paper spaghetti (tubes) does not attack or decrease their performance even after aging conditions (100 °C / 72 hrs). All this translates into the transformer's significant operation increment above its standard capacity values without affecting its life expectancy.
Under premature aging conditions TP1 DVO® has better compatibility and performance than mineral oils in the equipments components such as tap changers and minimizes rust upon contact.
Mineral oil and TP1 DVO® dielectric strength is shown below, under conditions of premature aging and within the presence of various materials sensitive to toil attacks in a transformer system. Measurements were made according to IEC 60156 and NMX-J-123-2008 (6.19) for vegetable oil and ASTM D877 NMX-J-123-2008 (6.19) for mineral oil.
09
AGED OIL’S DIELECTRIC STRENGTH AFTER 72 HOURS AT 100°C AND AFTER 360 HOUR REST AT PRESENCE OF
DOUBLE-SIDED TAPE.
DOUBLE-SIDED TAPE
80
90
60
40
20
70
50
30
10
0
0
DIE
LEC
TRIC
STR
ENG
HT
(KV
)
NEW 72h / 100 C 360 h
TP1 DielectricVegetable Oil
Mineral TP1 DielectricVegetable Oil
Mineral
AGED OIL’S DIELECTRIC STRENGTH AFTER 72 HOURS AT 100°C AND AFTER 360 HOUR REST AT THE PRESENCE OF GRAPHITE.
80
90
60
40
20
70
50
30
10
0
0
GRAPHITE
DIE
LEC
TRIC
STR
ENG
HT
(KV
))
NEW 72h / 100 C 360 h
10
AGED OIL’S DIELECTRIC STRENGTH AFTER 72 HOURS AT 100°C AND AFTER 360 HOUR REST IN THE PRESENCE OF COPPER WIRE.
80
90
60
40
20
70
50
30
10
0
0
CU WIRE
DIE
LEC
TRIC
STR
ENG
HT
(KV
)
NEW 72h / 100 C 360 h
TP1 DielectricVegetable Oil
Mineral
AGED OIL’S DIELECTRIC STRENGTH AFTER 72 HOURS AT 100°C AND AFTER 360 HOUR REST IN THE PRESENCE OF PAPER.
80
90
60
40
20
70
50
30
10
0
0
PAPER
DIE
LEC
TRIC
STR
ENG
HT
(KV
)
NEW 72h / 100 C 360 h
TP1 DielectricVegetable Oil
Mineral
Regardless of the material type used in the deterioration / aging tests, TP1 DVO® vegetable dielectric oil showed the highest dielectric strength values and the best recovery ranges, thus showing its high performance as a dielectric isolator as well as its lower deterioration effect and inferior attack in comparison to those materials under mineral oil.
Similarly, once the stress on the system has been removed, TP1 DVO® vegetable dielectric oil shows the best recovery ranges.
OIL RECOVERY PERCENTAGE AFTER 360 HOURSOF PREMATURE AGING.
11
Double-sided tape
Cu wire 65.47
Paper 72.26
Graphite 85.61 62.28
83.33 76.45
68.18
56.44
MATERIAL
TP1 DVO® MINERAL
After aging at 72h / 100°C (Dielectric strength (Kv)
Oxidation is basically an electron loss phenomenon. It may occur in the presence of oxygen and may also occur due to high temperature effect.
Under these conditions, the fluid immersed system can begin to form granular deposits and precipitating sediments.
Oxidation stability
At high temperatures, these compounds can be more abundant and form debris adhesions.
All these compounds are poor heat conductors, which make the fluid a poor heat dissipater, which together with low flash and ignition points, represent a serious risk.
12
PERFORMANCE FACTORS AGAINST OXIDATION ACCORDING TO IEC 62770
TP1 DVO®
LIMIT 50 0.06
35 0.05
mm2/sg mg KOH/g
VISCOSITY TOTAL ACIDITY
... 0.050
0.075 0.016
a 25C A 90C
DISSIPATION F. DISSIPATION F.
In addition to having high flash and ignition points, which makes TP1 DVO® an excellent heat dissipation agent; it also has an outstanding performance against oxidation caused by temperature or the presence oxygen particles.
Therefore, all these phenomena affect the fluid’s viscosity, gas ignition temperature as well as the substantial acid concentration increment.
Due to its high purity, complete absence of moisture and dissolved ions, TP1 DVO® exhibits high stability parameters according to the International IEC 62770 standard.
Retrofilling
TP1 DVO® fluid, being a natural vegetable ester, is totally miscible and compatible with mineral oil, which makes it possible to substitute mineral oils in sealed equipments.
In restored equipments with more than 100 overload events, TP1 DVO® behavior in used and retro filled equipments shows equal or greater than the norm values.
Fluids such as natural esters which exhibit fire resistance are recognized as a fire protection factors by the American Electrical Safety Code (Authorized Standards Committee C2) Section 15, considered for generation and distribution substations.
CODE AND NORM COMPLIANCES
13
Neutralizacion number Mg KOH/g
Density
Humidity
Gr/cm³
ppm
Power factor (25°C)
Dielectric strength (2.5mm)
Resistivity
%
Power factor (100°C) %
kv
Ωcm
Dielectric strength (2.5mm) * kv
0.077
0.9194
121
0.2083
4.7577
54.4
6.38
66.0
0.078
0.9194
105
0.1763
0.379
64.7
7.72
65.0
PARAMETER UNIT TANK 1TANK 1
Regulatory compliance
• International Standard IEC 62770: 2013, Fluids for electrotechnical applications. New natural esters for transformers and similar electrical equipment.
• ASTM D6871-03 (2008) Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids ussed in electrical apparatus (Withdrawn 2017).
Legislation and regulations
• Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
• The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
14
• The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development related to environmental issues, including Council Decision C (87) 2 Final, regarding the management and restrictions on the use, trade, treatment and disposal of PCBs.
• Ecological Balance General Law and Environmental Protection.
• NMX-J-123-ANCE-2008. Insulating mineral oils for transformers - specifications, sampling and test methods.
• IEEE C57.147-2008 – IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers
Security file
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION: Vegetable Dielectric Oil (Natural Ester TP1 DVO®)Description: Food grade highly demineralized and dried dielectric vegetable oil not suitable for human consumption.Recommended use: As a thermal and electrical insulating dielectric fluid for electrical transformers.Produced by:INDUSTRIALIZADORA DE MANTECAS SA DE CVCALLE LIMON 1139, COL. DEL FRESNOGUADALAJARA JALISCOTeléfono +52 33 3134 0202
RISK IDENTIFICATIONelement. It is a compound rated 4 to 5, less dangerous than any mineral oil or paraffin oil.
NFPA HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONHealth (Blue) 0Flammability (red) 1Reactivity (yellow) 0
15
Chemical composition: PCB-free triglyceride mixtureCommon name and synonyms: natural ester, ultra-mineralized and ultra-dried vegetable oil,Plant-based dielectric fluid.Components: vegetable oil: 100% wtSynthetic additives: 0% wt
FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURESExtinguishing media: Dry chemical foam, carbon dioxide (CO2), sand or earth.Specific Fluid Hazard or Fluid Mixtures: High temperatures in sealed containers containing the fluid can increase pressure.Fluid Fire Precautions: DO NOT USE WATER as this or any other oxidizing agent can spread or increase the severity of the fire. Combat groups must wear breathing equipment at all times.
MANIPULATION AND STORAGEEven though TP1 DVO® has a high flash and ignition point, its release and dispersion in the soil must be prevented in order not to spread material susceptible to any ignition.
For this reason, it must be stored in hermetically closed containers not exposed to direct sunlight and their contact with oxidizing substances or agents.
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESSpills or Leaks: In case of spills or leaks, the fluid must be contained with sand, earth or control material. The material-fluid control mixture must be lifted from the site and transferred to a container dedicated exclusively for this purpose. Although its final disposal does not contemplate the strict protocols of a mineral oil or an askarel, it should not be released directly into the environment.
EXPOSURE AND PROTECTIONExposure risks: Because it is an oil of vegetable origin without chemical additives, there are no significant health risks, as long as it has not been in contact or in mixture with oils or any other substance of mineral origin.Respiratory protection: Under standard storage and handling conditions, no special breathing equipment is required, except in the presence of vegetable oil mist.Eye Protection: Wearing safety glasses is recommended to prevent direct contact with the fluid.Work clothes: Only standard work clothes are required.
FIRST AIDInhalation: There are no adverse effects from TP1 DVO® inhalation fluid according to manufacturer specifications.Inhalation: There are no adverse effects from TP1 DVO® inhalation fluid according to manufacturer specifications.Eye contact: Temporary blurred vision may occur. In this case, rinse with water until all the fluid is removed from the eyes.Contact with the skin: Only in case of sensitivity can dermatitis appear after a prolonged period of exposure. Wash with soap and water.
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMACIONPlant dielectric fluids such as TP1 DVO® are recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Due to the absence of PCBs, they are not listed as carcinogenic.
16
TP1 DielectricVegetable Oil
Limón Street 1139Col. Del FresnoGuadalajara, [email protected]. (33) 3812 0218www.tp1.com.mx
