Tptn in Jpn.docx

8/14/2019 Tptn in Jpn.docx

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3B. TRANSPORTATION

1. The traditional transportation system

2. Transportation in the period of transition (1868-1891)

3. The golden age of the railway (1892-1909)

4. Self-reliance in transportation technology (1910-1921)

5. The integration of the transportation systems (1922-1937)

6. Transportation during the war years (1938-1945)

7. Transportation in the postwar recovery period (1946-1954)

8. Recent development in transportation

(Note: Each paper is written jointly by several members of the group with responsibility for content

being divided as follows: roads, Hirofumi Yamamoto; transportation policy and railroads, Katsumasa

Harada and Eiichi Aoki; river and coastal shipping, Hiromi Masuda.)

The first paper explains that inland transportation in Japan before the Meiji period was mainly by road.

At the post towns located along the major routes the shogunate and feudal lords assigned officials who

were responsible for overseeing arrangements for the provision of horses and labour, accommodations,

and other facilities for members of the samurai class at much cheaper official rates than the going

prices. This was a feudal system of transportation in which horses and labour were requisitioned from

local peasants on a temporary basis whenever the demand made it necessary to do so. Rivers were used

as significant transportation routes for the conveyance of cargo including land tax rice, and there were

river-port agents who organized river transportation, arranging for boats, crews, and stevedores. As for

sea transportation, because of the shogunate's policy of national isolation, there was only coastal traffic

by traditional Japanese-type sail boats, such as single-masted flat-bottomed boats.

The second paper deals with transportation in the period of transition. During the period of internalfighting, peasants became very disgruntled because both the old and the new government used the

system of supplemental local requisitioning to the limit. In the fact of such opposition, the new

government was forced to restrict the use of that system and to raise the official rates, and the system

was finally abolished (1871-1872).

After commissioning the railroad between Tokyo and Yokohama (1872), Masaru Inoue, chief of the

Railway Bureau of the Ministry of Industry, established a technical training school in Osaka for the

training of railway engineers. Consequently it became possible for Japanese engineers to handle tunnel

boring and embankment, suspension bridge building, and other works on their own. Japanese train

drivers were also employed, and Japanese self-reliance in terms of operating techniques was achievedby the end of the 1870s.

The first authorized horse-drawn omnibus ran between Tokyo and Yokohama (1869). After that, stage

coaches that carried cargo and passengers as well as the mail of the national postal service ran along

the main overland routes, stopping at relay stations along the way.

The new government authorized ownership of ocean-going vessels of the Western type for the first

time in 1869, and in 1875 it furnished the Mitsubishi Company with thirteen government-owned ships

and subsidies for the training of merchant marine crews and to cover operating expenses, with a view

to promoting the development of Japan's own sea transportation industry. Japan was soon able to forcethe Pacific Mail Steamship Company (US) and the Peninsular and Orient Navigation Steamship

Company (British) out of business in Japanese coastal waters and on the Shanghai route, and it even

succeeded in participating in ocean-going traffic.

The third paper describes the golden age of the railway and points out the fact that the military value ofrailways came to be recognized in the Satsuma Rebellion and the switching from water transportation
http://d-arch.ide.go.jp/je_archive/english/society/biblio_05.htmlhttp://d-arch.ide.go.jp/je_archive/english/society/biblio_05.htmlhttp://d-arch.ide.go.jp/je_archive/english/finalreport/index.htmlhttp://d-arch.ide.go.jp/je_archive/pdf/finalreport/x2_d5.pdfhttp://d-arch.ide.go.jp/je_archive/pdf/finalreport/x2_d5.pdfhttp://d-arch.ide.go.jp/je_archive/english/society/biblio_05.html


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to railway transportation for raw silk and other export products with the opening of the railway

between Tokyo and Maebashi, bespoke the advent of the railway age. Before long the entire

government-run Tokaido line between Tokyo and Kobe was completed (1889), followed by theprivately operated Tohoku line between Tokyo and Aomori (1891). In those days the operational

mileage of private railways exceeded that of government railways. When the Russo-Japanese War

broke out, however, demands for nationalization were strongly voiced, and the lines of seventeen major

private railway companies were soon nationalized. By 1906 a uniform operational system of theImperial Government Railways was established.

Railways also resulted in a sharp increase in supplemental new short-distance means of transportation,

such as horse-drawn passenger carriages, horse-drawn carts, and ox carts.

River boat transportation lost its position to railways and came to consist mainly of lighter

transportation, in cities. The hooking up of such lighter transportation with railways gave rise to the

Akihabara and Sumidagawa cargo stations at the Tokyo metropolis.

The attainment of self-reliance in transportation technology is dealt with in the fourth paper. In those

days national demand for the construction of trunk and branch railway lines grew, resulting in the

establishment of the Ministry of Railways in 1920 and the adoption of a policy for the promotion oflight railways. The Ministry of Railways began to design a tender steam locomotive in 1909, and

before long standard locomotives were being turned out by Japanese industry on a mass-production

basis.

In the 1910s and 1920s there was mixed use of old and new means of transportation, with a continuing

increase in the number of human- and horse-drawn conventional vehicles as well as the rapid

popularization of such new means as bicycles and motor vehicles.

In the 1910s river high-water works for flood prevention were carried out throughout the country, and

river low-water works for the purpose of using rivers as arteries of transportation were phased out

entirely, leading to the further decline of river transportation.

The fifth paper deals with the period of the integration of the transportation systems. That period wasone of great improvement in railway trunk lines and of boosting transportation capacity by: (1) steep

grade track improvement which was achieved mainly by long tunnels, (2) national production of both

passenger and freight steam and electric locomotives, and (3) the commencement of freight train ferry

service between the mainland and Hokkaido.

After the Great Kanto Earthquake (1923), not only passenger cars but also trucks came to be imported

in increasing numbers, and except in the provinces there was a sharp decline in the use of older human-

and horse-drawn vehicles. Furthermore, the Ministry of Railways promoted the consolidation of

railway freight agencies and compelled the railways to be responsible for the collection and distribution

of small freight, which they entrusted to the new consolidated companies.

In addition, new seaports were opened at Onahama, Hakata and Kashima, where industry to supply themilitary had developed at a fast pace after the Japanese occupation of Manchuria in 1931.

As the sixth paper describes, after war broke out between Japan and China in 1937, military-relatedtransportation increased in Japan to such an extent that finally it became necessary to restrict the use of

railway transportation by the general public. Later, because of the bombing of the Japanese mainland

that started in 1944, the railway network was torn to shreds, with only about 35 per cent remaining

intact when the war ended.

By about 1940 arrangements for full domestic production of motor vehicles and particularly military

trucks were completed, but as material shortages got to be increasingly series after 1943, production

dropped off sharply. During the war there was further consolidation of road transportation with the

establishment of the semi-governmental Nippon Express Co., which stepped up nationwide control of

small road-transportation agencies.


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During this period river boat transportation and other forms of inland water transportation died out,

leaving only sight-seeing boats here and there, but even these disappeared as the war effort escalated to

total mobilization.

The last two papers deal with transportation conditions after the war. Completion of electrification of

the Tokaido line in 1956 and subsequent active efforts to extend electrification are seen as being

symbolic of the new Japan which renounced the right to wage war because an electric railroad networkcannot be safely operated unless peace is uninterruptedly maintained. The transportation capacity of theJapanese National Railways (JNR) is said to have dramatically increased with the improvement of

operational efficiency through the development in 1957 of the power-car-dispersed 10-car train used

for short-distance runs. In the same year JNR carried out the reduction of ground equipment by using

alternating-current electrification with a single-phase alternating-current. The New Tokaido Trunk Line

(Shinkansen) was commissioned in 1964 on the basis of the use of such new technology as the

Automatic Train Control (ATC) system, the Automatic Train Stop (ATS) system, and the ConcentratedTrain Control (CTC) system.

Immediately after the war, the only supply of motor vehicles available were used vehicles sold by the

occupation forces to Japanese nationals, but before long Japanese automobile manufacturing recovered,

and the number of motor vehicles on the road increased by leaps and bounds (only 165,000 in 1946,but 7,248,000 by 1965 and 37,972,000 by 1980). The share of domestic freight transportation

represented by motor vehicles passed that represented by railways in 1966 (31.0 per cent versus 26.7

per cent), and since then the percentage accounted for by railways has continued to decline sharply. In

passenger transportation as well, motor vehicles passed railways in 1971 (50.6 per cent versus 46.9 per

cent), and the gap has been widening since then. As motorization (symbolized by the opening of the

Meishin [Nagoya-Kobe] Expressway in 1965 and the Tomei [Tokyo-Nagoya] Expressway in 1969)

progressed, there was a rapid increase in transportation capacity.

In view of the fact that the Japanese National Railways have maintained a self-supporting accounting

system since they were first organized, such an increase in railway transportation capacity has been

very burdensome to them. On the other hand, road improvements have been financed by the

government, and this has increased the imbalance in the relative shares of total transportation capacity

of these two modes of transportation. Such transportation policy is criticized as having given rise to theill-advised hiking of railway fares and rates, the deterioration of JNRs quality of service and

environmental disruption along roads caused by automobiles.

General View and Proposal

The book, The Japanese Experience in Technology: From Transfer to Self-Reliance, summarizes the

entire Japanese Experience project and is written solely from the viewpoint of the co -ordinator of theproject, Takeshi Hayashi. According to Hayashi, The Japanese experience project was an attempt to

analyse the process by which modern Japan passed from dependence on foreign technology totechnological self-reliance as an example of a national experience with the development problem. He

hopes that the outcome of the project will serve as a basis for further discussion with specialists

throughout the world who are engaged with the problems of economic development and technological

self-reliance.

Hayashi points out that the Japanese experience has shown that, if technology transfers are eventually

to lead to technological self-reliance in a given nation, the nation concerned must create its own way of

integrating five elements of technology (the 5 Ms) and its own corps of native engineers. He argues

that there are five stages in the process of technological development and he suggests that his five-stagemodel helps us to identify the technological level of any particular industry in a given country, thus

providing a basis for international comparison of technology as well as for an exchange of views with

people from various technological backgrounds.


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The 5 Ms are defined as follows: (1) Raw materials and resources (including energy), (2)

machines and equipment, (3) manpower (engineers and skilled workers), (4) management

(technology management and management technology), and (5) markets for technology and itsproducts.

He defines the five stages of technology development as: (1) acquisition of operational techniques

(operation), (2) maintenance of new machines and equipment (maintenance), (3) repairs and minormodifications of foreign technologies and equipment, both in the system and in the course ofoperations (repairs and modifications), (4) designing and planning (original design and creation of a

system), and (5) domestic manufacturing (achievement of self-reliance in technology).

The main body of Hayashis book consists of attempts to apply his theoretical framework to the

findings of each individual study group within the project. By way of conclusion, in the last chapter of

his book he offers a comprehensive proposal embracing five points, and hopes that this proposal will

serve as a basis for further discussion concerning solutions of the problem of technology and

development. The proposal encompasses such subjects as the role of the state, national consensus and

basic human rights, formation of a national technology network, formation of native engineers, and

public management of technology.


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The 0 series (which were not originally classified, as there was no need to distinguish classes of trainset

until later) entered service with the start ofTkaid Shinkansenoperations in October 1964. These

units were white with a blue stripe along the windows and another at the bottom of the car body,including the frontpilot.

Unlike previous Japanese trains, the Tkaid Shinkansen and all subsequent Shinkansen lines were

standard gauge(1,435 mm (4 ft 8 12in) between the rails). The trains were powered by 25 kV ACelectricity at 60 Hz with all axles of all cars powered by 185 kWtraction motors,giving a 220 km/h(140 mph) top speed.

The original trains were introduced as 12-car sets, with some sets later lengthened to 16 cars. Later,

shorter trains of 6 cars and even 4 cars were assembled for lesser duties. Production of 0 series units

continued from 1963 until 1986.

Shinkansen sets are generally retired after fifteen to twenty years. The final remaining 0 series sets

were 6-car sets used on JR WestKodamaservices on theSany ShinkansenbetweenShin-Osakaand

Hakata,and on theHakata-Minami Lineuntil their retirement on 30 November 2008.

Following retirement from regular service, JR West ran a number of special commemorativeHikariruns in December 2008.

[3]Hikari347, powered by set R61,

[4]arrived at Hakata Station at 6:01 pm on

14 December 2008, bringing to an end the 44 years of service of the 0 series trains.

Set formations

Original 12-car H/K/N/R/S sets

0 series set in Tokyo, May 1967

Interior of a 1st class car, May 1967

The initial shinkansen fleet delivered for use onHikariandKodamaservices on theTkaidShinkansenfrom 1 October 1964 consisted of 30 12-car sets formed of 1st- and 2nd-batch cars. Six

sets, H1 to H6, were built byHitachibetween April and August 1964, six sets, K1 to K6, were built by
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Kisha between July and September 1964, six sets, N1 to N6, were built byNippon Sharyobetween

March and September 1964, six sets, R1 to R6, were built byKawasaki Sharyobetween July and

September 1964, and six sets, S1 to S6, were built byKinki Sharyobetween April and August 1964.These sets were allocated to Tokyo and Osaka depots.

[5]

A further 10 12-car sets (H7/8, K7/8, N7/8, R7/8, S7/8) were delivered between April and July 1965,

formed of 120 3rd-batch cars, five 4th-batch sets were delivered between June and July 1966, and five5th-batch sets were delivered between October and November 1966.

[5]

The original 12-car sets were formed as follows, with two first-class cars (type 15 and 16) and two

buffet cars (type 35).[5]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12

DesignationMcM'M M' MBM' MSM'SMBM' M M'c

Numbering 21 262526-20035 26-20015 16 35 262522

12-car H/K/N/R/S/T Kodamasets

A further 21 6th- to 9th-batch 12-car sets were delivered between 1967 and 1969 with only one first-

class car (type 16) for use on Kodamaservices. The "T" sets were built byTokyu Car Corporation.[5]

These sets were formed as follows.[5]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

DesignationMcM' M M' MB M' M M'SMB M' M M'c

Numbering 2126-

100

25-

100

26-

300

35-

100

26-

300

25-

30016

35-

100

26-

100

25-

10022

16-car H/K/N/R/S Hikarisets

The original 30 12-car sets were lengthened to 16 cars between December 1969 and February 1970

with the inclusion of new 10th-batch cars forHikariservices to handle the increased number of

passengers travelling to and fromExpo '70in Osaka in 1970. From the opening of theSanyo

Shinkansenin 1972, these sets were renumbered H1 to H30.[5]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

DesignationMcM'M M' MBM' M M' MSM'SMBM' M M' M M'c

Numbering 2126

25

26-

200 35

26-

200

25-

700

26-

700 15

16

35

2625-

500

26-

700 2522

16-car K Kodamasets

Between 1972 and 1973, the earlier 12-carKodamasets were lengthened to 16 cars with the inclusion

of new 13th- and 15th-batch cars, and were renumbered K1 to K47.[5]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16

DesignationMcM'M M' MK M' M M' M M' M M'SMBM' M M'c

Numbering 21 262526-

300

25-

400

26-

200

25-

200

26-

800

25-

500

26-

800

25-

700

16 35 262522
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Sharyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Sharyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Sharyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinki_Sharyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinki_Sharyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinki_Sharyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyu_Car_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyu_Car_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_%2770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_%2770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_%2770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_%2770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyu_Car_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinki_Sharyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Sharyo


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16-car H Hikarirestaurant car sets

With the opening of the Sanyo Shinkansen extension to Hakata, the fleet of 16-car HHikarisets was

reformed and increased between 1973 and 1974 with the inclusion of new 16th- and 17th-batch cars,including new restaurant cars (type 36) in addition to the buffet car (type 35). The fleet as of 10 March

1975 consisted of 64 sets, numbered H1 to H64.[5]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16

DesignationMcM'M M' M M' M M'DMBM' MSM'SM M' M M'c

Numbering 21 262526-

200

25-

700

26-

7002736 35

26-

20015 16

25-

500262522

16-car NHHikarisets

16-car NHHikari

set, May 1989

Between 1977 and 1980, 35 new 16-car NHsets were formed of 1000 subseries cars (batches 22 to

29) forHikariservices on theTokaido ShinkansenandSanyo Shinkansenlines. The introduction of

100 seriesand later300 seriestrains reduced the number of 0 series trains used onHikariservices, with

0 seriesHikariservices operated byJR Centralending in 1995. A small fleet was subsequently

maintained byJR Westfor use on additional holiday periodHikariservices, with the last remaining

unit, NH32, being disbanded in December 1999.

The NHsets had two Green (first class) cars and a restaurant car in addition to a buffet car, although useof the restaurant cars was discontinued from the mid-1990s.

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Designati

onMc M' M M' M M'

M

A

M'

DMB M' MS M'S M M' M M'c

Numberi

ng

21-

100

0

26-

100

0

25-

100

0

26-

120

0

25

-

70

0

26

-

70

0

2736

35-

100

0

26-

120

0

15-

100

0

16-

100

0

25

-

50

0

26-

100

0

25-

100

0

22-

100

0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokaido_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokaido_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokaido_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Centralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Centralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Centralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_type_0_Hikari_19890506a.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_type_0_Hikari_19890506a.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_type_0_Hikari_19890506a.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_type_0_Hikari_19890506a.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Centralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokaido_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5


8/16

Interior of Green car 15-1019 of set NH15, 1982

Interior of standard class car 25-526 of set N

H15, 1982

Interior view of an NH set restaurant car in 1992

16-car YKsets

16-car set YK8 on Tokaido Shinkansen Kodamaservice with "Arigat 0 Series"

sticker on final day of services, 19 September 1999

The 16-car YKsets were operated by JR Central on the all-stationsKodamaservices. These sets hadupgraded reserved seat cars with 2+2 seating employing 100 series style seats, but only one Green car

per 16-car set. Standard seating was 3+2 in standard class, and 2+2 in Green cars.

The fleet was operated by JR Central on the Tokaido Shinkansen until the last units were withdrawn on

18 September 1999. In the last two months of service, they ran with "Arigat 0 Series" stickers on the

front ends.

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415 16
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_NH_restaurant_car_19920817.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_25-526_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_15-1019_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_NH_restaurant_car_19920817.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_25-526_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_15-1019_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_NH_restaurant_car_19920817.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_25-526_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_15-1019_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_NH_restaurant_car_19920817.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_25-526_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_15-1019_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRC-TEC-0.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_NH_restaurant_car_19920817.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_25-526_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_15-1019_01.jpg


9/16

DesignationMcM'M M'MBM'M M'SM M' M M' M M' M M'c

Numbering 21 26252637 262516 2526252625262522

Interior

Interior of a Green car on a YK set, September 1999

12-car SKsets

Set SK5 on a West Hikariservice, March 1997

"West" logo on an SK set, March 1997

These 12-car SKsets based at Hakata Depot were operated by JR West on Sanyo ShinkansenWest

Hikariservices between Shin-Osaka and Hakata. Sets were formed of upgraded 5000 and 7000

subseries vehicles with improved seating, and buffet cars were refurbished with a special seating area.

All standard class cars had upgraded 2+2 seating. The sets were recognizable externally by the addition

of an extra thin blue line below the windows (similar to 100 series) and by the large "West" decals nearthe doors. Some sets originally included specially converted cinema cars, but these were withdrawn in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0-yk-green.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0-yk-green.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0-yk-green.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0-yk-green.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK_West_Hikari_logo_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_SK5_West_Hikari_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0-yk-green.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29


10/16

1996. Following the end of the West Hikariservices on 21 April 2000, the remaining SKunits were

reformed into new 6-car R60 sets to replace unrefurbished sets on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodamaservices.

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12

DesignationMcM'M M'MBM'M M'SM M' M M'c

Numbering 21 26252637 262516 25262522

4-car Q sets

Set Q4 at Hakata on a Sanyo Shinkansen Kodamaservice, July 1998

4-car Q sets were formed from March 1997 for use onKodamashuttle services running between

Hakata andKokura/Hiroshima,and also for use on someHakata Minami Lineduties. These sets had noGreen car. The last remaining unit was withdrawn in September 2001.[5]

Car No. 1 2 3 4

DesignationMcM'M M'c

Numbering 21 262522

6-car R sets
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokura_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokura_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Minami_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Minami_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Minami_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R61_Kodama_635_Higashi-Hiroshima_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_Q4_Kodama_Hakata_19980700.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_Q4_Kodama_Hakata_19980700.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R61_Kodama_635_Higashi-Hiroshima_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_Q4_Kodama_Hakata_19980700.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_Q4_Kodama_Hakata_19980700.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R61_Kodama_635_Higashi-Hiroshima_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_Q4_Kodama_Hakata_19980700.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_Q4_Kodama_Hakata_19980700.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-Shinkansen_Databook_2011-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Minami_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokura_Station


11/16

Set R61 in new JR West "Kodama" livery at Higashi-Hiroshima Station on a Sanyo

Shinkansen Kodamaservice, July 2003

"Children's Saloon" logo, March 1997

The 6-car R units with no Green car were first formed in June 1985, and were used on JR West

Kodamaservices between Shin-Osaka and Hakata. They were also used to operate services on the short

Hakata Minami Linefrom Hakata Station.

The no. 3 cars of sets R2 and R24 were rebuilt as "Children's Saloons" with the former buffet counter

area converted into a children's soft play area. These sets ran branded as "Family Hikari" during

holiday periods. From March 1997 a refurbishment programme was commenced on the R sets, with

new internal trim, rotating seats and new toilets/washing facilities. The refurbished units were

recognisable externally by an extra thin blue line below the windows (as with West HikariSKsets), and

new "W" decals near the doors.

From April 2000, 6-car "WR" sets were created from former SKunit cars and renumbered in the R60series. These retained the larger buffet area (disused) and 2+2 seating of the former West Hikaritrains,

and gradually replaced the remaining unrefurbished R sets. These units initially retained their "West

Hikari" branding, but were gradually repainted into the new JR West "Kodama" livery from May 2002.

Initially scheduled to be withdrawn in 2006, the last three remaining sets (R61/R67/R68) remained in

service until 30 November 2008. By June 2008 they had been repainted into their original ivory and

blue livery with silver roofs.

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

DesignationMcM'MBM'M M'c

Numbering 21 2637 262522

Interior

2+2 seating in set R61, July 2003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Minami_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Minami_Linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R61_interior_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R24_37-7731_Family_Hikari_Children's_Saloon_logo_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R24_37-7731_Family_Hikari_Children's_Saloon_logo_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R61_Kodama_635_Higashi-Hiroshima_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R61_interior_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R24_37-7731_Family_Hikari_Children's_Saloon_logo_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R24_37-7731_Family_Hikari_Children's_Saloon_logo_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R61_Kodama_635_Higashi-Hiroshima_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R61_interior_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R24_37-7731_Family_Hikari_Children's_Saloon_logo_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R24_37-7731_Family_Hikari_Children's_Saloon_logo_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R61_Kodama_635_Higashi-Hiroshima_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R61_interior_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R24_37-7731_Family_Hikari_Children's_Saloon_logo_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R24_37-7731_Family_Hikari_Children's_Saloon_logo_Nishi-Akashi_199703.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:R61_Kodama_635_Higashi-Hiroshima_20030719.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Minami_Line


12/16

Interior of former buffet car 37-7302 in set R62 used as a general lounge area, May 2002

Preserved examples

A large number of former 0 series vehicles are preserved or stored in museums and various other

locations around Japan. Outside Japan, the leading vehicle from a 0 series set is preserved at the

National Railway MuseuminYork,UK. It was donated to the museum byJR Westin 2001.

100 series

The 100 series(100?)was a JapaneseShinkansenhigh-speed train type

which operated between 1984 and 2012 on theTokaido ShinkansenandSanyo

Shinkansenhigh-speed lines. They were introduced after the200 seriestrains,

but their numbering is such because in the days ofJapanese National Railways

(JNR), Shinkansen types running east of Tokyo were given even numbers and

those west of Tokyo odd numbers, hence they were given the next odd number

in line after 0, 100. The last remaining examples of the type were withdrawn

from service following the last runs on 16 March 2012.

Design

They differ visibly from the earlier 0 series in that the nose profile is more pointed. Another not so

visible difference for the 16-car sets was that not all cars were powered; the driving cars on each endwere unpowered, as were the two bilevel center cars. Some later production sets had powered driving

cars and four unpowered bilevel trailers in the middle instead. The bilevel trailer cars contained a

combination of restaurant cars, and first class compartments, or open-plan first class seating and first

class compartments, or open-plan first class seating and refreshment cars.

External livery was white (White No. 3) and blue (Blue No. 20).[1]

Following their removal from front-line service, 100 series sets were later reformed into smaller 4 and

6 car sets for the slowerKodamaservices on the Sanyo Shinkansen line. These 4- and 6-car trains did

not have bilevel cars.

Variants

Pre-production unit

Originally numbered X0, the pre-production set X1 was delivered in 1985, with test running

commencing from 27 March that year.[2]

It entered revenue service for passenger evaluation trials on

Hikariservices from 1 October 1985.[2]

This unit differed externally from later production units in

having small windows aligned with each seating bay, and also had a slanting headlight arrangement.

The type 116 Green (first class) car formed as car 10 initially included one two-seat and two single-seat
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Railway_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Railway_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Installing_Japanese_character_setshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Installing_Japanese_character_setshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokaido_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokaido_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokaido_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_National_Railwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_National_Railwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_National_Railwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0_series_R62_37-7302_Himeji_20020518.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_National_Railwayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_Series_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokaido_Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Installing_Japanese_character_setshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Railway_Museum


13/16

compartments, but these were removed when the set was modified to full-production standard in

1986.[2]

Set X0 was formed as shown below, with car 1 at theHakataend.[3]

16-car X sets

Following passenger evaluation trials with the pre-production set X1, a total of

seven X sets were built for use on Tokaido and Sanyo ShinkansenHikariservices.

The first four production units entered service from 13 June 1986 as 12-car sets

without bilevel trailer cars, numbered G1 to G4, and were used on Tokaido

Kodamaservices until October in the same year.[2]These sets were formed as

shown below.[4]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Designation Tc M' M M' M7 M' M5 Ms' M M' M T'c

Numbering 123 126 125 126 125-700 126 125-500 116 125 126 125 124

Cars 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 were each fitted with cross-arm pantographs.[4]

These units were subsequently renumbered as 16-car sets X2 to X5 with the inclusion of bilevel trailercars, and were introduced onHikariservices from November 1986.

[2]

The noticeable difference over previous (0 series and 200 series) shinkansen designs was the inclusion

of two bilevel trailer cars in the centre of the formation. The type 168 car had a restaurant area on the

upper deck with kitchen facilities and a small buffet counter on the lower deck. The adjacent type 149

car provided private compartments for Green class passengers on the lower deck, with open-plan green

car accommodation on the upper deck.

From March 1998, the X sets were redeployed to TokaidoKodamaservices. The restaurant cars wereno longer used, and fittings were subsequently removed. The fleet of X sets contained the oldest

members of the 100 series fleet, and the first withdrawals started in August 1999. From the new

timetable change of 2 October 1999, X sets were no longer assigned to regular workings, with the

remaining examples subsequently limited to holiday period extra trains. The last remaining units were

withdrawn by April 2000.[3]

Formation

The 16-car X sets were formed as follows.[1]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Designatio

nTc M' M M' M M' M5

TD

D

Ts

DMs'M7 M' M M' M T'c

Numberin

g

12

3

12

6

12

5

12

6

12

5

12

6

125

-

500

16814

9

11

6

125

-

700

12

6

12

5

12

6

12

5

12

4

Seating

capacity65

10

090

10

090

10

080 44 56 68 73

10

090

10

090 75

Cars 2, 6, and 12 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.[1]

(The pantographs on cars 4, 10, and 14

were removed in 1995.[3]

)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-journal237-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-journal237-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-journal237-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-journal237-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-journal237-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-journal237-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-journal237-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-journal237-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_%28train%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railmagazine238-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakata_Stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-dj337-2


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16-car G sets

The G sets were officially classified as "100' series", and 50 units were built from 1988. They differed

from the initial X sets in having a type 148 bilevel trailer car in place of the type 168 restaurant car.This had open-plan Green car accommodation on the upper deck, and a self-service cafeteria area on

the lower deck. While originally used exclusively onHikariservices, in later years, these units were

more commonly seen on TokaidoKodamaservices. The last remaining sets owned byJR Centraland

JR Westwere withdrawn in September 2003 before the start of the new Tokaido Shinkansen timetable

the following October.

Formation

The 16-car G sets were formed as follows.[1]

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Designatio

nTc M' M M' M M' M5

Ts

D

Ts

DMs'M7 M' M M' M T'c

Numberin

g

12

3

12

6

12

5

12

6

12

5

12

6

125

-

500

14

8

14

9

11

6

125

-

700

12

6

12

5

12

6

12

5

12

4

Seating

capacity65

10

090

10

090

10

080 42 58 68 73

10

090

10

090 75

Cars 2, 6, and 12 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.[1]

4-car P setsThe first of two reformed 4-car P sets was introduced on Sanyo Shinkansen

Kodamaservices from October 2000. P1 was reformed from set V1, with the

traction motors in the two end cars (renumbered in -5000 series) replaced by

those from surplus JR West G set cars. P2 was reformed from unit V6 in October

2000. Subsequent sets P3 and P4 were formed in 2001 by transplanting the cab

sections of surplus non-powered G set cars onto powered intermediate cars

renumbered into the 121-5050 and 122-5050 series. Set P1 was the first to be

repainted into the new JR West "fresh green" Kodamalivery, in August 2002, and

the entire fleet of twelve sets (P1P12) had been similarly treated by March

2005.[5]

Formation

Car No. 1 2 3 4

Designation Mc M' M7 M'c

Numbering 121-5000126-3000125-3700122-5000

Seating capacity52 80 58 60

Cars 2 and 4 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.[6]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Centralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Centralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Centralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2007-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2007-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2007-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2007-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr1998-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Westhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Central


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Interior

The first three sets (P1 to P3) were refurbished in February and March 2002

with 2+2 abreast seating using former West Hikariseats. Sets from P4 onward

(formed in August 2001) had 2+2 seating from the outset.

Set P2 was withdrawn on 9 February 2009,[6]and moved to the JR West training centre atShimonoseki, where it replaced the former 0 series set Q3 as a static training set.

[7]P2's role as a

training set ended in March 2013.[8]

The last P sets in revenue service were withdrawn by 11 March 2011.[9]

6-car K sets

The first 6-car K set (K51) was formed in January 2002 for use on Sanyo Shinkansen Kodamaservices

from February 2002. These sets feature 2+2 abreast seating throughout, utilizing former Green class

seats from withdrawn 100 series cars. Sets started appearing in the new JR WestKodamalivery from

August 2002, with all ten sets (K51K60) similarly treated by August 2004.[5]

Three K sets were returned to the original white/blue livery from July 2010.[10]

The first set treated,

K53, was returned to traffic on 14 July 2010.[11]

These sets were withdrawn from service on 16 March 2012.[12]

Formation

Car No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Designation Mc M' M7 M' M7 M'c

Numbering 121-5000126-3000125-3700126-3200125-3000122-5000

Seating capacity52 80 58 72 72 60

Cars 2 and 6 were equipped with cross-arm pantographs.[6]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan579-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan579-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan579-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan602-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan602-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan602-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2007-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2007-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2007-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan20100705-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan20100705-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan20100705-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan20100715-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan20100715-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan20100715-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrwest20111216-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrwest20111216-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrwest20111216-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrwest20111216-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan20100715-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan20100705-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2007-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan602-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-railfan579-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansen#cite_note-jrr2009-6


16/16

Procurement Items

Rails and other track material

Rails and rail fastening materials/Sleepers/Turnouts and turnout parts

Rolling stock materials

Rolling stock and bogie materials/Internal combustion rolling stock

materials /Rolling stock electric materials/Rolling stock brake materialsSignal/Communication systems

Mechanical signal materials/Electric signal materials/Communication

systems

Power transmission systems

Electric generation and transforming materials/Electric light

materials/Electric poles, steel towers, and steel structures/Electric wires,

cables and line circuit materials

Automobile and ship materials

Automobiles and ships/Automobile materials

Metal industrial goodsSteel materials/Special steel/Forged steel materials/Bare

metals/Nonferrous metals /Metal tubes/Secondary rail material products

Fuel/Lumber/Chemical materials

Coal/Fuel oil/Lubricants/Lumber/Paints/Industrial chemicals

Machinery/Work equipment

Engines/Construction machinery/Manufacturing machinery/Cargo-

handling machinery/Civil engineering machinery/Testing and other

machinery/Office equipment /Testing and measuring equipment/Work

equipment

Miscellaneous materials

Uniforms/Welfare materials/Tickets/Business sheets and forms/Officesupplies

Documents

Tptn in Jpn.docx