““TR” TR” Progressive Progressive ReformerReformer

Thinking SkillThinking Skill: Explicitly assess information : Explicitly assess information and draw conclusionsand draw conclusions

ObjectiveObjective: Assess the impact of TR’s reform : Assess the impact of TR’s reform efforts efforts

"This country will not be a permanently good place for any of us to live in unless we make it a reasonably good place for all of us to live in."Chicago, IL, June 17, 1912

“TR” the President

United Mine Workers Union United Mine Workers Union StrikeStrike

May 1902 mineworkers demand higher May 1902 mineworkers demand higher wages, shorter hours, recognitionwages, shorter hours, recognition

How did previous Presidents handle How did previous Presidents handle labor strikes?labor strikes?

How did TR handle the UMWU strike?How did TR handle the UMWU strike? Arbitration – miners granted 10% pay Arbitration – miners granted 10% pay

increase and reduction in workday from 10 increase and reduction in workday from 10 to 9 hours to 9 hours

How does How does the cartoon the cartoon depict TR’s depict TR’s

stance stance toward toward trusts?trusts?

A “Square Deal” for All A “Square Deal” for All AmericansAmericans

TR struggled to reconcile his moralism, TR struggled to reconcile his moralism, conservatism, progressivism, and realism conservatism, progressivism, and realism (recognition of big business power)(recognition of big business power)

11stst major anti-trust suit brought against major anti-trust suit brought against Northern Securities Company (RR holding Northern Securities Company (RR holding company) in 1901company) in 1901

5-4 vote, Supreme Court ordered NSC 5-4 vote, Supreme Court ordered NSC dissolveddissolved

TR set sights on others: TR set sights on others: Standard Oil Co, American Tobacco Co, and even Standard Oil Co, American Tobacco Co, and even

threatened U.S. Steel and International threatened U.S. Steel and International HarvesterHarvester

What is the message of the What is the message of the cartoon?cartoon?

Big Stick“There is a homely old adage, which runs: ‘Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.’ If the American nation will speak softly and yet build and keep at a pitch of the highest training a thoroughly efficient navy, the Monroe Doctrine will go far.”

“Don’t hit at all if it is honorably possible to avoid hitting; but never hit soft.”

From Trustbusting to From Trustbusting to RegulatingRegulating

Meat Inspection Act (1906)- provided Meat Inspection Act (1906)- provided for inspection of meat packing plantsfor inspection of meat packing plants

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)- required accurate ingredient labels required accurate ingredient labels and prohibited unproven claims and prohibited unproven claims about a productabout a product

Riding the Elephant

Roosevelt often found himself faced with a difficult path leading the Republican party against opposition to his reforms.  (Cartoon by W. A. Rogers, 1905)

Conservation MovementConservation Movement

Preservationists- John Muir, Sierra Club Preservationists- John Muir, Sierra Club sought to maintain wilderness areas for sought to maintain wilderness areas for beauty and aestheticsbeauty and aesthetics

Developers- Big business sought to exploit Developers- Big business sought to exploit resources for economic gainresources for economic gain Mining, timber, farmers, ranchersMining, timber, farmers, ranchers

Conservationists- Gifford Pinchot, U.S. Conservationists- Gifford Pinchot, U.S. Forest Service sought to scientifically Forest Service sought to scientifically manage lands for public and commercial manage lands for public and commercial useuse

Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir on Glacier Point, Yosemite Valley, California

Roosevelt was an avid hunter

TR’s LegacyTR’s LegacyWhat impact did President Roosevelt’s What impact did President Roosevelt’s

efforts leave on the U.S.? On the efforts leave on the U.S.? On the office of the Presidency?office of the Presidency?