Trace Ability Ppt

8/3/2019 Trace Ability Ppt

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The topic focuses on collaborative STEP-based

CAD/CAM/CNC supply chains to program and automate machiningprocess data monitoring and traceability activities. A traceability

interface is defined for the new CNC programming standard ISO

STEP-NC. CAM systems will be able to program monitoring and data

access activities by inserting traceability nc_function calls in CNC

programs. On the shop floor, controllers will automatically interpretthese nc_functions to access process data while machining and will

relate data records with the corresponding machining operations in a

STEP-NC part program. With both types of informationprocess

data and standard machining program (STEP-NC part program)spread and technologically heterogeneous engineering systems will

have full knowledge about what has happened in production.

Traceability data access automation will assure data reliability.


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What is traceability?

Broadly speaking, traceability refers to the ability to

trace a substance through all stages of the supply and

manufacturing chains. In other words Traceability is defined as the

ability to trace the history, application or location of

an entity by means of recorded identifications. This

definition, incorporated in 1987 into ISO 8402


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Traceability of manufacturing processes meansrecording product manufacturing information regarding

raw materials, employees, machines, tools, storage,

conditions, and so on. The objective is to be able to

react to defects or incorrect behavior that originated inthe manufacturing process for final products. If a part is

reported as defective, traceability records can be

reviewed to obtain information on, for example, the raw

material lot used to make a specific part (trace-back ortracing). Such information may be used to avoid

massive product recalls by precisely delimiting

individual products made in the same conditions


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Globalization requires that traceability activities

for data recording and management move from a local view

(internal traceability) towards supply chain visibility (external

traceability). In spread and global manufacturing environments,main companies (contractor or assembly companies)

design the products and are responsible for all their parts, even

if manufactured in supplier companies. Redesigning parts,

analyzing product failures, etc., sometimes needs to be doneusing information about how they were manufactured on the

supplier shop floor


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`Process monitoring is a relatively recent development in the

broader field of monitoring and evaluation. It provides a means

to assess the quality of product and implementation,

complimenting quantitative, input-output progress monitoring

Process Monitor is an advanced monitoring tool for

collaborative manufacturing


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In manufacturing scenarios, monitoring and

traceability activities such as configuration, shop-floor

data collection and data management, are usually

performed by different and changing partners. Tointegrate these activities and enable collaboration

across the supply chain, it is necessary to reach an

effective finish of the manufacturing.


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The first challenge relates to interoperability issues in complexmanufacturing processes with flexible and dynamic supply chains.Plant-level production applications and business systems need to shareand exchange information.

The second challenge is in regard to data availability overcoming thetemporary character of the relationships between enterprises.

Traceability data may be required after long periods of time, whenSome companies may no longer be part of the extended supply chain.

A third challenge is the need for common traceability informationmodels that overcome the use of customized company models.Traceability data may be difficult to merge and understand if

companies use different data formats and organize informationdifferently.


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the use of G&M codes (ISO 6983)which is the standard

programming language for shop-floor CNC machineshastraditionally limited traceability systems to customized or locally

made solutions. Data recorded by these systemseven though

they may be related to CNC machining process specifications (a

G&M program)are difficult to relate to other product databecause of the lack of such a relationship in G&M-based CNC

programs. A new ISO standard, commonly referred to as STEP-

NC, is currently being developed to provide a data model for a

new breed of intelligent CNC controllers. STEP-NC makes

available higher information content to the CNC, describing not

only how to make the piece but also what to make by

incorporating feature-based product knowledge (holes, pockets,

etc.) directly in the CNC controller programs as part of the

information requirements for NC programming.


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first new standardsISA-95 and MT Connect

the STEP-manufacturing environment and the general

structure of STEP-NC programs.

a proposed extension to STEP-NC with new nc_functions forprogramming process monitoring and traceability.

a prototype implementation scenario based on this extended

model


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It represents processes as a functional hierarchy model with five

levels (04), but distinguishes two domains within a

manufacturing company: The enterprise domain (Level 4 for

business planning and logistics), the manufacturing domain

(Level 3 and lower for manufacturing operations and control, and

process control, whether batch, continuous or discrete). The ISA-

95 enterprise/control system standard defines data models asinterfaces between Level 4 business functions and Level 3

manufacturing operation functions. ISA-95 also defines a

PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE model for Level 3

(manufacturing) information to be provided as feedback to Level

4 (business). Some software vendors such as Fanuc, Rockwell

Automation and Siemens have implemented a common

component framework across their respective products to create a

common data model based on the terminology, object models in

ISA-95 specifications


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Requirements configuration

Data access Off-line data analysis


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main traceability activities performed in a collaborative

manufacturing scenario, as follows:

- Automatic traceability requirements communication to the

shop-floor and automatic interpretation by the CNC controller

(set-up). It is not always necessary or even desirable to collect

machining data about all features of the part since most critical

manufacturing errors can be found by checking a selected group

of features. The nc_functions approach is a way of programming

traceability and monitoring actions for a selected group offeatures or tool paths.


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- Automatic traceability data collection on the shop-floor. Automatic data access ensures data reliability. If

data is reviewed in the future, there will be noconcerns about the method for retrieving that data inthe past (probably from a subcontractor shop-floor).

- Automatic communication, review and management ofthe traceability data collected on the shop-floor. STEP-NC documents the manufacturing process and may beused as metadata for other standards to attributesignificance to their data.


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Trace Ability Ppt