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TRADE, INVESTMENT, INNOVATION & INDUSTRY 4.0 Bernardo Calzadilla-Sarmiento, PhD Director, Department of Trade, Investment and Innovation
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TRADE INVESTMENT INNOVATION
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Global Challenges relate to …
NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIAL MODERNIZATION
GLOBAL INVESTMENT
GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS
TRADE
FACILITATION
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Responding to Global Challenges Achieving the SDGs will require global investments far beyond current levels of development finance, private investment can play a major role Rapidly evolving global manufacturing landscape, SMEs need to embrace a focused approach to improving and sustaining competitive manufacturing capabilities Innovation is integral to a country’s performance as enhanced productivity ultimately results in higher social welfare Quality and compliance of products and services with market requirements and standards are key elements of competitiveness in global business relations There is a need to improve movement of goods across borders
GLOBAL INVESTMENT
INDUSTRIAL MODERNIZATION
NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS
TRADE FACILITATION
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Trade, Investment and Innovation: Focus
TRADE
Quality Infrastructure
INVESTMENT
Impact Investment
& ITPO Network
INNOVATION
Industry 4.0
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TII Vision
We endeavor to drive socio-economic transformation and sustainable growth, by creating jobs, enhancing industrial competitiveness and boosting innovation for better access to markets.
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Modular Approach
Environment
Energy
Agri-Business
Partnerships
Improving Business Environment
Industrial Modernization & SME Clustering
Mobilizing Responsible Investment & Sustainable Technology
Boosting Innovation
Promoting Quality & Standards
Facilitating Trade
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Trade, Investment & Innovation
Improving Business
Environment
Create and maintain an operating
environment that stimulates
sustainable industrial
development
Industrial Modernization
& SME Clustering
Enhance productivity and develop linkages
to sustainable supplier
networks
Mobilizing Responsible
Investment & Sustainable Technology
Diversify the economy, expand
the production base and create jobs through the mobilization of resources and promotion of technology
Boosting Innovation
Deploy innovation to
foster entrepreneurship
and enhance productivity
Promoting Quality & Standards
Ensure quality and compliance with standards
and market requirements for
enhanced competitiveness and integration
into global value chains
Facilitating Trade
Improve the movement of goods across
national borders to facilitate
connectivity to global markets
TII THEMATIC MODULES
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Improving the Business Environment
The business environment (BE) is
determined by the nexus of policy, legal,
institutional, and regulatory conditions that govern business
activities as well as by the mechanisms of
government policy and institutional
arrangements that influence the way key
actors operate.
UNIDO FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES & TOOLS o Business registration and single point of registration o Formulation of sectoral and/or thematic policies (e.g.
investment policy, quality policy) o Capacity building focusing on analysis, design,
implementation and monitoring of business environment reforms
o Advisory services on quality and investment policies, quality infrastructure development
o Market intelligence and diagnostic studies o Advisory services on business infrastructure (hard and
soft) for establishing science, industry and technology parks, economic zones and innovation hubs
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Business Registration in Vietnam
CONTEXT UNIDO’s technical assistance addressed obstacles faced by entrepreneurs in completing start-up registration procedures, including business, tax, statistics and seal registration
MAIN APPROACH o Implementation of
enterprise law o preparation of legislation
to simplify and standardize business registration procedures
o In 2010, the Agency for Business Registration (ABR) was established to manage and oversee business registration nation-wide
IMPACT & RESULTS o The statutory o time-limit for registration
was reduced from 15 days to 3 days in 2014.
o Doing business in Vietnam became less risky: legal and accurate information is now publicly available online
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Industrial Modernization and SME Clustering
To keep up with the rapidly evolving global manufacturing landscape, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
in developing countries and economies in transition need to embrace a focused
approach to improving and sustaining competitive manufacturing capabilities,
proving conformity with market requirements and connecting to
external markets. Furthermore, the increased consumer attention on social
and environmental dimensions of production processes requires
adjustments in global value chains and business models across all sectors.
UNIDO FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES & TOOLS
o Industrial Upgrading and Modernization Programme (IUMP)
o Sustainable Supplier Development (SSD) Programme
o Cluster Development (CD) Programme o Export and Origin Consortia Programme o Subcontracting and Partnership
Exchange (SPX) Programme
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Enhanced Competitiveness in Central Africa
CONTEXT
The Industrial Restructuring and Upgrading Programme (IUMP) for Central Africa aims at strengthening productive capacities in the region and enhancing the competitiveness of local enterprises.
MAIN APPROACH
UNIDO’s technical assistance seeks to stimulate competitiveness and regional integration, enhance industries and promote accessibility of goods to regional and international markets. In particular, the objective is to upgrade and modernize enterprises, improve access to finance, support the industry, enhance institutions and strengthen entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurship.
IMPACT & RESULTS
o More than 300 national experts trained to perform enterprise diagnosis
o More than 130 national trainers coached to support young entrepreneurs
o Online database with 700 regional experts created
o 50 enterprises supported to modernize their technology and management systems
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Government Enhanced Innovation
& Technology Policy
Academia
Intermediaries Enhanced
institutional technical capacities
Systems of Innovation
Systems of Innovation Mapping
Empirical Policy Advice
STI Observatory
Technology
Foresight | Transfer | Upgrading
Innovation Networks
Innovation & Technology Centres
Empowering SMEs
Firm-innovation Analysis
Standard for Innovation Management Systems
SMEs Higher productivity | Upgraded production process | Improved
innovation capacities | Promoted standards of innovation | Enhanced
competitiveness and market access
Boosting Innovation
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Organizational Innovation India
CONTEXT
The ability of an organization to innovate is the requisite for the successful utilization of resources and new technologies. Consequently, the challenges associated with the introduction of a new technology leads to changes in managerial practices and the emergence of new organizational forms.
MAIN APPROACH The project aims to address gaps identified through the following approaches : o Skills, knowledge and
technology transfer o Structured expert dialogue o Study tours o Twinning programmes o International fellowship
tours o Learning-by-doing o Training of trainers
IMPACT & RESULTS
o A comprehensive evidence-based action plan for government to affect institutional change
o Better support infrastructure for innovation
o Development of linkages and networks with European institutions
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Investment Monitoring
Investment Learning
Investment Networking
ITPO Network and Delegate Programme
Investment and Technology Promotion
Offices
Investment Learning Centre Computer Model
for Feasibility Analysis and Reporting, COMFAR
SPX Subcontracting and partnership
exchange
EDIP Enterprise
Development and Investment
Promotion programme
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) monitoring tools Firm-level survey
Mobilizing Responsible Investment and Sustainable Technology Responsible investment and sustainable technology contribute to economic transformation and lead to greater prosperity. Increased investment and technology flows create new jobs, generate income and help diversify the economy by expanding the production base while improving market access and infrastructure development.
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Worldwide Network of ITPOs
GERMANY
AUSTRIA
NIGERIA
CHINA (2) RUSSIA
JAPAN
KOREA
BAHRAIN
ITALY
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FLAGSHIP PROGRAMMES & TOOLS o Quality policy advice o Standards compliance
observatory o Quality infrastructure systems
(QIS) strengthening o Quality and standards
compliance development for value chains
o Laboratory diagnostic and knowledge tools
o Quality promotion and award schemes
o Sustainability and private standards capacity-building
Promoting Quality and Standards
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World-class Cosmetic Sector in Colombia
CONTEXT The Government of Colombia has identified the cosmetics industry as a sector with high growth and high export potential. However, an insufficient capacity for compliance with international standards as well as the absence of internationally recognized conformity assessment services, among other shortfalls, have caused low competiveness and export rejections.
MAIN APPROACH UNIDO aims at supporting Colombian enterprises to improve compliance with international quality standards and private and sustainability standards. The overall objective of the programme is to help local enterprises to be more competitive and allow them to enter international markets, creating new opportunities and increasing socio-economic impact, which ultimately leads to sustainable growth.
IMPACT & RESULTS o Compliance with
international quality standards and private and sustainability standards is increased
o 6 trainings conducted in topics related to market access and 223 people trained
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Conduct analytical work to identify the shortcomings
in traded products
Increase transparency by supporting
testing / inspection
service providers
Support institutions/
National standards
bodies (NSB) to align with
international standards
Strengthening WTO
TBT/SPS/TF Enquiry Points to contribute to
the simplification
of trade flows
Harmonization of compliance requirements and mutual
recognition of conformity assessment procedures
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Facilitating Trade The need to improve the movement of goods across national borders has become ever more important with value chains spanning the globe. Lengthy procedures and border rejections result in major financial losses for the producers, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and can damage the reputation of exporting countries. Therefore, effective, efficient and internationally-recognized testing, inspection and certification services that are compliant with WTO agreements are crucial to meeting the standards of external markets.
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Facilitating Trade in SADC
CONTEXT To prove and verify the quality of goods, conformity assessment certificates are sought for. Certificates obtained in the SADC region are often not recognized nationally/internationally, which represents a barrier to trade. Hence, there is a need to enhance the capacity of SADC countries to verify compliance with standards and quality requirements in order to facilitate trade.
MAIN APPROACH
o Strengthening the laboratories in the SADC region to offer high quality and reliable testing services for enterprises and regulators to facilitate trade
o Improving the availability of market-driven quality infrastructure services (testing and inspection) to support trade facilitation
IMPACT & RESULTS o Development of the
Laboratory Assessment Tool which helps identify the technical gaps of testing laboratories in the SADC region
o Application of the tool in 11 SADC countries in 2016 and generating responses from 175 laboratories
o Identification of key technical gaps in testing laboratories which need to be addressed
THE NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRY 4.0
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Industry 4.0 Side Event during UNIDO GC
SIDE EVENT
INDUSTRY 4.0
THE OPPORTUNITIES BEHIND THE CHALLENGE
during UNIDO General Conference
29 November 2017
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The 4th Industrial Revolution
18TH CENTURY MECHANIZATION Steam and Water Power
20TH CENTURY AUTOMATION Computer
TODAY CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS Internet of Things
19TH CENTURY MASS PRODUCTION Electrification Conveyor
Economies of Scale Economies of Scope Individual Production
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4th Industrial Revolution
SMART FACTORY
BIG DATA & CLOUD
COMPUTING
CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
SIMULATION & VISUALIZATION
MODELS
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(3D PRINTING)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
BLOCK CHAIN
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4th Industrial Revolution CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes, with feedback loops where processes affect computations and vice versa
BIG DATA & CLOUD COMPUTING A model for enabling access to shared
pools of configurable resources (e.g. computer networks), which can be
rapidly provisioned
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Intelligent machines capable of
performing tasks in the world by themselves, without explicit human
control
SIMULATION MODELS Enables scenarios for products or processes to be altered and tested in a virtual environment
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (3D PRINTING) Processes used to create a 3D object in which layers of material are formed under computer control to create an object
BLOCK CHAIN A digital ledger in which transactions
made in bitcoin or another cryptocurrency are recorded chronologically and publicly
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Industry 4.0: Smart Factory
Technical System
Technical machinery
Embedded System
Hardware & software
Cyber-Physical System
Merging of physical + virtual
Cyber-Physical-Production System
Application to manufacturing
Smart Factory
Network of people, machinery and resources
Source: Fraunhofer Austria
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Benefits of a Smart Factory
DRIVER FOR INNOVATION
INCREASED (RESOURCE) EFFICIENCY
CUSTOMIZATION
Smart factories are drivers for innovation, digitalization allows for new business models, products and processes oProducts can be designed and produced faster oMachines can be repaired quicker oProcurement processes are faster oResource usage is optimized Producers are directly linked to consumers, this allows for individual production and customization
+30%
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Industry 4.0
INTERNET OF THINGS
INTERNET OF PEOPLE
INTERNET OF ENERGY
INTERNET OF SERVICES
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Smart Cities
ENERGY
ENVIRONMENT
MOBILITY
INDUSTRY 4.0
energy transformation | renewable sources | green energy | energy efficiency
circular economy | climate protection | zero emission | responsible use of resources | waste management
infrastructure | multi-modal transport systems | public transport solutions | reducing individual motorized transport
research and technology | digitalization | artificial intelligence | connectivity | productive use of technology
PEOPLE
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Industry 4.0 Implications
PEOPLE
CHANGE OF SOCIETY
CHANGE IN SERVICE PROVISION
PRODUCT CUSTOMIZATION
NEW DIVISION OF LABOUR
RELATED TO QUALIFICATION NEEDS
INCOME WITHOUT WORK
EDUCATION
BUSINESS
NEW LANDSCAPE OF COMPETITION
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
RELATED TO COST OF LABOUR MAY DECREASE
DECENTRALIZED
PRODUCTION
GOVERNMENT
MARKETS NEED TO BE PREPARED FOR UPCOMING
CHANGE
POLICY REQUIRED TO MAKE SURE ADVANTAGES
AND BENEFITS ARE SHARED EQUALLY, NO ONE
IS LEFT BEHIND
ATTRACT VENTURE CAPITAL
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UNIDO’s role in the New Industrial Revolution
Establishing multi-stakeholder knowledge sharing platforms to create awareness on Industry 4.0 opportunities and challenges for pursuing ISID in developing countries
Support governments and industry to work together with an aim to establish innovation-friendly policies, regulations and standards and to build an enabling digital Infrastructure and ensure digital Inclusion
Sharing available tools and methods for innovation management and foster innovation hubs and networks
Exploring methods and best practices to support SMEs digital transformation and bridging the gender digital divide
Building awareness on the issues of new infrastructure, standards and policies that need to be developed or mainstreamed to correspond to the new technologies
KNOWLEDGE SHARING
POLICY SUPPORT
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
SUPPORT TO SMEs
AWARENESS RAISING
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Paradigm Shift
Industry 4.0 will have mayor implications for …
POLICY
INSTITUTIONS
ENTERPRISES PEOPLE
CONCLUSION
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Conclusion It is important to have a coherent strategy for Industry 4.0
Government has to take a leading role, for example, bringing together all stakeholders, adjusting regulation, supporting entrepreneurs, creating education centres, etc.
Implementation of Industry 4.0 will have implications on policy, institutions, enterprises and people
Innovators in particular need financial resources, education and research as well as experts and talent
People might experience employment gaps in the short run, but need to be prepared for fundamental change in the long run
The private sector-government link is important and collaboration is fundamental for successful adoption of Industry 4.0
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Conclusion
INVESTMENT
INNOVATION
INCLUSIVENESS
… are three important elements to embrace the 4th Industrial Revolution towards a Smart Society
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THANK YOU.