Tradeoffs and Balance: IAQ & Energy Efficiency May 20, 2014 Henning Bloech, LEED AP General Manager, Building Performance Programs Copyright © 2014 Underwriters

Tradeoffs and Balance: IAQ & Energy Efficiency

May 20, 2014

Henning Bloech , LEED APGeneral Manager, Building Performance Programs

Copyright © 2014 Underwriters Laboratories. All rights reserved.

2

TESTING

INSPECTION

CERTIFICATION

AUDITING

VALIDATION

TRAINING & ADVISORY

Services for today’s challenges


3

Rely on UL


4

44%OF GLOBAL EXECUTIVES CITED

“GROWING COMPLEXITY OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN” AS THEIR TOP

BUSINESS PRESSURE.

Easing supply chain complexity

• Regulatory compliance and trade requirements for manufacturers and retailers. Prioritizing ethical practices and enabling real-time information and decision making

Services:

Quality Inspections

Performance and Verification Testing

Information Insights

Supply Chain Traceability

Component Certifications

Risk Identification and Management Audits

Social Responsibility and Accountability Audits


5

THE MOBILE PAYMENTS INDUSTRY WILL QUADRUPLE

TO MORE THAN

$1.3TRILLION OVER THE

NEXT FIVE YEARS.

• World’s leader in end-to-end transaction security services for financial institutions, merchants, third-party processors and wireless carriers

Services:

Transaction Security Consulting Services

Transaction Security Evaluation Services

Transaction Security Test Services

Transaction Security Training

Advancing transaction security


6

BY 2050,THE OVER-80 AGE GROUP IS

PROJECTED TO REACH NEARLY 379 MILLION GLOBALLY. THIS IS ALMOST 5.5

TIMES AS MANY AS IN 2000.

• Focus on aging population and digitalization of industry for healthcare facilities, providers and insurers

Services:

Third-Party Regulatory Approval

Non-Clinical Testing

Clinical Services Audits

Management System Assessment

Usability Testing

Regulatory Support Advisory Services

Clinical Research Organization Advisory Services

Modernizing health sciences


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Facilitating sustainable energy

• Working with manufacturers, governments, utilities and leading research institutions on safety and security of new processes, technologies and products

Services:

Energy Efficiency Testing

Energy Efficiency Certification

Standards Development

Smart Meter and Appliance Services

Renewable Energy Infrastructure

Safety Certification

Performance Certification 80%OF THE WORLD’S ENERGY

DEMAND COULD BE FULFILLED BY RENEWABLES BY 2050.


8

Delivering confidence to the food industry

• Advise on safety and security of food and premiums for food and beverage manufacturers, premium manufacturers, packaging vendors and retailers

Services:

QA Program Development

Regulatory Testing

Factory Capability and Quality Audits

Package Review

Food Safety Training


Food Safety Audits

THE GLOBAL FAST FOOD INDUSTRY IS ESTIMATED TO ACCOUNT FOR REVENUE OF

$706.7BILLION IN 2012, OR ABOUT 38% OF THE GLOBAL FOOD

SERVICE SECTOR.


9

MODERN HOMES REACH FLASHOVER

8XFASTER THAN HOMES BUILT

50 YEARS AGO DUE IN PART TO NEW MATERIALS IN BUILDING PRODUCTS AND

FURNISHINGS.

Protecting the built environment

• Focus on the structural integrity and safety of built structures with architects, specifiers, contractors, authorities and fire service

Services:

Safety Research

Fire Service Training

Qualified Contractor Programs

Multi-Attribute Sustainable Product Certification


Fire Behavior Consulting

Flammability Testing


10

INDOOR AIR IS

2-10X MORE POLLUTED THAN

OUTDOOR AIR DUE TO INCREASED CHEMICAL EMISSIONS

AND TIGHTER, MORE INSULATED BUILDINGS.

• Focus on pollutants and emissions and their impact on human health with manufacturers, retailers and built environment professionals

Services:

UL GREENGUARD Certification

Eco-INSTITUT Certification

Chemical Emissions Testing

Indoor Air Quality Certification

Environmental Claim Validation

Championing indoor air quality


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IAQ Experience and Qualification

• Building Investigations (Proactive and Incident Response)

• Occupant Complaint Evaluations • Forensic Investigations • Water Loss Solutions • Mold or Chemical or Odor Remediation Protocols • Design and Management of Large Scale IAQ Studies• Public Relations and Communications Support• LEED Certification and Green Building Services• Litigation Support • Building Moisture Surveys (Moisture Mapping) • Operations and Maintenance Programs

Air Quality Sciences founded in 1989, acquired by UL in 2011


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Why is Indoor Air Quality Important?

• People spend more than 90% of their time indoors

• People receive the majority of their environmental exposure to chemicals indoors (70%+)

• Air pollutions levels indoors are typically 2x5 (sometimes 1,000x) higher than those found outside


13

IAQ and Health

• Asthma and allergies • Headaches• Respiratory disease• Eye, nose & throat irritation• Reproductive / developmental

defects• Neurological disease• Cardiovascular disease• Some forms of cancer


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• 14% of annual healthcare cost from IAQ related health effects

• 14.7% increase in math and 13.7% in reading scores through better IAQ

Good IAQ is Good Policy


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• 8-10% increased productivity through improved IAQ

• Average salaries ~ $2,000/m2

• $160/m2 vs. $3/m2

• Offset energy savings 50x

Good IAQ is Good Business


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• Remediation costs on average over 100 times more than prevention

• Estimated 8-10% of buildings with mold and moisture problems in UAE

Good IAQ is Good Business


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What are we breathing?


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Common VOCs in the Air

Carcinogens

Reproductive Toxins

Odorants/Irritants

Other

21%

12%

44%

23%


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Particulates, Dust, and Combustion Gases


20

Radon


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Allergens


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Mold

• Mold spores are found everywhere, indoors and outdoors

• Mold GROWTH should not occur indoors

• Key question:

NOT if mold is present?

but…

Is there sustained GROWTH?


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Building Reality

• Aggressive budgets and schedules

• Unproven materials • Unique building features • Little to no IAQ

commissioning


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• Shift from natural to mostly synthetic materials

• Compacted work spaces

• Decreased ventilation

• Tighter Envelopes• Designs can lack necessary

contextual response

Shift in Design & Construction


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Market Survey

Source: McGraw-Hill Construction

For high performance buildings, owners and tenants value indoor air quality/health & well-being most

Bette

r Ind

oor A

ir Qua

lity

Great

er H

ealth

& W

ell-b

eing

Lower

Ope

ratin

g Cos

ts

83% 83%

77%


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Green Building Systems

• Limited focus on IAQ• Insufficient Requirements• Healthy IAQ not a “must have“• Potentially compromising

incentives


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Trend towards requiring less ventilation:1. Energy conservation

2. Cost savings

Ventilation (ACH) Under Default Conditions

Office Classroom Home

ASHRAE 62-2001 0.93 hr-1 5 hr-1 0.35 hr-1

ASHRAE 62.x-2007 0.57 hr-1 3.1 hr-1 0.21 hr-1


ASHRAE 62 Standard – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

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All else being equal …

Lower↓ ventilation → Higher↑ pollutant concentrations

Ventilation

Concentration


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Indoor air quality in ‘Green’ Buildings

Case study conducted by UL Air Quality Sciences on 18 Green Buildings

Copyright © 2014 Underwriters Laboratories. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2014 Underwriters Laboratories. All rights reserved.

30

Measured TVOC Levels


Summary of TVOC Values1,124 298 465594 263 256

1,824 290 3991,562 261 473

314 260 659868 312 442255 311 1,571403 348 1,365

1,213 481 4212,429 1,109 930

902 549 1,3911,263 665 1,519

681 319 3,253350 1,121 1,665291 1,298 293

2,140 709 2741,088 270 277

TVOC (µg/m3) 51 Rooms in 18 “Green” Buildings

TVOC (µg/m3)

LEED EQ 3.2 Maximum Level

(µg/m3)

Average 820 500

Median 549 500

Range 256 – 3,253 500

Average # of VOCs

79 ----

More than 50% (26 of 51) readings fail!

31

Building 1 Building 2

Case Study #2 - A Tale of Two Buildings


32

Building 1

Building 1

Owner: State of Washington,Department of Natural Resources

New Construction

Indoor Air Quality Prioritized:• Proper installation sequence for materials

• Temporary ventilation during construction

• Low-emitting materials specified

• Indoor Air Quality testing before occupancy


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Building 2

Owner: Private,Atlanta Telecommunications Company

New Construction

Indoor Air Quality was not prioritized

Building 2


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Levels Taken for Building 1μ

g/m

3

20 20

200

12 20

250

90

175

018

92


35

μg

/m3

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Criteria Measured Value 1 Week

Measured Value 2 Weeks

Measured Value after 12

Weeks

Formaldehyde

TVOC

Particles

20 20200

92 110

3200

90 84

2800

116

600

Levels Taken for Building 2


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Government Building, Washington DC

• Building purchased for $22M• Floor deflections repaired with epoxy leveling agent,

new carpet laid over top

• Temporary relocation of all tenants due to ongoing

Indoor Air Quality Complaints

• Removal and replacement of leveler

• Replacement of all adsorbtive materials

• 5 years of mitigation topping $6.2M

• Inability to re-lease space for the next 3 years• Demolished


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Courthouses, Florida

Martin County Courthouse• Moldy walls months after opening• Nausea and headaches• $25M remediation ($14M settlements)

Polk County• $27M building cost• Health complaints• $47M remediation cost ($29M insurance,

$7M settlements)

38

High End Hotel, Hawaii

• $95M tower opened in April 2001

• 25-story building closed in mid-July 2002 due to mold (453 rooms)

• $200,000 lost revenue per day

• Cost to remediate exceeded $55M


39


High End Home, Atlanta

• LEED Gold Certified home• 6 months old• Home residents experiencing irritation and

flu-like symptoms• TVOC levels 6x LEED clearance levels• Over 725 different chemicals present

including Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Ethylene Glycol, Mercury, Ammonia, Plasticizers

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Achieving Balance

Proactive IAQ Management and Preventative Maintenance

throughout building life cycle


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IAQ dependent on a Complex System

• Building Design• Construction Management• Building Envelope• Mechanical Systems• Materials• Plumbing and Water Features• O & M• Cleaning• Occupants


42

IAQ dependent on Cooperation

• A & D• Owners & Operators• Government & Regulators• Manufacturers• Facility Managers• Service Providers• Insurance & Banks


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IAQ Policy and Regulation

• Not regulated in US or Europe• Source control focus (CARB, French

VOC Label, DIBt, etc.)• Data vs. Forensic Studies• Balance IAQ – Economy – Sustainability• Enforcement Challenges

• Qualifications and accreditation


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Schematic Design and Design Development

• Moisture Management Plan• Specify low chemical-emitting materials• Design an HVAC system specific to the

project• Know the function and capacity of each

space• Maintain an interactive relationship

between the client, designer, engineer, and contractor


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Site Audit

• Building & Site• Environmental Parameters• HVAC and other systems


46

Data Collection

• Moisture• Mold• CO2• Particles• VOCs


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Comprehensive Report

• Audit and Test Results• Interpretations• Gap Analysis• Recommendations• Follow up


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Training and IAQ Management

• Training: building operations personnel

• Moisture & IAQ Management Tools

• Incident response and Communication tools


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IAQ Proactive Approach

• Proactive and Preventative

• Minimal effort = maximum certainty

• Identify and prevent IAQ issues during building design, construction, and operations

• Review impacts of multiple related or interdependent systems

• Audit, assess, sample, review, improve

• Give managers and maintenance staff the tools to maintain a healthy environment


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UL Indoor Air Quality Certification for Buildings


• Document and Design review• Interior moisture testing• Exterior observations and inspection• Verification that key systems are installed and

operating properly• Testing for CO2 and respirable particle levels• Sampling and analyzing for VOCs• Baseline testing for airborne fungi• Training of operations and maintenance staff• IAQ and moisture management plan• Annual audit

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Benefits

• Reduced risk of asset devaluation or loss

• Reduced maintenance cost

• Higher Occupancy Rates

• Reduced Downtime

• Reduced risk of occupant complaints

• Increased performance of building occupants

• Differentiation in the market through an elegant and branded solution

• Legal Compliance


52Copyright © 2014 Underwriters Laboratories. All rights reserved.

53

Thank You


Documents

Tradeoffs and Balance: IAQ & Energy Efficiency May 20, 2014 Henning Bloech, LEED AP General Manager, Building Performance Programs Copyright © 2014 Underwriters