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xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi
seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva
da ganviTarebis strategia
© Georgian Arts and Culture Center
kvleva ganxorcielda xelovnebis saerTaSoriso
centris mier, evrokavSiris aRmosavleT partniorobis
programis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli proeqtis
“SemoqmedebiTi industriebis seqtoris gaZliereba
azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi: tradiciuli
rewva – erTiani platforma ganviTarebisTvis”
farglebSi
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
1
kvlevis avtorebi:
maka dvaliSvili, xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri
Tamar kiknaZe, xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri
ana SanSiaSvili, xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri
irina mania, xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri
konsultantebi:
giorgi yifiani – iuristi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia
irakli kaxiZe – sociologi, saqstati
nino evgeniZe –ekonomisti, ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centri
saerTaSoriso konsultantebi:
saimon elisi, iuneskos kulturis statistikis eqsperti
indrasen venkataSelumi, iuneskos kulturuli industriebisa da tradiciuli rewvis
eqsperti
წინამდებარე პუბლიკაცია განხორციელდა ევროკავშირის მხარდაჭერით. მის შინაარსზე პასუხისმგებელია ხელოვნების საერთაშორისო ცენტრი. პუბლიკაციაში გამოთქმული მოსაზრებები არ გამოხატავს ევროკავშირის პოზიციას.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
2
ruben absanZis keramikuli saxelosno q.zugdidi. tel.: 555151529
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
3
Sinaarsi
Sesavali ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
1. SemoqmedebiTi da kulturuli industriebi da maTi wvlili ekonomikaSi ......... 8
2. tradiciuli rewva, rogorc ekonomikuri resursi: globaluri tendenciebi
da ekonomikurad warmatebuli saerTaSoriso magaliTebi ............................................................ 11
3. tradiciuli rewva rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba............ 13
4. Catarebuli kvlevis aRwera da meTodologia ................................................................................ 15
5. kvlevis sagani da tradiciuli rewvis gansazRvreba .............................................................. 19
6. qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis mokle istoriuli mimoxilva ........................................... 23
6.1. liTonis damuSaveba ........................................................................................................................................................... 23
6.2. keramika ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
6.3. tixruli minanqari .............................................................................................................................................................. 27
6.4. xis mxatvruli damuSaveba .......................................................................................................................................... 27
6.5. qvaze kveTa da gliptika ............................................................................................................................................... 28
6.6. teqstili........................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
7. tradiciuli rewvis socialuri-ekonomikur mniSvneloba ................................................... 32
8. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris arsebuli mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi .................... 35
8.1. arsebuli organizaciuli struqtura ........................................................................................................... 35
8.1.1. samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo struqturebi ............................................................... 35
8.1.2. samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo iniciativebi ................................................................. 36
8.2. iuridiuli baza ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37
8.2.1. sferos identificirebis sakiTxebi ....................................................................................... 37
8.2.2. saqarTvelos kanoni muzeumebis Sesaxeb ........................................................................... 39
8.2.3. saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa
gatanisa da saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb ................................................................................. 39
8.2.4. sferoSi samewarmeo saqmianobis samarTlebrivi formebi da
dabegvris rejimebi, rogorc dafinansebis moZiebis wyaro ............................................... 40
8.2.5. kanoni saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb ................................................. 43
8.2.6. regulaciebi bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb ............................. 44
8.2.7. saxelmwifo politikis Sefaseba tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi ............... 44
8.3. adamianuri resursebi....................................................................................................................................................... 46
8.3.1. SromiTi resursebi ................................................................................................................................. 46
8.3.2. sqesobriv-asakobrivi, erovnuli da socialuri struqtura ........................ 51
8.3.3. asakobrivi struqtura ......................................................................................................................... 53
8.3.4. erovnuli struqtura ........................................................................................................................... 53
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
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8.3.5. socialuri struqtura ....................................................................................................................... 55
8.3.6. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi ......................................................................................... 55
8.4. regionaluri gavrceleba ............................................................................................................................................. 55
8.4.1. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi ......................................................................................... 57
8.5. mwarmoeblebis struqtura samewarmeo statusis mixedviT ......................................................57
8.5.1. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi ......................................................................................... 58
8.6. dargobrivi struqtura .................................................................................................................................................. 58
8.6.1. teqstili ........................................................................................................................................................... 58
8.6.2. Telva ..................................................................................................................................................................... 61
8.6.3. naqargoba .......................................................................................................................................................... 63
8.6.4. qsova ...................................................................................................................................................................... 64
8.6.5. dazgaze qsova .............................................................................................................................................. 64
8.6.6. moCiTuli qsovili .................................................................................................................................. 67
8.6.7. kerva ...................................................................................................................................................................... 68
8.6.8. Rebva ...................................................................................................................................................................... 68
8.6.9. keramika ............................................................................................................................................................... 68
8.6.10. minanqari ............................................................................................................................................................ 72
8.6.11. xis damuSaveba ............................................................................................................................................. 73
8.6.12. liTonis damuSaveba ............................................................................................................................... 77
8.6.13. qva/Zvali ............................................................................................................................................................ 79
8.6.14. mina, tyavis da qaRaldis damuSaveba ................................................................................... 80
8.6.15. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi ......................................................................................... 80
8.7. saxelosnoebi da danadgarebi ................................................................................................................................. 81
8.8. produqcia, distribucia, bazari, momxmarebeli, gayidvebi ................................................ 83
8.8.1. produqcia ........................................................................................................................................................ 83
8.8.2. xarisxi ................................................................................................................................................................ 85
8.8.3. fasi ........................................................................................................................................................................ 85
8.8.4. SefuTva da wardgena ............................................................................................................................ 86
8.8.5. momxmarebeli ................................................................................................................................................. 87
8.8.6. distribucia .................................................................................................................................................. 90
8.8.7. gayidvebis arxebi ...................................................................................................................................... 90
8.8.8. eqsporti ............................................................................................................................................................ 93
8.8.9. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi ......................................................................................... 94
8.9. Semosavlebi .................................................................................................................................................................................95
8.10. saganmanaTleblo baza saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da maTi mimoxilva . 97
9. tradiciuli rewvis ZiriTadi problemebi saqarTveloSi .................................................101
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
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9.1. organizaciuli struqtura ..................................................................................................................................... 101
9.2. iuridiuli baza ................................................................................................................................................................... 101
9.3. adamianuri resursebi..................................................................................................................................................... 103
9.4. regionaluri gavrceleba .......................................................................................................................................... 103
9.5. mwarmoeblis struqtura samewarmeo statusis mixedviT ......................................................... 104
9.6. dargobrivi problemebi ............................................................................................................................................... 104
9.6.1. teqstili ......................................................................................................................................................... 104
9.6.2. keramika ............................................................................................................................................................. 105
9.6.3. minanqari........................................................................................................................................................... 105
9.6.4. xis damuSaveba ............................................................................................................................................ 105
9.6.5. liTonis damuSaveba ............................................................................................................................. 105
9.6.6. qvaze kveTa ..................................................................................................................................................... 106
9.6.7. mina, tyavi, qaRaldi, wnuli ......................................................................................................... 106
9.7. saxelosnoebi da danadgarebi .............................................................................................................................. 106
9.8. produqcia, distribucia, bazari, momxmarebeli, gayidvebi ................................................ 106
9.9. saganmanaTleblo baza, dawesebulebebi da maTi problemebi ............................................ 107
10. rekomendaciebi .......................................................................................................................................................... 108
10.1. organizaciuli struqtura ..................................................................................................................................... 108
10.2. iuridiuli baza .................................................................................................................................................................... 111
10.3. produqciis ganviTareba .............................................................................................................................................. 115
10.4. SefuTva da wardgena ...................................................................................................................................................... 116
10.5. infrastuqtura ...................................................................................................................................................................... 117
10.6. distribucia ............................................................................................................................................................................. 118
10.7. bazari, gayidvebi ................................................................................................................................................................. 118
10.8. popularizacia da brendingi ................................................................................................................................ 119
10.9. saganmanaTleblo baza .................................................................................................................................................. 119
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
6
Sesavali
winamdebare dokumenti “tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva
da ganviTarebis strategia” warmoadgens saqarTveloSi 2012-2013 wlebSi Catarebuli
tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris interdisciplinarul kvlevas, romelic moicavs dargSi
arsebuli problemebis analizs da rekomendaciebs, rogorc saxelmwifo politikis
daxvewisa da sakanonmdeblo bazis gaumjobesebisTvis, ise rewvis tradiciebis
SenarCunebis, bazarze orientirebuli produqciis ganviTarebisa da aRniSnuli seqtoris
ekonomikur platformad gardaqmnisTvis.
aRniSnuli kvleva Catarda proeqtis “SemoqmedebiTi industriebis seqtoris gaZliereba,
azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi: tradiciuli rewva - erTiani platforma
ganviTarebisTvis“ farglebSi. proeqti miznad isaxavda amierkavkasiis sam qveyanaSi
SemoqmedebiTi industriebis, kerZod, tradiciuli rewvis sferos mdgradi
ganviTarebisTvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmnas da monawile qveynebsa da evrokavSirs
Soris TanamSromlobis xelSewyobas. igi ganxorcielda xelovnebis saerTaSoriso
centris mier partnior organizaciebTan _ Tbilisis meriasTan, evropis saxlTan,
turizmis erovnul administraciasTan, ekosferasTan (azerbaijani) da arkanelTan
(somxeTi) TanamSromlobiT. proeqti dafinansebulia evrokavSiris aRmosavleT
partniorobis kulturis programis mier.
proeqtSi gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi ramdenime ZiriTad mimarTulebas moicavda,
kerZod:
a. kvleviTi nawili, romelic miznad isaxavda tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris monacemTa
bazisa da eleqtronuli rukis Seqmnas; arsebuli problemebis gamokveTas da
saxelmwifo politikis daxvewisa da sakanonmdeblo bazis gaumjobesebisTvis
rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas.
b. saganmanaTleblo komponenti, romlis mizani iyo saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi
eqspertebis mier Catarebuli treiningebiT tradiciuli rewvis organizaciebisa da
ostatebis unarebis amaRleba Tanamedrove bazris moTxovnebis Sesaxeb. aseve, bazarze
orientirebuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis waxaliseba konkursis “rewvis
saukeTeso produqcia samxreT kavkasiaSi” meSveobiT.saganmanaTleblo komponenti aseve
Seexo kulturis sferos statistikis evropuli da sxva saerTaSoriso standartebis
(UNESCO-s, EUROSTAT) gaziarebasa da praqtikaSi danergvas.
g. farTo sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebaze orientirebul kampania, romelic
miznad isaxavda mdidari tradiciebis da kulturul memkvidreobaze dafuZnebuli
rewvis ekonomikuri potencialis aRqmis amaRlebas da saerTaSoriso konferenciiTa da
sxvadasxva media saSualebebiT cnebis „kulturis ekonomika“ Semotanas da damkvidrebas;
d. TanamSromlobis, gaerTianebebis waxaliseba, romelic gulisxmobda sami qveynis
tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris warmomadgenelTa saerTo qselis Seqmnas, mis
popularizacias da integracias evropul sivrceSi.
proeqtis specifika, rac kulturisa da ekonomikis kavSiris gamokveTas da
SemoqmedebiTi industriebis, kerZod tradiciuli rewvis, rogorc dasaqmebis,
regionaluri ganviTarebis resursad warmoCenaSi mdgomareobs, TavisTavad gulisxmobda
mravaldargobriv midgomas da seqtorTaSoris TanamSromlobas. Sesabamisad, proeqtis
samizne jgufebs warmoadgendnen rogorc samTavrobo seqtoris: kulturis, ekonomikis,
ganaTlebissaministroebis, Sesabamisi saparlamento komitetebis, adgilobrivi
mTavrobebis, muzeumebis, saavtoro uflebebis damcveli saagentoebis, turizmis da
statistikis departamentebis/saagentoebis, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis:
universitetebisa da profesiuli ganaTlebis centrebis warmomadgenlebi;aseve
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
7
arasamTavrobo seqtori - kulturis sferoSi moRvawe arasamTavrobo organizaciebi,
mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi da individualuri ostatebi, maT Soris diasaxlisebi,
axalgazrdebi, unarSezRuduli da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi da regionebis
mosaxleoba.
winamdebare dokumenti moicavs proeqtis kvleviTi komponentis farglebSi
saqarTveloSi Catarebuli farTomasStabiani kvlevisas gamovlenili mdgomareobisa da
gamokveTili problematikis analizs da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT
SemuSavebul samomavlo strategias, romelic Tavis mxriv, miznad isaxavs saqarTveloSi
rewvis seqtoris mdgradi ganviTarebis xelSewyobas.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
8
1. SemoqmedebiTi da kulturuli industriebi da maTi wvlili ekonomikaSi
dRevandel msoflioSi SemoqmedebiTi da kulturuli industriebi ekonomikis
umniSvnelovanes mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgens. Tu meoce saukune industrializaciis
periodi iyo, Tanamedrove msofliom axleburad gaiazra da win wamowia individis,
codnis, SemoqmedebiTi midgomis, rogorc inovaciis pirvelwyaros mniSvneloba da mcire
da saSualo biznesis roli ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi.
“SemoqmedebiTi sawyisis, kulturis, ekonomikis da teqnologiebis sinTezs ZaluZs
Seqmnas inteleqtualuri kapitali, romelsac, Tavis mxriv, didi potenciali aqvs iqces
samuSao adgilebis, eqsportis, kulturuli mravalferovnebisa da socialuri da
adamianuri ganviTarebis xelisSemwyob faqtorad. swored es aris is, rasac
SemoqmedebiTi ekonomika ukve qmnis bevr wamyvan qveyanaSi ekonomikuri zrdis, dasaqmebis,
vaWrobis, inovaciis waxalisebis da socialuri kavSirebis gamyarebis mimarTulebiT.” 1 –
aRniSnulia gaeros 2008 wlis angariSSi SemoqmedebiTi ekonomikis2 Sesaxeb.
SemomqdebiTi da kulturuli industriebis 3 mzardi ekonomikuri potenciali bolo
wlebSi Catarebulma araerTma kvlevam aCvena. maT Sorisaa, 2006 wels evrokomisiis
dakveTiT KEAEuropean Affairs-s mier Catarebuli kvleva “kulturis ekonomika evropaSi” 4,
romelmac gamoavlina, rom SemoqdebiTi ekonomika 2003 wlisTvis evropuli mSp-is 2.6%
qmnida da is daaxloebiT 5 milion adamians asaqmebda. aRniSnulikvlevis Sedegebma
safuZveli Cauyara evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis mier SemoqmedebiTi industriebis rolis
aRiarebas. SemoqmedebiTi industriebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb aranakleb sagulisxmo
kvlevas warmoadgens gaeros 2008 wlis “SemoqmedebiTi ekonomikis angariSi” 5, 2009 wels
aseve evrokomisiis dakveTiT KEAEuropean Affairs-s mier Catarebuli kvleva “kulturis
zegavlena SemoqmedebiTobaze” 6 . ukanaskneli periodis kvlevebs Soris mniSvnelovan
informacias iZleva Tera Consultant–is mier Catarebuli kvleva, romlis mixedviTac 2008
wlisTvis SemoqmedebiTi ekonomika evrokavSiris qveynebis masStabiT 8.5 milion samuSao
adgils (mTliani samuSao Zalis 3.8%) da evropuli mSp-is 4.5% qmnida7.
1SemoqomedebiTi ekonomika Tavis TavSi aerTianebs ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul aspeqtebs, mas gaaCnia codnaze-dafuZnebuli ekonomikis maxasiaTeblebi, mis mTavar mamoZravebel Zalas ki SemoqmedebiTi da kulturuli industriebi warmoadgens. Tavismxriv, SemoqmedebiTi industriebi warmoadgens induqtriebs1 The Creattive Economy 2008, UNCTAD/DITC/2008/2, p. iii 2 The Creattive Economy 2008, UNCTAD/DITC/2008/2, p. 4 3 kulturuli industriebi miekuTvneba industriaTa im rigs, romlebic aerTianebs aramaterialuri da kulturuli xasiaTis SemoqmedebiTi Sinaarsis Seqmnis, warmoebis da komercializaciis process. rogorc wesi, SemoqmedebiTi Sinaarsi daculia saavtoro uflebiT, romelsac SesaZloa hqondes, rogorc produqciis, ise momsaxurebis saxe. kulturul industriebSi ZiriTadad moiazreba sagamomcemlo saqme, audiovzualuri da kinematografiuli produqcia, iseve rogorc rewva da dizaini. SemoqmedebiTi industriebi aerTianebs saqmianobis ufro farTo speqtrs, maT Soris kulturul industriebs da, aseve, yvela tipis industrias, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs kulturul da mxatvrul elements da SemoqmedebiTi sawyisis aqtiur CarTulobas. SemoqmedebiTi industriebi kulturul industriebTan erTad moicavs arqiteqturasa da reklamas. 4 The Economy of Culture in Europe, KEA, Study prepared for the European Commission (Directorate-General for Education and Culture), Brussels, October 2006 http://www.keanet.eu/ecoculture/studynew.pdf 5 The Creative Economy 2008, UNCTAD/DITC/2008/2, http://unctad.org/fr/Docs/ditc20082cer_en.pdf 6 The Impact of Culture on Creativity, KEA, Study prepared for the European Commission (Directorate-General for Education and Culture), Brussels, June 2009 http://ec.europa.eu/culture/documents/study_impact_cult_creativity_06_09.pdf 7The core creative industries generated almost €560 billion of value added and represented approximately 8.5 million jobs in 2008, respectively corresponding to 4.5% of european gdp and 3.8% of european workforce. Tera Consultant, Building a Digital Economy The Importance of saving jobs nin the Eu Cretive Industries, March 2010http://www.teraconsultants.fr/assets/publications/PDF/2010-Mars-Etude_Piratage_TERA_full_report-En.pdf
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
9
seqtoris kvlevam aseve daadastura, rom SemoqmedebiTi industriebis umetesi nawili,
evropis masStabiT ki 80%, 8 mikro da mcire sawarmoebis saxiT funqcionirebs. mcire da
saSualo sawarmoebi da start-ap kompaniebi ki, Tavis mxriv, evrozonis qveynebSi
inovaciis ZiriTad lokomotivebs warmoadgens. evropaSi sawarmoTa 98% mcire da
saSualo sawarmoebze modis; isini qmnian samuSao adgilebis 2/3-s da mTliani
damatebiTi Rirebulebis 60%-s kerZo seqtorSi. regionebi, romlebic SemoqmedebiTobis
maRali doniT xasiaTdeba, ufro maRalSemosavliani da stabiluria. isini
umniSvnelovanes rols asruleben ganviTarebuli qveynebis ekonomikuri stabilurobis
SenarCunebaSi. Teoriis siswore, romlis Tanaxmadac mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi
mniSvnelovani buferis funqcias asruleben ekonomikuri daRmasvlebis dros, kidev
erTxel daadastura 2008 wlis ekonomikurma krizisma. metic, mcire da saSualo
sawarmoebi dasaqmebis ufro stabilur wyaros warmoadgenen; ekonomikuri daRmasvlis
dros isini naklebad aTavisufleben TanamSromlebs. 2009 wlis dasawyisSi msxvil
sawarmoTa raodenoba, romlebmac dasaqmebulTa raodenoba Seamcires, orjer
aRemateboda mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis da samjer mikrobiznesebis raodenobas,
romelic analogiurad moiqca.
paralelurad, bolo wlebSi mimdinare kvlevebis fonze, adgili hqonda SemoqmedebiTi
industriebis rolis deklarirebas da maTi xelSewyobis strategiebis SemuSavebas
rogorc erovnul, ise saerTaSoriso doneze.
evrosabWom aRiara kulturuli da SemoqmedebiTi industriebis wvlili lisabonis
strategiiT (2000-2010) dasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi da igi evropuli inovaciuri
potencialis katalizatorad dasaxa. 2002 wels evroparlamentma miiRo rezolucia
(2002/2127 (INI) 9 , romelic Seexo kulturul industriebs da maT rols kulturuli
produqciis da momsaxurebis SeqmnaSi, ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi, ganaTlebasa da
dasaqmebaSi, rogorc erovnul, ise regionul da adgilobriv doneze. kulturis rogorc
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis stimulatoris an katalizatoris gaazreba gaJRerebulia
iuneskos „kulturis gamoxatulebis mravalferovnebis dacvisa da popularizaciis
konvenciaSi“ (parizi, 2005), aseve „evropis kulturis programaSi msoflio
globalizaciis procesSi”, sadac kulturul da SemoqmedebiT industriebs
gansakuTrebuli roli eniWeba. 2009 weli evropaSi gamocxadda SemoqmedebiTobisa da
inovaciis wlad 10 . Sedegad, dReisaTvis evropis da zogadad dasavleTis qveynebis
umetesobaSi SemoqmedebiTi industriebis ganviTareba saxelmwifos kulturuli,
ekonomikuri da industriuli politikis ganuyofeli nawilia. SemoqmedebiTi
industriebis roli naTlad aris gacxadebuli didi britaneTis, niderlandebis, daniis,
SvedeTis, fineTis, safrangeTis da germaniis, italiis, portugaliis, litvis, CexeTis,
bulgareTis, estoneTis da irlandiis erovnul politikaSi. 11 F saerTaSoriso
gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom maTi efeqturi ganxorcielebis Sedegad araerTi samuSao
adgili Seiqmna, mravali regioni gamococxlda, gaizarda maTi turistuli
mimzidveloba. am mxriv yvelaze mowinave qveyanaa didi britaneTi, sadac SemoqmedebiTi
industriebis ganviTareba kulturis, mediisa da sportis departamentma jer kidev 1997
wlidan Seitana sakuTar strategiaSi. londonSi arsebuli kulturuli industriebis
ganviTarebis saagento specialurad SemoqmedebiT seqtorSi moRvawe mikro da mcire
sawarmoebis daxmarebisTvisaa Seqmnili. britaneTis mTavrobis mier daarsebuli
8 The enterpreneurial dimesion of the cultural and creative industries, Untrecht School of Arts K2M ltd, Eurokleis S.r.L, For the Education & Culture DG of the EC, Nomeber 2011., p. 7 9http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/summary.do?id=78496&t=e&l=en 10 Unlocking the potential of the cultural and creative Industries, EC green Paper ( April, 2010). http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-policy-development/doc/GreenPaper_creative_industries_en.pdf 11 The enterpreneurial dimesion of the cultural and creative industries, Untrecht School of Arts K2M ltd, Eurokleis S.r.L, For the Education & Culture DG of the EC, Nomeber 2011., p. 51
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specialuri programa “SemoqmedebiTi britaneTi” (Creative Britain) miznad isaxavs
xelovnebasa da ekonomikas Soris arsebuli kavSirebis gaRrmavebas. grZelvadiani
strategiis mizanmimarTuli ganxorcielebis Sedegad didi britaneTis SemoqmedebiTi
industriebis seqtori erT-erTi yvelaze swrafad mzardi ekonomikuri seqtoria. jer
kidev 2005 wlisTvis am seqtorSi 1.3 milioni adamiani iyo dasaqmebuli, misi Semosavali
ki 112,5 miliardi funti sterlingi iyo.
SemoqmedebiTi industriebis qveseqtorebis klasifikacia xSirad gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisgan, rac qveynebis specifikiTaa gamowveuli. Tumca, maT Soris ZiriTadad
moiazreba kino, saSemsruleblo xelovneba, musika, xelovneba da antikvarebi,
arqiteqtura, moda, dizaini, rewva, kompiuteruli TamaSebi, reklama, sagamomcemlo
saqmianoba, televizia da radio. aqedan, dReisTvis, evropis masStabiT yvelaze
maRalSemosavliani seqtorebia moda (247.189.494 evro), dizaini (157,112, 932 evro), radio
da televizia (155.192.531 evro)12.
12 The enterpreneurial dimesion of the cultural and creative industries, Untrecht School of Arts K2M ltd, Eurokleis S.r.L, For the Education & Culture DG of the EC, Nomeber 2011., p. 78
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2. tradiciuli rewva, rogorc ekonomikuri resursi: globaluri tendenciebi da ekonomikurad warmatebuli saerTaSoriso magaliTebi
kulturuli industriebis calke dargad gamoiyofa tradiciuli rewva, romelic iseTi
seqtorebis paralelurad, rogoricaa musika, kino, arqiteqtura, moda da sxva,
msoflios sxvadasxva qveynisa Tu regionis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanes resurss da
dasaqmebisa da ekonomikuri zrdis wyaros warmoadgens.
iuneskos monacemebis mixedviT 2006 wels globaluri masStabiT rewvis ostatTa
nawarmis eqsportma 186.5 miliardi a. S. S. dolars miaRwia13.
tradiciuli rewva gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs ganviTarebadi qveynebis ekonomikaSi.
iuneskos zemoxsenebuli monacemebiT 186.5 miliardidan, 87 miliardi, anu 47%, swored
ganviTarebad qveynebze modis. 14 am tendencias gansakuTrebiT aZlierebs tradiciuli
xelsaqmis da xalxuri rewvis mcire damokidebuleba teqnologiur siaxleebze,
Sesabamisad, finansur kapitalze da, aseve, misi siaxlove adgilobriv resursebTan da
tradiciul codnasTan.
azia da evropa tradiciuli rewvis porduqciis wamyvani saeqsporto regionebia.
indoeTis wili tradiciuli rewvis produqciis msoflio bazarze 2004 wels 1.5% iyo,
1.2 milioni dolaris brunviT, 2006 wlisTvis ki eqportma 1.9 miliard aSS dolars
miaRwia. 2007 wels tradiciuli rewvis produqciiT vaWrobis yovelwliurma zrdam ki
10% Seadgina. Tumca ekonomikuri krizisis Semdeg, misi wili tradiciuli rewvis
produqciis msoflio bazarze 2%-mde davida. 15
ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT warmatebuli iyo tailandSi
ganxorcielebuli proeqti OTOP One Tambon One Product-i (erTi tamboni (tailandis
administraciuli erTeuli) erTi produqti), romelic 2001 wlidan mimidinareobs.
proeqtis mizani iyo tradiciuli rewvis SenarCuneba tailandis soflis mosaxleobaSi
da maTi Semosavlis gazrda. proeqtis miznebis misaRwevad TiToeul sofelSi moxda
rewvis erTi produqtis identificireba, maTi xarisxis daxvewa, Tanamedrove bazris
standartebis SemuSaveba, produqciis brendingi, adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi mewarmeobis
da biznes unarebis ganviTareba da produqciis saerTaSoriso bazarze marketingi.
Sedegad, tradiciuli rewvis produqciis eqsportiT miRebulma Semosavalma 2002 wlis 2
milioni aSS dolaridan 2004 wlisTvis 102 milion aSS dolars miaRwia16.
gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavia didi britaneTis rewvis seqtorSi ekonomikuri maCveneblebi,
romlis mixedviTac aRniSnuli dargis ekonomikurma brunvam 2012 wels 10.8 miliard
funt sterlings miaRwia. didi britaneTis tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi 169,000 adamiania
dasaqmebuli, rac ekonomikuri gaTvlebiT kidev gaizrdeba da 2022 wlisTvis dasaqmebaSi
zrda 12% miaRwevs. seqtoris wili didi britaneTis ekonomikis mTlian damatebiT
RirebulebaSi 4.4. miliardia 17 , rac, Tavis mxriv, kidev erTxel adasturebs am
industriis did ekonomikur potencials.
13Friel, M., Crafts, A hidden heart of creative industries, Tafter Journal; April, 2010.Retrieved November 15 from http://www.tafterjournal.it/2010/04/02/crafts-a-hidden-heart-of-creative-industries/. 14Friel, M., Crafts, A hidden heart of creative industries, Tafter Journal; April, 2010.Retrieved November 15 from http://www.tafterjournal.it/2010/04/02/crafts-a-hidden-heart-of-creative-industries/. 15 Vanaja Menon, Art of Marketing Village Crafts; Challenges in Applying Quantitative Marketing to Resist Recession, p.1.http://www.wbiconpro.com/509-Vanaja.pdf 16 Creative Industries and Micro & Small Scale Enterprise Development: A contribution to Poverty Alleviation, UNIDO. pp. 31-32 http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/69264_creative_industries.pdf 17 Mapping Heritage Crafts, the economic controbution of crafts sector in England, October 2012, http://blueprintfiles.s3.amazonaws.com/1353320471-Mapping_Heritage_Craft.pdf
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tradiciuli rewvis produqciis eqsportis zemoT aRniSnuli monacemebiT
dadasturebuli pozitiuri globaluri tendenciis da saqarTveloSi arsebuli
potencialis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic erTi mxriv ganpirobebulia rewvis uZvelesi
tradiciebis dRemde Semonaxuli mravalferovnebiT, xolo meore mxriv, regionisadmi
mzardi turistuli ineteresiT, saqarTveloSi kulturul memkvidreobaze dafuZnebuli
industriebis ganviTarebisa da misi ekonomikuri mdgradobis mniSvnelovani
perspeqtivebi ikveTeba.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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3. tradiciuli rewva rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba
2003 wels iuneskom “aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis konvencia” miiRo,
ramac mniSvnelovnad gaafarTova „kulturuli memkvidreobis“ manamde arsebuli gageba da
igi Zeglebisa da koleqciebis garda gaavrcela aramaterialur memkvidreobazec.
konvenciis mixedviT aramaterialur kulturul memkvidreobad aRiarebul iqna
zepirsityvieri tradiciebi, maT Soris ena, rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli
memkvidreobis gadacemis saSualeba, saSemsruleblo xelovneba, sazogadoebrivi praqtika,
ritualebi, dResaswaulebi, tradiciuli TamaSobebi, kulinaria, adgilobrivi codna da
praqtika, romelic bunebasa da samyaros ukavSirdeba da bolos tradiciuli xelosnoba,
romlis sicocxlisunarianobac zepirsityvier tradiciebze, codnasa da unarebzea
damokidebuli.
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba ar Semoifargleba mxolod erTeuli
gamoxatulebebiT, radgan is, ZiriTadad, mravali dargis momcvelia, Sesabamisad, iuneskos
midgomac kompleqsuria, iTvaliswinebs ra aRniSnuli sferos mravalmxrivobas.
tradiciuli rewva aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dargebs Soris yvelaze
materialuria, radgan misi produqti materialuria. Tumca, imdenad, ramdenadac rewva da
xelosnoba dakavSirebulia codnasTan da unarebTan, romelic zepirsityvieri tradiciiT
Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda, konvencia swored aramaterialur unarebsa da codnas
Seexeba da ara romelime konkretul nimuSs. Sesabamisad, konvenciis mizania ara
konkretuli nimuSis dacva, aramed tradiciis SenarCuneba da Taobidan Taobaze gadacemis
uzrunvelyofa.
iseve rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis sxva dargebs, globalizaciam
didi safrTxe Seuqmna adgilobrivi xelosnobis tradiciebsac. xeliT Seqmnili rewvis
nawarmi xSirad ver uwevs konkurencias qarxnulad warmoebul masobriv iaffasian
produqcias, rac, Tavis mxriv, zogierTi tradiciis dakargvis saSiSroebas qmnis. msoflios
sxvadasxva regionSi mravali ostati cdilobs gaumklavdes aRniSnul sirTules.
kidev erTi sirTule, romlis winaSec globalurad dgas tradiciuli xelosnoba, aris
garemos dacvis sakiTxebi, ramac zogierTi bunebrivi resursisa da nedli masalis
SezRudva gamoiwvia.
imdenad ramdenadac konvencia icavs unarebsa da codnas, misi dacvis mTavari meqanizmi,
swored ganaTlebis, swavlebis komponentis, tradiciis Taobidan Taobaze gadacemis
aucilebloba da misi uzrunvelyofaa.
Tumca axalgazrdebis waxalisebisTvis mxolod unarebis aTviseba ar aris sakmarisi,
Sesamabisad, iunesko xazs usvams rewvis produqciis ekonomikur Rirebulebas da misi
bazris xelSewyobis aucileblobas.xelnakeT produqciaze moTxovnis zrdasTan erTad
Cndeba niSa ama Tu im xalxis tradiciis matarebeli nivTebis marketingisTvis, rac, Tavis
mxriv,aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis sicocxlisunarianobis saukeTeso
garantiaa.
tradiciuli xelosnobis xelSewyobis da dacvis kidev erT meqanizmad moiazreba saavtoro
uflebebis dacva, rac am uflebis mflobel Temebs upiratesobas aniWebs da maTi
produqciis dacvis winapirobas qmnis.
saqarTvelo “aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis konvencias” 2007 wels
miuerTda, riTac saxelmwifom aRiara aramaterialuri memkvidreobis dacvis aucilebloba
da ikisra konvenciiT gavTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebi, rac gulisxmobs: aramaterialuri
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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kulturuli memkvidreobis sicocxlisunarianobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT mis
identifikacias, dokumentirebas, kvlevas, Senaxvas, dacvas, aRorZinebas, popularizacias,
formaluri da araformaluri ganaTlebis meSveobiT axalgazrda TaobisaTvis mis
gadacemas, aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis sxvadasxva aspeqtis aRorZinebas.
2012 wlis 24 ianvars saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis ministris #3/28 brZanebiT
damtkicda aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtis saaRricxvo baraTi da misi
Sevsebis wesi.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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4. Catarebuli kvlevis aRwera da meTodologia
winamdebare kvleva warmoadgens saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris
kompleqsuri Seswavlis pirvel mcdelobas, rac, TavisTavad arTulebda amocanas,
imdenad, ramdenadac ar arsebobda saqarTvelos rewvis seqtoris specifikis Sesabamisi
aprobirebuli meTodologia da instrumentebi.
kvlevis miznebis, Sinaarsis da meTodologiis SemuSavebisas xelovnebis saerTaSoriso
centris gundi organizaciis 16 wlian gamocdilebasTan erTad daeyrdno sxvadasxva
qveynebSi ganxorcielebul kvlevebs, adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso eqspertebis,
mowveuli mkvlevarebis (sociologi, ekonomisti, iuristi) Sexedulebebs.amave dros
gaTvaliswinebul iqna artgenis mier 2010-2012 wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi: 1. xalxuri
Semoqmedebis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi; 2. rewvis da eTnokulturuli turizmis bazris
ganviTarebis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi.
proeqtis sawyis etapzeve iqna dadgenili kvlevis dizaini, romlis ZiriTad komponentebs
warmoadgenda dargis istoriuli mniSvnelobis analizi, arsebuli iuridiuli bazis,
sociologiuri aspeqtebis da ekonomikuri maCveneblebis kvleva; arsebuli produqciis
xarisxis, teqnologiuri jgufebis, bazris Sefaseba; problemebis identificireba da
tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.
Seiqmna samuSao jgufi, romelic Sedgeboda xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centris
TanamSromlebisgan:
• mariam dvaliSvili –xelovnebaTmcodne
• ana SanSianSvili – xelovnebaTmcodne
• irina mania – xelovnebaTmcodne
• Tamar kiknaZe – ekonom-geografi
• malxaz gelaSvili, geologi
da mowveuli mkvlevarebisgan:
• giorgi yifiani – iuristi
• irakli kaxiZe – sociologi
• nino evgeniZe - ekonomisti
kvleva ramdenime etapad ganxorcielda:
I - mosamzadebeli etapi
- seqtoris identificireba
vinaidan tradiciuli rewva rogorc zogadad msoflioSi, ise saqarTveloSi, ar
warmoadgens mkacrad gansazRvrul seqtors, kvlevis dawyebis pirvelive etapze
ganxorcielda arsebuli ganmartebebis da midgomebis analizi da kvlevis sagnis da
Sesabamisi definiciebis gansazRvra.
eqspertebis jgufTan erTad moxda terminis _ "tradiciuli rewva" _ ganmartebis
SemuSaveba, saqarTvelosTvis tradiciuli teqnologiuri dargebisa da qvedargebis
klasifikacia, romelic safuZvlad daedo kvlevis mimdinareobas.
• tradiciuli rewvis seqtorze/moqmed ostatebsa da organizaciebze pirveladi
informaciis Segroveba
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc bevr sxva qveyanaSi, statistikur aRricxvaSi ar xdeba
tradiciuli rewvis calke seqtorad gamoyofa, Sesabamisad, kvlevis dawyebamde
SeuZlebeli iyo winaswari statistikuri masalis moZieba.
seqtoris pirveladi monaxazis Seqmnis mizniT moxda xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centris
bazis Sejereba sxva arsebul sainformacio bazebTan. kerZod, moZiebul iqna kulturis
saministros, turizmis erovnuli saagentos, Tbilisis meriis, festivalis artgenis,
municipalitetebis kulturis ganyofilebebis xelT arsebuli monacemebi tradiciuli
rewvis ostatebisa da sawarmoebis Sesaxeb. kombinirebuli bazis safuZvelze
ganxorcielda seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa raodenobis da misi geografiuli ganawilebis
winaswari Sefaseba da savele samuSaoebis dagegmva.
• arastruqturirebuli da struqturirebuli kiTxvarebis SemuSaveba
SemuSavda 6 sxvadasxva tipis arastruqturirebuli da struqturirebuli kiTxvari,
romelTa samizne jgufs warmoadgendnen:
• tradiciuli rewvis seqtorSi dasaqmebuli ostatebi, romlebic ewevian
warmoebuli produqciis realizacias;
• sawarmoebi, romlebic awarmoeben tradiciuli rewvis nawarms Semdgomi
realizaciis mizniT;
• tradiciuli rewvis nawarmis sarealizacio obieqtebis pasuxismgebeli pirebi;
• ucxoeli turistebi, romlebmac SeiZines tradiciuli rewvis produqcia;
• qarTveli momxmareblebi, romlebmac SeiZines tradiculi rewvis produqcia;
• adgilobrivi eqspertebi, romelTac gaaCniaT dargSi arsebuli mdgomareobis da
samomavlo perspeqtivebis analizisTvis saTanado kompetencia
II etapi – monacemebis Segroveba, savele samuSaoebi
a. raodenobrivi kvleva
savele samuSaos mizani iyo erTis mxriv tradiciuli rewvis seqtorSi moRvawe
organizaciebis, individebis da sarealizacio obieqtebis monacemTa bazis Seqmna, xolo
meores mxriv, maTi ekonomikuri maCveneblebis da aqtualuri problemebis gamokveTa; es
kvlevis yvelaze masStaburi, Sromatevadi da rTuli nawili iyo.
gamomdinare iqidan, rom raodenobrivi kvleva seqtoris ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis
gansazRvras isaxavda miznad, respodentebis SerCevis erT-erTiaucilebeli kriteriumi
iyo maTi biznes aqtivoba. Tumca tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris monacemTa bazisTvis
srulyofilad warmoCenis mizniT, savele samuSaoebis warmoebisas jgufi aseve aRwerda
im ostatebs, romlebicfloben codnas, magram amJamad ar ewevian namuSevrebis
realizacias, an mxolod sakuTari moxmarebisTvis awarmoeben produqcias.
tradiciuli rewvis produqciis mwarmoebeli: winamdebare gamokiTxvamde aRniSnuli
seqtoris kvlevis praqtikis simwiris gamo, garTulda respondentTa SerCevis CarCos
gansazRvra; Sesabamisad gadawyda SeZlebisdagvarad aRweriliyo tradiciuli rewvis
seqtorSi moRvawe yvela xelmisawvdomi ostati da sawarmo, romelic Semdgomi
realizaciis mizniT awarmoebda produqcias.
sakontaqto informaciis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi savele samuSaoebs win uZRoda
respondetebTan winaswari satelefono komunikacia, romelic miznad isaxavda
potenciuri respondentis validurobis dadgenas, rasac ori ZiriTadi kriteriumi
gansazRvravda:
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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• produqciis tradiciasTan kavSiri (tradiciuli teqnika da dizaini, an romelime
maTgani)
• produqciis realizacia
ZiriTadi savele samuSaoebi Catarda 2012 wlis ivnisidan 2013 wlis martis CaTvliT.
raodenobrivi maCveneblebi Segrovda 40 municipalitetsa da 3 TviTmmarTvel qalaqSi;
Tvisobrivi Taviseburebebis analizi gagrZelda 2013 zafxulSi, romelmac kidev 6
municipaliteti da 1 TviTmmarTveli qalaqi dafara.
sul moxda dakavSireba 537 erTeulTan, aqedan gamokiTxuli iqna 37 sawarmo da 434
individualuri ostati, romelTaganac raodenobrivi kvlevisTvis validuri iyo 31
sawarmo da 373 ostati.
tradiciuli rewvis mewarmeTa identificireba da teqnologiuri jgufis gansazRvra
dargis specifikis kompetencias moiTxovda, ris gamoc sakmaod SezRuduli iyo
interviuerebis raodenobac. savele samuSaoebi ganaxorcieles xelovnebis
saerTaSoriso centris TanamSromlebma, romlebic monawileobdnen meTodologiis
SerCevaSi, ramdenime welia muSaoben centrSi mimdinare tradiciuli rewvis
ganviTarebis programaSi da gaiares specialuri treningi kiTxvarebis Sevsebasa da
siRrmiseuli interviuebis warmoebaSi.
intervius Tan axlda monacemTa bazisTvis rewvis ostatebis, organizaciebis da
sarealizacio obieqtebis Sesaxeb sakontaqto informaciis Sevseba-dazusteba da maTi
namuSevrebis/maRaziebis fotografireba, rac, Tavis mxriv, savele samuSaoebis dros
warmoebul dakvirvebebsa da miRebul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT dargis xarisxobrivi
da Tvisobrivi Taviseburebebis analizis saSualebas iZleva.
savaWro obieqtebi: tradiciuli rewvis produqciis da misi ekonomikuri potencialis
Sesafaseblad kvlevam moicva tradiciuli rewvis sarealizacio obieqtebi, romelTa
mflobelebmac Tanxmoba ganacxades kvlevaSi monawileobaze. sul gamoikiTxa 32
sxvadasxva tipis savaWro obieqti.
momxmarebeli: RirebulebaTa jaWvis srulyofilad gamovlenis mizniT kvlevaSi
CarTuli iqna momxmareblis poziciac, romelic moicavda:
• ucxoel turistebs
• Sida momxmareblebs
momxmareblis damokidebulebis kvlevisTvis respondentebi SeirCa SemTxveviTi SerCevis
gziT. gamokiTxul iqna 100 Sida momxmarebeli da 90 ucxoeli turisti.
b. Tvisebrivi kvleva (siRrmiseuli interviu)
siRrmiseuli intervius kvlevis instruments warmoadgenda arastruqturirebuli
kiTxvari, xolo respodentebs dargis kompetenturi eqspertebi. aRniSnuli meTodis
gamoyeneba emsaxureboda erTis mxriv sakiTxis siRrmiseul Seswavlas da meores mxriv
kvlevis instrumentis srulyofas. interviu Catarda tradiciuli rewvis sferos 10
adgilobriv eqspertTan.
III etapi
- monacemebis damuSaveba18
monacemebis damuSaveba moxda SPSS20.0 formatSi. miRebuli monacemebis statistikuri
analizi ganxorcielda Semdeg etapebad:
18 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 2. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris kvlevis sociologiuri angariSi. kaxiZe i. 2013. gv. 5
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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• Ria kiTxvebis kodireba;
• monacemTa failis momzadeba;
• monacemTa Seyvana;
• monacemTa bazis gawmenda;
• monacemTa bazis damuSaveba da statistikuri analizi;
• seqtoris arsebuli maregulirebeli iuridiuli CarCos kvleva19
Catarda tradiciul rewvasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso konvenciebisa da
saqarTveloSi moqmedi sakanonmdeblo bazis kvleva. kerZod gaanalizda saqarTvelos
kanoni "kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb", “saqarTvelos kanoni muzeumebis Sesaxeb”,
kulturuli faseulobebis saqarTvelodan gatanis nebarTvasTan, sagadasaxado
kodeqsTan, bunebrivi resursebis moxmarebasTan da sxva dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
• ekonomikuri monacemebis analizi, gaTvlebi da perspeqtivebi20
ekonomikuri kvleva moicavda saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis ekonomikuri
maCveneblebis analizs, dargis warsuli da amJamindeli rolis gansazRvras qveynis
ekonomikaSi.
• monacemTa analizi da rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba
kvlevis Sedegad miRebulma statistikurma informaciam, iseve rogorc savele
samuSaoebis dros warmoebulma dakvirvebebma da miRebulma gamocdilebam, tradiciuli
rewvis seqtoris xarisxobrivi da Tvisobrivi Taviseburebebis analizis saSualeba
Seqmna.
kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenili problemebis analizze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli iqna
rekomendaciebi rogorc Sesabamisi samTavrobo struqturebis, ise am seqtorSi moRvawe
arasamTavrobo seqtoris mimarT. rekomendaciebi moicavs iuridiul, ekonomikur,
socialur, infrastruqturul, saganmanaTleblo, garemosdacviT da sxva mimarTulebebs.
19 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 20 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 3. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ekonmikuri kvlevis angariSi. ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centri 2013
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
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5. kvlevis sagani da tradiciuli rewvis gansazRvreba
kvlevis miznidan gamomdinare, upirveles amocanas warmoadgenda “tradiciuli rewvis”
seqtoris da misi qvedargebis gansazRvra da identificireba.
tradiciuli rewva rogorc zogadad msoflioSi, ise saqarTveloSi rTulad
identificirebadi sferoa imdenad, ramdenadac misi warmoeba araformalur doneze
mimdinareobs da masSi tradiciul xelosnobasTan erTad, SeiZleba moiazrebodes sxva
momijnave dargebic. saerTaSoriso doneze tradiciuli rewvis identificirebas da
saerTaSoriso gansazRvrebis SemuSavebas aseve arTulebs is garemoebac, rom yovel
qveyanas axasiaTebs misTvis specifikuri dargis Tu kategoriis ganviTareba.
"tradiciuli rewva" saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi ar aris regulirebuli,
Sesabamisad is gancalkevebul regulirebis sivrces ar waarmoadgens. misi zusti
definicia, misi maxasiaTebeli niSnebi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ar moipoveba, rac
TavisTavad sagrZnoblad arTulebs kvlevis arealis gansazRvras. miuxedavad imisa rom
"kulturis Sesaxeb" saqarTvelos kanonSi gvxvdeba "xalxuri rewva da xeloba", rogorc
"kulturis sferos" Semadgeneli nawili, TviT xalxuri rewva ganmartebuli ar aris,
aseve ar aris dafiqsirebuli misi niSnebi Tu sxva maxasiaTeblebi21 22.
gamomdinare iqidan, rom zemoTxsenebuli Canaweris garda saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo
sivrceSi „tradiciuli rewva“, rogorc xalxuri rewvis sfero dafiqsirebuli ar aris,
da vinaidan "tradiciuli rewva" faqtobrivad deregulirebulia, kvlevis dros
gamoikveTa im sferoebis analizis aucileblobac, romlebic am dargTan yvelaze
mWidro kavSirSia. "tradiciul rewvasTan" Tvisobrivad yvelaze axlos myofi
samarTlebrivi sistema "kulturuli memkvidreobaa" - sivrce, romlis farglebi, niSnebi,
statusi da sxva samarTlebrivi detalebi dadgenilia saqarTvelos kanoniT
"kulturuli memkvidreobis" Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebiT ki misi Semadgeneli
"aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba". raTqmaunda "tradiciuli rewvis" sfero ar
Semoifargleba mxolod kulturuli memkvidreobiT da is saqmianobis ufro farTo
speqtrs aerTianebs.
amasTanave detaluri informacia, regulirebis principebi, rogorc tradiciuli rewvis,
aseve aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb, metwilad saerTaSoriso
aqtebSi da dokumentebSia mocemuli23.
yuradsaRebia, rom am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi sxvadasxva qveyanas, Tu organizacias
sxvadasxva definiciebi aqvs SemuSavebuli, magaliTad did britaneTSi iseT
organizaciebs, rogoricaa rewvis sabWo, xelovnebis sabWo, erovnuli memkvidreobis
treiningis jgufi da sxva, sakuTari definiciebiT sargebloben, rac maT samizne
jgufebis zust gansazRvraSi exmareba. 24
21 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. 2013 gv 4. 22 saqarTvelos kanoni kulturi Sesaxeb. muxli 5. https://matsne.gov.ge/index.php?option=com_ldmssearch&view=docView&id=31402&lang=ge 23 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. 2013 gv 4. 24Crafts Occupation stabdars Board (COSB), Crafts Council, Arts Council, National Heritage Training Group sakutari definiciebi aqvT SemuSavebuli.(Towards a Definition of Heritage Craft Prepared for Creative & Cultur al Skills by Hilary Jennings p.16
http://blueprintfiles.s3.amazonaws.com/1344600067-Towards-a-Definition-of-Heritage-Craft-final-draft.pdf)
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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iuneskos ganmartebiT25 tradiciulad moiazreba produqcia, romelic:
• Seqmnilia rewvis ostatis mier xeliT an meqanikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT;
• warmoebulia raodenobaSi SeuzRudavad
• mdgradi resursebis gamoyenebiT
• gamorCeulia esTetiuri, mxatvruli, religiuri da simboluri niSniT
saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli seqtori ZiriTadad moixsenieba, rogorc "xalxuri rewva",
romelic moicavs rewvis tradiciuli dargebis erTobliobas, Tumca maTi
identificirebis umTavres kriteriums maTi “xalxuri” sawyisebi warmoadgens. es, Tavis
mxriv, zRudavs aRniSnuli sferos farglebs da is mxolod “xalxuri” warmoSobis
xelosnobamde dahyavs.
“xalxuri” sawyisebis garda rewvis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens kulturuli
memkvidreobis materialuri Zeglebi da samuzeumo koleqciebi, maTi formebi da
ornamentuli motivebi. amdenad, winamdebare kvlevisTvis seqtoris aRmniSvnel terminad
SerCeul iqna “tradiciuli rewva”, romelic, “xalxurisgan” gansxvavebiT, zemoxsenebuli
memkvidreobiT inspirirebul mimarTulebebsac moicavs.
aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom “rewvis” sferoSi ZiriTadad moiazreba tradiciuli
teqnologiebi, romlebic Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda, Tumca teqnologiur
winsvlasTan erTad rewvac viTardeba, rac teqnologiuri siaxleebis Semotanas da
procesis cvlilebas iwvevs.
TavisTavad gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom rewva “cocxali” dargia, romelic
mudmivad viTardeba, amdenad aRniSnuli seqtoris kvlevaSi misi es Tavisebureba
aucileblad unda iyos asaxuli. did britaneTSi Catarebuli kvlevis angariSSi
“memkvidreoba Cvens xelTaa” aRniSnulia, rom umniSvnelovanesia tradiciuli rewvis
ganviTarebis aRiareba da “memkvidreobasa” da “Zvels” Soris principuli gansxvavebis
danaxva. 26
amavdroulad, tradiciuli teqnologiebis garda, am dargis umniSvnelovanes monapovars
warmoadgens saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebuli formebi, ferTa Sexameba,
ornamentuli motivebis mTeli arsenali da maTTan dakavSirebuli funqciuri,
mxatvruli Tu simboluri aspeqtebi, rac seqtoris identificirebaSi maT CarTvas
moiTxovs.
tradiciuli rewva
tradiciul rewvaSi moiazreba SemoqmedebiTi an minabaZis Seqmnis procesi, romlis Sedegadac mxolod xeliT an nawilobriv meqanikuri saSualebebiT iqmneba produqcia,
romelic efuZneba rogorc materialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis motivebs, ise
aramaterialur kulturul memkvidreobas da xalxuri rewvis tradiciebs.
tradiciuli rewvis nawarmi
tradiciuli rewvis nawarmSi moiazreba tradiciuli teqnikiT da/an dizainiT
Sesrulebuli produqcia, rac gulisxmobs tradiciul formebs, ornamentul motivebs, romelTa SeqmnaSi xeliT Sromas mniSvnelovani roli ukavia.
25 http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=35418&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html 26 Towards a Definition of Heritage Craft Prepared for Creative & Cultur al Skills by Hilary Jennings p.15 http://blueprintfiles.s3.amazonaws.com/1344600067-Towards-a-Definition-of-Heritage-Craft-final-draft.pdf)
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yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare winamdebare kvlevisTvis Sesaferis terminad
ganisazRvra “tradiciuli rewva”, romlis mTavar kriteriumad tradiciuli
teqnologiis, tradiciuli dizainis (formebi, ferTa Sexameba, ornamentuli motivebi da
a.S.) an erTerTi maTganis aucilebeli arseboba da xelnakeToba (an nawilobriv
xelnakeToba) dadginda.
Sesabamisad, SemuSavebuli definiciis mixedviT tradiciuli rewvis sferodan
gamoiricxa aratradiciuli teqnologiiT Seqmnili Tanamedrove dizainis xelnakeTi
nivTebi da aseve tradiciuli dizainis, magram mxolod meqanikuri saSualebebiT
Seqmnili produqcia (masobrivi warmoebis suvenirebi da sxva). (SeniSvna: amgvari
produqciis gaerTianeba SesaZlebelia “xalxuri rewvis” calke qve-ganxrad,
gansxvavebuli niSnebiT, teqnologiebiTa da maxasiaTeblebiT; aRniSnuli ganxra
winamdebare kvlevis sagans ar warmoadgens)
tradiciuli rewvis gansazRvrebis SemuSavebis Semdgomi safexuri iyo saqarTvelos
teritoriaze gavrcelebuli dargebis/qvedargebis da funqciuri kategoriebis
identificireba. aRsaniSnavia, rom xSirad, teqnologiuri da funqciuri jgufebi erT
kategoriaSia moqceuli. (mag. keramika, yanwi), magram, gamomdinare iqidan, rom erTi
funqciuri kategoriis nawarmi SesaZloa sxvadasxva teqnologiiT iyos Sesrulebuli,
gamoikveTa am ori jgufis – teqnologiuri da funqciuri, gamijvnis aucilebloba, rac
Tavis mxriv, monacemTa meti sizustis winapirobaa. amgvari dayofa safuZvlad daedo
tradiciuli rewvis mwarmoebelTa kiTxvarebs.
cxrili 1 saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli
tradiciuli rewvis teqnologiri jgufebi da qvejgufebi
1. ტექსტილი
1.1 ქსოვა (ჩხირი, ყაისნაღი ა.შ)
1.2 დაზგაზე ქსოვა (ხალიჩა, გობელენი, ფარდაგი)
1.3 თელვა (თექა)
1.4 მოჩითული ქსოვილი
1.5 ნაქარგობა
1.6 კერვა
2. კერამიკა 2.1 ჩარხზე ამოყვანილი
2.2 ჩამოსხმული
2.3 წნეხვა
3. მინა 3.1 მინა
4. მინანქარი 4.1 ჭედური (ღრმული) 4.2 ტიხრული 4.3 ფერწერული 5. ხის დამუშავება
5.1 ხის დამუშავება 6. ტყავის დამუშავება 6.1 ტყავის დამუშავება 7. ქაღალდის დამუშავება 7.1 ქაღალდის დამუშავება 8. ლითონის დამუშავება 8.1 ჭედურობა 8.2 ჩამოსხმა 8.3 საიუველირო საქმე 9. ქვის/ძვლის დამუშავება 9.1 კვეთა 9.2 მოხატული 9.3 გლიპტიკა 10 შერეული 11 სხვა
22
cxrili 2. saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli
tradiciuli rewvis funqciuri jgufebi da qvejgufebi
ავეჯი
რელიგიური დანიშნულების ნაკეთობები
აქსესუარები
დეკორატიული კომპოზიციები
თოჯინა/სათამაშო
იარაღი
ინტერიერის აქსესუარები
კალათა/გოდორი
მუსიკალური საკრავები
სამკაულები
სამოსი
სუვენირები
ჭურჭელი
ხალიჩა/ფარდაგი
სხვა
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6. qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis mokle istoriuli mimoxilva
evropisa da aziis gzajvaredinze mdebare saqarTvelo uZvelesi droidan gamoirCeoda
tradiciuli rewvis dargebis mravalferovnebiT. saqarTvelos yvela kuTxesa Tu
regions Tavisi istoria, kultura da TviTmyofadi saxe gaaCnia. swored es ganapirobebs
qveynis kulturul mravalferovnebas da mis xibls. tradiciuli rewva da xelsaqme
saqarTvelos regionebis mravalferovnebis ganuyofeli nawilia da am TvalsazrisiT,
yvela kuTxes misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebi gaaCnia. saqarTveloSi yvelaze
gavrcelebul dargebs miekuTvneba liTonis damuSaveba, minanqari, keramika, xeze da
qvaze kveTa, teqstili, romelic moicavs qargvas, qsovas, maT Soris xaliCebisa da
fardagebis qsovas, Telvas, moCiTvas da sxva.
6.1. liTonis damuSaveba
regionSi arsebuli mdidari bunebrivi resursebis wyalobiT saqarTveloSi
metalurgiuli tradicia jer kidev adreuli brinjaos xanidan ganviTarda, kerZod Zv.w.
IV-III aTaswleulSi, rodesac samxreT kavkasiaSi mtkvar-araqsis kultura iyo
gavrcelebuli (Zv w. 3500-2400). ukve am periodis arqeologiuri masala mowmobs liTonis
damuSavebis maRal ostatobas, rac kidev ufro viTardeba Sua brinjaos xanaSi, e.w.
yorRanul kulturaSi. amis dasturia samxreT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
teritoriaze martyofisa da bedenis aRmoCenebi, sadac vxvdebiT rogorc iaraRebs, ise
samkauls: beWdebs, yelsabamebs, qinZisTavebs, romlebic umaRlesi ostatobiTaa
Sesrulebuli.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania ior-alaznis mimdebare teritoriebis aRmoCenebi, maT Soris ki
gamorCeulia Zv. w. XXIII_XXII saukuneebis lomis miniaturuli qandakeba, romelic
cvilis dakargvis teqnikiTa da cvaras imitaciiTaa Sesrulebuli. mas MmsoflioSi
analogi ar moepoveba.
liTonis mxatvruli damuSaveba gansakuTrebul simaRleebs ganviTarebul (Zv. w. XX-XVI)
saukuneebSi yorRanul kulturaSi, e.w. TrialeTis kulturaSi aRwevs. Zvirfasi qvebiT
inkrustirebis e.w. poliqromiuli stili, romelic am periodSi dominirebs, naTlad
aisaxa iseT nimuSebze, rogoricaa TrialeTis cnobili yelsabami aqatis gulsakidiT da
TrialeTis oqros Tasi. calke aRniSvnis Rirsia TrialeTis vercxlis Tasi, romelzec
erT-erT pirvel siuJetur kompozicias vxvdebiT.
Zv. w. XIV–VII saukuneSi, romelic gvianbrinjao-adre rkinis xanis saxeliTaa cnobili
dRevandeli dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze yalibdeba kolxeTis samefo, romelic
e.w. kolxuri culebis warmoebiT gamoirCeva. kolxuri culi, romelic gravirebuli
zoomorfuli ornamentiTaa dafaruli safuZvels uyris adgilobriv kavkasiur
“cxovelur stils”, tradicias, romelic SemdgomSi gavrcelebul brinjaos gravirebul
sartylebsa da brinjaos Camosxmul balTebSi hpovebs Tavisebur gagrZelebas.
ganviTarebuli metalurgiuli tradiciebis gamo Zvelma berZnebma erT-erTi qarTveluri
tomi – xalibebi metalurgiis damfuZneblebad miiCnies.
Zv. w. VI-III saukuneebSi mniSvnelovan winsvlas ganicdis kolxuri oqromqandakebloba,
rac Taviseburad aisaxa argonavtebis miTSi oqromravali kolxeTis Sesaxeb.cxvris
tyaviT mdinareSi oqros mopovebis Zvelkolxuri tradicia, dResac SemorCenilia mTian
svaneTSi.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
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kolxuri oqromWedlobis simaRleebze miuTiTebs vanisa da sairxis umdidresi
aRmoCenebi, sadac gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia cvaras teqnika, romelic miniaturuli
zomis oqros burTulebis mirCilvas gulisxmobs. yelsabamebi, diademebi, sasafeTqleebi,
Tavsamkauli, sayureebi dResac aocebs mnaxvels Tavisi daxvewili formiTa da
Sesrulebis ostatobiT.
vanis paralelurad oqromWedlobis centri viTardeba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Zv. w.
IV saukuneSi. axalgoris ganZi da misi cnobili cxenebiani sasafeTqleebi, romelic am
nimuSebs Soris erT-erTi saukeTesoa.
paralelurad, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanesi centri iyo mcxeTa, sadac
Tavis iyris rogorc aRmosavluri, ise antikuri gavlenebi. am periodis mcxeTis
oqromWedlobisTvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia Zvirfasi qvebiT inkrustacia e.w.
tixruli inkrustacia, rasac emateba cvaras da grexilis gamoyenebac. gansakuTrebiT
unda aRiniSnos antikuri samyaros gavleniT gavrcelebuli gliptika: kameisa da
intalios teqnikis popularoba.
Zveli mcxeTis poliqromiuli samkauli, gansakuTrebiT ki tixruli inkrustacia
SemdgomSi Tavisebur gagrZelebas hpovebs Sua saukuneebis xelovnebaSi, romelic Tavis
mxriv, liTonmqandakeblobis nimuSebis saocari simdidriT gamoirCeva.
qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebam garkveulwilad Secvala
liTomqandakeblobis gezi, romelic farTod gamoiyeneboda Weduri xatebis, jvrebis da
sxva religiuri daniSnulebis nivTebis Sesaqmnelad.
erT-erTi uZvelesi nimuSi 886 wliT daTariRebuli zarzmis fericvalebis xatia,
romelic kargad asaxavs qristianuli saxismetyvelebis saxasiaTo sibrtyobriv-
dekoratiuli stils. X saukunis bolodan es stili icvleba SedarebiT moculobiTi da
plastikuri WedurobiT, romelic Tavis mwvervals XI saukuneSi aRwevs. martvilis
jvari, saRolaSenis da Semoqmedis lorfinebi, wm. mamais tondo da mestiis
sakurTxevliswina jvari qarTuli Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis Sedevrebs miekuTvneba.
Tavis mxriv, mestiis jvari svaneTis Weduri skolis nimuSia, romelic gansakuTrebiT
gamoirCeva Tavisi mdidari tradiciebiT, Zlieri plastikuri xaziTa da uSualo, xSirad
xalxuri gamomsaxvelobiT.Sua saukuneebis Weduri xatebi, jvrebi da sxva saeklesio
nivTebi dResac amSvenebs svaneTis araerTY eklesias.
XII saukunidan qarTul oqromWedlobaSi gansakuTrebiT matulobs dekoratiuli sawyisi,
risi saukeTeso magaliTic minanqris muzeumad wodebuli xaxulis karedia, romlis
fonic vazis stilizebuli ornamentiTaa dafaruli. XII saukunis bolos gansakuTrebiT
izrdeba ornamentis roli da is Tavisi mniSvnelobiT figurul gamosaxulebebs
utoldeba. am mxatvruli tendenciis saukeTeso nimuSebs Tamar mefis epoqis cnobili
qarTveli oqromWedlebis beqa da beSqen opizrebis SemoqmedebaSi vxvdebiT.
Tamaris epoqis Semdeg, mudmivi Semosevebis Sedegad qarTuli liTonmqandakeblobis
ganviTareba Seferxda. wina saukuneebis maRalmxatvrul nimuSebTan SedarebiT
sagrZnoblad daeca Sesrulebis xarisxi, Tumca XV-XVIII saukuneebSi qveynis
teritoriaze kvlav arsebobs mniSvnelovani centrebi, dasavleT saqarTveloSi – levan
dadianis saxelosno, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi e.w. “kaxeTis” skola, romelic
oqroze kveTis Taviseburi teqnikiT gamoirCeva. XIX saukunis oqromWedlebs Soris
gamoirCeva pepu meunargias Semoqmedeba.
qarTuli liTonmqandakeblobis saeklesio mimarTulebis paralelurad, mdidari
metalurgiuli tradiciebi arsebobda xalxur xelovnebaSi. mWedlobis cnobili centri
iyo raWa, romelic jer kidev brinjaos xanidan gamoirCeva Tavisi metalurgiuli
tradiciebiT.
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qarTvelebi odiTganve cnobili meiaraReebi iyvnen. XVIII-XIX saukuneSi saqarTveloSi,
kerZod TbilisSi, gansakuTrebiT popularuli xdeba e.w bawaraulis teqnikiT
Sesrulebuli civi iaraRi, romelic did mowonebas imsaxurebda mTel kavkasiaSi,
ruseTsa da evropaSi. am periodSive farTo gavrceleba hpova sevadisa da zarniSis
mxatvrulma teqnikam, romelic iaraRis, samkaulis da WurWlis mosarTavad
gamoiyeneboda.
gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis dasawyisis
“Zvel Tbilisuri” vercxlis nawarmi, romelic im periodis Tbilisur hamqrebSi
iqmneboda. vercxlis WurWlis, azarfeSebis, Tasebis, yaryarebis morTulobaSi
xSirad vxvdebiT im periodis kavkasiaSi gavrcelebul stils, sadac mcenareul
ornamentSi figuraluri, xSirad ZvelTbilisuri tipaJebis gamosaxulebebia
CarTuli.
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli Weduri xelovnebis xangrZlivma tradiciam Taviseburi
gagrZeleba hpova sabWoTa periodSi, rodesac Weduri nimuSebis Tematika saeklesios
nacvlad erovnul motivebze Sesrulebuli saero motivebiT Seicvala.
6.2. keramika
saqarTveloSi keramikis warmoeba uZvelesi droidan iwyeba. qarTul keramikas
gansakuTrebiT gamoarCevs Rvinis WurWlis mravalferovneba, rac, Tavis mxriv, mWidro
kavSirSia meRvineobis uZveles tradiciebTan. qvevri, kula, xelada, azarfeSa, doqi,
fiala, sura, marani _ ziarWurWlis nairsaxeoba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, zoomorfuli da
antropomorfuli formebis uCveulo simdidriT xasiaTdeba, WinWila, xelada da
mravali sxva amis naTeli dadasturebaa.
Tixis nakeTobis pirveli nimuSebi jer kidev neoliTis xanis anu Zveli welTaRricxvis
VIII aTaswleuls miekuTvneba. isini ZiriTadad xelnakeTia da susti gamowviTa da
gakrialebiT, vardisferi an ruxi feriT, martivi formebiT, Wdeuli geometriuli
ornamentiTa da naZerwi kopebiT xasiaTdeba. neoliTis xanis msgavsadBmomdevno xanis,
anu eneoliTis keramika (VI-V aTaswleuli) kvlav xelnakeTia, Tumca Cndeba jamebi da
doqebi, yurebiani WurWeli, gvxvdeba reliefuri daklaknili zolebiT gaformebuli,
moxdenili, kargad gakrialebuli nakeTobani.
keramikis warmoeba gansakuTrebiT maRal doneze adis adre brinjaos xanaSi (III
aTaswleuli), rodesac mTel samxreT kavkasiaSi “mtkvar-araqsis” kultura yalibdeba. am
dros Cndeba axali tipis-Sebolili keramika: Carxis gareSe damzadebuli Savi da ruxi
feris nawarmi, romelSic imata formaTa mravalferovnebam. spiralebis, Citebis
gamosaxulebebiT da sxva siuJeturi kompoziciebiT gamdidrda reliefurad naZerwi
dekori.
Sua brinjaos xanis keramika (III aTaswleulis dasasruli II aTaswleulis I naxevari),
romelic did yorRanul samarxebSia mopovebuli, gvaocebs Tavisi maRalmxatvrulobiT
da Sesrulebis daxvewili teqnikiT. didi zomis WurWeli: piTosebi, hidriebi Semkulia
reliefuri dekoriT. calke jgufs qmnis moxatuli keramika, romelzec naxati Tixaze
yavisferiT an muqwiTel fonze Savi feriT keTdeba.
gvian brinjaos xanis keramika (Zv. w. a. XV-VII ss.) ukve morgvze keTdeba. xasiaTdeba Savi
an ruxi feriT da Semkulia geometriuli ornamentiT. istoriul kolxeTSi WurWels
ukeTdeba zoomorfuli yurebi, aRmosavleTSi anu iberiaSi ki damowmebulia formebisa
da zoomorfuli motivebis simravle. aqve II aTaswleulis dasasruls Cndeba moWiquli
keramikac.
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antikuri xanis keramika _ didi kolxuri piTosebi Semkulia horizontaluri zolebiT
da vertikaluri reliefuri xazebiT. Sebolil keramikaze gvxvdeba brinjaos
nakeTobebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zoomorfuli gamosaxulebebic. elinisturi periodis
keramika kolxeTSi igive xasiaTisaa, mravlad mzaddeba amforebi. Cndeba berZnuli
keramikuli nawarmis mibaZva. aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebelia wiTeli
saRebaviT gaformeba da Tixis feris SenarCuneba. aq gavrcelebuli formaa calyura
doqi, zogjer samtuCa piriT. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia moxatuli, didi zomis
piTosebi, sadac ornamentul zolebs Soris moTavsebulia siuJeturi kompoziciebi _
nadirobis, brZolis scenebiT.
Sua saukuneebis periodis keramika (IV-XVIII ss.) formaTa mravalferovnebiT da moWiquli
keramikis warmoebiT xasiaTdeba. aq xSirad vxvdebiT ornamentul motivebSi CarTul
zoomorful da antropomorful gamosaxulebebs.
Tu IX-X saukunis keramika xan amokawruli, xanac saRebaviT datanili mcenareuli
ornamentiT gaformebuli, mTlianad moWiquli dabali da Rrma jamebiTaa warmodgenili,
XI-XIII saukunis nawarmi formebis mravalferovnebiT (jamebi, xeladebi, sasmisebi,
Wraqebi, samarileebi) mwvane, cisferi an Ria Sindisferi, iSviaTad lurji WiquriT
xasiaTdeba, romelic WurWlis mxolod Sida nawils faravs, gare mxare ki mouWiqavi
rCeba. ornamentuli mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba jamebi, sadac vxvdebiT rogorc
amokawruli ornamentiT gaformebul erTi feris WiquriT dafarul jamebs, ise mravali
feriT moWiqul jamebs, romlebzec vxvdebiT jvrebis, geometriul da mcenareul,
zoomorful da antropomorful gamosaxulebebs.
Sua saukuneebSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze ZiriTad keramikul centrebs warmoadgenda
Tbilisi, dmanisi, rusTavi, iyalTo, kaspi, gudarexi. aRniSnul centrebSi warmoebuli
keramika amierkavkasiis da axloaRmosavlur nakeTobebTan iCens siaxloves.
saqarTveloSi monRolTa SemosevebiT gamowveuli wyvetis Semdeg mxolod XVIII
saukuneSi xdeba keramikuli warmoebis aRorZineba. am dros umetesad mzaddeba moxatuli
keramika. XIX saukuneSi da XX saukunis dasawyisSi farTod viTardeba xalxuri
keramika, rogorc mouWiqavi, ise moWiquli. am periodis saqarTveloSi aRiricxeboda
keramikuli warmoebis ormocdaaTamde centri, gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeoda bodbisxevi,
maCxaani, Telavi, vardisubani, ruispiri, ninowminda, kakabeTi, Tbilisi, mcxeTa, gori,
SroSa, dablagomi, sairme, walenjixa, nagomari.
gansakuTrebiT popularuli iyo goris moWiquli keramika, romelic Tavisi
mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda: aq mzaddeboda rogorc yviTelWiquriani mwvane
saRebaviT moxatuli keramika, ise moiasamnisfro Wiqurze mwvane ornamentuli saxeebiT
gaformebuli WurWeli.
mouWiqavi keramikis cnobili centrebi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iyo Telavi, dasavleT
saqarTveloSi ki – SroSa. TbilisSi muSaobda aTobiT keramikuli qarxana, romelic
WurWels uSvebda. am periodis nakeTobebs axasiaTebda maRalmxatvruli done, daxvewili
forma, dekoris simdidre da Sesrulebis maRali ostatoba.
XIX saukunis keramikuli tradiciebi XX saukunisis dasawyisis CaTvliT gagrZelda.1959
wlidan ki, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademiaSi keramika-minis kaTedrasTan
arsebuli saswavlo-eqsperimentuli saxelosnos daarsebasTan erTad ganviTareba daiwyo
Tanamedrove qarTulma profesiulma keramikis skolam.
XX saukunis manZilze keramikis warmoebis mniSvnelovani centrebi iyo SroSa, iyalTo,
aseve mcxeTa da zugdidi, sadac keramikuli da faifuris qarxnebi funqcionirebda da
araerTi keramikosi iyo dasaqmebuli.
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6.3. tixruli minanqari
tixruli minanqari Sua saukuneebis qarTuli xelovnebis udidesi monapovaria. minanqris
medalionebi, iqneboda es wmindanTa mcire zomis xatebi, jvrebi Tu ornamentuli
motivebi, ZiriTadad saeklesio nivTebis Sesamkobad gamoiyeneboda.
saqarTveloSi daculi koleqcia, romelic moicavs rogorc qarTul, ise bizantiur
nimuSebs, msoflioSi erT-erTi umdidresia. tixruli minanqris ganviTarebas
saqarTveloSi Tavisi winapirobebi hqonda, rasac mcxeTis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis
Sedegad aRmoCenili tixruli inkrustaciiT gaformebuli nivTebis mravalferovneba
mowmobs. am mxriv gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia ax. w. aR. 170-180 wlebiT
daTariRebuli asfarugis xmlis qarqaSi, romlis Sesrulebis teqnikac Zalze axlos
dgas tixruli minanqris teqnologiasTan.
bizantiaSi tixruli minanqari VI saukunidan Cndeba, magram am droisTvis is mxolod
umniSvnelo ornamentuli motivebis saxiT arsebobs. qarTuli tixruli minanqris
evolucia ki VIII saukunidan iwyeba, ufro adreuli Zeglebi ar mogvepoveba. minanqris
adreuli Zeglebi muqi zurmuxtisferi minanqriT amovsebuli foniT xasiaTdeba, rasac
mogvianebiT oqros foni cvlis. qarTul minanqars bevri ram aqvs saerTo bizantiurTan,
kerZod ki, Sesrulebis teqnika, feradovani gama da ikonografia, magram yovelive amis
miuxedavad maT Soris principuli gansxvavebac arsebobs, rac, upirveles yovlisa,
gansxvavebul xasiaTSia gamoxatuli. bizantiur daxvewil, daxvewil, mkacr saxeebs
upirispirdeba qarTuli sada, zogjer gulubryvilo, Taviseburi eqspresiis mqone
gamosaxulebebi.
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos XII saukunis xaxulis RvTismSoblis karedi, romelic
sxvadasxva drois (VIII-XII ss.) qarTuli da bizantiuri warmoSobis minanqris 115 detals
Seicavs. misi centraluri, RvTismSoblis xatis xelebi da saxe ki msoflioSi minanqris
yvelaze didi nimuSia. Tavisi masStabiTa da mxatvruli RirebulebiT xaxulis kareds
xSirad veneciis pala d’oros adareben.
XV saukunidan (romeli periodidanac mxolod ori wminda giorgis firfitaa
SemorCenili) qarTuli tixruli minanqari wyvets Tavis arsebobas. misi tradiciebis
aRorZineba ki mxolod XX saukunis bolos moxerxda.
dReisaTvis tixruli minanqris warmoeba farTod aris gavrcelebuli. is moicavs
rogorc tradiciul religiur Tematikas, ise Tanamedrove samkauls da dekoratiul-
gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis nimuSebs.
6.4. xis mxatvruli damuSaveba
xis mxatvrul damuSavebas umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs rogorc qarTul
saeklesio, ise saero xuroTmoZRvrebasa da dekoratiul-gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi.
saqarTvelo gansakuTrebiT mdidaria Sua saukuneebis xeze kveTis nimuSebiT. X-XI
saukuneebis Cukulis, jaxunderis (svaneTi), laSes-vanis, mRvimevis (imereTi) eklesiebisa
da sxva araerTi taZris karebi brwyinvaled Sesrulebuli CuqurTmiTa da skulpturuli
figurebiTaa Semkuli. maTi stili savsebiT Seesabameba XI saukunis qvis reliefebisa da
Weduri xelovnebis stils, romelic, Tavis mxriv, gamorCeulia Sesrulebis maRali
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doniT, daxvewili plastikiTa da proporciebiT. xis karebisTvis masalad umetesad
kakals iyenebdnen. garda sakuTriv karebisa, SemorCenilia maTi CarCoebi da kankelebis
xis koWebi (mag. melesi qarTlSi), romlebic aseve Semkulia xeze kveTili CuqurTmiT.
saeklesio xelovnebis paralelurad, xeze kveTa qarTuli xalxuri xelovnebis erT-
erTi yvelaze ganviTarebuli dargi iyo, rasac TvalnaTliv mowmobs glexuri
sacxovrebeli saxlis interieri da xalxuri aveji: savarZlebi, sakarcxulebi, skam-
loginebi, skivrebi, kidobnebi, akvnebi, musikaluri instrumentebi (Congurebi,
salamurebi), WurWeli da sxva. avejis moCuqurTmeba gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebuli iyo
saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi. xalxuri ornamentuli saxeebis arsenali ZiriTadad
geometriul ornaments, astralur simboloebs, stilizebul antropomorful da
zoomorful motivebs moicavs da saerToa rogorc avejis, ise xalxuri
xuroTmoZRvruli dekorisTvis.
xalxur xuroTmoZRvrebaSi, iqneba es qarTluri Tu mesxuri darbazis, imerul-gurul-
megruli odebis, svanuri saxlis _ maCubis Tu sxva regionebis sacxovreblis
interierisa Tu eqsterieris gaformeba, xeze kveTas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
eniWeboda. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia darbazis erT-erTi mTavari elementis _
dedaboZis morTuloba, romelic geometriuli ornamentiT, stilizebuli
antropomorfuli gamosaxulebebiT da sxvadasxva astraluri simboloebiT aris
Semkuli. Tavisebur teqnikas vxvdebiT axalcixuri darbazis saukeTeso nimuSebSi, sadac
darbazis kedlebi Semosilia inkrustirebuli xis panelebiT, romelTa rTuli naxatis
saxeebi awyobilia patara samkuTxa, sworkuTxa an rombis formis profilirebuli
firfitebiT.
Tu aRmosavleT saqarTvelos darbazebSi da svanur maCubSi CuqurTma ZiriTadad Sida
sivrceSia gamoyenebuli, dasavleT saqarTvelos odebSi dekoriT umTavresad aivnis
boZebi da Tavxeebi ifareboda. amasTan dasavlur - qarTuli xeze kveTili CuqurTma
ufro nazia da wminda, vidre aRmosavluri. Cveulebrivi samkuTxovani CaWris teqnikis
garda aq did gavrcelebas poulobs mcenareuli motivebis kveTa horizontalur gluv
fonze, rac metad iSviaTia aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi.
oda saxlis saboloo klasikuri saxe XIX saukuneSi (gansakuTrebiT II naxevridan)
SemuSavda. am dros saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi saxlis xuroTmoZRvrul gadawyvetaSi
wamyvan adgils Senobis eqsterieri ikavebs. aivani ukve yvelgan iqca saxlis mTavar
elementad, misi gaformeba ki _ ostatis ZiriTad sazrunavad. amis saukeTeso magaliTad
TbilisSi Camoyalibebuli sacxovrebeli saxlis tipi iqca, gadmokidebuli farTo xis
aivniT, romlis formebic SemdgomSi saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela qalaqSi gavrcelda.
xeze kveTis Zvelma tradiciebma axali pirobebis Sesaferisad icvala saxe: gaCnda aivnis
grexili svetebi da cxovelxatuli svetisTavebi, rTuli Wviruli naxatis TaRebi da
CarCoebi, ficarSi amoWrili moajirebis mravalferovani saxeebi, romlebic, Tavis
mxriv, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebuli ornamentuli motivebidanaa nasesxebi.
dReisTvis xeze kveTa farTod gamoiyeneba taZrebis karebebis, analoRiebis, jvrebis da
sxva saeklesio nivTebis Sesamkobad. amavdroulad, sxvadasxva regionSi SemorCenilia
tradiciuli avejisa da interieris aqsesuarebis warmoebis ramdenime centri. am mxriv
gansakuTrebiT gamorCeulia svaneTi, raWa da zemo aWara, sadac xeze kveTa da xalxuri
xuroTmoZRvrebis tradiciebi jer kidev Semonaxulia.
6.5. qvaze kveTa da gliptika
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naxevradZvirfasi Tu Zvirfasi qvebis damuSaveba saqarTveloSi uZvelesi droidan iwyeba,
gansakuTrebul ganviTarebas ki axali welTaRricxvis I saukunisTvis iberiis
dedaqalaqSi _ mcxeTaSi aRwevs. sakmarisia aRiniSnos mravali portretuli Tu sxva
gamosaxulebiani gemma da kamea mcxeTis (armazisxevis, bagineTis, samTavros) kldeeTisa
da axali welTaRricxvis I-III saukuneTa sxva samarxebidan. am nimuSebs Soris qvaze
faqizad kveTis xelovnebis namdvili Sedevrebic moipoveba. gemebi (amoRrmavebiT nakveTi
gamosaxulebani) da kameebi (reliefurad nakveTni) patiosan Tvlebzea amoWrili da
Semdeg oqros, vercxlis, brinjaosa Tu rkinis sxvadasxva samkaulSia (metwilad
beWdebSi) Casmuli. iberiaSi maTi farTo gavrceleba aq saTanado saxelosnoebis
arsebobis varaudsac warmoSobs. antikuri gliptikis udavo gavlenis paralelurad
SeiniSneboda kavSiri aRmosavlur parTul da mcireaziur gemmebTan. amave periodSi
Cndeba egvipturi gemmebic.
adre Sua saukuneebis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad antikuri dasavluri gemebi
gvxvdeba, Semdeg ki wamyvani roli aRmosavlur, sasanur gemmebs eniWeba. yuradRebas
iqcevs adgilobrivi ostatebis namuSevrebic. VII-VIII ss-dan ganviTarebul Sua
saukuneebamde gliptika ZiriTadad gviandeli xanis sasanuri sabeWdavebis mibaZviT
viTardeba. gviani Sua saukuneebis sabuTebSi, zepirsityvierebasa da mwerlobaSi gvxvdeba
terminebi da cnobebi, romlebic exeba sabeWdavebs, maT masalas, formebs, damzadebis
wess. Semonaxulia rogorc sabeWdavebi, ise maTi anabeWdebi. zogierTi maTgani maRali
ostatobis nimuSs warmoadgens (zurmuxtze Wrili anton kaTalikosis sabeWdavi).
gvxvdeba gerbis gamosaxulebiani sabeWdavebi. am mxriv sagangebod aRsaniSnavia
kaTalikos domenti II-is (XVIIs.) sabeWdavi, romlis ostats Zveli religiuri siuJetebi
axleburad, Tavisi epoqis Sesabamisad gadmoucia. XIX saukunis sabeWdavebis udidesi
nawili warweriania, gvxvdeba gerbis gamosaxulebiani sabeWdavebic.
gliptikis paralelurad Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelda reliefuri
xelovneba, romelic taZrebis fasadebis, kankelebis da stelebis Sesamkobad
gamoiyeneboda. adre Sua saukuneebis elinistur gavlenebs gardamaval xanaSi (VIII-IX
saukuneebSi) cvlis xazobriv-dekoratiuli stili, romelic sibrtyobriobiT,
utrirebuli formebiT da stilizaciis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeva. X-XI saukuneebi
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli plastikis oqros xanaa. daxvewili formebi da proporciebi,
Sesrulebis maRali ostatoba da ornamentuli motivebis mravalferovneba am periodis
qvaze kveTis nimuSebis Taviseburebas warmoadgens. aRniSnuli tendencia grZeldeba XII-
XIII saukuneebis manZilzec. momdevno periodis qvaze kveTis nimuSebSi aSkaraa
ornamentis sqematizacia,Ggviani Sua saukuneebis reliefebisTvis ki damaxasiaTebeli
xdeba pirobiToba da xalxur sawyisebis win wamoweva.
XIX saukuneSi qvaze kveTis umniSvnelovanes dargad yalibdeba saflavis qvebis morTvis
xelovneba, romelic XIX saukuneSi XX saukunis dasawyisis CaTvliT TiTqmis mTeli
qveynis masStabiT gavrcelda. qvaze kveTili portretebis simravle am periodSi
aRniSnuli dargis gansakuTrebul popularobaze metyvelebs.
dReisaTvis qvaze kveTis xelovneba gamoiyeneba taZris fasadebis, kankelebis
morTulobaSi, gliptika ki popularulia rogorc saeklesio nivTebis, ise
samkaulis warmoebaSi.
6.6. teqstili
saqarTveloSi qsovilis warmoebas uZvelesi droidan misdevdnen. Sesabamisad,
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi yalibdeboda qsovilis damzadebis da damuSavebis
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teqnologiuri da mxatvruli xerxebi iqneba es dazgaze Tu Cxirze qsova, Telva, qargva,
qsovilis daCiTva Tu sxva. N
xelsaqmeSi daostateba qalisTvis odiTganve aucilebeli movaleoba iyo. Sesabamisad,
isini bavSvobidanve swavlobdnen matylis, selis, kanafis, abreSumis damuSavebasa da
Rebvas. qsovilebisa da Zafebis SesaRebad bunebrivi saRebavebi gamoiyeneboda, rasac
“tutisRebva” ewodeboda.
Teqis warmoebis kvals saqarTveloSi uZvelesi droidan vxvdebiT. misi ganviTarebis
istoria ZiriTadad mTian regionebs ukavSirdeba (TuSeTi, xevsureTi, fSavi, svaneTi,
zemo raWa, javaxeTi da a.S.). samatyle jiSis cxvari gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebuli iyo
TuSeTSi. amdenad, saukeTeso nawarmad saqarTveloSi TuSuri Teqa miiCneva, romelic
martivi da daxvewili ornamentiT gamoirCeva. moTelili matylisgan ZiriTadad
samoseli da interieris aqsesuarebi mzaddeboda.
mxatvruli xerxebisa da Sesrulebis teqnikis mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva qarTuli
naqargoba, romelic gamoiyeneboda rogorc saeklesio nivTebis Sesamkobad, ise saero
samosis da sayofacxovrebo nivTebis da aqsesuarebis gasaformeblad.
Sua saukuneebis naqargobis mdidari koleqcia, romelic moicavs liturgiuli
daniSnulebis nivTebs: gardamoxsnebs, samRvdelo pirTa Sesamosels da a.S., ZiriTadad
oqromkediTaa Semkobili. naqargobaze arsebuli saqtitoro warwerebi, eklesia-
monastrebis cxovrebis wesis aRmnusxveli dokumentebi migvaniSnebs, rom saeklesio
daniSnulebis naqargoba eklesia-monastrebsa da didgvarovan ojaxebSi iqmneboda.
Sesabamisad, qarTuli saeklesio naqargobis Cvenamde moRweuli brwyinvale nimuSebi
Sesrulebis maRali ostatobiT da ferTa daxvewili SexamebiT gamoirCeva, rac maT Sua
saukuneebis xelovnebis umniSvnelovanes nimuSebad aqcevs.
naqargobas aranaklebi mniSvneloba eniWeboda sxvadasxva kuTxis samosis gaformebaSi,
iqneba es qalis grZeli, sartyliT da CixtikopiT damSvenebuli klasikuri qarTuli
kaba, Tu mTiani regionebis samosi. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamorCeulia xevsuruli
samoseli _ ”talavari”, romelic muqi lurji an Savi Salisgan (toli) ikereboda. qalis
samosi Sedgeboda “sadiacosgan” da zemodan mosasxami “qoqlosgan”, romelic
geometriuli ornamentis rTuli aplikaciiT, jvruli naqargobiT da wvrili mZivis
SemkulobiT iyo morTuli. morTulobisTvis aseve gamoiyeneboda liTonis monetebi,
Zvlis Rilebi, romlebsac sakraluri funqcia hqonda. naqargobiT iyo gaformebuli
mamakacis samosic “samxedrioni”, romelic dafaruli iyo jvrisa da mnaTobTa
simboloebiT. samosis ganuyofeli nawili iyo naqsovi windebi, xSirad “daSibvis”
teqnikiT Sesrulebuli paWiWebi, “TaTebi”, an CiTebi.
saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis mniSvnelovani dargi iyo xaliCebisa da fardagebis
qsova, romelic jer kidev neoliTis xana iRebs saTaves. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania Zv. welTaRricxvis III aTaswleuliT daTariRebuli iltos namosaxlari,
sadac aRmoCnda vertikaluri saqsovi dazgisa da sabeWuris fragmenti. agreTve bedenis
#15 samarxi (Zv. w. XIX s.), sadac saqarTvelos teritoriaze sxvadasxva qsovilis, Teqisa
da fardagis uZvelesi fragmentebi iqna mokvleuli.
saqarTveloSi mexaliCeobis kerebi iyo kaxeTSi, TuSeTSi, xevsureTSi, samxreT
saqarTveloSi (axalcixe) da sxva. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia xevsuruli da
TuSuri xaliCebisa da fargadebis muqi ferebis TavSekavebuli palitra, romelic
gansxvavdeba mezoblad mdebare baris kaxeTSi Seqmnili namuSevrebis ferTa gamisgan,
romlebSic, Tavis mxriv, aRmosavluri gavlenebi Warbobs.
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos meabreSumebis tradiciebi, romlis istoriac
saqarTveloSi savaraudod, V saukuneSi iwyeba. abreSumis parki da misi nawarmi
saqarTvelos sparseTis bazarze gahqonda. meabreSumeobis gansakuTrebuli aRmavloba
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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SeiniSneba XIX-XX ss-Si, rodesac qarTuli abreSumis eqsporti qveynisTvis Semosavlis
mniSvnelovani wyaro iyo.
qsovilis mxatvruli gaformebis istoriaSi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs e.w.
“lurj sufras”, romelic XIX saukuneSi farTod gavrcelda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
regionSi. `lurji sufra” qsovilis “negatiuri” Rebvis teqnikiT iqmneboda.
qsovilze naxati xis saCiTavi yalibebiT daitaneboda. “lurji sufrisTvis” tipiuri
ornamentuli motivebi da zoomorfuli da antropomorfuli gamosaxulebebi
(irmebi, lomebi, Tevzebi, Citebi da sxva) xSirad uZveles xalxur ornamentis
motivebidanaa nasesxebi. cnobilia, rom “lurji sufra” mxolod sadResaswaulo
SemTxvevebSi iSleboda, rac kidev erTxel miuTiTebs aRniSnul gamosaxulebaTa
sakralur mniSvnelobaze. qsovili gaformebas saqarTveloSi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
axasiaTebda ornamentis sisadave da bunebrivi saRebavebiT miRebul ferTa Sexamebis
TavSekavebuli xasiaTi, rac Tavis mxriv, qarTuli xelovnebis zogadi, yvela dargisTvis
saerTo Taviseburebaa.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
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7. tradiciuli rewvis socialuri-ekonomikur mniSvneloba
tradiciuli rewva odiTganve iyo Sinameurneobis ganuyofeli nawili. igi erTi mxriv,
emsaxureboda ojaxis samosiT, samuSao iaraRebiT, saojaxo da sxva nivTebiT
uzrunvelyofas da, amave dros, warmoadgenda aReb-micemobis sagans. savaWro
urTierTobebis ganviTarebasTan erTad xelosnuri nawarmi ara marto adgilobrivi,
aramed saerTaSoriso vaWrobis ZiriTad sagnad iqca. sawarmoebis da industrializaciis
ganviTarebam nel-nela Caanacvla xelosnuri nawarmi, Tumca tradiciuli rewva jer
kidev did rols asrulebda mecxramete saukunis saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi, roca
qveyanaSi warmoebisa da momsaxurebis ZiriTadi tvirTi amqrebsa da maT gaerTianebebze
modioda.
XIX saukunis TbilisSi amqroba umniSvnelovanesi movlena iyo, romelic profesiulTan
erTad socialur struqturasac warmoadgenda. amqars sakuTari ganawesi gaaCnda,
romelTanac mravali wesi, adaTi da Cveuleba iyo dakavSirebuli. xelosnobis
TviToeul dargs sakuTari amqari hyavda. am organizaciaSi Sesvla SeeZlo yvela
adgilobrivad mcxovreb xelosans ganurCevlad wodebisa da erovnebisa. amqars hyavda
Tavisi gamgeoba, romelsac ganagebda ustabaSi (ostatebis Tavi). Yyvela amqars sakuTari
droSa hqonda, romelzec gamoxatuli iyo gerbi, amqris simbolo. ustabaSis arCeva
xdeboda kenWisyriT. amqars gaaCnda sakuTari wesdeba, romliTac mkacrad iyo daculi
kolegialoba. qalaqis mosaxleoba, mdidari Tu Raribi, Tvlida, rom xelobis codna
aucilebeli iyo, swored amitom isini TavianT mcirewlovan Svilebs amqarSi ostats
abarebdnen. Cveulebriv Segirdoba 5-6 wlis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda. Semdgomi etapi
qargloba iyo. qargals Segirdisgan gansxvavebiT ufleba hqonda Tavad aerCia ostati. am
etapebis gavlis Semdeg mowafe ostati xdeboda, sakuTari damRis uflebiT. Aamqaris
wesdeba gansazRvravda rogorc ostatisa da Segirdis urTierTobas, ise amqris
wevrebis ojaxebis movla-patronobis wesebsac. 27
XIX saukunis meore naxevridan saqarTveloSi xelosnuri damzadebis gverdiT fexs
ikidebs jer manufaqturuli, xolo Semdeg ki _ qarxnul-fabrikuli warmoebac.
tradiciuli rewvis aRorZinebisa da misi ekonomikuri potencialis waxalisebis
TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani roli Sesarula kavkasiis kustarulma komitetma, romelic
1899 wels Seiqmna ruseTis imperiis soflis meurneobis saministrosTan. misi mizani iyo
ruseTis imperiis mier kavkasiis masStabiT xalxuri xelosnobisa da xelovnebis
SemorCenili kerebis aRricxva-aRnusxva da kavkasiis, rogorc xelnakeTi nivTebis
eqsportioris, potencialis dadgena. es msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mimdinare
moZraobebis garkveuli gamoZaxili iyo, romelTa mizani masobrivi produqciis
sapirispirod, xelnakeTi xelovnebis nimuSebis, dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis
maRalmxatvruli nimuSebis Seqmna da maTi mxardaWera iyo (britanuli xelovnebisa da
xelosonobis moZraobis da ruseTis abramcovos koloniა). komitetis Stab-bina
TbilisSi mdebareobda. organizaciis mizani iyo Seeswavla arsebuli xalxuri
xelovnebis kerebi (gansakuTrebuli aqcenti mexaliCeobaze keTdeboda, radganac
moTxovnileba saerTaSoriso bazarze xelnakeTi Zveli kavkasiuri xaliCebisadmi Zalze
maRali iyo). kavkasiis kustaruli komitetis mier samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis (somxeTi,
saqarTvelo, azerbaijani) teritoriebze sxvadasxva saxelosnoebi daarsda, sadac
tradiciuli xalxuri rewvis dargebis safuZvleze axali nivTebi iqmneboda. kavkasiis
kustarul komitetis laboratoriebs, iseve, rogorc ruseTsa da inglisSi,
profesionali mxatvrebi xelmZRvanelobdnen, romlebic tradiciuli formebiTa da
27ი. griSaSvili, Tbilisis literaturuli bohema, Tbilisi, 1927, gv. 38-52
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
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Zveli ornamentuli saxeebis gamoyenebiT, axal nimuSebsa da eskizebs qmnidnen. komitetis
saqmianoba, aseve, iTvaliswinebda tradiciuli, xalxSi SemorCenili dekoratiul-
gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis nimuSebis Segrovebas, rasac TbilisSi kavkasiis kustaruli
komitetis muzeumis daarseba mohyva (dRevandeli dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi da xalxuri
xelovnebis muzeumi). amave komitetis interesebis sferoSi Sedioda kavkasiaSi iseTi
tradiciuli dargebis aRorZineba rogoricaa, magaliTad, meabreSumeoba. TbilisSi
muStaidis baRSi 1887 wels gaixsna meabreSumeobis sadguri, sadac adgilobriv abreSums
amuSavebdnen. amave adgilas maleve daarsda msoflioSi erT-erTi pirveli unikaluri
abreSumis muzeumi, romlis saeqspozicio karadebi kustaruli komitetis saxelosnoebSi
damzadda. kavkasiis kustaruli komiteti gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad muSaobda
mexaliCeobis aRorZinebis dargSi - mexaliCeobis sxvadasxva xalxur kerebSi
grovdeboda tradiciuli naxatebi da profesionali mxatvrebis (straume da daviT
ciciSvili) mier gadamuSavebuli eskizebiT axali namuSevrebi iqmneboda. orjer
daibeWda kavkasiuri xaliCebis eskizebis feradi albomebi, romlebic rogorc nimuSebi
urigdebodaT xalxur ostatebs sxvadasxva regionebSi. kavkasiis kustaruli komitetis
nawarmi aqtiurad monawileobda msoflios saerTaSoriso gamofenebSi, sadac ramdenime
namuSevarma oqros medali da sapatio diplomebic miiRo (mag. parizis gamofenis didi
oqros medali xaliCa “miri” da aseve didi vercxlis medalic)
1926 wels safuZveli Caeyara da 1930 wels mwyobrSi Cadga Tbilisis maudis fabrika,
romelic 1953 wels gadakeTda Tbilisis maud-kamvolis kombinatad.
XIX saukuneSi da XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi aRiricxeboda keramikuli
warmoebis ormocdaaTamde centri, gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeoda bodbisxevi, maCxaani,
Telavi, vardisubani, ruispiri, ninowminda, kakabeTi, Tbilisi, mcxeTa, gori, SroSa,
dablagomi, sairme, walenjixa, nagomari.
XX saukunis manZilze keramikis warmoebis mniSvnelovani centrebi iyo SroSa, iyalTo,
aseve mcxeTa da zugdidi, sadac keramikuli da faifuris qarxnebi funqcionirebda da
araerTi keramikosi iyo dasaqmebuli.
1980-iani wlebisaTvis msubuqi mrewveloba saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi wamyvan dargs
warmoadgenda. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom igi awarmoebda qveynis saerTo produqciis 58%-
59%-s, xolo am dargSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba mTeli Sromisunariani mosaxleobis 38-
40%-s Seadgenda. aqedan msubuqi mrewvelobis sawarmoTa mier realizebuli produqciis
Sedegad respublikis biujetis Semosavali 40-45% ifareboda. funqcionirebda iseTi
msxvili, teqnikurad maRal doneze aRWurvili fabrika-qarxnebi, rogoric iyo gorisa da
quTaisis bambeulis kombinatebi, Tbilisis kamvoluri darTvisa da maudis fabrikebi,
tyavis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnebi qalaq Tbilissa da quTaisSi, qalaq Tbilisis
fexsacmlis fabrikebi ,,isani“ da ,,nariyala“, tyavfexsacmlis kombinati q. quTaisSi da
mravali sxva.
sabWoTa periodSi msubuqi mrewveloba saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad Semotanil nedleulze
iyo orientirebuli. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg Sewyda nedleulis miwodeba, ris
gamoc sawarmoebis umravlesobam Sewyvita funqcionireba. 28
sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos respublikis
mrewvelobis saministrosTan Sinameurneobis ganviTarebis mizniT Seiqmna sawarmo
"solani", romelic aerTianebda 4000-ze met binaze momuSave ostats, aseve dargobriv
sawarmoebsa ("cexebs"); hyavda 7000-ze meti dasaqmebuli saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
"solani" awarmoebda mravalferovan produqcias - teqstili, liTonmqandakebloba, xe,
biJuteria, rogorc sxvadasxva gamoyenebiTi funqciuri jgufebis produqcias, aseve
28 q. abaSiZe, msubuqi mrewvelobis roli saqarTvelos turistuli biznesis ganviTarebaSi, disertacia warmodgenilia doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, Tbilisi, 2013, gv. 46
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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sasuveniro nawarms. hqonda maRaziebis qseli, eweodnen eqsports ruseTsa da sabWoTa
kavSiris respublikebSi. maTi Tviuri Semosavali iyo daaxloebiT naxevari milioni
maneTi, saidanac 80% "gegmis" saxiT Sedioda biujetSi xolo 20%-iT ifareboda
sakuTari xarjebi. 29
paralelurad ZeglTa dacvis prezidiumTan, 1979 wels Seiqmna xalxuri rewvis da
Sinamrewvelobis kombinati, romlis Seqmnis mizani iyo Tanxebis moZieba Zeglebis
sarestavraciod. kombinati awarmoebda da realizacias ukeTebda sakavSiro masStabiT,
teqstilis (xaliCebi, fardagebi,) xis, metalis da tradiciuli rewvis TiTqmis yvela
teqnikaiT Sesrulebul produqcias. 80-iani wlebis bolos kombinatis wliurma
Semosavalma daaxloebiT 20 milion maneTs miaRwia, romlis 30% xmardeboda Zeglebis
restavracias, rac daaxloebiT wliur 6 milion maneTs Seadgenda. ZeglTa dacvis
kombinatis warmatebuli saqmianobis Sedegad maTi ricxvi gaizarda 5-mde da Tbilisis
garda dafara mTeli saqarTvelo (wyaltubo, quTaisi a.S.).
tradiciuli rewvis produqciis warmatebul warmoebaze mowmobs isic, rom am dros
bevri sazogadoebrivi gaerTianeba, Tavisi Semosavlebis gazrdis mizniT swored
xalxuri rewvis produqciis kombinatebs xsnida. aseTi iyo, mag. Teatralur
sazogadoebasTan arsebuli kombinati, xalxuri rewvis centri, dekoratiul-gamoyenebiT
xelovnebis muzeumi, aseve funqcionirebda SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis socialuri
jgufebis (yrumunjebis, usinaTloTa) saxelosnoebi. 30
29“solanis” generaluri direqtoris zurab ugulavas siRrmiesuli interviu
30 siRrmiseuli interviu ZeglTa dacvis prezidiumis wevrTan da ZeglTa Ddacvis sazogadoebasTan arsebuli samxatvro kombinatis mTavar mxatvar zurab focxiSvilTan.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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8. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris arsebuli mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi
8.1. arsebuli organizaciuli struqtura
8.1.1. samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo struqturebi
tradiciuli rewvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, Tavisi kulturuli da ekonomikuri
aspeqtebiT sxvadasxva samTavrobo struqturebis saqmianobasTan ikveTeba. maT Soris:
samTavrobo struqtura tradiciul rewvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi
kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro.
- xelovnebisa da ganaTlebis
departamenti;
- kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis
sammarTvelo;
- kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis
erovnuli saagentos
aramaterialuri kulturuli
memkvidreobis departamenti;
xalxuri rewvis da dekoratiul - gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis programebi
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva;
tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisaTvis statusis miniWeba da waxalisebis strategiebis SemuSaveba.
ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro
ekonomikuri waxalisebis strategiaSi tradiciuli rewvis dargis integracia
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro saganmanaTleblo (saskolo, umaRlesi da profesiuli) programebSi tradiciuli rewvis integracia.
garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro
nedleulis mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa saministro
axalgazrdobis dasaqmebaze orientirebuli iniciativebSi rewvis integracia.
regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministro
tradiciuli rewvis, rogorc regionaluri ganviTarebis resursis adgilobrivi ganviTarebis strategiebSi integracia da misi Semdgomi ganxorcieleba.
finansTa saministro
rewvis sferosTan dakavSirebuli sagadasaxado sakiTxebi
saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministro saerTaSoriso doneze qveynis kulturis brendingis strategiaSi tradiciuli rewvis komponentis CarTva
turizmis erovnuli administracia
tradiciuli rewvis, turistuli potencialis amaRleba, turistul marSrutebSi rewvis Temis CarTva.
energetikis saministro da licenzirebis saagento
masalis/nedleulis mopovebasTan da licenziasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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8.1.2. samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo iniciativebi
ukanaskneli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi araerTi samTavrobo
da arasamTavrobo iniciativa ganxorcielda.
kerZod, mniSvnelovani proeqti iyo kulturis da ZeglTa dacvis saministros mier 2012
wels strasburgis saSobao bazrobaze saqarTvelos xalxuri rewvis produqciis
statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri “saqstati”
tradiciuli rewvis monacemTa Segroveba
kulturis sferosTan dakavSirebuli statistikis warmoeba
saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnuli centri “saqpatenti”
tradiciuli rewvis produqciis saavtoro uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebi regulireba
saqarTvelos savaWro samrewvelo palata
rewvis, rogorc dasaqmebisa da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis stimulatoris mxardaWera, eqsporti
saqarTvelos parlamentis komitetebi: ganaTlebis mecnierebis da kulturis komiteti
tradiciul rewvasTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis inicireba.
Tbilisis meria tradiciul rewvis qalaqis ganviTarebis gegmaSi integracia
adgilobrivi mTavrobebi adgilobrivi kulturuli resursebis mobilizeba, ganviTarebis strategiebSi integracia da maTi Semdgomi ganxorcieleba
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo tradiciuli rewvis popularizacia da samrevlo skolebSi danergva
umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia
saganmanaTleblo procesSi aramateriualuri kulturuli memkvidreobis da xalxuri rewvis integracia
saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centri
tradiciuli rewvis resursebis kvleva da ganviTareba
muzeumebi da samecniero institutebi:
- xalxuri da gamoyenebiTi
xelovnebis muzeumi
- saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi
- mxareTmcodneobis muzeumebi
- g. CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli
xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa
dacvis kvlevis erovnuli centri
tradiciuli rewvis resursebis kvleva, samuzeumo koleqciebis interpretaciasa da saganmanaTleblo programebSi integracia
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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wardgena. amasTanave, kulturis saministrom gamosca katalogis “suvenirebi
saqarTvelodan” ori tomi da sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso festivalebze waradgina
tradiciuli rewvis produqcia.
q. Tbilisis meriis ekonomikuri samsaxuris da turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier
organizebul yovelwliur turistul bazrobebze, gansakuTrebuli adgili eTmoboda
xalxuri rewvis ostatebis produqciis wardgenas saqarTvelos yvela regionidan. aseve
xalxuri rewvis ostatebi monawilebdnen adgilobrivi municipalitetebis mier
organizebul festivalebSi.
tradiciul rewvas mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs “folkloris saxelmwifo centris”
moRvaweobaSi. centri 1936 wlidan funqcionirebs rogorc xalxuri Semoqmedebis
kabineti, xalxuri Semoqmedebis saxli (1937-1980 wlebi), xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo muSaobis respublikuri samecniero-meToduri centri (1980-
2004 wlebi), xolo 2005 wlidan rogorc folkloris saxelmwifo centri, axorcielebs
sxavadsxva proeqtsa da organizebas ukeTebs gamofenebs;
2011 wlidan Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademiis bazaze gaixsna saxelosno
„lurji sufra“, romelic mimarTulia lurji sufris warmoebis aRorZinebaze;
saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis giorgi Citaias saxelobis eTnografiuli muzeumi
atarebs xalxuri rewvis saganmanaTleblo programebs da sazafxulo skolebs.
paralelurad, ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi dargis ganviTarebaSi
aqtiurad aris CarTuli arasamTavrobo da kerZo seqtori. maT Soris aaip. xelovnebis
saerTaSoriso centri ganaxorcielebs xalxuri rewvis ganviTarebaze da adgilobriv
da saerTaSoriso marketingze mimarTul mraval programas. programa faravs rogorc
saganmanaTleblo, aseve sagamofeno da marketingze mimarTul aqtivobebs.
gamoirCeva festivali „art geni“, romelic 2003 wlidan yovelwliurad imarTeba.
Ffestivali xalxuri xelovnebis, maT Soris tradiciuli rewvis ostatebis
popularizacias eweva. 2006 wels artgenis jgufi mier gamoica katalogi “saqarTvelos
xalxuri rewvis ostatebi”.
aRsaniSnavia “teqstilis jgufis” iniciativebi, romelic wlebis manZilze muSaobda
teqstilis ganviTarebaze TuSeTis, kaxeTisa da samcxe javaxeTis teritoriaze. M
“teqstilis jgufis” iniciativiT teqstilis nawarmi araerxel warsdga santa fes
xalxuri xelovnebis gamofena-gayidvaze.
amasTanave, am periodis ganmavlobaSi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mxridan gamoikveTa
interesis zrda dargSi momuSave mcire Temebis, adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis, Tu sxva kerZo iniciativebis xelSewyobis da dafinansebis mxriv. aseve
tradiciuli rewvis seqtori moiazreba „socialuri sawarmos“ Seqmnis da
funqcionirebis aspeqtSic, romlebic faraven sxvadasxva socialur jgufebs, maT Soris
SezRuduli unaris mqone adamianebis aqtiobebsac.
8.2. iuridiuli baza
8.2.1. sferos identificirebis sakiTxebi31
saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi arsebuli ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo aqti
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis kuTxiT aris saqarTvelos kanoni "kulturuli
31 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
38
memkvidreobis Sesaxeb". uSualod tradiciuli rewvis sferosTan dakavSirebuli
teqnikuri sakiTxebi, iuridiuli regulaciebi da meqanizmebi, (rac konvenciebSi
deklarirebuli miznebis misaRwevad unda Seiqmnas), swored am kanonSi unda iyos
detalurad gawerili.
Tumca, kanonSi ar aris dafiqsirebuli, ganmartebuli an regulirebuli „tradiciuli
rewva“, „kulturuli industria“. am sakanonmdeblo vakuumis miuxedavad, yuradReba unda
gamaxvildes "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis" mimarTulebiT dawesebul
regulaciebze. am kanoniTac dadgenilia "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis"
legaluri definicia:
saqarTvelos kanoni "kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb",
muxli 3, "l" qvepunqti;
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba – zepirsityvierebis tradiciebi da gamoxatvis formebi, enis, rogorc materialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis matareblis, CaTvliT, saSemsruleblo xelovneba, adaTwesebi, Cveulebebi, tradiciul xelovnebasTan dakavSirebuli codna da unar-Cvevebi, aseve maTTan dakavSirebuli instrumentebi, sagnebi, artefaqtebi da kulturuli sivrceebi, romlebic sazogadoebis, jgufebisa da, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, calkeuli pirebis mier aRiarebulia maTi kulturuli memkvidreobis nawilad;
kanonis Sesabamisad, aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis identifikaciaze,
dokumentur (audio-video, werilobiT) fiqsaciaze, Senaxvasa da dacvaze pasuxismgebel
saxelmwifo organod gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis
saministro. aseve gansazRvrulia, rom "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis
obieqtebis aRricxvisa da identifikaciis mizniT iqmneba aramaterialuri kulturuli
memkvidreobis obieqtTa sia da saxelmwifo reestri".
dReisaTvis aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb regulaciebi mxolod
"kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb" saqarTvelos kanonSi arsebuli am zogadi
CanaweriT Semoifargleba, rac realurad ver aregulirebs aRniSnul sferos.
materialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis mimarT, kanonSi sakmaod dawvrilebiT da
detalurad aris gawerili sxvadasxva iuridiuli meqanizmi, procedura, samarTlebrivi
reJimi, maTTan dakavSirebuli iuridiuli Sedegi, kulturuli memkvidreobis
gamoyenebisa Tu dacvis pirobebi da pasuxismgebloba misi xelyofis SemTxvevaSi. es
samarTlebrivi sistema, xSir SemTxvevaSi arasruli da arasrulyofilia, xSirad
saWiroebs dakonkretebas, detalizacias Tu ganmartebebs, magram xarvezebis miuxedavad
mainc qmnis regulirebis erTian sivrces. aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba
sakanonmdeblo doneze sruliad ignorirebulia da praqtikulad regulaciis gareSea
darCenili.
materialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis urTierTqmedeba "tradiciul rewvasTan",
Tundac memkvidreobis calkeuli obieqtebis aslebis damzadebis sakiTxebi da a.S.
kanonSi gansazRvruli ar aris.
2012 saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis ministris wlis 24 ianvris #3/28
brZaneba "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtTa siisa da reestris
formis damtkicebis Taobaze" - aRniSnuli kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti
gansazRvravs aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobisaTvis statusis miniWebis,
kategoriis gansazRvris, misi reestrizaciis wesebs. am dokumentiT damtkicebulia yvela
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
39
aucilebeli saregistracio Tu reestris forma, kerZod: "aramaterialuri kulturuli
memkvidreobis obieqtTa siis forma", "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis
ZeglTa saxelmwifo reestris forma", "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis
obieqtis/Zeglis saaRricxvo baraTi", „aramaterialuri Zeglis saaRricxvo
dokumentaciis formebi". brZanebiT aseve gansazRvrulia am dokumentaciis Sevsebis wesi,
mocemulia calkeul obieqtTa pasportizaciisaTvis aucilebeli savaldebulo grafebi
da aRweriloba, gawerilia am procesTan dakavSirebuli yvela sxva procedura.
damatebiT dadgenilia, rom reestrs awarmoebs saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa
dacvis saministro, xolo aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqts Zeglis
statuss aniWebs saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis ministri.
debulebiT aseve gansazRvrulia, rom "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis
Zeglebze vrceldeba kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT
ZeglisaTvis dadgenili reJimi", Tumca raime saxis reJims, procedurebs Tu
samarTlebriv meqanizmebs aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis mimarT
"kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb" kanoni saerTod ar adgens.
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis reestrizaciis wesi faqtobrivad
"kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa reestris" procedurebis dublirebas axdens da
raime mniSvnelovani TaviseburebiT ar gamoirCeva. es wesic, iseve rogorc ZiriTadi
kanoni, saerTod ar iTvaliswinebs aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobisaTvis
damaxasiaTebel specifikas, mis Taviseburebas, rac sabolood masac siRrmiseulad
gauazrebeli da naCqarevad, erTi lokaluri amocanis gadawyvetis mizniT Seqmnili
wesis saxes aZlevs.
8.2.2. saqarTvelos kanoni muzeumebis Sesaxeb32
kanoni aregulirebs saxelmwifo muzeumebis sferos, "am kanonis ZiriTadi miznebia
saqarTvelos samuzeumo saqmianobis samarTlebrivi urTierTobis mowesrigeba da
saqarTvelos samuzeumo fondis dacva" (muxli 2, punqti 1), magram vinaidan tradiciuli
rewvis ZiriTad damaxasiaTebel niSans misi swored kulturul memkvidreobaze
dafuZneba warmoadgens, es kanoni da samuzeumo sfero sakmaod mniSvnelovan gavlenas
axdens tradiciuli rewvis dargebze.
unda aRiniSnos, rom muzeumebis kanoni moZvelebulia da SeusabamobaSia saqarTvelos
kanonTan "kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb", samarTlebrivi teqnikis TvalsazrisiTac
sasurvelia misi sruli gadamuSaveba, gamarTva, sakanonmdeblo sivrcesTan
SesabamisobaSi moyvana, rac sabolood misi axali redaqciiT SemuSavebas gulisxmobs.
kanonis erT-erTi xarvezia masSi mocemuli regulaciebis bundovaneba da gaurkvevloba,
rac SemdgomSi maTi araerT mniSvnelovani ganmartebis saSualebas iZleva da mraval
garTulebas iwvevs.
8.2.3. saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa gatanisa da
saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb
iuridiuli TvalsazrisT arasrulyofilia saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa
gatanisa da saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonic, romelSi arsebuli
Canaweris Sesabamisad, sabaJo organoebi valdebulni arian moiTxovon "kulturuli
faseulobis saqarTvelodan gatanis nebarTva" eTnografiul masalis gatanis SemTxvevSi,
32 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
40
rac sruliad bundovania, radgan misi definicia saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi
ar arsebobs. Tumca aqvs gansazRvrulia, rom "kanonis moqmedeba ar vrceldeba
Tanamedrove suveniruli xasiaTis nakeTobaze, agreTve seriuli da masobrivi warmoebis
kulturuli daniSnulebis nivTze", rac aseve Zalze pirobiTi gansazRvrebaa da
subieqtur Sefasebebs efuZneba. 33
8.2.4. sferoSi samewarmeo saqmianobis samarTlebrivi formebi da dabegvris rejimebi,
rogorc dafinansebis moZiebis wyaro
rewvis seqtorSi arsebuli iuridiuli saxis problemebs Soris unda aRiniSnos
samewrameo statusebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. "mewarmeTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos
kanonis” Sesabamisad, nebismieri samewarmeo saqmianoba saTanado wesiT unda iqnes
registrirebuli. 34 Tumca amave kanonSi gansazRvrulia gamonaklisebi, romlis
mixedviTac samewarmeo saqmianobad ar iTvleba fizikuri pirebis saxelovnebo,
samecniero, samedicino, arqiteqturuli, saadvokato an sanotaro, saaudito,
sakonsultacio (maT Soris, sagadasaxado konsultantTa), sasoflo-sameurneo an satyeo-
sameurneo saqmianoba; 35am Canaweris Sesabamisad, "saxelovnebo" saqmianoba, anu nebismieri
SemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba, romlis Sedegadac iqmneba calkeuli namuSevari ar
warmoadgens samewarmeo saqmianobas da Sesabamisad ar saWiroebs mis registracias,
sagadasaxado aRricxvaze ayvanas, buRalteriis, dokumentbrunvis mowesrigebas da
salaro aparats 36.
Tumca dReisaTvis am punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul CamonaTvalSi tardiciuli rewva ar
moiazreba. moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsis Sesabamisad tradiciuli rewvis rogorc
ekonomikuri saqmianobis warmarTvis samarTlebrivi formebi ar gansxvavdeba sxva
saqmianobebisgan. kerZod iuridiuli pirebisTvis es aris: SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis
sazogadoeba – Sps; solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba – sps; komandituri
sazogadoeba – ks; saaqcio sazogadoeba – ss; kooperativi. tradiciuli rewvis
integracia aseve SesaZlebelia arasamewarmeo iuridiuli pirebis saqmianobaSic, Tuki
igi “... atarebs damxmare xasiaTs da emsaxureba saerTo mizans, ar cvlis arakomerciuli
iuridiuli piris xasiaTs. aseTi saqmianobis Sedegad miRebuli mogebis ganawileba
kavSiris wevrebsa da fondis Semomwirvelebs Soris dauSvebelia”37.
fizikuri pirebis SemTxvevaSi registracia xdeba rogorc: individualuri mewarme da
gadasaxadis gadamxdeli fizikuri piri. rogorc sawarmoebi aseve fizikuri pirebi
Cveulebrivi dabegvris reJimebiT sargebloben.. amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom 2011 wels
amoqmedebul saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsSi minimumamdea dayvanili gamonaklisi
sagadasaxado reJimebi 38 . Tumca arsebobs ori biznes statusi, romelic garkveuli
SeRavaTebiT sargeblobs kerZod:
1. saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan Tavisufldeba mikrobiznesis statusis mqone
fizikuri piri. statusis miniWeba xdeba individze, romelic ar qiraobs damatebiT
muSaxels da romlis wliuri agregirebuli Semosavali 30.000 lars ar aRemateba. garda
amisa, Tu individi dakavebulia romelime CamoTvlilTagani saqmianobiT (puloverebisa
da analogiuri nawarmis warmoeba; zeda tansacmlis warmoeba, garda modelebis
33 კულტურულ ფასეულობათა საქართველოდან გატანისა და საქართველოში შემოტანის შესახებ საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 4. 34 “სამეწარმეო საქმიანობად მიიჩნევა მართლზომიერი და არაერთჯერადი საქმიანობა, რომელიც ხორციელდება მოგების მიზნით, დამოუკიდებლად და ორგანიზებულად."მეწარმეთა შესახებ" საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 1, პუნქტი 2 35 "მეწარმეთა შესახებ" საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 1, პუნქტი 3 36 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 37 საქართველოს სამოქალაქო კოდექსი. მუხლი 30 38 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 3. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ekonmikuri kvlevis angariSi. ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centri 2013
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
41
demonstrirebisa da Cvenebisa; sacvlebis warmoeba; Tavsaburavebis warmoeba; danarCeni
tansacmlisa da aqsesuarebis warmoeba; xis sxvadasxva nawarmis warmoeba; tansacmlisa
da Tavsaburavebis xis sakidebis warmoeba; xis saojaxo nivTebisa da samzareulos
sakuTnoebis warmoeba; faifurisa da qaSanuris sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo nakeTobebis
warmoeba; sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo WurWlisa da inventaris warmoeba; musikaluri
instrumentebis warmoeba; akordeonebisa da analogiuri sakravebis, maT Soris, tuCis
garmonikebis warmoeba; sasule musikaluri instrumentebis warmoeba; cocxebisa da
jagrisebis warmoeba; ...; fexsacmlisa da tyavis nawarmis remonti; ...) igi dawesebuli
30.000 laris zeda zRvarisganac Tavisufldeba 39 . Tumca am SemTxvevaSi statusis
mflobeli Tavad unda axorcielebdes saqonlis sacalod miwodebas saboloo
momxmareblisTvis. Sesabamisad zeda zRvarisgan gaTavisufleba Seexeba mxolod im
ostatebs, romlebic ar TanamSromloben maRaziebTan, salonebTan Tu sxva saxis
SuamavlebTan. am statusis mflobelTa urTierToba gayidvis Suamaval rgolebTan aseve
garTulebulia im garemoebiT, rom es ukanasknelni ver qviTaven mikromewarmeze gacemul
Tanxebs saerTo Semosavlidan, rac zrdis maTTvis mogebis gadasaxads.
საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსი მუხლი 106. ხარჯები, რომელიც არ გამოიქვითება ერთობლივი შემოსავლიდან არ გამოიქვითება: ვ) მიკრო ბიზნესის სტატუსის მქონე ფიზიკური პირისგან შეძენილ საქონელზე/ მომსახურებაზე გაწეული ხარჯი
am statusis mqone pirebi ganTavisuflebulni arian sakontrolo-salaro aparatis qonis
valdebulebisgan, da evalebaT mxolod yovelwliuri sagadasaxado deklaraciis
wardgena40.
2. SeRavaTani ganakveTiT, kerZod brunvis 5 procentiT, an, calkeul SemTxvevebSi,
brunvis 3 procentiT ibegreba mcire biznesis statusis mqone mewarmeebi. aRniSnuli
statusi vrceldeba im mewarme fizikur pirebze, romelTa wliuri Semosavali 100.000
lars, xolo sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis naSTi ki 150 000-s ar aRemateba;
sakanonmdeblo doneze kulturuli memkvidreobis sferosTvis specializirebuli
faqtiurad erTaderTi SeRavaTi Seexeba dRg-gan gaTavisuflebas CaTvlis uflebis
gareSe, romelic sxva SemTxvevebis garda vrceldeba aseve “piris mier saqarTvelos
kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministrosTan SeTanxmebiT msoflio memkvidreobis
nusxaSi Setanili, erovnuli mniSvnelobis kategoriis an/da sakulto-religiuri
daniSnulebis kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis sarestavracio, sareabilitacio,
saproeqto da kvleviTi samuSaoebis Sesrulebaze;” 41 Tumca aRniSnuli SeRavaTi
praqtikaSi ZiriTadad materialuri memkvidreobis Zeglebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba da
faqtiurad ar moqmedebs aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis SemTxvevaSi.
sasurveli iqneboda aRniSnuli CamonaTvalis koreqtireba am muxlis aramaterialuri
memkvidreobis Zeglebze gavrcobobis mizniT. Tumca amisaTvis pirvel rigSi
aucilebelia aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis reestriTan dakavSirebuli
problemebis mogvareba.
Sesabamisad tradiciuli rewva, iseve rogorc kulturuli industriebis sxva dargebi,
samewarmeo saqmianobis TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi sxva dargebTan gaTanabrebul
mdgomareobaSia da ar sargeblobs raime SeRavaTebiT. aRniSnuli mdgomareoba xels
uSlis maT ekonomikurad momgebian saqmianobad ganviTarebas, vinaidan specifikidan
gamomdinare zogadad kulturuli industriebis dargebisTvis dafinansebis moZieba
39 მთავრობის დადგენილება #415, 2010 წლის 29 დეკემბერი 40 საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსო, მუხლი 84. 41 საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსი, მუხლი 168
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
42
gacilebiT rTulia, vidre sxva, ekonomikis “tradiciuli dargisTvis” ara marto
saqarTveloSi, aramed dasavleTSic. amgvari realobis mizezebi ganpirobebulia
sferoSi moRvawve mcire da saSualo mewarmeobisTvis damaxisiaTebeli niSnebiT,
romlTa gamoc isini “maRali riskis” sawarmoebad miiCnevia. 42 am niSnebis umetesoba
qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis sawarmoebisTvisac damaxasiaTeblia. kerZod:
- warmoebis umetesobis mTavari motivacia damfuZneblisTvis gamoxatvis saSualebaa,
xolo Semosavali da mogeba rogorc wesi meoradia;
- SedarebiT mcire komerciuli ambiciebi da komerciuli zrdis Soreuli xedvis
nakleboba; am biznesebis umetesobas proeqtis xasiaTi aqvs, rac zRudavs
“korporatiuli xedvis” Camoyalibebas;
- sawarmoebi efuZnebian individual niWs, rac arTulebs mcire sawarmodan saSualo an
did sawarmod gardaqmnas;
- finansuri operatorebi sirTuleebs awydebian iseTi biznes aqtivebis SefasebaSi
rogoricaa saavtoro uflebebi, licenziebi, aseve naklebi yuradReba eqceva iseT
aramaterialur aqtivebs rogoricaa SemoqmedebiToba, inovacia, niWi, originaloba,
romlebic SemoqmedebiTi industriebis ZiriTad aqtivebs warmoadgens;
- SemoqmedebiTi industriis produqciaze moTxovnis gansazRvris sirTule
- saxelmwifo dafinansebis didi mniSvneloba seqtoris stabilurobisTvis
arsebul situaciaSi evropis ZiriTad qveynebSi SemoqmedebiTi industriebis dafinasebis
wyaroebis sqema warmodgenilia grafikze 27. 43 . aRniSnuli dafinansebis wyaroebis
umetesoba saqarTveloSi, sxvadasxva mizezis gamo, tradiculi rewvis biznesisTvis,
iseve rogorc mTlianad kulturuli industriebisTvis dReisaTvis xelmiuwvdomelia.
evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi SemuSavebulia kulturis arapirdapiri mxardaWeris, anu
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis saSualebiT kulturis sferoSi damatebiTi Tanxebis moZiebis
gansxvavebuli sistemebi, Tumca arsebobs kulturis sferoSi Semowirulobebis da
sponsorobisTvis sagadasaxado SezRudvebis dawesebis zogadi tendencia. bolo
periodSi am tendenciiT dainteresdnen safrangeTi da italiac, qveynebi romlebSic es
RonisZiebebi arasdros TanaSobda mniSvnelovan rols 44 . saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli
meqanizmebi dReisaTvis ar moqmedebs, vinaidan sakanonmdeblo bazaSi ar aris
gaTvaliswinebuli kulturis dafinansebisTvis dabegvris gansakuTrebuli reJimebi, jer
kidev damtkicebis procesSia kanoni qvelmoqmedebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad sferoSi
sponsorobis motivacia mxolod kerZo kompaniebis socialuri pasuxismgeblobiT da
marketinguli miznebiT aris ganpirobebuli.
grafiki 1
42 KEA, Promoting Investment in the Cultural and Creative Sector: Financing Needs, Trends and Opportunities. 2010. p. 18-19
43 KEA, Promoting Investment in the Cultural and Creative Sector: Financing Needs, Trends and Opportunities. 2010. p. 29 44 European parliameny, Finanansing the Arts and Culture in the EU, Brussels, 2006
kulturuli da SemoqmedebiTi
seqtorebis dafinansebis wyaroebi
saxelmwifo
mxardaWera
garantiebi
grantebi
sakredito
finansireba
saaqcio
dafinanseba
wilebi,
aqciebi
sxva
sponsoroba
sesxebi
mikro-
kreditebi
biznes
mfarvelebi
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
43
arapirdapiri mxardaWera
tradiciuli rewvis sferos warmomadgenlebisTvis rTulia aseve kreditebis moZiebac.
erTi mxriv, rogorc aRiniSna, sfero ar aRiqmeba sakredito institutebis mier
stabilur momgebian warmoebad, meore mxriv ki ar arsebobs garantiebis gacemis
saxelmwifo programebi, romelic mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs evropis sxvadasxva
qveynebSi. am mxriv, saintereso iniciativa iyo socialuri mewarmeobisTvis Tbilisi
meriis proeqtiT SeRavaTiani kreditebis gacemis programa. Tumca, rogorc wesi,
kulturis warmomadgenlebs uWirT seqtoraTaSorisi sqemebis gamoyeneba, rac erTi mxriv
maTSi msgavsi sqemebis Sesaxeb informirebulobis amaRlebas da meore mxriv,
specialuri sqemebis SemuSavebas moiTxovs.
kulturis saxelmwifo dafinansebaSi saqarTveloSi SedarebiT mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobs grantebi, romelTa ZiriTadi gamcemia kulturis da ZeglTa dacvis
saministro, aseve tenderebi (kulturis da ZeglTa dacvis saministro, saqarTvelos
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnuli saagento, Tbilisis meriis kulturuli
RonisZiebebis samsaxuri), Tumca am dafinansebebSic aramaterialur kulturul
memkvidreobas da kerZod tradiciul rewvas Zalze mcire adgili ukavia. dafinansebis
kidev erTi wyaroa saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebi, Tumca kulturis
mimarTulebiT maTi dafinanseba ganuxrelad mcirdeba. amave dros aRsaniSnavia, rom
grantebi rogorc wesi, gaicema proeqtebisTvis da ara sawarmoebisTvis, rac biznesis
ganviTarebis kuTxiT savaraudod naklebad efeqturia. saqarTvelos prioritetul
mimarTulebebSi kulturis zogadad da konkretulad tradiciuli rewvis ganviTarebis
deklarirebas SesaZloa am mimarTulebiTac Sedegebis momtani iyos.
8.2.5. kanoni saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb45
tradiciuli rewvis sferos regulaciisTvis mniSvnelovania "saavtoro da momijnave
uflebebis Sesaxeb" kanonic, romlis ixedviTac saavtoro ufleba vrceldeba
mecnierebis, literaturisa da xelovnebis nawarmoebebze, romlebic warmoadgens
inteleqtualur SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis Sedegs, ganurCevlad nawarmoebis
daniSnulebisa, avkargianobisa, Janrisa, moculobisa, gamoxatvis formisa da
saSualebisa. 46 saavtoro uflebebs ukavSirdeba nawarmoebis gamoyenebis ufleba,
„qonebrivi uflebebi“, romelic „tradiciuli rewvis“ da kulturuli industriebis
ganviTarebisaTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovani da yuradsaRebi faqtoria. aRniSnulidan
gamomdinare, tradiciuli rewvisa Tu kulturuli industriis funqcionireba mWidrod
aris dakavSirebuli saavtoro da momijnave uflebebTan, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos,
rom sruliad tradicili namuSevarze saavtoro ufleba ar registrirdeba, radgan is
sajaro sakuTrebaa. am SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba warmoSobis adgilis registracia, rac
45 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 46 "საავტორო და მომიჯნავე უფლებების შესახებ" საქართველოს კანონი,
sagadasaxad
o motivacia
Semowirul
obebi
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
44
garkveuli regionisTvis damaxasiaTebeli rewvis produqciis brendirebis kidev erTi
saSualeba SeiZleba iyos. Tumca raime kriteriumebi rodis eniWeba tradiciuli rewvis
nimuSebs saavtoro uflebebi gansazRvruli ar aris.
8.2.6. regulaciebi bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb47
mSvnelovani iuridiuli problemaa dakavSirebuli bunebrivi resursebiT
sargeblobasTan. dRes arsebuli mdgomareobiT raime saxis gancalkevebuli regulaciebi
tradiciuli rewvis sferos mimarT dawesebuli ar aris, Sesabamisad moqmedebs
Cveulebrivi mkacrad regulirebuli procedurebi. 48 magaliTisaTvis: tradiciuli
sawnaxelis dasamzadeblad saWiro mrgvali moris mosapoveblad, aucilebelia
Sesabamisi xis moWris specialuri nebarTvis, licenziis floba, rac sawnaxelis
ostatisTvis zemoxsenebuli masalis mopovebis SesaZleblobas faqtiurad gamoricxavs.
analogiuri situaciaa bunebrivi wiaRiseulis kuTxiTac, keramikuli masalis (maT Soris
qvevrebis) dasamzadeblad aucilebeli Tixis mosapovebladac analogiuri bunebrivi
resursiT sargeblobis licenziaa aucilebeli. aRniSnuli situacia sakmaod rTul
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs ostatebs.
sasurvelia, gaTvaliswinebuli iyos tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi momuSve ostatebis
mier bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba garkveuli SeRavaTebiTa da
specialuri nebarTvebis gareSe. isvev rogorc es SeRavaTi dawesebulia bunebrivi
resursebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebul samecniero da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo
saqmianobas mimarTebaSi49;
8.2.7. saxelmwifo politikis Sefaseba tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi50
raime saxis dokumenti, sadac asaxuli iqneboda saxelmwifo politika aramaterialuri
kulturuli memkvidreobis, aseve tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi, romliTac dadgenili
iqneboda saxelmwifos damokidebuleba tradiciuli rewvis mimarT, (romlis arsebobac
parizis 2003 wlis konvenciiT saxelmwifos erT-erT valdebulebad aris gansazRvruli),
samwuxarod amJamad ar arsebobs. Sedegad, am sferoSi arsebul samarTlebriv vakuums,
saxelmwifo politikis ararsebobac emateba.
realurad bundovania aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis gamovlenis,
Sefasebisa da aRricxvis kriteriumebi, gaurkvevelia "Zeglis" statusis misaniWeblad
aucilebeli niSnebi. ar arsebobs samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi, regulaciebi da reJimebi.
aqedan gamomdinare ucnobia ra samarTlebriv Sedegebs iwvevs aramaterialuri
kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtisaTvis Tundac "Zeglis" statusis miniWeba an/da misi
pasportizacia.
realurad, winaswar dagegmili samuSao gegma an/da grafiki aramaterialuri
kulturuli memkvidreobis Seswavlis Tu aRricxvis kuTxiT, aseve miznobrivad am
samuSaoze mimagrebuli jgufi an specialisti, saministroSi amJamad gansazRvruli ar
aris51.
47 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 48 ბუნებრივი რესურსებით სარგებლობისათვის მოსაკრებლის შესახებ საქართველოს კანონი 49 ბუნებრივი რესურსებით სარგებლობისათვის მოსაკრებლის შესახებ საქართველოს კანონის მე7 მუხლი 50 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 51 2013 wels saqarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli saagentos iniciativiTa da “kulturis da menejmentis
laboratoriisa” da eqspertTa jgufis mier Seiqmna aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonproeqti.
aRniSnuli kanonproeqtis samuSao jgufis wevri iyo xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centris TanamSromeli da
aRniSnuli kvlevis Tanaavtori ana SanSiaSvili, ramac, Tavis mxriv, saSualeba Seqmna kvlevis Sedegad
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
45
saxelmwifo dafinansebis kuTxiT Tu SevafasebT, 2013 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis
Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba Zalwe mwirad
moixsenieba.
saqarTvelos kanoni "2013 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb", 8.3
”kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva da samuzeumo sistemis srulyofa (programuli kodi 33 04)"
materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis, kulturis uZravi da moZravi Zeglebis kulturul RirebulebaTa aRricxva;
es Canaweri Zalzed zogadia, amasTan, masSi ar aris gamijnuli materialuri da
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis aRricxva/pasportizaciisaTvis gamoyofili
saxsrebi, maTi odenoba an Sefardeba. Sesabamisad, ra dafinanseba gamoiyofa swored
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis aRricxvisaTvis sruliad gaugebaria,
savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom am programiT gaTvaliswinebuli sufsidia mxolod
materialuri memkvidreobis aRricxvas moxmardes, an sulac am programis sxva muxlebis
dasafinanseblad iqnas gamoyenebuli, sadac aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba
nominaluradac ar figurirebs.
amave kanonis muxl 8.3.2 gaweril programaSi “kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva” (kodi 33
04 02) arsebuli CamonaTvali ZiriTadad materialur memkvidreobazea orientirebuli,
maSin rodesac aramaterialuri Zeglebi saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis
ganuyofel nawils warmoadgens.
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva (programuli kodi 33 04 02)
saqarTvelos arqiteqturuli kompleqsebis (istoriuli dasaxlebebisa da qalaqebis), kulturuli memkvidreobis calkeuli nimuSebis dacva da reabilitacia;
muzeumebisa da muzeum-nakrZalebis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gaumjobeseba, teqnikuri xelSewyoba da maTi srulyofili funqcionirebisaTvis Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmna;
samuzeumo koleqciebis diagnostika, eqsponatTa restavracia, aRricxva, inventarizacia da pasportizacia;
kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa mdgomareobis kontrolis, prevenciuli konservaciisa da riskisaTvis mzadyofnis mizniT efeqtiani meqanizmebis Seqmna;
erTiani sainformacio sistemis/sivrcis Seqmnis mizniT kulturuli memkvidreobis monacemTa bazis Sevseba;
kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa/kompleqsTa konservacia-restavracia momavali TaobebisaTvis SesanarCuneblad da turizmisaTvis mimzidveli garemos Sesaqmnelad;
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba da UNESCO-s valdebulebebis Sesruleba;
SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebis kanonproeqtSi integrirebisa. materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli
memkvidreobis dacvis meqanizmebis gansxvavebuli specifikidan gamomdinare, (Tu pirveli dacvaSi metwilad
gulisxmobs aRmkveT RonisZiebebs, meore SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi dacvis meqanizmi ganaTlebis stimulirebasa da
sxva xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebis gatarebaSi mdgomareobs), kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs “kulturuli
memkvidreobis kanonSi” cvlilebas da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonis calke gamoyofas.
amJamad, mimdinareobs kanonis samuSao versiis ganxilva sxvadasxva samTavrobo struqturebTan.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
46
qveynis farglebis gareT arsebul saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa monitoringi, Seswavla, Sesabamis saxelmwifoebTan erTad erToblivi RonisZiebebis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba.
zemoxsenebuli Canawerebis garda sxva programuli dafinansebebi kulturis dargSi
zogad xasiaTs atarebs da am sferos yvela dargs aerTianebs. aramaterialuri
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis, popularizaciis, xelSewyobis, miTumetes
tradiciuli rewvis sferos ganviTareba/waxalisebis kuTxiT biujetSi programuli
dafinanseba gansazRvruli ar aris.
tradiciuli rewvis dafinansebi wyaroebis SezRudva aseve ganpirobebulia
qvelmoqmedebis Sesaxeb kanonis, kulturis dafinansebisTvis dabegvris gansakuTrebuli
reJimebis ararsebobiT, rac faqtiurad blokavs biznes seqtoridan kulturaSi da maT
Soris tradiciul rewvaSi saxsrebis Semodinebas.
kidev erTi normatiuli aqti saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi, sadac
dafiqsirebulia „tradiciuli rewva“ aris 2010 wlis 25 ivnisis saqarTvelos mTavrobis
№172 dadgenilebiT „saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww. saxelmwifo
strategiis damtkicebisa da saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis samTavrobo komisiis
Seqmnis Sesaxeb„ - damtkicebuli saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww.
saxelmwifo strategia, sadac „xalxuri rewva“, rogorc kulturuli turizmis
Semadgeneli erT-erTi segmenti strategiul mimarTulebad aris miCneuli da
aRiarebulia saxelmwifos valdebulebebis misi ganviTarebis xelSewyobis kuTxiT.
saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww. saxelmwifo strategia, muxli 5.2. 5.2. turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba 3. saWiroa, SemuSavdes Sesabamisi meqanizmebi turizmis seqtoris diversificirebisa da Sida turizmis ganviTarebis mizniT, romlebic xels Seuwyobs turizmis sxvadasxva saxeobis ganviTa-rebas qveyanaSi, maT Soris:
– kulturuli turizmi (istoria, xuroTmoZRvreba, xelovneba, xalxuri rewva, religiuri turebi);
am Canaweris miuxedavad raime moqmedebebi an saxelmwifo aqtivoba „xalxuri rewvis“
waxalisebis, mxardaWeris an ganviTarebis kuTxiT jer ar dafiqsirebula.
8.3. adamianuri resursebi
8.3.1. SromiTi resursebi
kvlevis erT-erT mizans warmoadgenda tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli adamianuri
resursebis Sefaseba. rogorc meTodologiis aRwerisas aRiniSna, savele samuSaoebis
warmoebas win uswrebda seqtoris winaswari Sefaseba da erTiani sawyisi bazis Seqmna,
romelSic Sevida 1178 individi da 37 sawarmo. dakavSireba moxda individebis 43%-Tan da
sawarmoTa 85%-Tan. kvlevis msvlelobisas gamoikveTa ori tendencia:
vinaidan arsebuli bazebi Sedgenili iyo sxvadasxva organizaciis mier drois
sxvadasxva monakveTSi da gansxvavebuli miznebisTvis, gaerTianebulma bazam moicva
ostatebis farTo speqtri, romelTa nawili scdeboda winamdebare kvlevisTvis
SemuSavebul CarCos. kerZod ver akmayofilebda “tradiciuli rewvis” miRebul
definicias an ar eweoda samewarmeo saqmianobas. aravalidur kontaqtTa kidev erT
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
47
nawils warmoadgendnen erTeulebi, romlebmac Sewyvites tradiciul rewvaSi TavianTi
saqmianoba da uaxloes momavalSi ar apirebdnen mis ganaxlebas. sul aravaliduri
kontaqtebi Seadgenda dakavSirebulTa 13.44%. (ix. grafiki 2.). sawarmoebis winaswari baza
SedarebiT zusti aRmoCnda, aravalidurTa ricxvi am kategoriaSi mxolod 6.6%-s
Seadgenda.
grafiki 2. dakavSirebul pirTa validurad da aravalidurad ganawileba
meore tendencia iyo axali “saxelebis” gamovlena. savele samuSaoebis warmoebisas
xdeboda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis damatebiTi gamokiTxva bazaSi araregistrirebuli
pirebis mosaZieblad. uxeSi daSvebiT, am gziT gamovlinda daaxloebiT ostatTa 10% da
sawarmoTa 5%.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom savele samuSaoebis win, dazustebuli bazebis uqonlobis gamo
ver moxerxda SerCevis CarCos gansazRvra, ris gamoc Catarebul gamokiTxvas
reprezentatiulad ver miviCnevT. Tumca, kvlevam moicva saqarTvelos yvela regioni da
pirveladi bazis 44.6%, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom gamokiTxvis Sedegad
gamovlenili tendenciebi validuria gamokiTxvis miRma darCenili simravlisTvisac. am
mosazrebas amyarebs gamokiTxvis Semdeg, 2013 wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli Tvisobrivi
kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli suraTic.
tradiciuli rewva, misi specifikidan da, aseve, saqarTveloSi arsebuli dargobrivi da
organizaciuli struqturidan gamomdinare, ar warmoadgens did “damsaqmebels”.
gamokiTxuli ostatebis umetesoba (84%) muSaobs marto, damxmareebis gareSe da mxolod
16% sargeblobs sxva pirebis anazRaurebadi SromiT. “individualur damsaqmebelTa~
76.7% asaqmebs sam adamianze naklebs da mxolod 23% samze met adamians.
sferoSi moRvawe sawarmoebic ZiriTadad mcire zomisaa. maT umetesobaSi (85.7%) mxolod
6-10 dasaqmebulia, xolo 14.3% asaqmebs 10-dan 15-mde adamians. (ixiliT grafiki 3)
samwuxarod, kvlevis dros yuradReba ar gamaxvilebula sawarmoebis Tu individualuri
mewarmeebis mier dasaqmebulTa Sesasrulebel samuSaoze, rac ar iZleva maTi
kvalifikaciis gansazRvris saSualebas.
amgvarad, zemoT moyvanil monacemebze dayrdnobiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tradiciuli
rewvis individualuri ostatebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi dReisaTvis daaxloebiT 960
13.44
12.06
74.51
პირები რომლებიც არ ან აღარ მუშაობენ ტრადიციული რეწვის სფეროში პირები რომლებიც მუშაობენ მაგრამ ვერ/არ იღებენ შემოსავალს ვალიდური პირები
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
48
Seadgens, xolo sawarmoTa raodenoba 40-mdea. maT mier dasaqmebulTa saerTo raodenoba
daaxloebiT 540-ia, Sesabamisad, tradiciuli rewvis produqciis SeqmnaSi sul Cabmulia
daaxloebiT 1500 adamiani.
grafiki 3 tradiciuli rewvis sawarmoTa procentuli ganawileba
dasaqmebulTa raodenobis mixedviT
rogorc vxedavT, mdidari tradiciebis da seqtoris didi potencialis miuxedavad
tradiciul rewvaSi dasaqmebulTa saerTo ricxvi saqarTvelos SromiTi resursebis
mxolod 0.07% Seadgens. Tumca aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqtic, rom ver moxerxda
tradiciuli rewvis “momsaxure” dargebSi dasaqmebulTa raodenobis Sefaseba. mizezebze,
romlebic ganapirobebs tradiciuli rewvis mokrZalebul rols saqarTvelos
ekonomikaSi, momdevno TavebSi ufro detalurad iqneba saubari.
wina periodis statistikuri masalis uqonlobis gamo SeuZlebelia msjeloba
dasaqmebulTa raodenobis dinamikaze. sabWoTa periodSi arsebuli tradiciuli rewvis
gaerTianeba “solani”-is gen. direqtor zurab ugulavasTan siRrmiseuli intervius
dros aRiniSna, rom mxolod am gaerTianebaSi gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi
dasaqmebuli iyo 7000 adamiani, rac TiTqmis 4.5-jer aRemateba seqtorSi dRes
dasaqmebulTa ricxvs. es monacemi sagulisxmoa, Tumca, ar warmoadgens realur
Sesadarebel sidides, radgan SeuZlebelia Sefasdes “solani”-s mier gamoSvebul
produqciaSi tradiciuli rewvis realuri wili, im gansazRvrebiT, romelsac
winamdebare kvleva eyrdnoba. amasTanave sabWoTa ekonomika, misi marTvis modelidan
gamomdinare, obieqturad ar asaxavda da ar pasuxobda arsebul moTxovnas. Sesabamisad,
calkeuli sferoebis ganviTareba xdeboda xelovnurad, saxelmwifo subsidirebis gziT,
rac SeuZlebels xdis sistemis gareT dargis ganviTarebis tendenciis dadgenas.
am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli pirebis analizi wlebis
mixedviT. kvlevam aCvena, rom 2006 wlamde dargisadmi interesi mcirdeboda, magram
bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli ostatebis procentulma wilma
23.3%-s miaRwia, rac 5.2% -iT aRemateboda wina periodis maCvenebels. sawarmoTa
SemTxvevaSi mudmivi matebis tendencia gamovlinda, Tumca 2007-2012 wlebis periodSi es
zrda gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo da 53.3% Seadgina.
37.1
22.9
25.7
14.3
%
1-3 დასაქმებული
4-5 დასაქმებული
6-10 დასაქმებული
10+ დასაქმებული
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
49
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom aRniSnuli piki garkveulwilad 2008-2009 wlebSi
saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis maCveneblis mkveTr zrdas (13.3%-dan 16.9%-mde) (cxrili 3)
ukavSirdeba, vinaidan, sfero tradiciulad warmoadgens damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaros
da mcire sawyisi danaxarjebis gamo xSirad TviTdasaqmebis yvelaze xelmisawvdom
saSualebas. am periodSi tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli ostatebis 67.8% swored
ekonomikurad yvelaze aqtiur (26-55 weli) asakobriv jgufze modis.
grafiki 4. gamokiTxulTa Soris tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli
ostatebis da sawarmoTa ganawileba staJis mixedviT
aseve savaraudoa, rom rewvaSi “axalmosulTa” procentul matebaze garkveuli gavlena
iqonia tradiciuli rewvis produqciaze gazrdilma moTxovnam, rac ganpirobebuli iyo
erTis mxriv saqarTveloSi daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri
xelfasis zrdiT da, Sesabamisad, mosaxleobis msyidvelobiTi unaris mcired amaRlebiT
(grafiki 5) da meores mxriv _ Semosuli ucxoeli turistebis, rეwvis produqciis erT-
erTi mTavari momxmareblis - raodenobis mkveTri matebiT. (cxrili 3)
sawarmoebis SemTxvevaSi TiTqmis 40%-iani matebis damatebiTi wamaxalisebeli piroba
iyo kanonmdeblobis gasamartiveblad gatarebuli farTo reformebi, romlis Sedegad
saqarTveloSi araformaluri seqtoris sidide bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi
mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. aRuricxavi warmoebis wilma 2004 wlis 32%-dan 2010 wels 22%-
mde daiklo. yvela es reforma mimarTuli iyo ekonomikuri zrdis xelSewyobisken, iseTi
sakanonmdeblo CarCos Seqmnisken, romelic legalur bizness waaxalisebda52.
cxrili 3. dasaqmeba da umuSevroba53
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ეკონომიკურად აქტიური მოსახლეობა
(სამუშაო ძალა), ათასი კაცი 2023.9 2021.8 1965.3 1917.8 1991.8 1944.9 1959.3 2029.1
დასაქმებული, ათასი კაცი 1744.6 1747.3 1704.3 1601.9 1656.1 1628.1 1664.2 1724.0
52 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 3. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ekonmikuri kvlevis angariSi. ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centri 2013 53 statistikis sammarTvelos veb-gbverdi http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=145&lang=geo
2.40%
20.90% 17.10%
26.50% 31.60%
1.60% 6.70%
53.30%
20.00%
13.30%
6.70%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
< 1 წელი 1 - 5 წელი 6 - 10 წელი
11 - 20 წელი
> 20 წელი მიჭირს პასუხის გაცემა
ინდ.ოსტატები
იურიდ.პირები
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
50
უმუშევარი, ათასი კაცი 279.3 274.5 261.0 315.8 335.6 316.9 295.1 305.1
უმუშევრობის დონე, პროცენტებში 13.8 13.6 13.3 16.5 16.9 16.3 15.1 15.
grafiki 5. daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri
minimaluri xelfasi saqarTveloSi32
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
51
cxrili 4. Semosuli turistebis dinamika wlebis mixedviT54
wlebi 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
turistebis
raodenoba 559,753 763,231 1,051,749 1,290,108 1,500,049 2,031,717 2,822,363 4,389,256
8.3.2. sqesobriv-asakobrivi, erovnuli da socialuri struqtura
kvlevis Sedegebis analizma aCvena, rom tradiciul rewvaSi qalebis procentuli wili
ufro maRalia, vidre qveynis saSualo maCvenebeli. maTze modis dargSi dasaqmebulTa
62.3% maSin, rodesac qalebi mTeli mosaxleobis 52.3%-s Seadgenen. ganviTarebadi
qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT, msgavsi disbalansi arc qalebis maRali umuSevrobiT aris
ganpirobebuli, vinaidan saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT
umuSevrobis done qalebSi ufro dabalia, vidre mamakacebSi.
grafiki 6 umuSevrobis done sqesobriv WrilSi55
msgavsi ganawileba ar SeiZleba aixsnas arc sferos specifikiT, vinaidan saqarTvelos
tradiciuli rewva sakmaod mravalferovania da aerTianebs rogorc qalebis, aseve
mamakacebis dasaqmebis tradiciul dargebs. Tumca, tradiciul rewvaSi arsebuli
dabali Semosavlebi udaod amcirebs mamakacebis interess sferosadmi da ganapirobebs
qalTa siWarbes, vinaidan, rogorc wesi, saqarTveloSi qalebi mamakacebze xSirad arian
Cabmuli mcire damatebiTi Semosavlis momtan saqmianobaSi. aRniSnuli tendenciebi kidev
ufro ganmtkicda post-sabWoTa periodSi ekonomikur saqmianobaSi qalTa rolis
gaaqtiurebiT. aqtiur mosaxleobaSi TviTdasaqmebulTa procentuli ganawilebis
statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT TviTdasaqmebul qalTa procenti qalTa samuSao
ZalaSi 1998-2012 ww. TiTqmis mudmivad uswrebs kacebis maCvenebels (grafiki 7).
54 saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis vebgverdi http://gnta.ge/stats/portal/ 55 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=148&lang=geo
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
52
grafiki 7. TviTdasaqmebulTa procenti aqtiur mosaxleobaSi (samuSao Zala) ganawileba
qalebsa da kacebSi56
gansxvavebulia qalTa da mamakacTa dasaqmebis suraTi teqnologiuri jgufebis
mixedviT. rogorc grafiki 8-ze da 9-ze Cans, teqstili naTlad aris gamokveTili
rogorc “qalTa dargi”, xolo xis da liTonis damuSaveba rogorc “mamakacTa dargebi”.
minanqris damuSavebaსა da keramikaSi sqesobrivi ganawileba met-naklebad Tanabaria.
grafiki 8. qalebis dasaqmeba teqnologiuri jgufebis mixedviT
56 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=148&lang=geo
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ქალები
კაცები
76.50%
5.56%
0.43% 10.68%
3.85%
2.99% 0.43% 2.56% 0.43% 0.43% 0.85%
ტექსტილი
კერამიკა
მინა
მინანქარი
ხის დამუშ.
ტყავის დამუშ.
ქაღალდის დამუშ.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
53
grafiki 9. kacebis dasaqmeba teqnologiuri jgufebis mixedviT
8.3.3. asakobrivi struqtura
tradiciuli rewvis asakobrivi struqtura ZiriTadad emTxveva saqarTvelos
ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis struqturas, Tumca aris rigi gansxvavebuli
tendenciebi. tradiciuli rewvis ostatebSi yvelaze aqtiurad 36-45 wlamde (25.9%) da
45-55 wlamde (26.7 %) asakobrivi jgufebia warmodgenili, rac jamurad 10.79%-iT maRalia
am jgufebis wilze saqarTvelos ekonomikurad aqtiur mosaxleobSi. 35 wlamde asakis
da 56 welze xandazmulTa asakobriv jgufebSi SeimCneva mcire “CamorCena” saqarTvelos
saSualo maCveneblebTan _ Sesabamisad, 5.9% da 5%. Tuki am tendenciebs daveyrdnobiT,
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tradiciuli rewva sakmaod mniSvnelovania yvelaze aqtiuri asakis
warmomadgenelTa dasaqmebisTvis, xolo axalgazrdebis interesi SedarebiT mcirea.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom mamakacebSi maRalia 56-65 da >66 asakobrivi jgufebis wilic,
Sesabamisad 26.24% da 14.18% maSin, rodesac qalebSi am asakobriv jgufebze mxolod
9.44% da 4.29% modis. aRniSnuli garemoeba savaraudod 56 welze zemoT mamakacebSi
TviTdasaqmebis gazrdili aucileblobiT aris ganpirobebuli.
8.3.4. erovnuli struqtura
kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli suraTis Sesabamisad tradiciuli rewvis ostatTa erovnuli
struqtura erTgvarovania. gamokiTxulTa 97.8% qarTvelia, 0.8% rusi, 0.8% somexi da
0.27% osi. aRsaniSnavia rom gamokiTxuli somexi ostatebis SemTxvevaSi mkveTrad iyo
gamoxatuli maTTvis tradiciuli teqnikis (qvaze kveTa, xeze Wra) da dizainis
gamoyeneba. gaerTianebul bazaSi aseve figurirebdnen azerbaijaneli ostatebi, Tumca
winaswari kontaqtiT gamovlinda, rom isini ar xvdebodnen winamdebare kvlevisTvis
SemuSavebul CarCoSi. savaraudoa, rom kvlevis miRma darCa erovnuli umciresobebis
validuri ostatebis nawili. Sesabamisd, momaval kvlevebSi erovnul struqturis
dazustebis mizniT sasurveli iqneboda damatebiTi wyaroebis moZieba erovnuli
umciresobis warmomadgenelTa gamosavlenad.
0.70%
11.19% 1.40%
11.89%
53.85%
0.70%
0.70%
26.57%
9.79%
6.29% 1.40%
ტექსტილი კერამიკა მინა მინანქარი ხის დამუშ. ტყავის დამუშ. ქაღალდის დამუშ. ლითონის დამუშ. ქვის/ძვლის დამუშ. შერეული სხვა
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
54
grafiki 10. tradiciuli rewvis ostatTa asakobrivi struqtura
grafiki 11 saqarTvelos ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba
asakobriv WrilSi
2.80
5.59
5.59
18.88
26.57
26.57
13.99
0.85
6.41
21.79
29.91
27.35
9.40
4.27
1.59
6.10
15.65
25.73
27.06
15.92
7.96
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00
16-18
19-25
26-35
36-45
46-55
56-65
>66
%
ასაკ
ობრ
ივი
ჯგუ
ფებ
ი
მთლიანად რეწვაში
ქალი
კაცი
1.81
8.36
19.06
19.57
22.43
16.15
12.63
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
15-19
20-25
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
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tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
55
8.3.5. socialuri struqtura
kvlevis dros gamokiTxulTa miRma darCa ostatTa socialuri mdgomareoba. marTalia
statistikuri monacemebis uqonlobis gamo Znelia Sefasebis gakeTeba, magram savele
muSa jgufis dakvirvebiT SeiZleba gamoiyos ramdenime tendencia:
• tradiciul rewvaSi, TviTdasaqmebis mizniT, xSirad erTvebian diasaxlisebi,
umuSevrebi da pensionerebi.
• tradiciuli rewva garkveul rols TamaSobs SezRuduli unarebis mqone,
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da sxva mowyvladi jgufebis dasaqmebaSi. maTi CarTva
ZiriTadad am jgufebTan momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis bazaze xdeba.
8.3.6. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi
saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis potenciali srulad ar aris gamoyenebuli. amJamad
sferoSi dasaqmebulia daaxloebiT 1500 individi, rac saqarTvelos ekonomikurad
aqtiuri mosaxleobis mxolod 0.07%-s Seadgens;
tradiciuli rewva gamoirCeva qalTa aqtivobiT, rac mniSvnelovanwilad ganpirobebulia
dargSi dabali SemosavlebiT da saqarTveloSi qalTa aqtiuri roliT TviTdasaqmebaSi;
calsaxad ikveTeba sferoTi axalgazrdebis dabali daintereseba, rac tradiciuli
rewvis rigi dargebis “daberebas” (gansakuTrebiT kacebis dasaqmebis dargebi) iwvevs,
aferxebs Taobidan Taobaze codnis gadacemas da tradiciuli teqnikebis dakargvis
saSiSroebas qmnis.
tradiciuli rewvis erovnuli struqtura ZiriTadad erTgvarovania, qarTvelebi
Seadgenen 97.8%, Tumca erovnuli struqtura dazustebas moiTxovs
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi arasamTavro organizaciebis mier mas mniSvnelovani
roli eniWeba SezRuduli unarebis mqone, iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da sxva
mowyvladi jgufebis dasaqmebaSi.
8.4. regionaluri gavrceleba
saqarTveloSi mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebis erT-erTi problema misi
uTanasworo geografiuli ganawilebaa – registrirebul kompaniaTa 45% TbilisSi
mdebareobs. es tendencia tradiciul rewvaSic SeiniSneba, Tumca nakleb Zlierad.
kvlevaze dayrdnobiT seqtoris geografiuli ganawileba SeiZleba Semdegnairad
Sefasdes:
individualur ostatTa didi nawili, daaxloebiT 26%, TbilisSi cxovrobs, Tumca
mosaxleobaSi ostatTa procentuli SemadgenlobiT Tbiliss saSualo maCvenebeli aqvs.
am maCveneblis sididiT gamoirCeva raWa-leCxumi, qvemo svaneTi da guria, aseve mcxeTa-
mTianeTi, aWara da samcxe-javaxeTi. naTelia, rom saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvis
ZiriTadi “mizidulobis” arealebi mTiani regionebia, rac upirveles yovlisa,
saqarTvelos mTianeTSi tradiciebis siZlieriT aris ganpirobebuli.
rac Seexeba sawarmoebs, maTi ricxvi TavisTavad Zalze mcirea da ganzogadebis gakeTeba
rTulia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gamokiTxul sawarmoTa daaxloebiT 26% ganlagebulia
TbilisSi, xolo danarCeni TiTqmis Tanabradaa ganawilebuli qveynis sxva mxareebze.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
56
graf
iki
12. trad
iciu
li r
ewvis o
stat
Ta pr
ocentuli maCvenebel
i mT
lian mosax
leo
baS
i
reg
ionebis
mix
edviT
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
57
marTalia tradiciuli rewva, rogorc TviTdasaqmebis da damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaro,
gansakuTrebiT “mimzidveli” unda iyos soflis mosaxleobisTvis, magram ostatebis
gamokiTxvis analizi aCvenebs, rom ostatTa mxolod 28% ar cxovrobs urbanul zonaSi,
maSin rodesac mTlianad mosaxleobis 46.8% soflis mosaxlea. es, sxva mizezebTan
erTad, mniSvnelovanwilad gamowveulia distribuciis arxebis ararsebobiT (ix. Tavi
8.8.6), rac soflis mosaxleobisTvis nawarmis bazarze moxvedras Zalian aZnelebs da
Sesabamisad, aferxebs maT Cabmas amgvar ekonomikur saqmianobaSi.
tradiciuli rewvis geografiul ganawilebaSi aseve SeiZleba aRiniSnos saqarTvelos
mxareebis mier maTTvis istoriulad damaxasiaTebeli dargebis SenarCuneba. ase
magaliTad, mTian raionebSi: svaneTi, aWara, raWa kvlav dominirebs xis damuSaveba,
imereTSi farTod aris gavrcelebuli keramikis warmoeba da a.S.
8.4.1. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi
tradiciuli rewvis regionaluri ganviTareba SedarbiT Tanabaria, Tumca mosaxleobaSi
trdiciulir rewvis ostatebis wiliT gamoirCeva raWa-leCxumi, qvemo svaneTi da guria,
aseve mcxeTa-mTianeTi, aWara da samcxe-javaxeTi. naTelia, rom saqarTveloSi tradiciul
rewvis ZiriTadi “mizidulobis” arealebi mTiani regionebia
ganuviTarebeli infrastruqturis gamo tradiciuli rewva ver asrulebs Tavis rols
regionebis da, kerZod, sasoflo dasaxlebebis ganviTarebaSi, razedac metyvelebs misi
koncentracia urbanul zonaSi (mwarmoebelTa 72%).
8.5. mwarmoeblebis struqtura samewarmeo statusis mixedviT
kvlevam daadastura winasawari molodini, rom tradiciuli rewvis mwarmoebelTa
umetesoba individualuri piria. amasTan, maTi 65.8% ar aris daregistrirebuli
sagadasaxado bazaSi, 19.6% registrirebulia rogorc ind. mewarme, xolo 14.6% rogorc
mewarme fizikuri piri. registraciis aseTi dabali maCvenebeli, upirveles yovlisa,
ostatebisTvis sagadasaxado uwyebasTan urTierTobis problemurobiT aixsneba. erTi
mxriv, maT ar aqvT saTanado codna registraciis aucileblobis, arsebuli statusebis,
Semdgomi angariSgebis sistemis Sesaxeb, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, registraciisadmi
erTgvar SiSs da undoblobas iwvevs; meore mxriv, regionSi mcxovrebi ostatebisTvis
registraciis da angariSgebis procedura damatebiT garTulebulia sagadasaxado
uwyebis maT dasaxlebul punqtSi ararsebobiT da internetis naklebi
xelmisawvdomobiT. fokus jgufebSi muSaobisas aseve gamovlinda, rom is ostatebic ki,
romlebic daregistrirebulni arian da yovelwliurad awarmoeben saTanado
angariSgebas, bolomde ver erkvevian arsebuli statusebis upiratesobebSi da aRricxvis
Tu angariSgebis niuansebSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom daregistrirebulTa Pprocentuli wili mniSvnelovnad didia
TbilisSi. aq cxovrobs daregistrirebuli ostatebis 47.2%. aseve maRalia TbilisSi
mcxovrebi ostatebis registraciis maCvenebelic - 49.5%. dedaqalaqis gareT situacia
mkveTrad icvleba. aq gamokiTxul ostatTa mxolod 26.7%-ia daregistrirebuli.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvaSi CarTuli iuridiuli pirebis
raodenoba sakmaod mcirea. sawyis bazaSi mocemuli iyo 37 kontaqti, sul gamoikiTxa 31.
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tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
58
statusis TvalsazrisiT organizaciebis umetesoba – 38.7% daregistrirebulia rogorc
a(a)ipi. es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom tradiciulma rewvam mniSvnelovani datvirTva hpova
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis problematikaze
momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Tanmdev saqmianobaSi. Sps-ze modis 35.5%, xolo
25.8%-s faqtiurad ar gaaCniaT statusi, magram mikuTvnebul iqnen iuridiul pirebs
“garegani niSnebis” safuZvelze. aq ZiriTadad Sedis monastrebTan arsebuli
saxelosnoebi, saxelovnebo skolebSi arsebuli wreebi da a.S.
8.5.1. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi
sferos umetesi nawili realurad aRuricxavia, rac arTulebs ekonomikuri statistikis
warmoebas da aseve, dargis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri gegmisa da prognozebis gakeTebas.
amis mizezebad SeiZleba dasaxeldes:
a. naklebi gaTviTcnobierebuloba sagadasaxado statusebis da registraciis
aucileblobis/formebis Sesaxeb;
b. bundovani da rTulad gasagebi sagadasaxado kodeqsi, romelic sagadasaxado
uwyebasTan urTierTobis SiSsac ki iwvevs.
g. regionebSi, gansakuTrebiT soflad mcxovrebi ostatebisTvis sagadasaxado
uwyebasTan urTierTobis damatebiTi satransporto da drois danaxarjebTan kavSiri.
8.6. dargobrivi struqtura
rogorc aRiniSna, winamdebare kvleva warmoebda winaswar identificirebuli 10
teqnologiuri jgufis da 22 teqnikis mixedviT. kvlevam aCvena, rom dReisaTvis
saqarTveloSi yvela maTgani “cocxalia”, Tumca mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi arsebobs
maT gavrcelebaSi. Tu erTi teqnika farTod aris gavrcelebuli da misi Taobidan
Taobaze gadacema aqtiurad mimdinareobs, magaliTad Teqa, zogieri teqnika Zalze
iSviaTad gvxvdeba da gaqrobis seriozuli safrTxis winaSe dgas, mag. meabreSumeoba
(ixileT grafiki 13)
8.6.1. teqstili
saqarTveloSi yvelaze gavrcelebul teqnologiur jgufs teqstili warmoadgens. is
yvelaze mravalferovania qsovilis damuSavebis teqnologiuri qvedargebis
TvalsazrisiTac, romelTagan yvelaze gavrcelebulia Telva, dazgaze qsova, naqargoba,
moCiTuli qsovili, CxiriTa da yaisnaRiT qsova da kerva. yoveli maTgani, Tavis mxriv,
sxvadasxva teqnikebisgan (mag. dazgaze qsova: fardagi, xaliCa, gobeleni da mravali
sxva) Sedgeba.
teqstilSi gamokiTxul ostatTa 49.07% muSaobs. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aRniSnuli
teqnologiuri jgufi ZiriTadad qalebis dasaqmebiT xasiaTdeba (99.06%). geografiuli
ganawilebis TvalsazrisiTac teqstili erT-erTi yvelaze Tanabri ganawilebiT
xasiaTdeba. Tumca, gamokiTxulTa Soris teqstiliT dakavebuli ostatebis
gansakuTrebiT maRali wili gamovlinda TbilisSi (43.03%). aseve mniSvnelovani adgili
ukavia samegrelo-zemo svaneTs (8.61%), mcxeTa-mTianeTs (8.61%) da kaxeTs (8.61%).
savaraudod kaxeTis procentuli wili realurad ufro maRalia, vinaidan alvanis
municipalitetSi (romelic tradiciulad fardagebis, CiTebis da a.S. qsovis centrs
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
59
warmoadgens) gamokiTxul ostatTa monacemebi statistikur analizSi ar yofila
gamoyenebuli.
didia teqstilis procentuli wili sawarmoTa Soris. sul gamokiTxul sawarmoTa 67%
awarmoebs teqstilis produqcias, magram niSandoblivia, rom 20 sawarmodan mxolod
oTxia Sps. danarCeni maTgani a(a)ip an monasterTan arsebuli saxelosnoebia.
grafiki 13. gamokiTxuli individualuri ostatebis
ganawileba teqnologiuri jgufebis mixedviT*
*SeniSvna: zogierTi individi muSaobs ramdenime teq. jgufSi. Sesabamisad jamuri % 100-s
aRemateba
cxrili 5. teqstilSi momuSave ostatTa % regionSi gamokiTxulTa Soris
მხარე % მხარე %
თბილისი 43.03 სამეგრელო-ზემოსვანეთი 8.61
ქვემო ქართლი 5.64 აჭარა 6.82
სამცხე-ჯავახეთი 6.53 შიდა ქართლი 6.82
იმერეთი 2.67 მცხეთა-მთიანეთი 8.61
გურია 1.78 კახეთი 8.61
რაჭა-ლეჩხუმი, ქვემო სვანეთი 0.88
49.07
8.75
0.53
11.94
22.81
1.86
0.53 10.88
3.98
2.92 1.06 ტექსტილი
კერამიკა
მინა
მინანქარი
ხის დამუშავება
ტყავის დამუშავება
ქაღალდის დამუშავება
ლითონის დამუშავება
ქვის/ძვლის დამუშავება
შერეული
სხვა
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
60
produqciis TvalsazrisiT am jgufSi ZiriTadad iwarmoeba tansacmeli, aqsesuarebi,
interieris aqsesuarebi (fardagi, xaliCa, kompoziciebi), saTamaSoebi. sul daaxloebiT
456 dasaxelebis jgufi gamoiyo. fasebis TvalsazrisiT, zogad saSualo maCveneblebTan
SedarebiT, produqcia naklebi fasisken miiswrafis. produqciis kategoriebis TiTqmis
80% 50 larze iafia da mxolod 3%-ia 500 larze Zviri.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens xelT ar arsebobs wina wlebis analogiuri monacemebi,
garkveuli teqnologiebis wilis zrda da zogierTi maTganis daqveiTebis tendencia
naTelia. amis saukeTeso magaliTad dReisaTvis Telvis teqnikis maRali procenti
SeiZleba moviyvanoT.
grafiki 14. teqstilis jgufSi warmoebuli produqciis
ganawileba fasebis mixedviT
grafiki 15. teqstilSi momuSave ostatTa ganawileba teqnikis mixedviT
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
<20
21-50
51-100
101-500
501-1000
>1000
%
ფას
ი ლ
არში
0.005.00
10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.00
%
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
61
8.6.2. Telva
bolo 5-7 wlis ganmavlobaSi SeimCneva Teqis gansakuTrebuli popularoba, rac
sxvadasxva faqtorebiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli. erTi mxriv, es aris internetSi
arsebuli farTo resursebi, sxva dargebTan SedarebiT Teqis teqnikis simartive da
naklebi Sromatevadoba, xolo meore mxriv, bolo wlebSi qalebis dasaqmebaze
orientirebul programebSi Teqis teqnikis swavlebis CarTva. Sesamabisad Teqis
teqnikaSi bevri “axalmosuli” ostati muSaobs: gamokiTxulTa 42% xuTi an naklebi
welia CarTulia tradiciul rewvaSi.
mniSvnelovani diversifikacia ganicada produqciam, tradiciul produqcias svanur
qudebs, nabdebs, fardagebs dRes Teqis produqciis mxolod mcire wili ukavia (avtorTa
mxolod 22% awarmoebs tradiciuli dizainis nimuSebs), ZiriTadi nawili ki
Tanamedrove samosi da aqsesuarebia, kerZod: Sarfebi, faCuCebi, Teqis saTamaSoebi,
yvavilebi, samkauli (mZivebi, Tmis samagrebi da a.S.), romelTac erTmaneTis msgavsi,
standartuli dizaini gaaCnia.
mniSvnelovnad gamartivda Telvis teqnika, rac gamoixateba nakeTobisTvis simyaris
misacemad saxameblis gamoyenebaSi (adre es xangrZlivi TelviT miiRweoda), da aseve
Teqis sxva qsovilebTan kombinirebSi.
TavisTavad produqciis diversifikacia, iseve rogorc teqnikaSi Tanamedrove
teqnologiebis gamoyeneba dadebiTi movlenaa, Tumca Telvis SemTxvevaSi naklebad
gamocdili kadrebis, axali tipis produqciis da gamartivebuli teqnikis gamoyenebis
erTobliobam umetes SemTxvevaSi Teqis produqciis zogadi xarisxi mniSvnelovnad
gaauaresa.
Teqis produqciis masobrivi xasiaTis miuxedavad qveynis masStabiT SemorCenilia
tradiciuli teqnilogiebi, mag. svaneTSi svanuri qudi, samegreloSi nabdebis Telvis
teqnologia, aseve stefanwmindaSi, pankisis xeobasa da alvanSi nabdebis, qudebis,
fardagebisa da cxenis Culebis Telva.
qeTevan xatiaSvili
Teqis saTamaSoebi
Tbilisi. tel.:597675863
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
62
jara niJaraZe
svanuri qudebis ostati
Jibiani, sof.uSguli, mestiis municipaliteti
tel.: +995 790955991
svanuri qudebis ostati jara niJaraZe svaneTis
ulamazes sofelSi uSgulSi cxovrobs. man qudebis
damzadeba dedisgan iswavla. ostati misi ojaxis
mamakecebisTvis bavSvobidan amzadebda svanur qudebs.
kargad moTelili qudi wylis dasalevad gamoiyeneboda.
es iyo simbolo mayvSis Zalauflebisa. sadResaswaulod
TeTr quds xmarobdnen, Savs _ samgvloviarod, xolo
ruxs _ yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.
“
lia da gulnaz qoTilaiZeebi
Teqis ostatebi
gulnaz da lia qoTilaiZeebi sofel lalisyurSi
cxovroben. ukve 13 welia erToblivad muSaoben Teqaze da
naruqze. debi qoTilaiZeebi Teqisgan da naruqisgan
dekoratiuli kedlis panoebs, Sarfebs, sanaTebs,
fardagebs da interieris gasaformebeli aqsesuarebs
qmnian. maTi namuSevrebi TavSekavebuli ferebiT, zomieri
kombinaciiT da Sesrulebis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeva.
Cveni namuSevrebis dizaini erTi SexedviT Tanamedrovea,
magram yvelaferi mainc Cveni fesvebidan modis. Teqaze
muSaobas sanam daviwyebdiT sofelSi mcxovreb xelsaqmeSi
gamocdili qalbatonebisgan miviReT codna qarTuli
tradiciuli ornamentis Sesaxeb. dRes rasac vakeTebT,
albaT Zvelis ganaxlebas vuwodebdi”
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
63
ZiriTadi masala kvlav matylia, rogorc adgilobrivi warmoSobis, ise importirebuli
(mirinosi). Tumca, rogorc ukve aRiniSna xSirad “safuZvlad” gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva
tipis qsovili, romelzec iTeleba matyli.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaziareba am dargSi Seexo mxolod
gamoyenebul masalas (merinosi, qimiuri saRebavebi) da ara aRWurvilobas. gamokiTxul
ostatTagan Telvis procesSi arc erTi maTgani ar iyenebs meqnikur danadgarebs, Tumca
magaliTad nepalSi farTod gamoiyeneba martivi xelis presebi, romlebic maRal
xarisxTan erTad mniSvnelovnad amcireben Sromis danaxarjebs.
Teqis produqciaSi didi adgili uWiravs saTamaSoebs, romlebic aseve metwilad
erTmaneTis msgavsia, Tumca arsebobs gamonaklisebic, romlebic maRali xarisxiTa da
saTamaSoebis dizainis originalurobiT xasiaTdeba.
8.6.3. naqargoba
teqstilis teqnologiuri qvedargebidan, gavrcelebis TvalsazrisiT meore adgilze
naqargobaa. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom naqargobaSi Teqis msgavsi radikaluri cvlilebebi ar
momxdara. am dargis produqciis fuqncionaluri jgufebi ZiriTadad kvlav tansacmeli,
aqsesuarebi (qudebi, samajuri, Tavsamkauli, a.S.), saeklesio da saojaxo nivTebia.
(sufrebi, xelsaxocebi). marTalia gvxvdeba funqcionaluri inovaciebi (mag. mobiluri
Casadebebi), magram produqciis realuri gamravalferovneba ar SeimCneva.
Tumca gamokiTxul ostatTa 85% tradiciuli dizainiT muSaobs, unda aRiniSnos, rom
naqargobaSi faqtiurad dakargulia saqarTvelos regionaluri gansxvavebebi. Warbobs
fSav-xevsureTisTvis tipiuri jvruli naqargoba, Sesabamisad sxva regionebis
damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebi naklebad aris warmodgenili. xevsuruli ornamentiT
formdeba mamakacis qudebi, mandilebi, CanTebi, qisebi, samajurebi, Tavsamkauli.
miuxedavad aRniSnuli popularobisa, xevsuruli samosisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
mravalferovneba: naqargobis, CanaWrulis (aplikaciis) da wvrili mZivis kombinacia,
rasac emateba Tavad naqargobis gansxvavebuli teqnikebis gamoyeneba, Tanamedrove
nawarmSi mxolod jvruli naqargobiTaa Canacvlebuli, rac mniSvnelovnad aRaribebs
maT dizains.
rogorc aRiniSna, ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba jvruli naqargoba, maSin rodesac wyliT,
oqromkerdiT qargva SedarebiT iSviaTia. Aoqromkerdis teqnika ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba
saeklesio daniSnulebis nivTebis mosarTavad, iSviaTad samkaulis an aqsesuarebis
gasaformeblad.
bazarze arsebuli naqargi produqciisTvis aseve damaxasiaTebelia funqciuri
kategoriebis da maTi formebis standartuloba, magaliTad, CanTebis, safuleebis da
sxva nivTebis tipiuri forma, romelic naklebad aris tradiciuli, Tumca amvadroulad
verc Tanamedrove bazris moTxovnas akmayofilebs (magaliTad. CanTis zoma, forma,
Sesakravi, sakidi. a.S.).
iseve, rogorc Teqis nawarmSi, naqarg produqciaSic xSirad vxvdebiT dabali xarisxis
namuSevrebs, rac gamoixateba feradovani Sexamebebis siWreleSi. es erTi mxriv,
ganpirobebulia importirebuli saqargavi Zafebis palitriT, romelic gansxvavdeba
tradiciuli bunebrivi saRebavebiT miRebuli TavSekavebuli feradovnebisgan, meore
mxriv Sromis ekonomiis mizniT gviritis zomis gazrdiT, rac aseve dabla swevs
produqciis dones.
saqargav safuZvlad gamoyenebuli kanvis SezRuduli arCevanis gamo, TiTqmis ucvlelad
dominirebs Savi foni, romelic tradiciulia, Tumca Zvel namuSevrebSi aseve gvxvdeba
lurjis, Sindisfris, RviZlisfris sxvadasxva tonebis fonad gamoyeneba, rasac iSviaTad
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
64
vnaxavT Tanamedrove produqciaSi. yovelive es garkveulwilad xels uwyobs produqciis
standartizacias.
uaRresad Sromatevadi saqmianobis gamo, naqargi xarisxiani produqcia sakmaod Zvirad
Rirebulia. gauTviTcnobierebeli myidvelisTvis gaweuli Sromis saTanado dafaseba
rTulia, rac saboloo jamSi maTi realizaciis problemas qmnis.
8.6.4. qsova
teqstilSi momuSave ostatebis 19% modis qsovaze. produqciis umetesoba CxirebiT aris
Sesrulebuli, daaxloebiT 20% yaisnaRiT naqsovia. funqcionaluri jgufebidan bazarze
ZiriTadad aqsesuarebia (qudebi, Sarfebi, windebi, CiTebi) warmodgenili. naqsov
produqciaSi Warbobs Sereuli dizainis nawarmi (48%), maSin rodesac tradiciul
dizainze _ 38%, xolo Tanamedroveze mxolod 14% modis. Sereuli dizainis
namuSevrebis siWarbe savaraudod bolo wlebSi Tanamedrove dizainis naqsov qudebze da
Sarfebze gaCenili moTxovnis Sedegia. tradiciuli
nimuSebi – windebi, CiTebi kvlav ucvleli saxiT
gvxvdeba, Tumca windebis SemTxvevaSi, ucxoeli
momxmareblis gemovnebaze morgebuli ufro mkveTri
ferebis Semosvla SeimCneva. gamoyenebuli masala
ZiriTadad Salis Zafia, Tumca aris bambis da
xelovnuri Zafebic.
adgilobrivi warmoebis Zafebis simwiris gamo saqsov
masalad ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba Semotanili Zafebi,
rac kidev ufro metad aZvirebs saboloo
produqciis fass.
saqarTvelos masStabiT ostatebis mxridan
matylisgan Zafis damzadebis mxolod erTeuli
SemTxvevaRa gvxvdeba.
8.6.5. dazgaze qsova
dazgaze qsova ZiriTadad fardagebis, xaliCebis da
gobelenis qsoviT aris warmodgenili. es
mimarTuleba mniSvnelovnad “dasustda” 90-iani
wlebis Semdeg, rodesac gardamavali ekonomikis
pirobebSi moxda arsebuli fabrikebis daxurva.
dReisaTvis teqstilSi momuSave gamokiTxul
ostatTa 10.5%-i dakavebulia dazgaze qsoviT.
metwilad iqsoveba fardagebi da gobelenebi. amasTan
aRsaniSnavia, rom gobelenis qsoviT ZiriTadad specialuri ganaTlebis mqone ostatebi
arian dakavebulni, xolo fardagebs xalxuri rewvis ostatebi da maTi mowafeebi qmnian.
savaraudod swored amitom fardagebSi da xaliCebSi tradiciuli ornamentebi da
dizaini Warbobs, xolo gobelenSi _ Tanamedrove.
saqarTveloSi mexaliCeobis tradiciebi SemorCenilia axalcixeSi, alvanSi,
dedofliswyaroSi, duSeTsa da siRnaRSi funcionirebs xaliCebis mcire fabrikebi da
saxelosnoebi.
funqciurad dazgaze naqsovi fardagebis garda vxvdebiT amave qsovilisgan Sekeril
CanTebsa da aqsesuarebs (dedofliswaro), romelTa dizainic sxvadasxva masalebis
kombinaciiT aris gamdidrebuli.
marina iWirauli, CiTebis ostati axmetis r-ni, sof. qv. alvani
tel.: +995 555464472
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
65
mariam JuJunaZe
(maro bebo)
qsovis ostati
misamarTi:sof. musxi,
axalcixis municipaliteti
tel: +995 599321432; +995 790284877
sofel musxSi jer kidev SemorCenilia mexaliCeobis uZvelesi
tradiciebi, romlis matarebelic cnobili ostati mariam JuJunaZea
(maro bebo).
maro bebo warmoSobiT aspinZis raionidan aris. matyli da Zafi misi
cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. ostati glexis ojaxSi daibada,
daamTavra skola, saeqTnoze undoda umaRlesSi Cabareba magram ver
moxvda.
`sofelSi rZis produqtebis aRmricxvelad vmuSaobi. 1955 wels
gavTxovdi garigebiT da 40 weli Cems qmarTan erTad vicxovre. qsova
bicolebisgan viswavle. Tavidan matylis CeCvas mavalebdnen,
mogvianebiT qsovac viswavle. omis dros ZiriTadi Sesamoseli
matylisgan ikereboda, omis dasrulebis Semdeg ki rodesac
tansacmlis qarxnuli warmoeba daiwyo meti matyli darCa sofelSi da
dedam gadawyvita fardagebis qsova dagvewyo. am dros skolaSic
vswavlobdi, skolis mere ki zogjer Ramis sam saaTamde dazgasTan
vijeqi da vqsovdi. Tavidan xaliCis Sua nawils deda qsovda kideebs ki
me. Zvel fardagebs exlac rom vuyureb zustad vici ra nawilia masSi
Cemi. mas mere, mTeli cxovrebis manZilze vqsov. bavSvi rom gamiCnda
akvani fexze mqonda gamobmuli da ise vqsovdi.~
maro babos saxelosnoSi saswavlebelia, sadac soflis axalgazrdebi swavloben xaliCebis xsovas. erTi ocneba
maqvs Cemi sikvdilis Semdeg es skola mainc arsebobdes, sxva mizani ar maqvs.”
maro bebo Tavisi kuTxis cocxali ganZia, romelsac gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis qarTuli tradiciebis
SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebaSi.
misi fardagebis fasi saSualod 600 laridan iwyeba, xaliCebis fasi ki 1500 laridan.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
66
art studio `fesvebi~”
xelmZRvaneli: nino baxutaSvili
misamarTi: 9 Zmis quCa # 18,
q. dedofliswyaro
tel/Tel: +995 555 561494
el-fosta: [email protected]
art-studio ” fesvebi” 2005 wels daarsda dedofliswyaroSi.
saxelosnos saqmianobis mTavari mizani Tavidanve iyo istoriul-
eTnografiul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT tradiciuli qiziyuri
xelsaqmis aRdgena-ganviTareba da adgilobrivi qalbatonebis
saqmianobaSi aqtiuri CarTva iyo. TiToeuli monawile mokle droSi
daeufla fardagisa da gobelenis qsovis sxvadasxva teqnikas, Teqis
moTelvas, misgan sxvadasxva aqsesuaris damzadebas. am samuSao-
saswavlo process qalbatoni nino baxutaSvili xelmZRvanelobs,
romelic qmnis dizains da saxelosnos saqmianobis ZiriTad
mimarTulebas gansazRvravs.
fesvebi” saxelosnoebis erT-erT im mcire ricxvs miekuTvneba,
romelsac bunebrivi saRebavebiT Rebvis didi gamocdileba aqvs.
eTnografiul masalaze dayrdnobiT maT aRadgines Rebvis
tradiciuli meTodbi,rolebic praqtikulad dakarguli iyo.
saxelosnoSi iqsoveba fardagebi, xurjinebi, CanTebi da sxva.
namuSevrebis dizaini tradiciulia, gamoyenebulia qarTuli
ornamenti, ferebi da ferTa kombinaciebi. amave dros, saxelosnoSi
Tanamedrove moTxovnilebebs adaptirebuli koleqciac iqmneba, sadac
ferebi ufro naTelia, dizaini ki metad esadageba yoveldRiur
cxovrebas.
saxelosnoSi misul stumars saSualeba aqvs ixilos namuSevris Seqmnis
sruli procesi Zafebis Rebvidan dawyebuli misi qsoviT
dasrulebuli.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
67
saqarTveloSi tradiciulad xdeboda dazgaze bambis, Salis, abreSumis, selis qsovilis
qsova. samwuxarod dReisaTvis mxolod erTeuli SemTxvevebia dafiqsirebuli, rac
fabrikuli qsovilis mravalferovnebis da xelmisawvdomobis pirobebSi xeliT naqsov
qsovilze dabali moTxovniTaa ganpirobebuli. faqtiurad dakargvis piras aris
meabreSumeobis tradicia, romelic saqarTveloSi V saukuneebidan dasturdeba. 57
gamokiTxuli ostatebidan mxolod 2-s hyavs abreSumis Wia da Tavisi moxmarebisTvis
iRebs mcire raodenobiT abreSumis Zafs.
Tumca, Sesabamisi reklamis da swori niSis moZebnis SemTxvevaSi xeliT naqsov qsovils
SesaZloa mniSvnelovani perspeqtivebi hqondes.
8.6.6. moCiTuli qsovili
moCiTuli qsovili dRes saqarTvelosTvis naklebad tradiciuli batikiTaa
warmodgenili. batika saqarTveloSi 90-ian wlebSi abreSumis moCiTvasTan erTad gaxda
popularuli. rogorc sxva mraval dargSi, gamokiTxulTa SedarebiT didi procenti
(50%-ze meti) Tbilisze modis. produqciis dizainis 81% Sereulia da mxolod
ostatebis 3.8% Tvlis, rom tradiciul dizainSi muSaobs. dRes ZiriTadad
gavrcelebulia batikis civi da cxeli teqnika.
iSviTobaa tradiciuli xis saCiTavi yalibebiT gaformebuli qsovilebi. am mxriv
aRsaniSnavia bolo wlebSi Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis iniciativa, romlis bazaze
ganxorcelebuli kvlevebis Sedegad moxda moCiTuli qsovilis da kerZod tradiciuli
lurji sufris damzadebis teqnologiis aRdgena da saxelosnos Seqmna, romelic
tradiciuliL negatiuri teqnikiT moCiTul lurj sufrebs amzadebs.
gvxvdeba kompiuteruli BbeWdviT Sesrulebuli lurji sufrebic, romlebic teqnikis
sruli meqanizaciis garda, xelovnuri qsovilis da anabeWdis dabali xarisxiT
gamoirCeva.
57 (თამარ ბრეგაძე; გამა რადიაციის გავლენა თუთის აბრეშუმმხვევიას ცხოველმყოფელობაზე. დისერტაცია http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/collect/0002/000177/tamar%20bregadze%20disertacia.pdf).
samoseli pirveli
"სამოსელი პირველი" მომხმარებელს ქართულ ტრადიციულ სამოსს სთავაზობს, რომელიც თანამედროვე მოთხოვნების მიხედვით არის შექნილი. კომპანია განსაკუთრებულ ყურადღებას აქცევს ეროვნული სამოსის (როგორც ქალის, ისე მამაკაცის) და აქსესუარების წარმოებას, როგორებიცაა ჩოხის მასრები, ხანჯლები და სატევრები, ქალისა და მამაკაცის სარტყელები, საფულეები, ქისები, ქალისა და მამაკაცის ეროვნული სამოსის შესატყვისი ჩექმა, ფეხსაცმელი თუ მრავალი სხვა.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
68
moCiTuli qsovilis produqcia warmoadgenilia SarfebiT, kedlis panoebiT, interieris
aqsesuarebiT, lurji sufrebiT. saintereso praqtikas wamoadgens kavSiri Tanamedrove
modis industriasTan kerZod, dargis mier qsovlis damzadeba Tanamedrove samosis
Sesaqmnelad. marTalia msgavsi kavSirebi dReisaTvis gamonaklisis xasiaTs atarebs,
magram SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas rogorc ganviTarebis erT-erT perspeqtiul
mimarTulebad, ara marto moCiTuli qsovilisTvis, aramed rewvis sxva dargebisTvisac.
amave dros unda aRiniSnos, rom moCiTul qsovilis produqcia araskmarisad iyenebs mis
xelT arsebul funqcionaluri mravalferovnebis SesaZleblobebs.
8.6.7. kerva
miuxedavad imisa, rom kerva sayofacxovrebo doneze yvelaze gavrcelebuli dargia
tradiciul rewvaSi mas sakmaod mcire adgili ukavia. teqstilis jgufSi kerva moCiTul
qsovilTan erTad yvelaze naklebad gavrcelebulia. gamokiTxul ostatTa mxolod 8%
aris dakavebuli kerviT. am kategoriaSi Sevida tradiciuli samosis kerva da iseTi
nawarmi, romelSic wamyvani roli sxva teqnikas ar ekuTvnis. mag. qvilTi (CanaWrebi),
Sekerili saTamaSoebi/Tojinebi da aqsesuarebi, sadac wamyvani naqargoba ar aris.
qvilTis produqcia sakmao popularobiT sargeblobs ostatebs Soris. produqciis
xarisxi da dizaini kervaSic sakmaod meryevia, maRalmxatvruli namuSevrebidan sakmaod
dabali donis nawarmamde.
gamoiyenebuli qsovili sakmaod mravalferovania, Tumca metwilad gamoiyeneba
importirebuli masalebi.
8.6.8. Rebva
naturaluri saRebavebiT Rebva (tutisRebva) kvlevaSi ar aris gamoyofili calke
teqnikad, vinaidan gamokiTxvebma aCvenes rom, rom ostatebis gansazRvruli raodenoba
nedleulis naturaluri saRebavebiT Rebvis teqnologias floben da praqtikaSi iyeneben
magram ZiriTadad mxolod piradi produqciis Sesaqmnelad da ara SeRebili
nedleulis damoukideblad realizaciis mizniT. rogorc wesi Telvis, dazgaze qsovis
ostatebi, da SedarebiT iSviaTad mqsovelebi, mxolod sakuTari moxmarebisTvis Rebaven
nedleuls, da ukve mza produqciis realizacias axdenen; Tumca interviuebis dros
bevrjer aRiniSna, rom naturaluri Rebva Zalze Sromatevadia, drois did
danakargebTan aris dakavSirebuli, da rom misaRebi fasis SemTxvevaSi isini mzad
iqnebodnen ukve mza naturalurad SeRebili nedleuli SeeZinaT.
8.6.9. keramika
keramikaSi gamokiTxul ostatTa 8.75%-ia dakavebuli, romlebSic qalebis da kacebis
wili daaxloebiT Tanabaria. miuxedavad statistikuri masalis ararsebobisa SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom keramikuli warmoeba sabWoTa periodis Semdeg sagrZnoblad Semcirda,
vinaidan funqionireba Sewyvita keramikulma qarxnebma TbilisSi, mcxeTaSi, iyalToSi,
zugdidSi.
dReisaTvis keramikuli warmoebiT gamoirCeva Tbilisi, sadac gamokiTxul ostatTa daax.
12%-ia keramikiT dakavebuli. amave dros dedaqalaqSi cxovrobs gamokiTxul
keramikosTa 46%. maRalia keramikosTa raodenobis maCvenebeli imereTSi - 19% da 14%
(vinaidan kvlevis dros ver moxda SroSis raionis srulad dafarva, savaraudod, es
maCveneblebi kidev ufro maRalia). aseve mcxeTa-mTianeTSi - (mcxeTa) 17% da 11%;
kaxeTSi (Telavi, iyalTo) keramikuli warmoeba SedarebiT “dakninebulia” da faqtiurad
danarCeni regionebis Tanabaria.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
69
grafiki 16. gamokiTxul keramikosTa ganawileba mxareebis mixedviT
ZiriTadad vxvdebiT Camosxmul an Carxze amoyvanil produqcias, iSviaTad presiT an
xeliT naZerw nawarms.
calke unda aRiniSnos qvevris damzadebis teqnologia. aRsaniSnavia rom bolo
droisTvis saqarTveloSi sul ramdenime qvevris ostati iyo darCenili da dargi
dakargvis realuri safrTxis winaSe idga. Tumca, organizacia Living Roots-is damfuZnebelTan, q-n ia TabagarTan (igi mravali welia muSaobs saqarTveloSi Rvinis
turizmis ganviTarebaze, qvevris Rvinis popularizaciasa da aRiarebaze) siRrmiseul
interviuSi aRniSna rom 2013 wels iuneskos mier „qvevris Rvinis dayenebis uZvelesi
qarTuli tradiciuli meTodisTvis“ msoflio aramaterialuri memkvidreobis statusis
miniWebam da “qvevris Rvinis” popularizaciis mimdinare kampaniam ukve gamoiRo Sedegi
qarTuli aramaterialuri kulturis memkvidreobis am nawilis gadarCenisTvis.
dReisaTvis gazrdilia moTxovna qvevrebze ara marto qveynis SigniT, aramed gaCnda
ucxouri SekveTebic, rac am xelobis SenarCunebis did imedebs iZleva. ganviTarebis am
tendenciis SenarCunebis SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli praqtika SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas,
rogorc dakargvis safrTxis winaSe myofi dargebis gadarCenisTvis sapopularizacio
kampaniis mniSvnelobis warmatebuli magaliTi.
am teqnologiuri jgufis gamorCeuli maxasiaTebelia maRali specialuri ganaTlebis
mqone pirebis procentuli wili. profesiul da umaRles saswavlebelSi SeZenili
codnis mqoneTa odenoba gamokiTxul ostatebSi 80%-s aRemateba, maSin rodesac
zogadad tradiciuli rewvisTvis es maCvenebeli mxolod 32%-ia.
es garemoeba ganapirobebs keramikuli nawarmis SedarebiT maRal xarisxs, Tumca
aRniSnuli potenciali srulad ar aris gamoyenebuli produqciis funqciis da dizainis
diversifikaciaSi.
keramikis produqcias ZiriTadad tradiciuli formebis da daniSnulebis WurWeli
warmoadgens, romelSic tradiciulad Rvinis WurWels wamyvani adgili ukavia. gvxvdeba
mcire zomis suvenirebi (magnitebi, doqebi a.S.), SedarebiT mcirea saxlis aqsesurebi da
sxva nawarmi. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom ostatTa mxolod 14% miiCnevs Tavis
produqcias tradiciul dizainad da 86% Sereulad.
0.005.00
10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.0045.0050.00
თბი
ლის
ი ქვ
ემო
ქარ
თლ
ი სა
მცხე
-ჯავ
ახეთ
ი იმ
ერეთ
ი გუ
რია
რ
აჭა-
ლეჩ
ხ., ქ
ვ. …
სა
მეგრ
ელო
-…
აჭარ
ა ში
და
ქარ
თლ
ი მც
ხეთ
ა-მთ
იანე
თი
კახე
თი
% გამოკითხულ
კერამიკოსებში მხარის % მხარეში გამოკითხულ ოსთატთა შორის კერამიკოსთა წილი
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
70
grafiki 17. keramikos ostatTa
ganawileba codnis SeZenis gzebis mixedviT
keramikaSi, sxva dargebTan SedarebiT metad SeimCneva gasxvaveba Tbilissa da regionebs
Soris produqciis xarisxsa da dizainSi. regionebSi metad aris gavrcelebuli
mouWiqavi keramika (kaxeTi, SroSa), xarisxi ZiriTadad dabali da saSualo. Warbobs
tradiciuli formebi (Rvinis WurWeli, kecebi, qvevrebi, Toneebi).
am mxriv gamorCeulia gori, sadac erTeulis saxiT, magram SenarCunebulia gorisTvis
tipiuri moWiquli keramika. Mmzaddeba Rvinis WurWeli, marnebi, romelTac sxvadasxva
tradiciuli antropomorfuli da zoomorfuli formebi aqvs.
Tbilisuri produqcia ZiriTadad saSualo da maRali xarisxisaa, umeteswilad
moWiquli. marTalia aqac sWarbobs tradiciuli formebi, magram bolo wlebSi SeimCneva
gamravalferovnebis tendencia da saerTaSoriso bazris mimdinareobebis
gaTvaliswinebis mcdeloba. gvxvdeba Tanamedrove WurWlis (yavisa da Cais nakrebebi da
sxva.) warmoebis SemTxvevebi.
produqciis tipis mxriv keramikul produqciaSi ramdenime ZiriTadi jgufi SeiZleba
gamoiyos.
- xalxuri sawyisebis keramika, romelic tradiciuli formebs imeorebs, Tumca maT
Sorisac arsebobs gansxvavebebi xarisxisa da dizainis donis TvalsazrisiT (goris
keramika, SroSis, kaxuri mouWiqavi keramika)
- samuzeumo aslebis Temaze, an maTi motivebiT STagonebuli keramikuli nawarmi
(Savpriala keramikis aslebi, kolxuri culebisa da brinjaos balTebisa da sartylebi
ornamentiT gaformebuli keramkuli suvenirebi da sxva)
- Tanamedrove WurWeli, tradiciuli ornamentebiT
- dabali xarisxis kiCizaciisken midrekili suveniruli produqcia
- maRali xarisxis da funqciuri suvenirebi
gamokiTxul ostatebSi gamovlinda 80-mde dasaxelebis produqcia. maTi 80%-ze meti 50
larze naklebi Rirebulebisaa. Sesabamisad zogad suraTTan SedarebiT keramikuli
nawarmSi sakmaod maRalia 50 larze Zviri Rirebulebis produqciis wili.
12%
2% 5%
17%
64%
თვითნასწავლი
სხვა ოსტატისგან
მემკვიდრეობით
პროფესიულ სასწავლებელში
უმაღლეს სასწავლებელში
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
71
gamoyenebul masalebSi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba adgilobrivi Tixa. aRsaniSnavia, rom
ostatebs problemebi eqmnebaT nedleulis mopovebaze. arsebuli karierebidan Tixis
mopoveba, misi damuSaveba da realizacia legalurad ar mimdinareobs, Sesabamisad,
Tixis Sesyidvis kanonieri gzebi Zalze SezRudulia. keramikosTa umetesobas uwevs
ukanoni gzebiT moipovos masala, rac Tavis mxriv, did problemas uqnis dargis Semdgom
ganviTarebas.
გიორგი ტატულაშვილი
კერამიკოსი
გორი, ნინოშვილია ქ. 10
ტელ: +995 599 275568, +370 27 0029
ელ-ფოსტა: [email protected]
XIX საუკუნეში და XX საუკუნის დასაწყისში
საქართველოში განსაკუთრებით ცნობილი იყო
გორის მოჭიქული კერამიკა, რომელიც გამოირჩეოდა
სტილის მრავალფეროვნებით. აქ მზადდებოდა
როგორც ყვითელჭიქურიანი მწვანე საღებავებით
მოხატული კერამიკა, ისე მოიასამნისფერო ჭიქურზე
მწვანე საღებავებით შესრულებული ორნამენტული
სახეები.
სწორედ ამ ტრადიციების გამგრძელებელი, ქალაქ
გორში მცხოვრები ოსტატი გიორგი ტატულაშვილია.
ხელობა წინაპრებისგან ისწავლა . ხალხურ
კერამიკაზე მუშაობდნენ მისი ბაბუა და მამა. წლების
წინ ბატონი გიორგის სახლი გორში საზოგადოებრივი
თავშეყრის ადგილს წარმოადგენდა. მის
სახელოსნოში XIX საუკუნის შეშის ღუმელია
შემორჩენილი, რომელიც მის ბაბუას ეკუთვნოდა.
ტატულაშვილების კერამიკა განთქმული იყო გორში
და საპატიო სტუმრები ყოველთვის მათი სახელოსნოს
დასათვალიერებლად მიჰყავდათ მასპინძლებს.
ბატონი გიორგის მოჭიქული ჭურჭელი
მრავალფეროვანია. ამზადებს ფიალებს, დოქებს,
სამქვევრებს, ჯამებს, სამაწვნე ქილებს და სხვა ღვინის
თუ საყოფაცხოვრებო ნივთებს. გამორჩეულია მისი
თეთრ ჭიქურიანი ჭურჭელი, რომელზეც ცისფერი
საღებავებით მცენარეული ორნამენტია დატანილი
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
72
cxrili 6 produqciis ganawileba fasebis mixedviT
produqciis fasi
% ganawileba
keramikul nawarmSi
% ganawileba mTlianad
rewvaSi
<20 44.58 32.9%
21-50 37.35 28.9%
51-100 8.43 13.0%
101-500 7.23 16.4%
501-1000 2.41 4.0%
>1000
4.6%
kvlevis dros gamovlinda, rom keramikaSi arsebobs ganviTarebis realuri potenciali
da Sesazlebelia moxdes sawarmoTa raodenobis zrda uaxloves momavalSi. aRniSnuli,
sxva maCveneblebTan erTad, mniSvnelovnad iqneba ganpirobebuli qarTuli spirtiani
sasmelebis (Rvino, WaWa) eqsportis zrdiT, vinaidan Rvinis sasaCuqre produqciisTvis
xSirad swored keramikuli WurWeli gamoiyeneba. aseve mniSvnelovani wvlili
keramikuli sawarmoebis ganviTarebaSi SesaZloa qondes kulturuli memkvidreobis
Zeglebis reabilitaciaSi adgilobrivi keramikuli kramitis gamoyenebas.
8.6.10. minanqari
rogorc aRiniSna minanqris teqnologiis aRdgena saqarTveloSi meoce saukunis bolos
moxda, rewvis ostatebSi ki gansakuTrebuli popularoba bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi
moipova. am dargSi momuSave ostatTa 70%-is staJi 10 welze nklebia da maT 32%-s
minanqarze muSaoba sxva ostatisgan aqvT naswavli. swored es garemoeba ganapirobebs
minanqris gavrcelebis da produqciis Taviseburebebs.
geografiuli ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT mkveTrad aris gamorCeuli minanqris
koncentracia qalaqebSi (gamokiTxul ostatTa 44% TbilisSi, xolo 91% urbanul
zonaSi cxovrobs), rac logikuria SedarebiT “axali” dargisTvis. am teqnologiur
jgufSi gamoiyo 3 teqnika: Weduri, tixruli da ferweruli minanqari. 46 gamokiTxul
ostatTagan 43 muSaobs tixrul minanqarSi, 9 ostati ferwerulSi da mxolod 2 ostati
WedurSi (SeniSvna: zogierTi ostati 2 an 3 teqnikas flobs).
produqciaSi funqcionaluri TvalsazrisiT sWarbobs samkaulebi, SedarebiT mcire
raodenobaa kompoziciebi. sul gamovlinda 120-mde dasaxelebis produqcia. minanqris
produqciisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Sereuli dizainis siWarbe – ostatTa 62.2% Tavisi
namuSevrebs swored am kategorias akuTvnebs. savaraudod, am garemoebam mniSvnelovnad
Seuwyo xeli minanqris gansakuTrebul popularobas saqarTveloSi.
funqcionaluri daniSnulebidan, gamoyenebuli masalebidan (oqro, vercxli, spilenZi,
minanqari) da Tavad teqnologiis Sromatevadobidan gamomdinare minanqris produqciis
Rirebuleba saSualo maCveneblebze maRalia (ixileT cxrili 7)
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
73
cxrili 7. produqciis ganawileba fasebis mixedviT
produqciis fasi
% ganawileba minanqris
nawarmSi
% ganawileba mTlianad
rewvaSi
<20 23.58 32.9%
21-50 22.64 28.9%
51-100 18.87 13.0%
101-500 23.58 16.4%
501-1000 4.72 4.0%
>1000 6.60 4.6%
amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom minanqris produqciis saSualo fasi sakmaod maRalia,
daaxloebiT 280 lari.
bolo wlebSi minanqris produqciis popularoba gamowveulia, rogorc minanqris
samkaulis didi mowonebiT adgilobriv da ucxoel momxmarebelTa Soris, ise
dasaqmebaze orientirebul specialur kursebSi minanqris swavlebis CarTviT. Tumca,
amavdroulad, yovelive aman Seqmna xarisxis problemac, romelic naklebad
gaTviTcnobierebuli myidvelisTvis SesaZloa yuradRebis miRma darCes.
amasTan minanqris ostatebis umetesoba ar flobs oqromWedlobis teqnikebs, Sesabamisad,
xdeba namuSevrebisTvis formebis SekveTa, an mza formebs SeZena, rac garkveulwilad
minanqris produqciis standartizacias iwvevs.
8.6.11. xis damuSaveba
rogorc kvlevam aCvena xis mxatvruli damuSaveba dResac erT-erT mniSvnelovan dargs
warmoadgens. masze modis ostatTa 22.81%. es dargi sakmaod gansxvavdeba tradiciuli
rewvis sxva dargebisgan Tavisi geografiuli ganawilebiT da sqesobriv-asakobrivi
struqturiT.
upirveles yovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom xis damuSavebaSi maRalia soflis mosaxleobis
wili – 38% maSin, rodesac tradiciuli rewvis saerTo saSualo maCvenebeli mxolod
28%-ia. SedarebiT mcirea Tbilisis wili (13.95%) gamokiTxul xis ostatebs Soris, iseve
rogorc xis damuSavebiT dakavebulTa wili TbilisSi mcxovreb ostatebSi (9.5%). maSin
rodesac es ukanaskneli raWa-leCxumisTvis 64.71%-s aRwevs. am regionze modis
gamokiTxul xis ostatTa 12.8%, Tumca, savaraudod, es maCvenebeli gaizrdeba leCxumis
sruli monacemebis analizisas. xeze kveTis ostatTa mniSvnelovani raodenoba modis
aseve imereTze da samcxe-javaxeTze (ix. cxrili).
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, xis damuSaveba xasiaTdeba mamakacebis maRali procentuli
SemadgenlobiT - 89.5%. maSin rodesac, saSualod tradiciuli rewvaSi mamakacebis wili
mxolod 37.7%-ia. asakobrivi TvalsazrisiT yvelaze didi raodenoba 46-55 wlamde
asakobiriv jgufze modis - 25.58%. sakmaod dabalia axalgazrdaTa wili, 35 wlamde
ostatebze modis mxolod 20.93%. asakobriv struqturasTan erTad Tu imasac
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom xis damuSavebaSi gansakuTrebiT maRalia didi “staJis” mqone
ostatTa raodenoba da Zalze mcirea axalmosulTa wili, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am
dargSi daberebis realuri tendencia SeimCneva.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
74
grafiki 18. gamokiTxuli xis ostatebis regionaluri ganawileba
grafiki 19. xis ostatebis ganawileba staJis mixedviT
amave dros aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqtic, rom, rogorc statistikuri monacemebi
cxadyofs, xeze kveTaSi gansakuTrebiT maRalia im ostatebis wili, romlebmac codna
“araformaluri ganaTlebis” gziT miiRes (TviTnaswavli, sxva ostatisgan da
memkvidreobiT: jamSi 62%). SesaZloa swored es ganapirobebs xeze kveTis produqciis
iseT Taviseburebebs, rogoricaa tradiciuli dizainis maRali % (46.51%) da Tanamedrove
dizanis umniSvnelo wili (8.14%) funqcionaluri daniSnulebis mixedviT ZiriTadad
iwarmoeba aveji, sayofacxovrebo WurWeli, saeklesio nivTebi, mcirea samkaulis da
dekoratiuli nivTebis wili. mniSvnelovani wili uWiravs saeklesio daniSnulebis xeze
namuSevrebs. maT Sorisaa eklesiebis karebebi, kankelebi, analoRiebi, xatebi, jvrebi da
sxva. aRsaniSnavia tradiciuli avejis warmoeba, rac ZiriTadad moicavs skam-loginebs,
skamebs, sakarcxulebs, sajalaboebs, samfexa savarZlebs, dabal tabla magidebs,
skivrebs da sxva.
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.00
თბი
ლის
ი
ქვემ
ო ქ
ართ
ლი
სამც
ხე-ჯ
ავახ
ეთი
იმერ
ეთი
გურ
ია
რაჭ
ა-ლ
ეჩხუ
მი, …
სამე
გრელ
ო-…
აჭარ
ა
შიდ
ა ქა
რთ
ლი
მცხე
თა-
მთია
ნეთ
ი
კახე
თი
%
გამოკითხულ ხის ოსტატთა განაწილება მხარეების მიხედვით (%)
მხარეების მიხედვით გამოკითხულ ოსტატთა შორის ხეზე მომუშავეთა % შემადგენლობა
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00
< 1 წელი
1 - 5 წელი
6 - 10 წელი
11 - 20 წელი
> 20 წელი
%
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
75
სოფელი მარადიდი
xelvaCauris municipaliteti
sofeli maradidi, xelvaCauris municipalitetSi, mdinare Woroxis marcxena
mxares mdebareobs. am lamaz sofelSi akvnebis keTeba uZveless tradicias
warmoadgenda. TiTqmis yovel ojaxSi mamakaci am saqmiT iyo dakavebuli.
magram akvanma Tavisi funqcia Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi dakarga da soflis
mosaxleoba nel-nela anebebs Tavs aRniSnul saqmianobas.
axmed svaniZe: ” erTxel mamaCema akvani moitana saxlSi Sevxede davinteresdi
da mamas vTxove eswavlebina CemTvis”
qemal bedinaZe: ” 30 welia akvnebs vamzadeb. trdiciis mixedviT akvnis arc
dawva arc gadagdeba ar SeiZleba. akvnebis keTeba mama-papidan modis da mec
Cems Svilebs vaswavle rom ar daikargos da SenarCundes.
alik didmaniZe ” akvnebis keTeba biZaSvilma maswavla, dResac vakeTeb, radgan
es aris is saqme romelic gansakuTrebiT miyvars.
sofeli maradidis stumroba gansakuTrebul STabeWdilebas axdens
mogzaurze. aq mosul stumars lamazi buneba da adgilobrivi meakvneebis
saxelosnoebi daxvdeba.
ზაზა გათენაშვილი
xeze kveTis ostati
misamarTi: devnilTa dasaxleba,
q. 14, bina 8, werovani, mcxeTa-mTianeTis municipaliteti
tel/ Tel: +995 593650894
zaza gaTenaSvili werovanSi devnilTa dasaxlebaSi cxovrobs da mravali welia
qarTul tradiciul avejs, xis skivrebs, larnakebs, niRbebs da sayofacxovrebo
nivTebs amzadebs. misi xis namuSevrebi tradiciuli qarTuli xalxuri ornamentebis
da formebis gamoyenebiT aris Seqmnili da amave dros ostatis TviTmyofadi
xelweriT gamoirCeva.
vcxovrobdi axalgorSi, xeze kveTa mamam maswavla, romelic ormoci wlis
ganmavlobaSi aswavlida da dResac aswavlis bavSvTa saxlSi” - ambobs batoni zaza..-
mamis swavlebis Semdeg aTi weli sxva ostatTan viare da gaviRrmave codna. dRes
Tavad myavs moswavleebi. muSaobis procesSi Zvel qarTul ornamentebs da muzeumSi
daculi eqsponatebis nimuSebs viyeneb. adre Tu katalogebis mixedviT vmuSaobdi
dRes imdenad gamjdari maqvs qarTuli ornamentebi, rom yovelgvari Canaxatis
gareSe vmuSaob.”
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
76
aRniSnuli teqnologiuri jgufis mcire nawils warmoadgens tradiciuli xuroobac, rac gulisxmobs Wviruli aivnebis, saxlebis mSeneblobas da zogadad, tradiciuli xis xalxur arqiteqturasTan dakavSirebul codnas (raWa, samegrelo da sxva). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis es elementi rTulad identificirebadia, radgan ostatTa umetesoba, dReisaTvis moTxovnis klebasTan erTad, am mimarTulebiT aRar muSaobs, TumcaRa flobs aRniSnul unarebs. Sesabamisad, winamdebare kvlevaSi, sadac validuroba ganisazRvreboda produqciisa da biznes aqtivobis mixedviT, mravali aseTi ostati ver moxvda, imdenad ramdenadac amJamad mxolod sadurglo saqmiT aris dakavebulni. xis produqciaSi calke jgufs qmnis tradiciuli musikaluri instrumentebi, romelTa
umetesobac xisgan mzaddeba: Congurebi, fandurebi, salamurebi. maTi ZiriTadi
momxmarebeli folkloruli ansamblebi da zogjer ucxoeli turistebic arian. am
mxriv, unda gamoiyos bolo dros bazarze gaCenili xis miniaturuli sakravebi,
romlebic sasuveniro xasiaTisaa.
fasis TvalsazrisiT, 50 laramde produqciis raodenoba saSualosTan SedarebiT
mcirea. gansakuTrebiT maRalia 1000 larze Zviriani nivTebis wili, rasac teqnologiuri
jgufis produqciis funqcionaluri kategoriebis Tavisebureba, kerZod avejis
mniSvnelovani wili, ganapirobebs.
cxrili 8. xis namuSevrebis ganawileba fasis mixedviT
Rirebuleba larebSi % ganawileba xis produqciaSi
% ganawileba mTlianad rewvaSi
<20 26.98 32.9%
21-50 20.63 28.9%
51-100 14.29 13.0%
101-500 20.63 16.4%
5001-1000 5.82 4.0%
>1000 11.64 4.6%
xis damuSavebaSi ZiriTadi gamovlenili problemebi nedleulis mopovebas Seexeba.
vinaidan xis Wra mkacrad kontrolirebad sferos warmoadgens, xSirad ostatebs ar
aqvT SesaZlebloba moipovon maTTvis gamosadegi erTiani xis masala. kvlevis dros
gamovlinda, rom swored am mizeziT raWaSi faqtiurad aRar mzaddeba tradiciuli xis
sawnaxelebi (xorgoebi), romelTa damzadebisTvis gamoiyeneboda erTiani Txilis merqani.
Sesabamisad es tradicia dakargvis safrTxis winaSe dgas.
xis damuSavebaSi gamoikveTa dakargvis winaSe mdgomi kidev ori mimarTuleba, Tumca am
SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli funqciis moZvelebiT aris gamowveuli. aRniSnuli dargebia
akvnebis da navebis damzadeba. akvnebis damzadebiT gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva sofeli
maradidi (xelvaCauris municipaliteti) sadac kvlevis dros gamokiTxul iqna akvnebis
damzadebiT dakavebuli 3 ostati. Tumca cnobilia, rom XX saukunis II naxevarSi MmTeli
sofeli am xelobiT irCenda Tavs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xdeba ara mxolod akvnis
damzadebis teqnikis, aramed Tavad soflisTvis Semosavlis wyaros da unikalobis
dakargvac.
calke unda aRiniSnos CiCilakis damzadebis teqnologia, romelic ZiriTadad guriaSia
gavrcelebuli. saaxalwlod CiCilakis popularoba am tradiciis SenarCunebis
mniSvnelovani winapirobaa, Tumca meCiCilake ostatebi arcTu xSiria.
77
8.6.12. liTonis damuSaveba
liTonis damuSaveba CarTuli ostatebis raodenobis mixedviT mTliani tradiciuli
rewvis 10.88% Seadgens. rogorc mosalodneli iyo liTonis damuSavebiT dakavebul
ostatTa 85.4% mamakacia. asakobrivi sturqtura, marTalia ZiriTadad emTxveva
tradiciuli rewvis zogad suraTs - wamyvani adgilis 36-45 da 46-55 asakobriv jgufebs
ekuTvnis (gamokiTxulTa 31.7% da 24.4%) - magram, rewvaSi dakavebul mamakacTa asakobriv
sturqturasTan SedarebiT, dargis mniSvnelovani siaxalgazrdave SeimCneva, vinaidan 55
wels zemoT jgufze mxolod 24.1% modis maSin, rodesac zogadad mamakacebisTvis es
maCvenebeli 40.6%-s Seadgens. miuxedavad amisa, gamokiTxulTa 48.9% ukve 20 welze metia
muSaobs. maT Soris arc erTi ostats ar aqvs 6 welze naklebi staJi. es calsaxad
miuTiTebs 90-iani wlebis bolos saqarTveloSi liTonis damuSavebis aRmavlobaze.
mxareebis mixediT liTonis damuSaveba yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia raWa-leCxumSi da
samcxe-javaxeTSi, razec miuTiTebs tradiciul rewvaSi CarTulTa Soris liTonis
damuSavebis ostatebis maRali procentruli wili (ix. grafiki 19).
grafiki 20. liTonis damuSavebis ostatTa regionaluri ganawileba
raWa-leCxumi aseve liderobs 1 sul mosaxleze liTonis damuSavebaSi CabmulTa %
raodenobiT (0.0078%) da 6-jer aRemateba Tbilisis (0.0012%) maCvenebels. liTonis
damuSavebis kerebidan gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia sof. Rebi (onis raioni). maTi
produqcia ZiriTadad sasoflo-sameurneo moxmarebisaa da ar warmoadgens sasaCuqre
bazris nawils, Tumca rogorc samWedlo saqmis moqmedi centri is umniSvnelovanesia
aramaterialuri kulturuli mekvidreobis TvalsazrisiT.
liTonis damuSavebaSi codnis gadacemis procentuli ganawileba emTxveva tradiciuli
rewvis ZiriTad tendenciebs. yvelaze maRali procenti TviTnaswavl ostatebze modis
(26.83%), Tumca maRalia saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi naswavlTa jamuri
maCvenebelic (43.9%)
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00
თბილისი
შიდა ქართლი
აჭარა
რაჭა-ლეჩხუმი, ქვემო …
სამეგრელო/ზემო სვან.
იმერეთი
კახეთი
სამცხე-ჯავახეთი
მცხეთა-მთიანეთო
ქვემო ქართლი
გურია
%
მხარეში გამოკითხულ ოსტატთა შორის ლთ.დამჲშავების ოსტატთა წილი გამოკითხულ ლით. დამუშავების ოსტატთა შორის მხარის %
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
78
teqnikis TvalsazrisiT gamokiTxul ostatTa 68% flobs Wedurobas, 39% saiuveliro
saqmes da 10% Camosxmas. Tumca produqcia ar gamoirCeva didi mravalferovnebiT.
ZiriTadad warmodgenilia samkaulebi, iaraRi (xanjlebi, danebi), saeklesio nivTebi.
faqtiurad ar gvxvdeba saojaxo daniSnulebis nivTebi, gamonaklisia LliTonis aveji.
dizainis TvalsazrisiT avtorTa 46% Tavis produqcias tradiciulad miiCnevs, 43% _
Sereulad da mxolod 11% _ Tanamedroved. fasis TvalsazrisiT liTonis produqcia
gamoirCeva maRali RirebulebiT. 50 larze naklebi Rirebulebisaa produqciis
saxeobebis 33.33%, maSin rodesac es maCvenebeli saSualod rewvisTvis 61.8%-s Seadgens.
cxrili 9. liTonis damuSavebis produqciis
ganawileba fasis mixedviT
Rirebuleba
larebSi
% ganawileba liTonis
damuSavebaSi
% ganawileba
mTlianad rewvaSi
<20 16.13 % 32.9%
21-50 17.20% 28.9%
51-100 15.05% 13.0%
101-500 31.18% 16.4%
501-1000 9.68% 4.0%
>1000 10.75% 4.6%
liTonis nawarmSi SeiZleba gamovyoT ramodenime ZiriTadi jgufi:
- meiaraReoba, romelic sakmaod popularulia, maT Soris axalgazrdebSi. es
ZiriTadad moicavs danebis, xmlebis, xanjlebis Wedvas da mxatvrul damuSavebas.
zogierTi ostati mxolod mWedelia, am SemTxvevaSi maTi nawarmis mxatvrulad
gaformebas sxva ostatebi asruleben.
- sameurneo daniSnulebis nawarmi, romelic soflebSi SemorCenili xalxuri
xelosnobis tradiciebiT sazrdoobs. am mxriv gamorCeuli mWedelTa sofeli _ Rebi.
- samkauli, romlis mxatvruli gaformebisTvis gamoiyeneba filigrani, (grexili),
sevada, iSviaTi gamonaklisis saxiT gvxvdeba cvaras teqnikiT Serulebuli nimuSebi.
- samuzeumo aslebi, romlebic Tanamedrove tradiciuli rewvis mniSvnelovan
nawils warmoadgens. es ZiriTadad winaqristianuli liTonmqandakeblobis nimuSebia,
romlebic sxvadasxva muzeumebis koleqciebSi inaxeba. aRniSnuli produqcia aseve
xasiaTdeba xarisxis gansxvavebuli doniT. Tu zogierTi namuSevari, Sesrulebis maRali
xarisxiT da Sesabamisad, maRali fasiT xasiaTdeba, dabalfasiani produqcia, romelSic
xSirad gamoyenebulia iaffasiani masalebi, (wvrili mZivi, biJuteria), dabali xarisxiT
gamoirCeva.
- kiCizaciisken midrekili melxioris dekoratiuli suvenirebi, iaraRi, Tasebi,
yanwebi, da sxva.
- Weduroba, romelic ZiriTdad saeklesio nivTebisTvis gamoiyeneba, xatebi
eklesiebis karebebi da sxva. aRniSnuli dargi Sua saukuneebis Weduri xelovnebis
nimuSebis ikonografiasa da ornamentul saxeebs iyenebs. amave teqnologiiT sruldeba
dekoratiuli kompoziciebi, romlebic xSirad sabWoTa periodSi erovnul motivebze
Seqmnili kompoziciebis tradiciebs agrZelebs.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
79
giorgi iakobaSvili
gliptikis ostati
misamarTi: nucubiZis IIImkr, I kvart., X korpusi, bina № 8, Tbilisi,
tel: +995 593338157
saqarTveloSi gliptika, Zvirfass qvaze kveTis xelovneba uZvelesi
droidan aris cnobili.
Tanamedrove gliptikis ostatTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia
giorgi iakobaSvilis Semoqmedebas. batoni giorgi mravali welia
Zvirfass da naxevrad Zvirfass qveze kveTis xelovnebiT aris dakavebuli da
ZiriTadad saeklesio Temaze muSaobs. is amzadebs xatebs, patara
zardaxSebs, zarebs bibliuri siuJetebiT, jvrebs da aseve kameebs.
17 wlidan vmuSaob am sferoSi. Tavdapirvelad qandakebaze vswavlobdi da
Semdeg nel-nela gliptikam damainteresa” - ambobs batoni giorgi -
ZiriTadad saeklesio nivTebze vmuSaob. tradiciuli Tematika wamyvania
Cems namuSevrebSi. magram vfiqrob, rom mainc Tavisufali var
SemoqmedebiTad da TiToeuli namuSevarisadmi Cemeuli midgoma da xedva
maqvs yovelTvis.”
ostatis namuSevrebi maRali mxatvruli RirebulebiT da Sesrulebis
gansakuTrebuli ostatobiT gamoirCeva. TiToeuli namuSevari
damoukidebeli xelovnebis nimuSia.
am teqnologiur jgufis problemebs Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT Zvirfasi liTonebis
qveynidan gatanasTan dakavSirebuli problema, romelic xels uSlis oqromWedelTa
namuSevrebis eqsports.
8.6.13. qva/Zvali
qvis damuSavebas tradiciuli rewvis seqtorSi 3.98% uWiravs, rac am mimarTulebiT
mdidari tradiciebis mqone qveynisTvis gansakuTrebiT dabalia. Tumca aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom iseve rogorc xeze kveTas, qvis damuSavebasac farTo gamoyeneba aqvs
saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebaSi. amdenad, qvaze kveTis ostatebis Sroma xSirad
Sewirulobaa, rac ver CaiTvleba biznes aqtivobad, romelic, rogorc araerTxel
aRiniSna, kvlevis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes kriteriums warmoadgenda. aseve, aRniSnul
teqnologiur jgufTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom qvaze kveTis umniSvnelovanes
nawils warmoadgens qandakeba, romelic, rogorc saxviTi xelovnebis dargi ar Sedioda
winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi, (garkveuli gamonaklisebis garda, rodesac mcire
plastikis nimuSebi aSkara “xalxuri” sawyisebiTaa nasazrdoebi).
naxevradZvirfasi qvebis damuSavebis mxriv unda aRiniSnos gliptika,
romelic Zvirfas liTonSi Casmuli kameebisa da intalioebiT Semkuli samkaulisa da
miniaturuli saeklesio nivTebis, mcire zomis xatebis da sanawileebis saxiT gvxvdeba.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
80
naxevradZvirfasi qvebis damuSavebaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos giSris mxatvruli damuSaveba
tyibulis raionSi, sadac giSerSi vercxlisa da oqros inkrustaciiT formdeba da
sakmaod originaluri namuSevrebi iqmneba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom adgilobrivad
arsebuli giSris resuresebis miuxedavad, nedleulis mompovebeli industriis
ararsebobis gamo ostatebs masalis mopovebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani problemebi
eqmnebaT.
am dargSi calke aRniSvnis Rirsia qvis kecebis damzadeba. kvlevis dros guriis
regionSi gamovlinda ori ostati, romlebic agrZelebs qvis kecebis damzadebas, rac,
Tavis mxriv, am xelobis dakargvis realur safrTxeze miuTiTebs.
8.6.14. mina, tyavis da qaRaldis damuSaveba
minis, tyavis da qaRaldis damuSaveba qarTul tradiciul rewvaSi dReisaTvis Zalzed
mwirad aris warmodgenili. am dargSi muSaobs gamokiTxul ostatTa Sesabamisad 0.53%,
1.86% da 0.53%. Sesabamisad Zalze mcirea gamokiTxul ostatTa absoluturi raodenoba
(Sesabamisad 2, 7 da 2), ris gamoc raodenobrivi maCveneblebis ilustrirebis gareSe
warmovadgenT ZiriTad dakvirvebebs.
mina mniSvnelovan kriziss ganicdis, rac pirvel yovlisa ganpirobebulia am dargis
infrastruqturuli sistemis rRveviT da teqnologiuri sirTuleebiT. moiTxovs ra
maRal temperaturas, rogorc wesi namuSevrebi iqmneboda ara individualur
saxelosnoebSi, aramed minis sawarmoebSi arsebul RumelebSi. amJamad minis sawarmoebis
raodenoba mcirea, aRniSnuli kavSirebis darRvevis, ostatebs aRar miuwvdebaT xeli
Rumelebze da Sesabamisad veRar qmnian namuSevrebs. Dargis aRorZienis susti
mcdelobebia Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis saswavlo bazaze, tumca saerTo jamSi es
minis ganviTarebis zogad suraTs ver cvlis.
tyavis damuSaveba. miuxedavad imisa, rom tyavis damuSaveba da Semdgomi gamoyeneba
qveynis masStabiT mimdinareobs (ikereba fexsacmeli, CanTebi) tradiciuli
teqnologiebisa da dizainis gamoyeneba sakmaod iSviaTia.
am mimarTulbiT ZiriTadad vxvdebiT aqsesuarebis _ samkaulis, Tmisamagrebis, CanTebisa
da safulebis gaformebas.
tradiciuli rewvis sxva dargebs wnuls, qaRaldis, rqis da sxva masalaTa damuSavebas
mcire nawili uWiravs. rqisgan rogorc wesi, mzaddeba tradiciuli yanwebi, romelic
popularuli sasmisi da sasuvenire produqciaa.
wnuli produqcia ZiriTadad moicavs kalaTebs, godrebs, gidels, dekoratiul vazebs
da a.S. wnuli nawarmis mniSvnelovani centrebi gvxvdeba qarTlSi, imereTSi, guriasa da
aWaraSi. is iwarmoeba, rogorc piradi moxmarebisTvis, ise Semdgomi realizaciis mizniT.
magram unda aRiniSnos, rom rewvis es dargi saTanado biznes midgomis da marketingis
pirobebSi mniSvnelovani potencialis matarebelia.
8.6.15. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi
1. dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi praqticirebs qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
tradiciuli rewvis yvela ZiriTadi teqnologiuri jgufi
2. teqstili tradiciul rewvis dargebSi yvelaze gavrcelebulia, masze modis
gamokiTxul ostatTa 49.07%. danarCeni dargebis ganawileba Semdegia: keramika 8.75, mina
0.53, minanqari 11.94, xis damuSaveba 22.81, tyavis damuSaveba 1.86, qaRaldis damuSaveba 0.53,
liTonis damuSaveba 10.88, qvis/Zvlis damuSaveba 3.98, Sereuli 2.92, sxva 1.06.
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tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
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3. dargebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba sqesobrivi struqturiT. kacebis maRali %
wili aRiniSneba liTinos (85.4%) da xis damuSavebaSi (85.5%), qalebi Warbobs teqstilSi
(99.06%)
4. dargebSi ostatTa daberebis tendencia SeimCneva xis damuSavebaSi, sadac 35
wlamde asakis ostatTa % mxolod 20.93%-ia da aseve mcirea axalmosulTa wili
5. gamovlinda dakargvis winaSe mdgomi tradiciebi: akvnebis, navebis, qvis kecebis
damzadeba, meabreSumeoba, selis qsovilis warmoeba, tolis qsova. am mimarTulebiT
mxolod erTeuli ostatebi arian SemorCenilni. xelSewyobas saWiroebs aseve qvevrebis,
sawnaxelebis damzadeba. teqstilidan SedarebiT mcired aris warmodgenili wyliT,
oqromkerdiT qargva.
6. gamovlinda tradiciuli rewvis rigi dargebis aRdgenis warmatebuli magaliTebi:
luri sufra, minanqari, batika.
7. rig dargebSi, kerZod qargvaSi, keramikaSi SeimCneva regionaluri avTenturobis
ganmansxvavebeli niSnebis waSla, rac erTferovans qmnis tradiciuli rewvis
produqciis bazars
8. adgilobriv bunebriv resursebze dafuZnebuli dargebis mniSvnelovan problemas
warmoadgens nedleulis xelmisawvdomoba, rac zogadad infrastruqturis gaumarTaobiT
da/an, erTi mxriv mopovebiTi dargebis (mag. giSris) arasaTanado muSaobiT da meores
mxriv dawesebuli SezRudvebiT (mag. xis Wra) aris gamowveuli.
8.7. saxelosnoebi da danadgarebi
tradiciuli rewvis TiTqmis yvela dargi produqciis warmoebisTvis saWiroebs
saTanadod aRWurvil saxelosnos. teqnologiuri jgufebis mixedviT samuSao pirobebi
da Sesabamisad saxelosnoebis teqnikuri moTxovnebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba,
magaliTad, rogorc kvlevam daadastura, keramikis, minis, liTonis, xis ostatebs
auciloblad esaWiroebaT damoukidebeli samuSao farTi, maSin rodesac minanarqris
ostatebis nawili specialuri saxelosnos gareSe, saxlSi muSaobs. yvelaze naklebad
saxelosnos problema teqstilis qvedargebs (qargva, Cxirze qsova) aqvT. rogorc
aRiniSna, teqstilis teqnologiur jgufSi ZiriTadad diasaxlisi qalebi arian
dasaqmebulni, romlebic saojaxo saqmis paralelurad saxlebSi muSaoben. rac Seexeba
fardagebis, an sxva msgavsi didi zomis produqciis saxelosnoebs, isini, ZiriTadad am
dargSi moRvawe organizaciebis, saganmanaTleblo skolebis, an sxva kerZo Tu
profesiuli saswavleblebis bazebiT sargebloben (mag. sapatriarqos samrevalo).
Sesabamisad saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli saxelosnoebis klasifikacia
Semdegnairadaa SesaZlebeli:
• saxelosno, romelic ostatis binaSi an saxlSia.
• saziaro, kerZo saxelosno, romlebSic erTi dargis ramodenime ostati muSaobs
• saxelmwifo dawesebulebebTan arsebuli skola-saxelosnoebi, maT Soris
saxelmwifo universitetebTan (Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia), municipalur
saxelovnebo skolebTan. amave kategorias SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT sapatriarqos samrevlo
skolebTan arsebuli saxelosnoebi.
• sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo da donori organizaciebis mxardaWeriT Seqmnili
saxelosnoebi
• organizaciebisa da sawarmoebis saxelosnoebi
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kvlevis Sedegebis analizma aCvena, rom ostatebis umetesoba 60.76% saxlSi muSaobs.
sakuTari saxelosno gaaCniaT ostatebis 33.51% procents. aseve niSandoblivia, rom
mxolod 3% qiraobs farTs saxelosnosTvis.
saxelosnoebi mravalferovania, rogorc teqnologiuri, ise infrastruqturuli
mowyobis TvalsazrisiT. Tu maTi erTi nawili (sakmaod mcire) saTanadod aris
aRWurvili, meore nawili didi potencialis miuxedavad, saWiroebs mniSvnelovan
infrastruqturul mxardaWeras _ danadgarebis ganaxlebas, farTis optimalur
aTvisebas, interieris saTanado ganaxleba-gaformebas.
tradiciuli rewvis warmoebis ganviTarebas xels uSlis iaraRebisa da danagdarebis
arasrulyofilad gamoyenebis problemac. rac ganpirobebulia umeteswilad saxsrebis
uqonlobiT, magram aseve teqnologiuri inovaciis mniSvnelobis arasaTandod gaazrebiT.
xSiras ostatebi ar arian informirebulebi im teqnologiuri siaxleebis Sesaxeb, rac
wundebuli produqciis minimalizacias da Sromis ekonomiis wyarod Sesazlebelia
iqces. rig SemTxevebSi, ki am teqnologiebze wvdomac aris garTulebuli.
mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens tradiciuli rewvis saxelosnoebisTvis
gamoyofili sajaro sivrceebis nakleboba, magaliTad qveynis masStabiT qalaqis Tu
soflebis istoriul nawilSi, mxareTmcodneobis muzeumebTan da sxva dawesebulebebTan
amgvari sivrceebis ar arseboba, rac Tavis mxriv, gazrdida maT turistul potencials,
meore mxriv ki tradiciuli rewvis centrebis ekonomikuri mdgradobis da,
amavdroulad, tradiciuli codnisa da unarebis SenarCunebis mniSvnelovani winapiroba
iqneboda.
grafiki 21. saxelosnoebis ganawileba tipologiis mixedviT
010203040506070 60.76
25.34
8.17 3 0.27 1.36 0.27 0.54 0.27
%
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83
Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom am mimarTulebiT arsebobs warmatebuli magaliTebic,
kerZod saxelosnoebis, romlebic amaJamad moqmed turistuli marSrutebSia CarTuli da
tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da organizaciebisTvis alternatiuli Semosavlis
wyaros warmoadgens. msgavi warmatebuli magaliTi saerTaSoriso praqtikaSic araerTia,
rac miuTiTebs, rom saxelosnoebis infrastruqturis gamarTvam da maTi (iseve, rogorc
Rvinis marnebis mowyoba da e.w. “Rvinis gzis” marSrutSi Casma) turistul marSrutebTan
dakavSirebam, SesaZloa, sagrZnoblad gazardos tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da
organizaciebis Semosavlebi, rogorc turistuli jgufebis maspinZlobiTa da
tradiciuli teqnologiuri procesis demonstrirebiT, ise maTi produqciis adgilze
marketingis TvalsazrisiT.
8.8. produqcia, distribucia, bazari, momxmarebeli, gayidvebi
tradiciuli rewvis bazris kvleva ramdenime mimarTulebiT ganxorcielda. Seswavlil
iqna warmoebuli produqcia, misi kategoriebi, xarisxi, fasTa ganawileba, aseve
gayidvebis arxebi da momxmarebeli.
aseve gayidvebis arxebis dadgenis mizniT, mosamzadebel etapze ganxorcielda savaWro
obieqtebis tipologiis dadgenda da maTTvis kiTxvaris SemuSaveba, romelic kvlevis
ZiriTadi instrumenti iyo.
xolo tradiciul rewvaze arsebuli moTxovnis Sefasebis mizniT Catarda adgilobrivi
momxmareblis da ucxoeli turistebis gamokiTxva. amave dros gayidvebis raodenobis,
adgilis da ZiriTadi arxebis sakvlevi kiTxvebi CarTuli iyo ostatebis da sawarmoebis
kiTxvarebSi.
8.8.1. produqcia
warmoebuli produqciis da savaWro obieqtebSi arsebuli asortimentis analizma aCvena,
rom tradiciuli rewvis bazarze dRes daaxloebiT 500-mde dasaxelebis produqtia
warmodgenili, romlebic SeiZleba Semdeg ZiriTad funqcionalur kategoriad
dajgufdes:
aqsesuarebi, samkaulebi, WurWeli, interieris aqsesuarebi, religiuri daniSnulebis
nivTebi, aveji, Tojina/saTamaSo, musikaluri sakravebi, iaraRi, samosi, dekoratiuli
kompoziciebi, xaliCa/fardagi, suveniri, sxva.
gamokiTxul ostatTa yvelaze didi kategoria - 27.93% aqsesuarebs awarmoebs, meore
adgilzea samkaulebi (12.4%). 5%-ze naklebia xaliCis/fardagis, iaraRis, musikaluri
sakravebis, saTamaSoebis, samosis da avejis mwarmoebel ostatTa ricxvi. danarCeni
kategoriebi 5-10%-ian monakveTSi Tavsdeba.
produqciaSi Warbobs Sereuli dizainis mqone namuSevrebi - gamokiTxul ostatTa 47.3%;
Tavis namuSevrebs tradiciul dizains akuTvnebs ostatTa 36% da mxolod 16.7%
Tanamedroves, Tumca savaWro obieqtebSi meti aqcenti tradiciul dizainze keTdeba.
maRaziebis asortimentis analizma aCvena, rom produqciis 60%-ze meti tradiciuli
dizainis namuSevrebi gamokiTxuli maRaziebis 53%-Sia warmodgenili, Sereuli dizanis
– mxolod obieqtebis 28.1%-Si, xolo Tanamedrove – mxolod 9.4%-Si.
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grafiki 22. tradiciuli rewvis produqciis ganawileba
funqcionaluri jgufebis mixedviT
teqnikis TvalsazrisiT orive SemTxvevaSi tradiciuli teqnologiebi liderobs:
gamokiTxul ostatTa 77.6% da savaWro obieqtebis 81.3% (60%-ze meti produqcia), rac
warmoebul produqciasa da adgilobriv bazarze arsebul moTxovnas Soris
Sesabamisobaze miuTiTebs. magram, meore mxriv, rewvis saukeTeso nimuSad ucxoeli
turistebis 55.7% da adgilobrivi momxmareblis 43.5% saiuveliro nawarms da minanqars
asaxelebs, produqcias sadac yvelaze metad Warbobs Sereuli dizainis nivTebi
(minanqris SemTxvevaSi 62.2%). es gamowveulia momgebiani TanxvedriT - erTi mxriv
samkaulze Tanamedrove yofaSi arsebuli maRali moTxovniT (minanqris produqciis
udides nawils swored minanqris samkauli warmoadgens, romelic am dargis aRorZinebis
Semdeg gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs), rogorc adgilobriv, ise ucxoel
momxmarebelTa Soris, xolo meore mxriv am kategoriis produqciaSi Tanamedrove
tendenciebis meti gaTvaliswinebiT. amave dros produqciis upiratesobad sakmaod cota
respodenti miiCnevs inovaciurobas (adgilobrivebis 5.4%, ucxoelebis 3.2%),
gansxvavebulobas (orive SemTxvevaSi 0.5%) da eqskluziurobas (adgilobrivebis 0.5), anu
faqtorebs, romelbic dRevandeli myidvelisTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania da SenaZenis
gakeTebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan motivs warmoadgens.
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos tradiciuli rewvis produqciaSi “suvenirizaciis”
tendencia, ris gamoc meti aqcenti keTdeba maT dekoratiul, “sasaCuqre” funqciaze,
xolo naklebi gamoyenebiT mxareze, rac, Tavis mxriv, zRudavs adgilobrivi
momxmareblis arCevans. mwarmoeblebi ar iTvaliswineben adgilobrivi da ucxoeli
myidvelebis sxvadasxva moTxovnebs: adgilobrivi myidveli ucxoeli turistisgan
gansxvavebiT naklebad yidulobs suvenirs piradi moxmarebisTvis, aseve naklebad
awuxebs transportirebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, Tumca misTvis meti
mniSvneloba aqvs produqciis funqciurobas, inovaciurobas, Tanamedrove adamianis
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
აქსესუარები სამკაულები
ინტერიერის აქსესუარები ჭურჭელი
დეკორატიული კომპოზიციები რელიგიური დანიშნულების ნაკეთობები
სუვენირები ავეჯი
სამოსი თოჯინა/სათამაშო
მუსიკალური საკრავები იარაღი
ხალიჩა/ფარდაგი სხვა
%
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85
cxovrebis wesTan Sesabamisobas. Tumca warmatebuli magaliTebi (mag. minanqirs
samkauli) naTlad miuTiTebs, rom am moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi qarTuli
tradiciuli rewvis produqciam SesaZlebelia didi popularobis mopovos adgilobriv
momxmarebelSi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod ucxoel turistze orientirebuli
produqcia TavisTavad ganapirobebs gayidvebis sezonurobas da rogorc
mwarmoeblisTvis, aseve Sualeduri rgolisTvis arastabilur Semosavals.
aRniSnulze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis
Semdgomi ganviTareba unda moxdes tradiciebTan arsebuli mWidro kavSiris
SeinarCunebis, magram inovaciuri midgomebis Semotanis, Tanamedrove gemovnebis da
funqciaze moTxovnis Sesabamisad dizainis diversifikaciis mimarTulebiT. aseve
mniSvnelovania produqciis diversifikacia adgilobrivi momxmareblis
8.8.2. xarisxi
qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis xarisxSi mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi
SeimCneva. eqsportiorebis, sabiTumo Semsyidvelebis, agentebis, aseve sertificirebis
raime sistemis ararsebobis pirobebSi ostatebi faqtiurad ar awydebian im rgolebs,
romlebic tradiciuli rewvis produqciis xarisxis kontrols axorcieleben. met-
naklebad es funqcia nakisri aqvT maRaziebs, Tumca umetes maTganSi xarisxis kontrols
didi yuradReba ar eqceva.
logikuria, rom msgavs sistemaSi tradiciuli rewvis produqciis xarisxi sakmaod
meryevia. ostatebis mniSvnelovani nawili ver grZnobs xarisxis standartis dacvis
aucileblobas, rasac adasturebs adgilobrivi momxmareblis (32.1%) da ucxoeli
turistis (8.8%) kvlevaSi dabali xarisxis erT-erT mniSvnelovan problemad dasaxeleba.
8.8.3. fasi
tradiciuli rewvis fasebi gansxvavdeba da moicavs yvela kategoriis produqcias
dawyebuli iafiani sasuveniro nawarmidan damTavrebuli eqskluziuri ZviradRirebuli
nivTebiT. Tumca dargis da momxmareblis specifikidan gamomdinare procentulad iafi
kategoriis produqcia sWarbobs. am kategoriaSi Sedis suvenirebi (xSirad iaffasiani da
sakmaod uxarisxo) da yvelaze didi funqciuri kategoriis – aqsesuqrebis SedarebiT
iafi nawili. warmoebuli saxeobebis 32.9%-i 20 laramde Rirebulebisaa, xolo kidev
28.9% 20-dan 50 laramde.
cxrili 10. produqciis ganawileba fasis mixedviT
Rirebuleba
larebSi
% ganawileba tradiciuli rewvis
produqciaSi
<20 32.9%
21-50 28.9%
51-100 13.0%
101-500 16.4%
501-1000 4.0%
>1000 4.6%
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aRniSnuli miuTiTebs, rom arsebuli xarisxis, dizainis, cnobadobis, popularobis da
sxva maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT tradiciuli rewvis mwarmoeblebis mier
dawesebuli fasebi momxmareblisTvis maRalia, miuxedavad imisa rom produqciis nawili,
gayidvis pirdapiri arxebis saSualebiT, Tavad mwarmoeblis fasSi iyideba, xolo
nawili mxolod erTi rgolis – maRaziebis fasnamatiT (30-dan -50% mde).
cxadia, rom qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis TviTRirebuleba ver gauwevs
konkurencias ganviTarebad qveynebs, sadac muSaxelis Rirebuleba Zalze dabalia.
magaram, amave dros, sferoSi moRvawe ostatebis kooperaciis, momijnave dargebTan
TanamSromlobis gziT SesaZlebelia nedleulze danaxarjebis Semcireba.
arsebul viTarebaSi did mniSvnelobas iZens qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis brendireba,
sazogadoebaSi misi popularobis da prestiJulobis amaRleba, rac gazrdis
tradiciuli rewvis faseulobas.
8.8.4. SefuTva da wardgena
dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis produqciis umetesobas, rogorc wesi,
ar gaaCnia sacalo SefuTva da msoflioSi miRebuli standartis mixedviT Sedgenili
Tamxlebi informacia
Tamnxlebi informaciis mTavari funqcia:
(a) momxmareblis informireba produqciis damzadebis adgilis, masalis da
moxmarebis Sesaxeb;
(b) informaciis miwodeba produqciis kulturuli konteqstis, istoriis da im
xalxis Sesaxeb, vis mierac aris damzadebuli produqcia
(g) produqciis zomisa da feris gansazRvra.
arsebuli saerSaToriso standartis mixedviT Tanmxlebi informacia unda moicavdes
Semdegs:
(a) produqciis funqciis, istoriul-kulturuli konteqstis aRwera-daxasiaTebas;
(b) produqtis masalis/zomis daxasiaTebas; (saRebavebi, damRebi Zvirfasi liTonebi:
oqro da vercxli a.S)
(c) moxmarebis wesis Sesaxeb informacias (garecxvis, gaSrobis da gauTavebis
instruqciebi);
(d) sainformacio iarliyi produqtis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb: janmrTeloba da
usafrTxoeba (saTamaSoebi, saRebavebi, qimikatebi...); xanZris dros riski,
(e) avtoris/organizaciis saxels, sakontaqto informacias da damzadebis qveynis
miniSnebas.
Tanmxlebi informaciis meSveobiT produqciis Rirebuleba matulobs, vinaidan
momxmareblisTvis naTeli xdeba misi kulturuli Rirebuleba da tradiciuli
funqciuri da simboluri datvirTva.
SefuTva prodquciis brendirebis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia, rac aseve ignorirebulia
mravali ostatis mier. Tumca adgilobrivi momxmareblis 15% da ucxoeli turistis
11.5% SefuTvas qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis mTavar naklad miiCnevs.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania wardgena-eqsponirebis sakiTxi, romelic marketinigis
mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. am aspeqtis arasaTanado aRqmas vawydebiT ara mxolod
calkeuli ostatebis, aramed maRaziebis, gansakuTrebiT ki suvenirebis salonebis
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istoriali
Tbilisi, niko nikolaZis 7,
tel. +995322931335
brendi” istoriali” momxmarebels sTavazobs qarTuli
oqromWedlobis uZvelesi da unikaluri nimuSebis mixedviT Seqmnil
samkaulis da mcire plastikis, sufris aqsesuarebis, keramikis da
tradiciuli xalxuri rewvis nimuSebis farTo arCevans. koleqciaSi
warmodgenil yovel nivTs axlavs SefuTva da informacia, romlis
meSveobiTad gaecnobiT motivebis uZvelesi originalebis istorias.
SemTxvevaSi, sadac garda imisa, ar aris produqciis xarisxis kontroli, eqspoziciac
sruliad SemTxveviT, qaotur xasiaT atarebs.
8.8.5. momxmarebeli
momxmareblis TvalTaxedvis kvlevisTvis gamoyenebul iqna adgilobrivi momxmareblis
da ucxoeli turistis kiTxvari. vinaidan kvlevis pirveladi mizani tradiciuli rewvis
resursebis da mwarmoebelTa Seswavla iyo, kvlevis resursebis dazogvis mizniT,
momxmareblebis kvleva mcire masStabiT Catarda da ZiriTadi tendenciebis dadgeniT
Semoifargla. kvlevis procesSi gamokiTxul iqna 101 adgilobrivi momxmarebeli da 150
ucxoeli turisti. marTalia ar ganxorcielebula winaswari SerCeva, magram savele
jgufis mier interviuebi Catarda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi tradiciuli rewvis
savaWro obieqtTan da festivalebsa Tu bazrobebze, sadac am dargiT dainteresebuli
momxarebeli iyo warmodgenili.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo tradiciuli rewvis momxmarebelTa umetesoba qalia, maTi
wili adgilobriv momxmareblebSi 73.3% xolo turistebSi 62.9%. asakobrivi jgufebis
mixedviT yvelaze aqtiuri orive SemTxvevaSi 26-35 da 46-55 jgufebis warmomadgenlebi
arian.
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cxrili 11. momxmareblis asakobrivi struqtura
ასაკობრივიჯგუფი ადგილობრივიმომხმარებელი % ტურისტი %
<18 6.9 4.5
19-25 20.8 10.1
26-35 25.7 22.5
36-45 13.9 20.2
46-55 23.8 22.5
56< 8.9 9.0
ucnauria adgilobriv momxmareblebSi 36-45 asakobrivi jgufis Zalze mcire procenti -
13.9%. samwuxarod, momxmarebelTa Soris ar Catarebula kvleva maTi tradiciul
rewvasTan damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, amitom rTulia am suraTis axsna arsebuli
monacemebiT.
zogadi tendenciiT ucxoeli turisti mets xarjavs tradiciuli rewvis nimuSebze
vidre adgilobrivi momxmarebeli. magaliTad 50 larze naklebi Rirebulebisas
yidulobs qarTvelTa 48.5% maSin rodesac ucxoelebSi es maCvenebeli mxolod 22.7%-ia.
xolo 500 laramde xarjavs adgilobrivis momxmareblis 95% da ucxoelis 70.5.
Sesabamisad 500 larze ZviradRirebul kategoriaSi ucxoeli turistebi Warboben. Tumca
arsaniSnavia, rom adgilobrivi momxmarebelis meti procenti iZens nimuSebs 101-200 da
201-500 laris kategoriaSi, rac vfiqrobT rom miuTiTebs adgilobrivi momxmarebelSi
arsebul pontencialze, rac ar aris gamyarebuli saTanado asortimentiT, vinaidan
dargSi arsebuli zogadi aRqmiT tradiciulir ewvis ZiriTad momxmarebels ucxolebei
warmoadgenen rac Tavis gavlenas axdes warmoebuli produqciis funqcionalur
daniSnulebaze da dizainze.
grafiki 23. ucxoeli turistis da adgilobrivi momxmareblis mier tradiciuli
rewvis produqciaze daxarjuli Tanxebis ganawileba
0.010.020.030.040.050.0
%
GEL
უცხ. ტურისტი
ადგილობრივი მომხმარებელი
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
89
marTalia kvlevam mxolod individualuri momxmareblebi moicva, magram ostatebis
gamokiTxvam cxadyo, rom rewvis dRevandel bazarze aseve arseboben korporatiuli
klientebi. marTalia ostatTa mxolod 13.7% yidis Tavis produqcias am kategoriaze,
magram korporatiuli klientebi metad TanamSromloben sawarmoebTan da savaWro
obeqtebTan. Sesabamisad izrdeba maTi wilic – sawarmoebisTvis 28.61% xolo savaWro
obieqtisTvis 37.5%, Tumca yvela SemTxvevaSi korporatiul myidvelze gayiduli
produqcia rogorc wesi 20% zRvarSi eqceva.
cxrili 12. ostatis, sawarmos da savaWro obieqtis gayidvebis struqtura
momxmareblebis mixedviT
gamokiTxvis Sedegad aseve gaanalizebuli iqna moTxovna sxvadasxva tipis produqciaze.
gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom rogorc adgilobrivi momxmareblelSi (32.6%), aseve ucxoel
turistebSi (32.4%) yvelaze didi popularobiT samkauli sargeblobs. mas mniSvnelovnad
CamorCeba suvenirebi, Sesabamisad 19% da 18.9%. Zalain mcirea moTxovna avejze (am
kategoriis ZiriTadi myidveli korportaiuli klientebia (ZiriTadad sazogadoebrivi
kvebis obieqtebi, romelTa gamokiTxva ar momxdara) da iaraRze.
moTxovna-miwodebis analizisTvis Sedarebul iqna ostatebis mier warmoebuli
funqciuri jgufebis procenti da maTze arsebuli moTxovna. marTalia es monacemebi
produqciis TiToeul jgufSi gayidvebis da warmoebuli produqciis raodenobrivi
maCveneblebis gareSe ar iZleva naTel suraTs, magram sagulisxmoa mniSvnelovani
gansxvaveba samkaulis da aqsesuarebis jgufebSi. Tu pirvel SemTxvevaSi samkaulis
warmoebaSi CarTulia ostatebis mxolod 13.59%, xolo samkaulze momxmareblis
moTxovna bevrad meti - 32 %-ia, aqsesuarebis SemTxvevaSi suraTi sapirispiroa,
ostatebis mier warmoebuli aqsesuarebis procenti - 27.95%, mniSvnelovnad aRemateba
masze arsebul moTxovnas, romelic mxolod 8.5 %-ia.
miwodeba-moTxovnaSi arsebuli xarvzebi gamovlinda savaWro obieqtebis gamokiTxvaSic.
maTi 28% aRniSnavs, rom bolo wlis ganmavlobaSi SeqmniaT deficiti tradiciuli
rewvis ama Tu im produqciaze, rac Tavis mxriv, miuTiTebs mwarmoebelsa da
realizators Soris koordinaciis naklebobasa da zogierTi produqciis SemTxvevaSi
warmadobis dabal maCvenebeze.
გაყიდვების %
ადგილობრივიმომხმარებელი ტურისტი კორპორატიულიკლიენტი
ოსტატი საწარმო სავაჭროობიექტი ოსტატი საწარმო
სავაჭროობიექტი ოსტატი საწარმო
სავაჭროობიექტი
% % %
0 11.2 20.0 9.36 34.4 45.7 9.38 86.4 71.39 62.5
20%-მდე 10.93 20.0 34.38 12.8 8.6 25.84 8.27 11.43 34.38
40%-მდე 18.67 17.1 9.38 10.4 8.6 5.84 1.87 8.57 3.13
60%-მდე 18.13 11.4 21.88 24.53 25.7 4.16 1.33 5.71
80%-მდე 10.93 11.4 12.50 13.87 8.6 2.50 0.8
100%-მდე
30.13 20.0 8.93 4 2.9 4.16 1.33 2.9
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
90
cxrili 13. mwarmoeblis da momxmareblis procentuli ganawileba produqciis
funqcionaluri jgufebis mixedviT
პროდუქცია ოსტატების განაწილება ფუნქც. ჯგუფების მიხედვით
%
ადგილობრივი მომხმარებელი %
ტურისტი
%
აქსესუარი(ფეხსაცმელი, ქამარი, ჩანთა, ქისა)
27.95 8.1% 8.6%
სამკაული 13.59
32.6% 32.4%
იარაღი 1.54 2.7% 2.7%
მუსიკალურისაკრავი 2.69 4.3% 4.3%
ჭურჭელი 8.21 7.1% 7.0%
სათმაშო (თოჯინა, სხვა) 4.10 7.6% 7.5%
ტანსაცმელი 4.10 10.9% 10.8%
რელიგიური დანიშნულების ნაკეთობა
5.13 3.8% 3.8%
ავეჯი 2.95 1.6% 1.6%
სუვენირი 11.54 19.0% 18.9%
მიჭირსპასუხისგაცემა 2.2% 2.2%
8.8.6. distribucia
kvlevis dros naTlad gamovlinda, rom tradiciuli rewvaSi ar arsebobs distirbuciis
meqanizmebi. ostatebi Tavad axdenen savaWro obieqtebisTvis produqciis miwodebas, rac
maTgan damatebiT droiT da transportirebis danaxarjebs moiTxovs da zRudavs
distribuciis areals. aRniSnuli gansakuTrebiT problematuria regionSi
macxovreblebisTvis, romlebic metad arian moSorebulni ZiriTad bazars - Tbiliss.
Sesabamisad, tradiciuli rewvis produqciis mimoqceva saqarTvelos teritoriaze
sakmaod SezRudulia. Tbilisis gareT mcxovrebi ostatebis mxolod 30% awvdis Tavis
namuSevrebs dedaqalaqs da Tbiliseli ostatebisTvis mxolod 17% akeTebs namuSevrebis
realizacias regionebSi.
8.8.7. gayidvebis arxebi
tradiciuli rewvis nawarmis realizacia saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs gayidvebis
rogorc pirdapiri gziT ostati-saboloo momxmarebeli, aseve Suamavlis saSualebiT.
sul gamokiTxvisas dasaxelda gayidvis Semdegi arxebi:
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
91
pirdapiri: (1) SekveTiT; (2) saxelosno; (3) Ria bazroba; (4) festivali, dReoba; (5)
internet gayidvebi
arapirdapiri/Suamavlis saSualebiT: sxvadasxva tipis maRaziebi
rogorc kvlevam aCvena, ostatebis 57.6% TavianTi namuSevrebis 60%-ze metis
realizacias erTi romelime arxiT axdens. amave dros ostatTa 81.3% gayidvebis mxolod
3 an nakleb arxs mimarTavs, rac miuTiTebs imaze, rom ostatebi arsebuli
komercializaciis sistemaSi ver axdenen gayidvebis arxebis diversifikacias. ufro
metic, kiTxvaze ra gzebiT axdenT Tqveni namuSevrebis realizacias gamokiTxvis dros
271-jer dasaxelda gayidvis pirdapiri arxebi, xolo arapirdapiri - mxolod 184-jer.
pirdapiri arxebidan wamyvani roli saxelosnoebidan (ostatebis 56.09%) gayidvas
uWiravs. amasTan ostatTa 21.9% Tavis namuSevrebis 80% saxelosnodan yidis. SekveTebis
% sakmaod dabalia 9.23%, Tumca garkveulwilad SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom
gamokiTxvisas saxelosnodan gayidvaSi zogierTi ostati SekveTebsac gulisxmobda.
swored amaze miuTiTebs is faqti, rom ostTa 34.5% 6 TveSi ramdenjerme mainc iRebs
SekveTas.
calke segments warmoadgens Ria bazrobebi (mudmivi) (12.8%), gamofena/gayidvebi dReobebi
da saxalxo dResaswaulebi (21.40%). Ria bazrobebidan aRsaniSnavia mSrali xidi
(Tbilisi), mecnierebaTa akademiis mimdebare teritoria (Tbilisi), sveticxovelis
mimdebare teritoria (mcxeTa), keramikasa da wnulze specilizirebuli SroSis bazroba
(imereTi). gansakuTrebiT dabalia internet gayidvebi, am arxiT gamokiTxul ostatTa
mxolod 1.1% sargeblos, maSin rodesac magaliTad did britaneTSi es maCvenebeli
35.3%. 58
grafiki 24. gayidvebis pirdapiri arxebi
arapirdapiri arxebSi mxolod sxvadasxva tipis savaWro obieqtebi gamovlinda.
arcerTxel ar dasaxelebulo sabiTumod movaWreni, Suamavlebi an sxva msgavsi
rgolebi.
maRaziis tipis savaWro obieqtebSi gamoiyo 5 ZiriTadi jgufi:
58 Crafts in an Age of Change p. 26
9.23
56.09
12.18
21.4
1.11
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
შეკვეთით
სახელოსნო
ღია ბაზრობა
რეწვის ბაზრობა, ფესტივალი/დღეობა
ინტერნეტ გაყიდვები
%
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
92
(1) suvenirebis maRaziebi –
obieqtebi, romlebic dabali da
saSualo Rirebulebis da
xarisxis produqcias sTavazoben
momxmarebels.
(2) salonebi – gamoirCevian
SedarebiT maRali xarisxis
produqciiT, romelic gaTvlilia ara
mxolod turistze, aramed
adgilobriv momxmarebelzec
(3) maRazia/galereebi – galereebTan
arsebuli maRaziebi, romlebic ufro
maRalmxatvrul, metwilad Sereuli
da Tanamedrove dizainis produqcias
sTavazoben momxmarebels. amave
kategorias mivakuTneT art-kafeebis
salonebi.
(4) samuzeumo maRaziebi
(5) Sereuli maRaziebi (romlebic sxva produqcisTan erTad rewvis produqciasac
yidian).
(6) saeklesio maRaziebi
kvlevis dros gamokiTxuli iqna 32 maRazia, ix. % ganawileba.
Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom samuzeumo maRaziebis wili realobaSi mniSvnelovand
dabalia, vinaidan kvlevis dros gamokiTxul iqna am tipis obieqtebis svaraudod 90%,
maSin rodesac danarCeni tipis maRaziebis uxeSi SefasebiT 70%. aseve ganmartebas
saWiroebs saeklesio maRaziebis dabali %. miuxedavad imisa, rom am tipis obieqtebi
sakmaod mravladaa saqarTveloSi, isini metwilad Semotanili produqciiT vaWroben da
mxolod iSviaT SemTxvevebSi qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciiT. eWvgareSea
suvenirebis maRaziebis yvelaze maRali procentuli wili. gamokiTxul ostatTa
umetesoba – 67% Tavisi produqciis garkveul nawils am tipis maRaziebSi ukeTebs
realizacias.
grafiki 26. gayidvebis arapirdapiri arxebi
3
7
8
14
67
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
შერეული მაღაზია
საეკლესიო მაღაზია
სამუზეუმო მაღაზია
გალერეის მაღაზია
სუვენირების სალონი
%
შერეული მაღაზია
18%
სამუზეუმო
მაღაზია 21%
გალერეა/სალონი
21%
სალონი 6%
სუვენირების
მაღაზია 28%
საეკლესიო
მაღაზია 6%
grafiki 25.savaWro obieqtebis tipologia
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
93
geografiuli ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT maRaziebis koncentracia TbilisSia, sadac
ganlagebulia gamokiTxul obieqtTa 60%. Semdeg modis baTumi, mcxeTa da gori.
8.8.8. eqsporti
saqarTvelos eqsportSi tradiciuli rewvis gamoyofa praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. maSin
rodesac xelovnebis nimuSebi calsaxad aris gamoyofili sasaqonlo kodebSi.
magaliTad59:
9701 სურათები, ნახატები და პასტელები, ხელით შესრულებული
9702 გრავიურების, ესტამპების და ლითოგრაფიების დედნები
9703 ქანდაკებების და სტატუეტების დედნები ნებისმიერი მასალისაგან
tradiciuli rewvis SesaZlo produqciis kategoriebSi ar xdeba xeliT da manqaniT
Sesrulebuli nimuSebis gamijnva. miT umetes SeuZlebelia tradiciuli rewvis gamoyofa
Tanamdrove xelsaqmisgan. magaliTad38:
6001 ხაოიანი ტილო ტრიკოტაჟისა, მანქანით ან ხელით ნაქსოვი
6002 სხვა ტრიკოტაჟის ტილო, მანქანით ან ხელით ნაქსოვი
6004 ტრიკოტაჟის ტილოები მანქანით ან ხელით ნაქსოვი, სიგანით 30 სმ-ზე მეტი,
eqsportis Sesaxeb mwiri informaciis mopovebul SesaZlebeli gaxda Catarebuli
kvlevis dros. gamokiTxul ostatTa mxolod 5.8% aRniSna, rom namuSevrebs yidis
sazRvargareT. maTi daaxloebiT 50% namuSevrebs saerTaSoriso bazrobebze waradgens,
rac dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi ar warmoadgens sistematur praqtikas da, rogorc wesi,
drodadro xorcieldeba sferoSi moRvawe sxvadasxva organizaciebis mier. rogorc
warmatebuli praqtika SeiZleba aRiniSnos 2007 wels saqarTvelos teqstilis jgufis
monawileoba santa fes bazrobaze, sadac pirdapirma gayidvebma 12000 aSS dolari
Seadgina, xolo SekveTebis odenobam 3000 aSS dolari. 60 Tumca gamofenebze da
bazrobebze warmatebuli monawileoba mniSvnalovnad aris dakavSirebuli
sistmaturobasTan da Tanmimdevrul politikasTan.
SedarebiT stabilur eqsports ewevian ostatebi, romlebic sazRvargareT namuSevrebis
realizacias eqspatriati axloblebis saSualebiT axdenen. aRniSnuli ostatebi Tavisi
namuSevrebis 60%-dan-100%-mde eqsportze yidian. es kidev erTxel miuTiTebs, rom
qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis saeqsporto bazris moZieba dRevandeli
mdgomareobiTac aris SesaZlebeli, Tumca saWiroa xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebi da am
mimarTulebiT komerciuli saqmianobis waxaliseba.
59 saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=136&lang=geo
60 Baseline Survey to Evaluate Folk Art Development in Georgia. Art Gene. 2010. p. 11
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
94
8.8.9. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi
1. saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvas ar gaaCnia raime saxis sadistribucio qseli
rac mniSvnelovnad zrudav produqciis mimoqcevas teritoriaze
2. tradiciuli rewvis bazarze dRes daaxloebiT 500-mde dasaxelebis produqtia
warmodgenili. gamokiTxul ostatTa yvelaze didi kategoria - 27.93% aqsesuarebs
awarmoebs, meore adgilzea samkaulebi (12.4%). 3. produqciaSi Warbobs tradiciuli teqnologiebi – gamokiTxul ostatTa 77.6% da
Sereuli dizainis mqone namuSevrebi - ostatTa 47.3%. 4. dizains da tradiciebTan kavSirs qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis nimuSebis mTavar
Rirsebad miiCnevs adgilobrivi momxmarebelis Sesabamisad 22.7% da 37.3%, aseve ucxoeli
turistebis 30% da 27.3% 5. produqciis umetesoba ganicdis inovaciurobis, dRevandel yofasTan misadagebis
deficits 6. produqcia metwilad orientirebulia ucxoel myidvelze, rac zRudavs
momxmareblis kategoriebs da iwvevs gayidvebis sezonurobas 7. tradiciul rewvaSi ar moqmedebs xarisxis kontrolis raime gamarTuli
meqanizmi, rac produqciis xarisxSi mniSvnelovan gansxvavebebs iwvevs
8. momxmareblis TvalsazrisiT produqciis maRali TviTRirebuleba warmoadgens
tradiciuli rewvis erT-erT mniSvnelovan problemas
9. adgilobriv bazarze ZiriTadi momxmarebels warmoadgenen qalebi (adgilobrivi
momxmareblis 73.3% da ucxoeli turistis 62.9%) da 26-35 da 46-55 asakobrivi jgufis
warmomadgenlebi.
10. ostatebis 81.3% gayidvebis 3 an nakleb arxs mimarTavs, amaTan metad gamoiyeneba
gayidvebis pirdapiri arxebi, rac erTi mxriv distribuciis qselis ar arsebobiT da
meore mxriv savaWro obieqtebTan TanamSromlobisTvis sagadasaxado statusis saWiroeba
ganapirobebs.
11. tradiciuli rewvis saqarTvelos eqsportSi gamoyofa ver xerxdeba sasaqonlo
kodebSi misi gamijnvis SeuZleblobis gamo. marTalia ostatebis 5.8% aRniSnavs, rom
namuSevrebis realizacias eqsportis gziT axorcielebs, magram, rogorc wesi es
arastabiluri da wyvetili procesia.
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tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
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8.9. Semosavlebi
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, tradiciuli rewva oficialur statistikaSi ar aisaxeba. amgvar
viTarebaSi dargSi arsebuli Semosavlebis da gayidvebis Sesaxeb informaciis erTaderT
wyaros kvlevisTvis kiTxvarebis analizi warmoadgenda.
tradiciuli rewvis gamokiTxuli ostatebis wliuri Semosavali zogadad 100 laridan
50000 laramde meryeobs. ostatebis yvelaze didi kategoriis (31.9%) wliuri Semosavali
101-500 laramdea, daaxloebiT 65%-is saqarTveloSi mamakacis 2011 wlis saarsebo
minimumze (1893 l. weliwadSi) 61 da TiTqmis 90%-is 2011 wlis saSualo xelfasze (7632 l.)
naklebi. mTlianad rewvisTvis saSualo wliuri Semosavali 2820 lars Seadgen. maSin
rodesac aSS-Si 2001 wels tradiciul rewvaSi CarTul ostatTa saSualo Semosavali
xarjebis gareSe 50000 aSS dolars Seadgenda, rac qveyanaSi saSualo Semosavals 26%-iT
aRemateboda62.
amgvari situaciis mizezebi garda ukve ganxiluli sakanonmdeblo, bazris, distribuciis
da sxva sakiTxebisa, mniSvnelovnad aris ganpirobebuli im faqtiT, rom saqarTveloSi
tradiciuli rewvas arc saxelmwifo da arc sazogadoeba ar miiCnevs ekonomikis erT-
erT dargad da potencialis mqone biznesad. tradiciuli rewvis dominanturi aRqma
daaxloebiT aseTia - saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis nawili, romelic dacvas
da SenarCunebas saWiroebs. dargi romelic aseve warmoadgens damatebiTi mcire
Semosvlis wyaros. meoradi da hobis tipis saqmianoba. diasaxlisebisTvis garkveuli
Semosavlis wyaro. msgavsi damokidebuleba Warbobs ara marto sazogadoebaSi, aramed
TviT dargSic. magaliTad gamokiTxuli ostatebis mxolod 2.1% sargeblobs buRaltris
momsaxurebiT, rac calsaxad miuTiTebs imaze, rom dargs aklia biznes midgoma. maSin
rodesac aSS-Si tradiciuli rewvis sferos brunva 2001 w. 13.8 miliard aSS dolars
Seadgenda da erT rigSi idga iseT dargebTan rogoricaa fexsacmelebis warmoeba- $41.6 mlrd., Jurnalebi - $31.9 mlrd., taqsebis biznesi $3.7 mlrd., aviabileTebi - $29.5 mlrd.,
Tambaqo - $ 2.4 mlrd. 63.
arsebul viTarebaSic ki navaraudevi iyo, rom gansxvavebebi iqneboda sxvadasxva
midgomis mqone ostatebis SemosavlaSi. vinaidan ganxorcielebuli kvleva ar moicavda
ostatebis damokidebulebebis analizis komponents, ganmasxvavebel niSnad miCneul iqna
sagadasaxado uwyebaSi registracia, rac Cveni azriT garkveulwilad gulisxmobs
individis mier sakuTari samewarmeo saqmianobisadmi seriozul damokidebulebas.
grafiki 27-ze naCvenebia wliuri Semosavlebi sxvadasxva jgufis ostatebisTvis. rogorc
vxedavT, yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli aris teqstilSi, sadac ostatebis 80.1%
dauregistrirebelia. am jgufSi 5000 larze naklebi modis ostatebis 93.3%-ze, maSin
rodesac registrirebuli ostatebisTvis es maCvenebeli 78.7%, xolo daregistirebuli
kaci ostatebisTvis 68.2%.
Tu tradiciul rewvaSi grafikze moyvanil Semosavlebis procentul ganawilebas
ZiriTad tendenciad miviRebT, maSin SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tradiciul rewvaSi
dasaqmebuli ostatebis wliuri brunva 2.7 milion laramdea.
61 საქართველოს სტატისტისკის ეროვნული სამსახური. http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=178&lang=geo 62 A report on traditional Crafts and Economic Developemnt in Michigan . 2006. p.19 http://www.craftworksmichigan.org/craftworksreport.pdf
63 A report on traditional Crafts and Economic Developemnt in Michigan . 2006. p.19 http://www.craftworksmichigan.org/craftworksreport.pdf
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grafiki 27. tradiciuli rewvis sxvadasxva kategoriis
ostatebis ganawileba saS. wliuri Semosavlebis mixedviT
magram aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom msgavs gamokiTxvebSi mudmivad ikveTeba respodentebis
mxridan Semosavlebis Semcirebis tendencia. Sedarebis mizniT saSualo Semosavalis
gaangariSeba moxda meore meTodiTac. kerZod, gamoTvlili iqna wlis ganmavlobaSi
warmoebuli produqciis Rirebuleba. vinaidan tradiciul rewvaSi namuSevrebi did
partiebad ar iwarmoeba da, rogorc wesi, ostatebis mier iqmneba realizaciis mixedviT,
yevlaze pesimisturi prognoziT navaraudevi iyo, rom ostati yidis damzadebuli
produqciis 60%-s. am gziT miRebuli Sedegis mixedviT saSualo Semosavali Seadgens
daaxloebi 7300 lars, xolo tradiciuli rewvis ostatebis mTliani brunva daaxloebiT
12 mln. lars.
sagulisxmoa rom ostatebis Zalze mcire nawili awarmoebs gayidvebis da xarjebis
aRricxvas, rac sakmaod arTulebs maTTvis Semosavlebis realuri sididis da miT
umetes sufTa mogebis gansazRvravs. Sesabamisad, seqtoris sididis dasazusteblad
moyvanili monacemebi saWiroebs Semdgom gadamowmebas da informaciis sxvadasxva
wyarosTan Sepirispirebas..
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, dReisaTvis tradiciuli rewvaSi Semosavlebis saSualod dabali
done eWvs gareSea, Tumca sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis, sazogadoebaSi
damkvidrebuli damokidebulebis, saxelmwifos mxridan xelSewyobis ararsebobis, biznes
midgomebis naklebobis fonze mdomareoba, SesaZloa, kidev ufro mZime yofiliyo.
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
<100
101-500
501-1000
1001-5000
5001-10000
10001-20000
20001-50000
%
ლარ
ი
ტექსტილის ოსტატები
დარეგისტრირებული ოსტატები
დარეგისტირებული კაცი ოსტატები
მთლიანად რეწვის ოსტატები
saqarTveloSi მამაკაცის საარსებო მინიმუმი 2011w. (wliuri 1893 l)
saqarTveloSi saSualo xelfasi
2011w. (wliuri 7632l)
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iuridiuli pirebis Semosavlebze saubari rTulia ramdenime mizezis gamo. am
kategoriaSi gamokiTxuli erTeulebidan sakmaod dabali procenti (35.5%) iyo
daregistrirebuli Sps-d, danarCeni organizaciebi warmoadgendnen a(a)ip an
dauregistrirebel erTeulebis, romlebic faqtiurad ar arian TavianTi arsiT
komerciuli organizaciebi da tradiciul rewvas misdeven TavianTi beneficiarebis
dasaqmebis an mimdinare programebis farglebSi. amave dros Zalze mcire iyo
gamovlenili organizaciebis mTliani raodenobac, rac ar iZleva miRebuli Sedegebis
ganzogadebis safuZvels. magaliTisTvis, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gamovlenili
warmatebuli sawarmoebis wliuri brunva naxevar milions aRemateba.
8.10. saganmanaTleblo baza saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da maTi mimoxilva
istoriulad industria Segirdobis (meisterchaft) institutze dayrdnobiT ganviTarda.
Sesabamisad, dResac SemoqmedebiTi industriebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas, formalur da
araformalur wavlebas ganaTlebis yvela doneze. am sakiTxs Seexo 2005 wlis
belfastis konferencia, romelzec ganxiluli ganaTlebis da swavlebis problemebi.
aqve gamoikveTa SemoqmedebiTi orientaciis mniSvneloba ganaTlebis yvela sferosTvis,
aseve saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi SemoqmedebiTi industriebisaTvis saWiro unarebis
CarTvis aucilebloba.
aseve unda aRiniSnos, aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis da Sesabamisad
tradiciuli rewvis dacva-SenarCunebis upirvelesi gzac, swored saganmanaTleblo
procesis da Taobidan Tobaze gadacemis uzrunvelyofaa.
dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis swavleba sxvadasxva formaluri da
araformaluri gzebiT mimdinareobs. Tumca am sferoSi codnis damoukideblad
SeZenasac mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. Catarebuli kvlevis analizma aCvena, rom
dRevandlamde ostatebis umetesoba swored am gziT CaerTo tradiciul rewvaSi (32.1%).
codnis gadacemaSi daaxloebiT Tanabar rols TamaSobda erTi mxriv profesiuli da
umaRlesi saswavleblebi (Sesabamisad 15% da 16.8%), meore mxriv ki memkvidreobiToba
(14.2%) da sxva ostatisgan (13.4) codnis miReba.
aRsaniSnavia rom, dReisaTvis es tendenciebi savaraudod icvleba. gamokiTxuli
ostatebis sakmaod didi nawili - 31.3% CarTulia saswavlo procesSi. Tumca maTi
umetesoba (30.8%) profesiul saswavleblebSi aswavlis, 20.5% - Segirdebs, da mxolod
12% _ sakuTar ojaxis wevrebsa da naTesavebs.
tradiciuli rewvis saswavlo dawesebulebi dReisaTvis moicavs: umaRles
saswavlerblebs, profesiul saswavleblebs, saxelmwifo dawesebulebebTan arsebul
skola-saxelosnoebs, municipalur saxelovnebo skolebTan, sapatriarqos samrevlo
skolebTan arsebul saxelosnoebs. aseve dasaqmebaze orientirebuli profesiuli
gadamzadebis sxvadasxva kursebs. aRniSnul jaWvSi faqtiurad ar aris CarTuli
skolamdeli da saSualo ganaTlebis dawesebulebebi.
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grafiki 28. gamokiTxuli ostatebis ganawileba
miRebuli codnis arxebis mixedviT
saxelmwifo universitetebi (mag. Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia) arsebuli
dizainis fakulteti moicavs Semdeg mimarTulbebs:
• mxatvruli keramika
• mxatvruli mina
• teqstilis dizaini
• modis dizaini
• samrewvelo dizaini
• xis mxatvruli damuSavebis da avejis dizaini
• samkauli da liTonis dekoratiuli plastika
• lurji sufris kvleviTi laboratoria
Sesabamisad, Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa da dizainis garda swavlebis procesSi
CarTulia tradiciuli teqnologiebisa da dizainis swavlebac.
Tumca umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebSi miRebuli profesiuli codna gansxvavdeba
xalxuri zepirsityvieri tradiciisagan, romelTan ufro mWidro kavSiric mxolod
gaamdidrebs dizainis kursdamTavrebul profesionalebs.
rogorc kvlevam aCvena, tradiciuli rewvis swavlebis mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebs municipaluri saxelovnebo skolebi, romlebic qveynis masStabiT
gvxvdeba. saxviTi xelovnebis garda maT programaSi xSirad vxvdebiT teqstilis, xeze
kveTis, liTonze plastikis, keramikis, minanqris saswavlo kursebs. aqve unda aRiniSnos,
15.0
14.2
13.4
32.1
16.8
7.8
.3 .5
%
პროფესიულ სასწავლებელში
მემკვიდრეობით გადმომეცა ჩემი წინაპრებისგან
ვისწავლე სხვა ოსტატისაგან სახელოსნოში
თვითნასწავლი ოსტატი ვარ
უმაღლესი სასწავლებელი
ტრადიციული რეწვის შემსწავლელი კურსები
ვისწავლე მეგობრისგან
ვისწავლე სასულიერო აკადემიაში
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rom es kursebi ZiriTadad mozardi axalgazrdobisTvisaa gankuTvnili. aqve unda
aRiniSnos saskolo programebSic ostatebis dasaqmebac, Tumca samwuxarod zogierT
SemTxvevaSi pedagogebis SerCevisas ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli regionSi arsebuli ufro
Rirebuli adamianuri resursebis arseboba, rac Tavis mxriv saganmanaTleblo da
kulturul wreebs Soris arakoordinirebuli moqmedebis Sedegia.
tradiciuli rewvis swavlebis da gavrcelebis TvalsazrisiT uniSvnelovanesi adgili
uWiravs sapatriarqos samrevlo skolebTan da monastrebTan arsebul saxelosnoebs,
rogorc TbilisSi, ise regionebSi (fokani, snos minanqris saxelosnoebi, axalcixis
sasuliero saswavlebeli, varZiis dedaTa monasteris qargvis, moxeuri Teqis da mravali
sxva saxelosno). bunebrivia, aRniSnuli saganmanaTleblo centrebis umTavres
mimarTulebas saeklesio xelovnebis ganviTareba da maTi tradiciebis gagZelebaa
(oqromkediT qargva, Weduri xatebi, xis saekesio nivTebi, minanqris xatebi, jvrebi da
sxva), Tumca aqve vxvdebiT naqargobiTa, minanqriT, TeqiT Sesrulebul saero
namuSevrebsac.
gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos dasaqmebaze orientirebuli profesiuli gadamzadebis
kursebi da arasamTavrobo iniciativebi, romelTa meSveobiTac araerTi “axali” ostati
Semata seqtors. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mdidaria Teqis da minanqris teqnologiuri
jgufebi. aRniSnul kursdamTavrebulTa maxasiaTebelia namuSevrebis SedarebiT
masobrivi xasiaTi, dabali xarisxi, Tumca bunebrivia, gvxvdeba gamonaklisebic. aseve
SeimCneva tendencia, rom kursdamTavrebulTa mxolod mcire procenti agrZelebs
SemdgomSi aRniSnul dargSi moRvaweobas. gvxvdeba gansakuTrebiT warmatebuli
SemTxvevebic, rodesac saxezea produqciis xarisxisa da dizainis daxvewa da rewvis
Semosavlis wyarod qceva.
calke unda aRiniSnos rewvis mimarTulebiT sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebis
aucilebloba, romelic aseve mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli ganaTlebis sferosTan. kvlevam
daadastura, rom tradiciuli rewvis produqciis xarisxis dabal dones xSirad swored
sazogadeobis gauTviTcnobierebloba ganapirobebs, amis magaliTia qimiuri saRebavebiT
SeRebili Teqis uxarisxo produqcis mozRvaveba bazarze.
msgavsi problemis winaaRmdeg warmatebul magaliTad SeiZleba ganvixiloT iaponiis
precedenti, sadac 2002 wlidan kiotoSi tradiciuli rewvis swavleba saSualo skolaSi
yvela doneze iqna integrirebuli. masSi 60 skola da meabreSumeobisa da keramikis
mravali cnobili ostati Caer 64 . saerTaSoriso praqtikis kidev mravali precedenti
miuTiTebs tradiciuli rewvis, rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis da
amavdroulad dasaqmebis potenciis mqone dargis ganaTlebis sferoSi integraciis
aucileblobaze.
64 www.web-japan.org/trends01/article/030221sci_r.html
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სათემო კავშირი ” ნუკრიანის” სახელოსნოები
სოფელი ნუკრიანი, სიღნაღის მუნიციპალიტეტი კულტურის სახლის შენობა, 1 სართული
ტელ. (+995 77) 202 111
ნუკრიანის” სახელოსნოები სოფელ ნუკრიანში,
საქართველოს ერთ-ერთ ულამაზეს კუთხეში - ქიზიყში
მდებარეობს.
ნუკრიანის სახელოსნოები 2003-2005 წლებში დაარსდა.
ყველაფერი იმით დაიწყო, რომ სოფელ ნუკრიანის
რამოდენიმე ქალბატონმა გაიარა სამკერვალო კურსები
თბილისში, ხოლო ორგანიზაცია World Vision-მა
” კავკასიური სახლის” სოფელ ნუკრიანის ფილიალს 6
საკერავი მანქანა გადასცა საჩუქრად. ამის შემდეგ შეიქმნა
სათემო კავშირიც, რომლის პროექტები ითვალისწინებდა
ახალგაზრდებისთვის და ზრდასრულთათვის სხვადასხვა
სასწავლო-საგანმანათლებლო პროგრამებს.
კავშირის ბაზაზე ქვილთის, ქსოვის, ქარგვის და თელვის
სახელოსნოები დაარსდა, სადაც სოციალურად დაუცველმა
ქალბატონებმა დაიწყეს ხელობის შესწავლა/ სრულყოფა
და შემდგომში მუშაობა. აქ მზადდება ქვილთის
გადასაფარებლები, თექის პანოები, აქსესუარები და სხვა.
სახელოსნოში შექმნილი ნამუშევრები გამოირჩევა სუფთა
შესრულებით და დამუშავების მაღალი ხარისხით.
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9. tradiciuli rewvis ZiriTadi problemebi saqarTveloSi
winamdebare kvlevam saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis seqtorSi araerTi sruliad
gansxvavebuli tipis problema gamoavlina.
9.1. organizaciuli struqtura
vinaidan tradiciuli rewva kulturis, ekonomikis, ganaTlebis da garemos dacvis sxva
mravali samTavrobo Tu arasamTavrobo rgolis saqmianobasTan ikveTeba (ix gv 49)
umTavres problemas am mimarTulebiT warmoadgens arakoordinirebuli midgoma.
magaliTad ver vxdebiT ekonomikuri waxalisebis strategiaSi tradiciuli rewvis
dargis integracias tradiciuli rewvis turistuli potencialis amaRlebas,
tradiciuli rewvis, rogorc regionaluri ganviTarebis resursis adgilobrivi
ganviTarebis strategiebSi integracis.
am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli saagentoSi
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis departamentSi Statis simcire (iseve,
rogorc am mimarTulebiT gamoyofili biujetisa), rac Tavis mxriv, xels uSlis ufro
masStaburi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas.
arakoordinirebuli midgoma Cans adgilobrivi mTavrobebis donezec. miuxedavad imisa,
rom municipalitetebTan arsebuli kulturis samsaxurebi floben informacias
regionebSi mcxovreb ostatebze, maTi bazebi arasrulia. aseve xSiria kulturis
samsaxuris TanamSromlebis gauTviTcnobiereba tradiciuli dargebis teqnologiuri
jgufebsa da specifikaSi.
aqve unda aRiniSnos saxelmwifo doneze tradiciuli rewvis da zogadad kulturis
statistikis warmoebis zogadi xasiaTi, rac droSi seqtorSi mimdinare cvliebebis
analizis saSualebas zRudavs.
organizaciuli struqturis TavlsazrisiT problemebs vawydebiT arasamTavrobo
seqtoris donezec. miuxedavad calkeuli kerZo iniciativebisa, tradiciuli rewvis
organizaciebsa da individebs Soris TanamSromlobis SemTxvevebi Zalze iSviaTia. es,
Tavis mxriv, iwvevs SromiTi da fuladi danaxarjebis araekonomiur xarjvas. ararsebobs
msgavsi kavSirebi da asociaciebi, romelic calkeul iniciativebs koordinacias
gauwevda da seqtoris interesebs daicavda. gamokiTxul ostatTa 85% saWirod miiCnevs
msgavsi asociaciis arsebobas.
9.2. iuridiuli baza
iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT, tradiciuli rewvis sferos pirveladi problema misi
identificirebis sakiTxia. "tradiciuli rewvis" zusti definicia, misi maxasiaTebeli
niSnebi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ar moipoveba, Sesabamisad saqarTvelos
samarTlebriv sivrceSi am dargis gancalkevebul regulirebis sivrces gamoyofa
faqtiurad SeuZlebelia.
qveyanaSi ar arsebobs saxelmwifo politika aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis,
aseve tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi, romliTac dadgenili iqneboda saxelmwifos
damokidebuleba tradiciuli rewvis mimarT.
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tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris regulirdeba dReisaTvis xdeba kulturuli memkvidreobis
kanoniT, romelSic aramaterialuri memkvidreoba mxolod zogadi Canaweris saxiTaa
Setanili. misi specifika ki, romelic sruliad gansxvavdeba materialuri kulturuli
memkvidreobis dacvis meqanizmebisgan ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis saaRricxvo baraTis forma da Zeglis
statusis miniWebis kriteriumebi SemuSavebulia materialuri memkvidreobis specifikis
mixedviT da ver pasuxobs akm-s Taviseburebebs.
kidev erTi normatiuli aqti saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi, sadac
dafiqsirebulia „tradiciuli rewva“ aris 2010 wlis 25 ivnisis saqarTvelos mTavrobis
№172 dadgenilebiT „saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww. saxelmwifo
strategiis damtkicebisa da saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis samTavrobo komisiis
Seqmnis Sesaxeb„ - damtkicebuli saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww.
saxelmwifo strategia, sadac „xalxuri rewva“, rogorc kulturuli turizmis
Semadgeneli erT-erTi segmenti strategiul mimarTulebad aris miCneuli, Tumca, raime
moqmedebebi an saxelmwifo aqtivoba „xalxuri rewvis“ seqtoris waxalisebis,
mxardaWeris an ganviTarebis kuTxiT jer ar dafiqsirebula.
arasrulyofilia saqarTvelos muzeumebis kanoni, romelic SeusabamobaSia saqarTvelos
kanonTan "kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb". kanonis erT-erTi xarvezia masSi
mocemuli regulaciebis bundovaneba da gaurkvevloba, rac SemdgomSi maTi araerT
mniSvnelovani ganmartebis saSualebas iZleva da mraval garTulebas iwvevs.
iuridiuli TvalsazrisT arasrulyofilia saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa
gatanisa da saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonic, romelSi arsebuli
Canaweris Sesabamisad, sabaJo organoebi valdebulni arian moiTxovon "kulturuli
faseulobis saqarTvelodan gatanis nebarTva" eTnografiul masalis gatanis SemTxvevSi,
rac sruliad bundovania, radgan misi definicia saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi
ar arsebobs. Tumca, aqve gansazRvrulia, rom "kanonis moqmedeba ar vrceldeba
Tanamedrove suveniruli xasiaTis nakeTobaze, agreTve seriuli da masobrivi warmoebis
kulturuli daniSnulebis nivTze", rac aseve Zalze pirobiTi gansazRvrebaa da
subieqtur Sefasebebs efuZneba. 65
gaurkvevelia gansazRvravs Tu ara "mewarmeTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni” tradiciuli
rewvas samewarmeo saqmianobad. vinaidan muxli1 punqtis 3-is mixedviTac samewarmeo
saqmianobad ar iTvleba fizikuri pirebis saxelovnebo, samecniero, samedicino,
arqiteqturuli, saadvokato an sanotaro, saaudito, sakonsultacio (maT Soris,
sagadasaxado konsultantTa), sasoflo-sameurneo an satyeo-sameurneo saqmianoba 66 ; am
Canaweris Sesabamisad, "saxelovnebo" saqmianoba, anu nebismieri SemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba,
romlis Sedegadac iqmneba calkeuli namuSevari ar warmoadgens samewarmeo saqmianobas
da Sesabamisad ar saWiroebs mis registracias, sagadasaxado aRricxvaze ayvanas,
buRalteriis, dokumentbrunvis mowesrigebas da salaro aparats.
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi ar sargeblobs raime speciuluri dabegvris
statusiT. arsebuli SeRavaTiani reJimi – “mikro mewarme” ver pasuxobs tardiciuli
rewvis sferos specifikas da xSir SemTxvevaSi saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan
ganTavisuflebis sanacvlod uketavs tradiciuli rewvis ostatebs produqciis gayidvis
Suamav rgolebTan urTierTobis saSualebas.
gamomdinare iqidan, rom tradiciuli rewva ostatebisTvis xSirad meoradi saqmianobaa
da aseve, vinaidan, rogorc xelovani adamianebi, isini sakmaod Sors arian biznesisgan,
65 კულტურულ ფასეულობათა საქართველოდან გატანისა და საქართველოში შემოტანის შესახებ საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 4. 66 "მეწარმეთა შესახებ" საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 1, პუნქტი 3
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maTTvis sagadasaxadosTan urTierToba sirTules warmoadgens da saWiroebs damatebiT
sakonsultacio momsaxurebas.
tradiciul rewvaze faqtiurad ver vrceldeba msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi
Setanili, erovnuli mniSvnelobis kategoriis an/da sakulto-religiuri daniSnulebis
kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis sarestavracio, sareabilitacio, saproeqto da
kvleviTi samuSaoebis Sesrulebaze dRg-gan gaTavisufleba CaTvlis uflebis gareSe,
romelic gaTvalsiwinebulia saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis 168 muxliT
ar arsiebobs kulturis sferoSi finansebis mozidvis iseTi meqanizmebi, rogoricaa
Semowirulobebsa da dafinansebaze gadasaxadebis gansakuTrebuli dabegvris reJimebi.
tradiciuli rewvis seqtors, misi biznes sferoSi dabali integraciidan gamomdinare,
erTi mxriv ar miuwvdeba xeli sakredito dafinansebaze, meores mxriv ki
seqtoraTaSorisi dafinansebi wyaroebze.
kulturis sferoSi ar arsebobs specializirebuli grantebis gamcemi saxelmwifo
fondebi. aRniSnuli saqmianoba saministros da saagentos prerogativaSia, rac zRudavs
sagranto saxsrebis wyaroebs, garkveulwilad amcirebs ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis
raodenobas da efeqtianobas.
ar aris srulyofili saavtoro uflebebis dacvis da registraciisaTvis tradiciuli
rewvis nimuSebisTvis saavtoro uflebebis miniWebis kriteriumebi.
tradiciuli rewvis rigi dargebisTvis mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens bunebrivi
resursebiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. tradiciuli rewvis sferosTvis
am kuTxiT raime SeRavaTebi dawesebuli ar aris, rac, xSir SemTxvevebSi, ostatebisTvis
nedleulis mopovebas uSlis xels da rig dargebs dakargvis saSiSroebis winaSe
ayenebs.
saxelmwifo dafinansebaSi aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba faqtiurad ar
aris an Zalze bundovnad aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
9.3. adamianuri resursebi tradiciul rewvis potenciali saqarTveloSi ar aris srulad gamoyenebuli. amJamad
sferoSi dasaqmebulia daaxloebiT 1500 individi rac saqarTvelos ekonomikurad
aqtiuri mosaxleobis mxolod 0.07%-s Seadgens;
umniSvnelovanes problemad ikveTeba axalgazrdebis mcire daintereseba, rac
tradiciuli rewvis rigi dargebis “daberebas” (gansakuTrebiT kacebis dasaqmebis
dargebi) iwvevs, aferxebs Taobidan Taobaze codnis gavrcelbas da tradiciuli
teqnikebis dakargvis saSiSroebas qmnis.
9.4. regionaluri gavrceleba
tradiciuli rewva ganuviTarebeli infrasturqturis gamo ver asrulebs Tavis rols
regionebis, da kerZod sasoflo dasaxlebebis ganviTarebaSi, razedac metyvelebs misi
koncentracia urbanul zonaSi (mwarmoebelaTa 72%).
saqarTvelos regionebSi aSkarad SeimCneva tradiciuli rewvis wamaxalisebeli
programebis da iniciativebis nakleboba
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9.5. mwarmoeblis struqtura samewarmeo statusis mixedviT
sferos umetesi nawili realurad aRuricxavia, rac arTulebs ekonomikuri statistikis
warmoebas da aseve dargis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri gegmisa da prognozebis gakeTebas.
amis mizezebad SeiZleba dasaxeldes: a. naklebi gaTviTcnobierebuloba sagadasaxado
statusebis da registraciis aucileblobis/formebis Sesaxeb; b. bundovani da rTulad
gasagebi sagadasaxado kodeqsi, romelic sagadasaxado uwyebasTan urTierTobis SiSsac
ki iwvevs. regionebSi, gasakuTrebiT soflad mcxovrebi ostatebisTvis sagadasaxadosTan
urTierTobis damatebiTi satransporto da drois danaxarjebTan kavSiri.
9.6. dargobrivi problemebi
9.6.1. teqstili
teqstilis jgufi, romelic, rogorc araerTxel aRiniSna, yvelaze didi kategorias
warmoadgens gansakuTrebiT ganicdis xarisxis problemas. es upirvelesad exeba bolo
dros masobrivad gavrcelebul Teqas, sadac xSirad vxvdebiT Telvis saxameblis
gamoyenebas (adre es xangrZlivi TelviT miiRweoda) da aseve Teqis kombinirebas sxva,
xSirad xelovnur da uxarisxo qsovilebTan.
naklebad gamocdili kadrebis mier axali tipis produqciis da gamartivebuli teqnikis
gamoyenebam umetes SemTxvevaSi Teqis produqciis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad gaauaresa.
naqargobis teqnologiur jgufSi, sadac Warbobs fSav-xevsureTisTvis tipiuri jvruli
naqargoba, SeimCneva saqarTvelos regionaluri gansxvavebebis nivelireba. bazarze
arsebuli naqargi produqciisTvis aseve damaxasiaTebelia funqciuri kategoriebis da
maTi formebis standartuloba, tipiuri formebi, romelic naklebad aris tradiciuli,
Tumca verc Tanamedrove bazris moTxovnas akmayofilebs.
iseve, rogorc Teqis nawarmSi, naqarg produqciaSic xSirad vxvdebiT dabali xarisxis
namuSevrebs, rac gamoixateba feradovani Sexamebebis siWreleSi. es erTi mxriv,
ganpirobebulia importirebuli saqargavi Zafebis palitriT, romelic gansxvavdeba
tradiciuli bunebrivi saRebavebiT miRebuli TavSekavebuli feradovnebisgan, meore
mxriv Sromis ekonomiis mizniT gviristis zomis gazrdiT, rac aseve dabla swevs
produqciis dones.
mkveTri qimiri ferebis da xelovnuri Zafis gamoyeneba SeimCneva CxiriT naqsov
produqciaSic, rac didwilad agdebs maT xarisxs.
mniSvnelovani problemaa xelnakeTi Zafebis da tradiciul bunebriv saRebavebSi
SeRebili nawarmis deficiti.
90-iani wlebis Semdeg arsebuli fabrikebis daxurvis Semdeg sagrZnoblad dasustda
dazgaze qsovis teqologiuri jgufi, dReisaTvis teqstilSi momuSave gamokiTxul
ostatTa 10.5%-i dakavebulia dazgaze qsoviT.
saqarTveloSi tradiciulad xdeboda dazgaze bambis, Salis, abreSumis, selis qsovilis
qsova. samwuxarod dReisaTvis mxolod erTeuli SemTxvevebia dafiqsirebuli, rac
fabrikuli qsovilis mravalferovnebis da xelmisawvdomobis pirobebSi xeliT naqsov
qsovilze dabali moTxovniTaa ganpirobebuli.
faqtiurad dakargvis piras aris meabreSumeobis tradicia, romelic saqarTveloSi V
saukuneebidan dasturdeba.
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iSviaTobaa moCiTuli qsovilic, romelic Secvlilia kompiuteruli beWdviT
Sesrulebuli qsovilebiT, romlebic teqnikis sruli meqanizaciis garda, xelovnuri
qsovilis da anabeWdis dabali xarisxiT gamoirCeva. amasTan moCiTuli qsovilis
arsebuli produqcia, funqcionaluri TvalsazrisiT, sakmaod mwir asortiments iZleva.
9.6.2. keramika
keramikis problemebs Soris aRsaniSnavia mcxeTa-mTianeTSi - (mcxeTa) 17% da 11%;
kaxeTSi (Telavi, iyalTo) keramikuli warmoebis “daknineba”.
xarisxis TvalsazrisiT SeimCneva gasxvaveba Tbilissa da regionebs Soris. ZiriTadad,
TbilisSi nawarmoebi produqcis ufro maRali xarisxisaa, regionebSi ki Warbobs
dabali xarisxis kiCizaciisken midrekili suveniruli produqcia.
keramikis teqnologiuri jgufisTvis mniSvnelovani problemaa nedleulis mopoveba.
arsebuli karierebidan Tixis mopoveba, misi damuSaveba da realizacia legalurad ar
mimdinareobs, Sesabamisad, Tixis Sesyidvis kanonieri gzebi Zalze SezRudulia.
keramikosTa umetesobas uwevs ukanono gzebiT moipovos masala, rac Tavis mxriv, did
problemas uqnis dargis Semdgom ganviTarebas.
9.6.3. minanqari
geografiuli ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT mkveTrad aris gamorCeuli minanqris
koncentracia qalaqebSi (gamokiTxul ostatTa 44% TbilisSi, xolo 91% urbanul
zonaSi cxovrobs).
bolo wlebSi minanqris produqciis popularobam, sagrZnoblad daagdo produqciis
xarisxi. amasTan minanqris ostatebis umetesoba namuSevrebisTvis SekveTil an mza
formebs iyenebs, rac minanqris produqciis standartizacias iwvevs.
9.6.4. xis damuSaveba
xis teqnologiur jgufSi sakmaod dabalia axalgazrdaTa wili, 35 wlamde ostatebze
modis mxolod 20.93%.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, tradiciuli xuroobac, romelic gaqrobis pirasaa, radgan
ostatTa umetesoba, dReisaTvis moTxovnis klebasTan erTad, am mimarTulebiT aRar
muSaobs, TumcaRa flobs aRniSnul unarebs.
xis damuSavebaSi ZiriTadi gamovlenili problemebi nedleulis mopovebas Seexeba.
vinaidan xis Wra mkacrad kontrolirebad sferos warmoadgens, xSirad ostatebs ar
aqvT SesaZlebloba moipovon maTTvis gamosadegi erTiani xis masala. am mizeziT raWaSi
aRar mzaddeba tradiciuli xis sawnaxelebi (xorgoebi), romelTa damzadebisTvis
gamoiyeneboda erTiani Txilis merqani.
dakargvis pirasaa akvnebis da navebis damzadebis teqnologiebi.
9.6.5. liTonis damuSaveba
liTonis produqcia ar gamoirCeva didi mravalferovnebiT. ZiriTadad warmodgenilia
samkaulebi, iaraRi (xanjlebi, danebi), saeklesio nivTebi. faqtiurad ar gvxvdeba
saojaxo daniSnulebis nivTebi, gamonaklisia LliTonis aveji. samuzeumo aslebi,
romlebic Tanamedrove tradiciuli rewvis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens.
dabali xarisxiT gamoirCeva kiCizaciisken midrekili melxioris dekoratiuli
suvenirebi, iaraRi, Tasebi, yanwebi, da sxva.
am teqnologiur jgufis problemebs Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT Zvirfasi liTonebis
qveynidan gatanasTan dakavSirebuli problema, romelic xels uSlis oqromWedelTa
namuSevrebis eqsports.
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9.6.6. qvaze kveTa
qvaze kveTis teqnologiuri jgufis problemebs Soris SeiZleba dasaxeldes nedleuli
problema. mag. tyibulSi giSris resuresebis miuxedavad, nedleulis mompovebeli
industriis ararsebobis gamo ostatebs masalis mopovebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani
problemebi eqmnebaT.
am dargSi calke aRniSvnis Rirsia qvis kecebis damzadeba. kvlevis dros guriis
regionSi gamovlinda ori ostati, romlebic agrZelebs qvis kecebis damzadebas, rac,
Tavis mxriv, am xelobis dakargvis realur safrTxeze miuTiTebs.
9.6.7. mina, tyavi, qaRaldi, wnuli
dReisaTvis aRniSnuli dargebi qarTul tradiciul rewvaSi Zalzed mwirad aris
warmodgenili.
mina mniSvnelovan kriziss ganicdis, rac pirvel yovlisa ganpirobebulia am dargis
infrastruqturuli sistemis rRveviT da teqnologiuri sirTuleebiT. moiTxovs ra
maRal temperaturas, rogorc wesi namuSevrebi iqmneboda ara individualur
saxelosnoebSi, aramed minis sawarmoebSi arsebul RumelebSi. amJamad minis sawarmoebis
raodenoba mcirea, aRniSnuli kavSirebis darRvevis, ostatebs aRar miuwvdebaT xeli
Rumelebze da Sesabamisad veRar qmnian namuSevrebs.
tyavis damuSaveba. miuxedavad imisa, rom tyavis damuSaveba da Semdgomi gamoyeneba
qveynis masStabiT mimdinareobs (ikereba fexsacmeli, CanTebi) tradiciuli
teqnologiebisa da dizainis gamoyeneba sakmaod iSviaTia.
mownul produqciaSi SeimCneva funqciis da dizainis erTferovneba.
9.7. saxelosnoebi da danadgarebi saqarTvelos masStabiT saxelosnoebis mniSvnelovani nawili saWiroebs
infrastruqturul mxardaWeras _ danadgarebis ganaxlebas, farTis optimalur
aTvisebas, interieris saTanado ganaxleba-gaformebas.
tradiciuli rewvis warmoebis ganviTarebas xels uSlis iaraRebisa da danagdarebis
arasrulyofilad gamoyenebis problema, rac ganpirobebulia umeteswilad saxsrebis
uqonlobiT, magram aseve teqnologiuri inovaciis mniSvnelobis arasaTandod gaazrebiT.
xSirad ostatebi ar arian informirebulebi im teqnologiuri siaxleebis Sesaxeb, rac
wundebuli produqciis minimalizacias da Sromis ekonomiis winapirobaa.
mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens tradiciuli rewvis saxelosnoebisTvis
gamoyofili sajaro sivrceebis nakleboba, magaliTad qveynis masStabiT qalaqis Tu
soflebis istoriul nawilSi, mxareTmcodneobis muzeumebTan da sxva dawesebulebebTan
amgvari sivrceebis ar arseboba, rac Tavis mxriv, gazrdida maT turistul potencials.
9.8. produqcia, distribucia, bazari, momxmarebeli, gayidvebi
saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvis bazarze arsebuli produqciis umetesoba ganicdis
inovaciurobis, dRevandel yofasTan misadagebis deficits.
tradiciul rewvaSi ar moqmedebs xarisxis kontrolis raime gamarTuli meqanizmi, rac
produqciis xarisxSi mniSvnelovan gansxvavebebs iwvevs.
produqcia metwilad orientirebulia ucxoel myidvelze, rac zRudavs momxmareblis
kategoriebs da iwvevs gayidvebis sezonurobas.
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produqciis maRali TviTRirebuleba warmoadgens tradiciuli rewvis erT-erT
mniSvnelovan problemas.
saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvas ar gaaCnia raime saxis sadistribucio qseli, rac
mniSvnelovnad zRudavs produqciis mimoqcevas.
dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis produqciis umetesobas, rogorc wesi,
ar gaaCnia sacalo SefuTva da msoflioSi miRebuli standartis mixedviT Sedgenili
Tamxlebi informacia.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania wardgena-eqponirebis sakiTxi, romelic marketinigis
mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. am aspeqtis arasaTanado aRqmas vawydebiT ara mxolod
calkeuli ostatebis, aramed maRaziebis, gansakuTrebiT ki suvenirebis salonebis
umetes SemTxvevaSi, sadac garda imisa, ar aris produqciis xarisxis kontroli,
eqspoziciac sruliad SemTxveviT, qaotur xasiaT atarebs.
SezRudulia gayidvebis arxebi: ostatebis 81.3% gayidvebis 3 an nakleb arxs mimarTavs,
amaTan metad gamoiyeneba gayidvebis pirdapiri arxebi, rac erTi mxriv distribuciis
qselis ar arsebobiT da meore mxriv savaWro obieqtebTan TanamSromlobisTvis
sagadasaxado statusis saWiroeba ganapirobebs.
tradiciuli rewvis saqarTvelos eqsportSi gamoyofa ver xerxdeba sasaqonlo kodebSi
misi gamijnvis SeuZleblobis gamo.
ar arsobos tradciiuli rewvis eqsportis ganviTarebis mizanmimarTuri programa.
marTalia ostatebis 5.8% aRniSnavs, rom namuSevrebis realizacias eqsportis gziT
axorcielebs, magram, rogorc wesi es arastabiluri da wyvetili procesia.
9.9. saganmanaTleblo baza, dawesebulebebi da maTi problemebi
niSvnelovania problemaa tradiciuli rewvis ostatebsa da Uprofesiul wreebs, maT
Soris umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs Soris gawyvetili kontaqti.
aqve unda aRiniSnos saskolo programebSic ostatebis dasaqmebac, Tumca samwuxarod
zogierT SemTxvevaSi pedagogebis SerCevisas ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli regionSi
arsebuli ufro Rirebuli adamianuri resursebis arseboba, rac, Tavis mxriv,
saganmanaTleblo da kulturul wreebs Soris arakoordinirebuli moqmedebis Sedegia.
aseve aRsaniSnavia erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi CarTuli kulturuli memkvidreobis
dacvaze orientirebuli 67 , an tradiciuli rewvis mimarTulebis saxelmZRvaneloebis
ararseboba.
67 ამჟამად დამუშავების პროცესშია ICOMOS საქართველოს მიერ ევროკავშირის აღმოსავლეთ პარტნიორობის კულტურის პროგრამის ფარგლებში შემუშავებული დამხმარე სახელმძღვანელო პედაგოგებისთვის „კულტურული მემკვიდრეობის ძეგლებისა და ისტორიული ქალაქების დაცვა (შესავალი კურსი საშუალო და საბაზო კლასის მოსწავლეთათვის)“.
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10. rekomendaciebi
10.1. organizaciuli struqtura
samTavrobo uwyebaTSorisi TanamSromloba da saerTo strategia
tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis upirveles yovlisa aucilebelia
aRniSnuli dargis erTi mxriv, rogorc kulturuli industriebis Semadgeneli nawilis,
xolo meore mxriv, aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis mniSvnelobis
deklarireba qveynis kulturis politikaSi, rac SemdgomSi seqtoris ganviTarebaze
mimarTuli sxvadasxva iniciativebis ganxorcielebis winapiroba iqneba. SemoqmedebiTi
industriebis roli naTlad aris gacxadebuli didi britaneTis, niderlandebis, daniis,
SvedeTis, fineTis, safrangeTis da germaniis, italiis, portugaliis, litvis, CexeTis,
bulgareTis, estoneTis da irlandiis erovnul politikaSi. 68 FsaerTaSoriso
gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom maTi efeqturi ganxorcielebis Sedegad araerTi samuSao
adgili Seiqmna, mravali regioni gamococxlda, gaizarda maTi turistuli
mimzidveloba. grZelvadiani strategiis mizanmimarTuli ganxorcielebis Sedegad mag.
didi britaneTis SemoqmedebiTi industriebis seqtori erT-erTi yvelaze swrafad
mzardi ekonomikuri seqtoria. jer kidev 2005 wlisTvis am seqtorSi 1.3 milioni adamiani
iyo dasaqmebuli, misi Semosavali ki 112,5 miliardi funti sterlingi iyo.
tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia sistemuri midgoma, rac
upirvelesad mdgomareobs uwyebaTaSoris TanamSromlobis da saerTo politikis
arsebobaSi. es moicavs iseT saxelmwifo struqturebs, rogoricaa kulturisa da
ZeglTa dacvis saministros da ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli saagentos, ekonomikisa da
mdgradi ganviTarebis saministrosa da turizmis erovnuli administraciis, ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis, garemos dacvis, regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis,
finansTa, sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa saministroebsa da saparlamento
komitetebis, saqarTvelos savaWro-samrewvelo palatis, statistikis erovnuli
samsaxuris da sxva dakavSirebuli saxelmwifo organoebs Soris mWidro
TanamSromlobas.
Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli qveyanebis msgavsad, kulturis, ekonomikuri
da regionaluri ganviTarebis, sagamnaTleblo, socialur, garemosdacviT da sxva
starategiebSi tradiciuli rewvis mxardasaWeri politikis gatareba seqtoris
kulturuli, ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis platformad qcevis winapiroba
iqneba.
tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris mxardaWeris politikis gasatareblad aucilebelia,
rogorc saministroebs Soris TanamSromloba ise, mmarTvelobis sxvadasxva doneebs -
centralur da adgilobriv mTavrobebs Soris mWidro kavSiri.
aRniSnulis gansaxorcieleblad sasurvelia kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros
da saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministroebis TanamSromlobiT
Seiqmnas eqspertTa samuSao jgufi romelic, saerTaSoriso praqtikasa da konvenciebis
moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, SeimuSavebs saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis ganviTarebis
saxelmwifo startegias.
68 The entrepreneurial dimension of the cultural and creative industries, Utrecht School of Arts K2M ltd, Eurokleis S.r.L, For the Education & Culture DG of the EC, November 2011., p. 51
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saxelmwifo doneze aucilebelia mdgradobis gaZliereba, tradiciuli rewvis da
zogadad aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis ZiriTadi rgolebisTvis, rac
gamoixateba rogorc adamianuris resursebis, aseve am sferos dafinansebis gazrdaSi
seqtoris ganviTarebaze mimarTuli saerTo strategiis paralelurad da SemuSavebuli
samoqmedo gegmis Sesabamisad aucilebelia konkretuli programebis SemuSaveba da
ganxorcieleba, romelic uzrunvelyofs dargis sxvadasxva sferoSi gamovlenili
problemebis daZlevas, mag. tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisaTvis statusis miniWebisa da
waxalisebis strategiebis SemuSaveba; aseve saganamaTlebo, sapopularizacio da sxva
aqtivobebi.
sasurveli iqneboda aRniSnuli programebis da saxelwifo grantebis gacemis
prerogativa miekuTvnos tradiciuli rewvis Tematikaze momuSave romelime arsebuli
sips, rac uzrunvelyofda am qmedebebis mizanmimarTulobasa da ukeTes koordinacias.
tradiciuli rewvis da zogadad kulturis statistikisa warmoebis gaumjobeseba,
tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris tendenciebisa da saWiroebebze dayrdnobiT
prioritetebis gansazRvrisTvis aucilebelia tradiciuli rewvis maCveneblebis
statistikis warmoebis saerTaSoriso standartebis arsebul sistemaSi integracia da
regularuli gamoqveyneba; amavdroulad, aucilebelia periodulad ganxorcieldes
mimzanmimarTuli kvlevebi, raTa Sefasdes seqtoris masStabebi da dinamika. aseve
gamoikveTos saqarTvelos niSa saerTaSoriso bazarze.
kerZod, tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris statistikis warmoebisTvis aucilebelia
gaTvaliswinebul iqnas konkretuli RonisZiebebi, maT Soris:
sxvadasxva qveyana regularulad aqveynebs kulturisa da SemoqmedebiTi industriebis
statistikis angariSebs (mag. avstralia, CineTi, CexeTi, safrangeTi, germania, indoeTi,
axali zelandia, tailandi, didi britaneTi). Sesabamisad, sasurvelia saqarTvelom
gaiziaros romelime miRebuli statistikuri modeli da danergos aRniSnuli praqtika.
tradiciuli rewva seqtoris mniSvnelovani nawilia da saerTaSoriso klasifikaciebSi
(ISIC da ISCO) sagangebod aris identificirebuli.
ISIC NIACE klasifikaciebze dayrdnobiT saqstatma unda SeimuSavos da moagrovos
tradiciuli rewvis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli regularuli, Tundac Zalze
SezRuduli raodenobis monacemi. mag. saiuveliro nawarmis warmoeba.
saqstatma sagangebod unda gamoyos rewvis sakiTxi da misi wili Sinameurneobis
integrirebul kvlevebSi. es moiTxovs mcire cvlilebebs ukve arsebuli kiTxvarebSi da
ar saWiroebs damatebiT kiTxvebis CarTvas kvlevaSi.
saqstatis mxridan tradiciuli rewvis seqtorTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTi
statistikuri monacemebis SegrovebisaTvis resursebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi,
aucilebelia arsebobdes teqnikurad uzrunvelyofili samoqalaqo sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebi, romlebic sferos kvlevas awarmoeben. es rewvis seqtoris statistikas
SesabamisobaSi moiyvans saqstatis meTodologiasTan;
saqstatma unda gaiTvaliswinos evrokavSiris modelis mixedviT yovel 2-3 weliwadSi
Catarebuli “kulturul cxovrebaSi CarTulobis” kvleva, da kulturuli aqtivobebis
ufro farTo speqtri moicvas. garda koncertebis, gamofenebis, speqtaklebze daswrebis
Sesaxeb monacemebisa, kvleva unda moicavdes informacias kulturuli saqonlis
(xelovnebis nimuSebi, rewva, wignebi) moxmarebis, mflobelobis da SeZenis Sesaxeb; 69
69 saimon elisi, samxreT kavkasiis tradiciuli rewva, Tbilisis regionaluri Sexvedris angariSi da
rekomendaciebi (29.11.1012-1.12.2012)
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kulturuli industriebis damfinansebeli fondebis Seqmna mniSvnelovnad gaamyarebs
tradiciuli rewvis da zogadad kulturuli industriebis instituciur bazas. aRniSnul sferoSi evropaSi moqmedebs 3 tipis fondebi70.
• damoukidebeli da sazogadoebrivi fondebi, romelTa mniSvneloba da raodenoba
ganuxrelad izrdeba, es fondebi dafinansebas gascemen individualuri grantebis,
sagranto proeqtebis, Semowirulobebis In-kind Senatanis saxiT. maTi mxardaWera
vrceldeba kulturis konkretul dargebze; ZiriTadad (60%) afinanseben erovnul
proeqtebs. • korporatiuli fondebi, romlebic iqmebian kompaniebis mier da mTlianad
damokidebuli arian dafuZneblis dafinansebaze. maT, rogorc wesi gansxvavebuli
miznebi, intereis sferoebi saxelmZRvanelo principebi aqvT. • saxelmwifo dafinansebis mqone fondebi Cveulebriv saxelmwifo subsidiebs iReben.
marTalia dRes evropaSi bevri saxelmwifo fondi gadakeTda kerZo fondad, magram
isini dResac saxlmwifos did finansur mxardaWeras iReben, Tumca aqvT
SesaZlebloba miiRon sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi, kerZo Semowirulobebi da a.S.
saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi sasurveli iqneboda damoukidebeli fondis arseboba,
romelsac eqneboda saxelmwifo dafinanseba da, amave dros, moiZiebda damatebiT
saxsrebs sxva wyaroebidan. Sedegad is SeZlebda kulturis dafinansebisTvis arsebuli
saxsrebis mobilizacias, kulturis dafinansebis koordinacias da monitorings.
saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciisa da dargobrivi profesiuli kavSirebis
Camoyalibeba
tradiciuli rewvis arasamTavrobo seqtoris gasaZliereblad aucilebelia
“saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciis” Camoyalbeba. winamdebare kvlevis
farglebSi gamokiTxuli individualuri mwarmoebelTa da organizaciaTa 85%-ma
gamoTqva msgavsi asociaciis wevrobis survili.
saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi araerT magaliTis vxvdebiT, rodesac tradiciuli rewvisa da
xelosnobis asociaciebis, gildiebisa da sxva tipis kavSirebi efeqturad
funqcionireben da umniSvnelovanes rols asruleben seqtoris ganviTarebaSi. Aam mxriv
gansakuTrebiT mdidaria didi britaneTi, sadac Seqmnilia iseTi organizaciebi,
rogoricaa “tradiciuli rewvis asociacia” 71, “tradiciuli rewvis sabWo” 72 da mravali
dargobrivi da regionaluri principiT gaerTianebuli amqari 73 , romlebic erToblivi
ZalisxmeviT iRwvian seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis.
“saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciis” Seqmna aucilebelia, raTa organizaciam
mizanmimarTulad da efeqturad imuSaos seqtoris Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis,
ganaxorcielos iseTi aqtovobebi, rogoricaa:
• seqtoris iniciativebis koordinacia;
• rewvis ostatebs, organizaciebs da Sualedur rgolebs Soris (masalis
momwodeblebi, distrobicia, myidveli) TanamSromlobis xelSewyoba;
• rewvis produqciis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba da seqtors biznes unarebis
amaRleba;
• seqtoris ganviTarebis strategiebis SemuSaveba da Semdgomi advokatireba;
• tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da produqciis popularizacia;
• tradiciuli rewvis produqciis marketingis da eqsportis xelSewyoba;
70 European parliameny, Finanansing the Arts and Culture in the EU, Brussels, 2006. p 38 71 Heritage Crafts Association, www.heritagecrafts.org.uk 72 Crafts Council, http://www.craftscouncil.org.uk/ 73 British Artist Blacksmiths Association, www.baba.org.uk ; British Ceramics Biennial, www.britishceramicsbiennial.com; British Violin Making Association, www.bvma.org.uk ;Craft Guilds, www.craftanddesign.net/guilds
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• profesiuli konsultacia (produqciis ganviTarebis, brendingis, Tanxebis
moZiebis, iuridiuli, ekonomikuri da sxva sakiTxebis mimarTulebiT)
• mizanmimarTuli kvlevevis ganxorcieleba;
“saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciis” efeqturi funqcionirebisTvis aseve
sasurvelia Seiqmnas asociaciis regionuli sakoordinacio erTeulebi, romlebic
SesaZloa daarsdes rogorc saqarTvelos regionebSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo da saTemo
organizaciebis.
dargis komerciuli bazis gaumjobesebis mizniT sasurveli iqneboda tradiciuli
rewvis komerciuli centris Seqmna (Crafts Trade Center), romelic imuSavebda rogorc
produqciis, aseve adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso bazris ganviTarebaze
10.2. iuridiuli baza
tradiciuli rewva, rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba
saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi pirveladi aucileblobis sakiTxs tradiciuli
rewvis sferos identicirebis sakiTxi warmoadgens. vinaidan tradiciuli rewva
moiazreba, rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba, aRniSnuli seqtoris
regulireba mWidro kavSirSia aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis
sakanonmdeblo bazasTan.
saqarTvelo “aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis konvencia” 2007 wels
miuerTda, riTic saxelmwifom aRiara aramaterialuri memkvidreobis dacvis aucilebloba
da ikisra konvenciiT gavTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebi. Tumca amJamad saqarTveloSi
kulturuli memkvidreobis sferos da Sesabamisad tradiciuli rewvis sferos
regulireba xdeba “kulturuli memkvidreobis kanoniT”, romelSic aramaterialuri
kulturuli memkvidreoba mxolod zogadi Canaweris saxiT aris Setanili da ar
iTvaliswinebs akm specifikas, rac saswrafo sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebs moiTxovs.
saerTaSoriso praqtkaSi aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis sakanonmdeblo
regulirebis or ZiriTadad models vxvdebiT: 1. rodesac es sfero regulirdeba
damoukidebeli kanoniT „aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis“ Sesaxeb
(mag. CineTi, latvia, somxeTi, ukraina, moldova da sxva); 2. rodesac aramaterialuri
memkvidreobis dacvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonSia
integrirebuli (magaliTad bulgareTi, alJiri, belorusia, yazaxeTi, vietnami da sxva).
vfiqrobT, saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi sasurveli iqneboda pirveli modelis gamoyeneba da
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis kanonis calke Camoyalibeba 74 .
74 2013 wels saqarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli saagentos iniciativiTa da “kulturis da menejmentis
laboratoriisa” da eqspertTa jgufis mier Seiqmna aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonproeqti.
aRniSnuli kanonproeqtis samuSao jgufis wevri iyo xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centris TanamSromeli da
aRniSnuli kvlevis Tanaavtori ana SanSiaSvili, ramac, Tavis mxriv, saSualeba Seqmna kvlevis Sedegad
SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebis kanonproeqtSi integrirebisa. materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli
memkvidreobis dacvis meqanizmebis gansxvavebuli specifikidan gamomdinare, (Tu pirveli dacvaSi metwilad
gulisxmobs aRmkveT RonisZiebebs, meore SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi dacvis meqanizmi ganaTlebis stimulirebasa da
sxva xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebis gatarebaSi mdgomareobs), kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs “kulturuli
memkvidreobis kanonSi” cvlilebas da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonis calke gamoyofas.
amJamad, mimdinareobs kanonis samuSao versiis ganxilva sxvadasxva samTavrobo struqturebTan.
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kanonSi dafiqsirebuli da ganmartebuli unda iyos terminebi `tradiciuli rewva~, da
sxva, romlebic sferos mkacri gansazrvis safuZvels Seqmnian. aqve unda iyos
gansazRvruli tradiciuli rewvis sferosTan dakavSirebuli teqnikuri sakiTxebi,
iuridiuli regulaciebi da meqanizmebi, (rac konvenciebSi deklarirebuli miznebis
misaRwevad unda Seiqmnas)
aucilebelia SemuSavdes “safrTxis qveS myofi akm-s” statusi, rac SemdgomSi maTi
SenarCunebaze mimarTuli specialuri programebis ganxorcielebis winapiroba unda
iyos.
amavdroulad dasaxvewia aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis saaRricxvo baraTis
forma da Zeglis statusis miniWebis kriteriumebi, romelic akm-s specifikis
gaTvaliwinebiT unda adaptirdes.
“cocxali saganZuri”-s programis inicireba da rewvis ostatebisTvis statusis miniWeba
tradiciuli rewvis ostatebis xelSewyobisTvis, popularizaciisa da sazogadoebaSi
maTi rolis asamaRleblad aucilebelia saqarTvelo, rogorc konvenciis xelmomweri
qveyana aseve SeuerTdes iuneskos iniciativas „adamiani - cocxali saganZuria”, romelic
vietnamis iniciativiT daarsda da 1993 wlidan moqmedebs. 75 14 wlis Semdeg mas 6 qveyana
SeuerTda: filipinebi, tailandi, rumineTi, safrangeTi, CexeTi, bulgareTi. programa
iTvaliswinebs akm-s gansakuTrebuli codniTa da unar-CvevebiT gamoirCeuli
matareblebis aRiarebiT da sazogadoebaSi maTi rolis amaRlebiT akm-s elementebis
Taobidan Taobaze gadacemis uzrunvelyofas.
cocxal saganZurad moiazreba akm-s matarebeli, romelic codnis an Sesrulebis
umaRlesi ostatobiT gamoirCeva, rac am tradiciis gadacemisTvis da Semdgomi
sicocxlisunarianobisTvis aucilebeli pirobaa. saxelmwifoebma isini aRiares, rogorc
cocxali akm-s tradiciebis gansakuTrebuli matareblebi. aseTi nusxebis Seqmnis mizania
im codnis, unar-Cvevebis SenarCuneba, maT gadacemisaTvis xelSewyoba, romelsac
cocxali matareblebi floben. programis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli
saxelmwifoebi sakanonmdeblo doneze qmnian dacvis saxelmwifo meqanizmebs.
yoveli qveyana iuneskos „cocxali saganZuris“ koncefciis Sesabamisad, Tavad adgens am
wodebis saxels, safrangeTSi mas „xelovnebis ostati“ ewodeba, CexeTSi - „xelosnomis
tradiciebis matarebeli“, koreaSi - „erovnuli cocxali saganZuri“ da a.S.
sazogadeobrivi statusis amaRlebis paralelurad am wodebis mTavari arsi akm-s
tradiciebis gadacemis xelSewyobaa. amdenad, “cocxali saganZuris” statusi finansuri
xelSewyobis meqanizmsac warmoadgens, rasac yoveli qveyana Tavad gansazRvravs, iqneba
es erTjeradi premia, stipendia, Tu garkveuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi.76
aRniSnuli programis sakanonmdeblo doneze (aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis
kanonSi integracia) inicireba saqarTveloSi erTi mxriv, arsebiTi daxmareba iqneba
damsaxurebuli ostatebisTvis, meore mxriv ki axalgazrda TaobisTvis tradiciebis
gadacemis da maTi waxalisebis mniSvnelovani winapiroba iqneba.
bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli SeRavaTebi
sasurvelia, gaTvaliswinebuli iyos tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi momuSve ostatebis
mier bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba garkveuli SeRavaTebiTa da
75 Guidelines for the Establishment of National “Living Human Treasures” Systems, http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Apia/pdf/00031-EN.pdf 76 Guidelines for the Establishment of National “Living Human Treasures” Systems, http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Apia/pdf/00031-EN.pdf. გვ.9
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specialuri nebarTvebis gareSe. iseve, rogorc “bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis
mosakreblis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis” me7 muxlSi es SeRavaTi dawesebulia
bunebrivi resursebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebul samecniero da kulturul-
saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas mimarTebaSi;
materialuri Zeglebis obieqtebis aslebis damzadebasTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo sakiTxebi
aucilebelia materialuri Zeglebis obieqtebis aslebis damzadebis sakiTxebi
gansazRvra, rogorc “kulturuli memkvidreobis”, ise “saqarTvelos muzeumebis kanonSi”;
cvlileba saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa gatanisa da saqarTveloSi
Semotanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi
aucilebelia cvlilebebi Sevides saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa gatanisa da
saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSic, sadac unda SemoSavdes zusti gansazRvreba “eTnografiuli masalisa”, romlis qveynidan gatanac specialuri
nebarTvis saWiroebs da “suvenirebisa”, romelTa qveynidan gatanac ar saWiroebs
specialur nebarTvas.
tradiciuli rewvis samewarmeo saqmianobis xelSewyoba
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ara aris mkveTrad gansazRvruli
tradiciuli rewvis samewarmeo statusi, vinaidan, mewarmeTa Sesaxeb kanonis Tanaxmad,
saxelovnebo saqmianoba ar iTvleba samewarmeo saqmianobad. upirveles yovlisa
aucilebelia kanonSi terminis “saxelovnebo saqmianobis” dazusteba da saqmianobebis
mkacri gansazRvra, Tumca, gamomdinare iqidan, rom winamdebare kvlevis erT-erT mizans
tradiciuli rewvis ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis, seqtoris rogorc saqarTvelos
ekonomikis erT-erTi perspeqtiuli dargis warmoCena warmoadgens, mizanSewonilad ar
migvaCnia am CamonaTvalSi tradiciuli rewvis Setana.. metad upriani iqneboda
tradiciuli rewvis samewarmeo saqmianobis waxalisebis da biznesis xelSewyobis
sqemebis SemuSaveba.
sferos samewarmeo saqmianobis xelSewyobis mizniT sasurveli iqneboda sagadasaxado
kodeqsSi arsebuli SeRavaTi dRg-gan gaTavisuflebas CaTvlis uflebis gareSe,
romelic sxva SemTxvevebis garda vrceldeba aseve “piris mier saqarTvelos kulturisa
da ZeglTa dacvis saministrosTan SeTanxmebiT msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi
Setanili, erovnuli mniSvnelobis kategoriis an/da sakulto-religiuri daniSnulebis
kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis sarestavracio, sareabilitacio, saproeqto da
kvleviTi samuSaoebis Sesrulebaze;” 77 formulireba Seicvalos imgavrada, rom siaSi
moxvdes safrTxis qveS myofi aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis
Seswavlas, aRdgenasa da, praqticirebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianoba.
aseve mizanSewonili iqneboda evrokavSiris bolodroindeli iniciativis gaziareba,
romelic Seexeba Sromatevadi SemoqmedebiTi momsaxurebis da produqciis, maT Soris
xelovnebis, kulturuli memkvidreobis da a.S. sferoebSi dRg SeravaTiani reJimebis
dawesebas78.
sasurveli iqneboda sagadasaxado kodeqsSi mag. turizmze dawesebuli SeRavaTebis
(mogebisgan gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevebi 79 ) magaliTis safuZvelze tradiciuli
rewvisTvis SeRavaTebis sistemis SemuSaveba.
aseve aucilebelia Seicvalos da saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli funqciuri da
teqnologiuri jgufebis specifikis mixedviT daixvewos saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010
77 საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსი, მუხლი 168 78 Utrecht School of the Arts with K2M ltd and Eurokleis S.r.l., The entrepreneurial dimension of the cultural and creative industries. 2011 p.120 79 sagadasaxado kodeqsi. muxli 99
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wlis 29 dekembris #415 dadgenilebaSi arsebuli CamonaTvali 80, romelic gansazRvRavs
im saqmianobebs, romlebic Tavisufldeba dawesebuli 30.000 laris zeda zRvarisgan81.
tradiciuli rewvis da zogadad saxelovnebo seqtorisTvis SeiZleba mniSvnelovani
iyos dRg-Ti dasabegri miwodebis wliuri brunvis gansazRvris meTodis cvlileba.
mniSvnelovnia rogorc wesi, amJamad saxelovnebo galeereebSi namuSevrebis realizebis
sqema Semdegia: saxelovnebo galeereebsa da avtorebs Soris formdeba e.w. „davalebis
xelSekruleba“, romlis ZaliTac avtori/mesakuTre „marwmuneblad“ gamodis xolo
galerea „rwmunebulad“. am xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, sarealizacio obieqtis sakuTrebis
ufleba ucvleli rCeba, da galerea mxolod „realizatoris“ statusSi monawileobs,
misi Semosavali ki gaweuli momsaxurebis anazRaurebas warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa,
realizaciisas srul angariSsworebas myidvelTan axdens galerea da obieqtis sruli
Rirebuleba, formalurad galereis SemosavalSi aisaxeba. Semdgom, mesakuTresTan
gaformebuli xelSekrulebis pirobebis Sesabamisad, galerea axdens masTan
angariSsworebas SeTanxmebuli saprocento ganakveTis Sesabamisad (rogorc wesi
sarealizacio Tanxis 70%-is odenobiT). aRsaniSnavia, rom zemoxsenebuli
angariSsworeba ibegreba, im SemTxvevaSi Tu avtori/mesakuTre fizikuri piria da
samewarmeo subieqtad registrirebuli ar aris, is ibegreba galereis mier saSemosavlo
gadasaxadiT - 20%-iT, xolo Tuki avtori/mesakuTre registrirebuli mewarme subieqtia,
is saTanado wesiT TviTon begravs miRebul Semosavals.
galereis Semosavali aRniSnuli miwodebidan, realurad Sedgeba sruli sarealizacio
Tanxis darCenili nawilisagans (rogorc wesi 30%), da es Tanxa srulad ibegreba
Sesabamisi gadasaxadebiT, maT Soris mogebis gadasaxadiT. galereis finansur brunvaze
aisaxeba mxolod misi Semosavali, rogoc mis mier gaweuli momsaxurebis anazRaureba.
mniSvnelovania, rom dRg-s wliuri brunvis zRvrebis dadgenisas ganixileba sruli
Tanxa da ara mxolod is odenoba, romelic galereis Semosavals warmoadgens.
Sesabamisad dRg-Ti dasabegri miwodeba moicavs im Tanxasac (70%), romelic
avtorma/mesakuTrem miiRo da romelic ukve srulad aris dabegrili.
mizanSewonilia, rom dRg-Ti dasabegri miwodebis wliuri brunvis gamoTvlisas
gaTvaliswinebuli iyos mxolod galereis Semosavlis nawili, sruli realizebuli
Tanxis 30%, rac realurad asaxavs galereis finansur brunvas.
pirdapiri SeRavaTebis garda mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi dasavleTSi
SemoqmedebiTi industriebis sxvadasxva dargebSi dafinansebis moZiebis waxalisebiTvis
aprobirebuli sistemebis danergva, rac Semowirulobebsa da sferos dafinansebaze
gadasaxadebis gansakuTrebuli dabegvris reJimebs gulisxmobs. magaliTad belgiaSi
kinematografiaSi investiciebis stimulirebisTvis dawesebulia mogebis gadasaxadis
SeRavaTebi investirebuli Tanxis 150%-is odenobeiT (maqs. 750000 evro), holandiaSi
gadasaxadebze 1.3%-iani SeRavaTi dawesebulia kerZo pirebis investiciebze kulturis an
kulturaSi samewarmeo saqmianobis damfinansebeli fondebSi, irladiaSi arsebobs
SeRavaTebis ori sqema SCS da BES maTTvis vinc akeTebs investirebas gansazRvrul
irlandiur kompaniebSi da a.S. 82
80 “puloverebisa da analogiuri nawarmis warmoeba; zeda tansacmlis warmoeba, garda modelebis demonstrirebisa da Cvenebisa; sacvlebis warmoeba; Tavsaburavebis warmoeba; danarCeni tansacmlisa da aqsesuarebis warmoeba; xis sxvadasxva nawarmis warmoeba; tansacmlisa da Tavsaburavebis xis sakidebis warmoeba; xis saojaxo nivTebisa da samzareulos sakuTnoebis warmoeba; faifurisa da qaSanuris sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo nakeTobebis warmoeba; sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo WurWlisa da inventaris warmoeba; musikaluri instrumentebis warmoeba; akordeonebisa da analogiuri sakravebis, maT Soris, tuCis garmonikebis warmoeba; sasule musikaluri instrumentebis warmoeba; cocxebisa da jagrisebis warmoeba; ...; fexsacmlisa da tyavis nawarmis remonti; 81 მთავრობის დადგენილება #415, 2010 წლის 29 დეკემბერი 82 KEA. Promoting Investment in the Cultural and Creative Sector: Financing Needs, Trends and Opportunities. 2010. p.47
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia
115
kulturis dafinansebaSi latariis fondebis mozidvis miznisT sasurveli iqneboda
saqarTvelos latariebis, azartuli da momgebiani TamaSebis mowyobis Sesaxeb kanoniT
ganisazRvros kulturis dafinansebaSi Sesatani mogebis procentis odenoba. evropis
qveynebSi kulturis dafinansebis aRniSnuli wyaro sul ufro popularuli xdeba.
magaliTad 2000 wels daniaSi latariidan miRebuli dafinanseba saxelmwifo
dafinansebis 16.77%-s Seadgenda, did britaneTSi 37.62%, fineTSi 71.38%.83
10.3. produqciis ganviTareba
rogorc aRiniSna saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvis bazarze arsebuli produqciis
umetesoba ganicdis inovaciurobis, dRevandel yofasTan misadagebis deficits.
saerTaSoriso gamocdileba adasturebs, rom tradiciuli rewvis produqciis
warmatebuli marketingisTvis aucilebelia nawarmis mudmivi ganviTareba momxmareblis
moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
produqciis ganviTareba ZiriTadad moicavs produqciis Semadgeneli sxvadasxva
elementis diversifikacias, kerZod:
funqcionalur diversifikacias, rac, moicavs rogorc funqciuri kategoriebis
gamravalferovnebas, ”suvenirulidan” meti aqcentis gamoyenebiT funqciaze gadatanas,
ise Tanamedrove cxovrebis stilTan Sesabamisi axali funqciebis Semotanas da arsebul
kategoriebSi funqciis Sesabamisi detalebis integrirebas (mag. CanTis SemTxveaSi
sarCuli, saxeluri, Sida jibe, Sesakravi). rogorc marketinguli kvlvevebi mowmobs,
dReisaTvis bazarze gayidvadobas mniSvnelovnad zrdis produqciis ara sacalo, aramed
“koleqciebad”, “nakrebebad” ganviTareba 84 . funqciuri diversifikacia SesaZloa
ganxorcieldes erTi funqciuri kategoriis farglebSi produqciis tipologiis
gamravalferovnebis gziT (mag. danebi: samzareulos danebis nakrebi, sakancelario
danebi, monadiris danebi, sufris danebi, mogzauris dasakeci dana da sxva). aseve
garkveuli niSniT gaerTianebuli produqciis axali xazis Seqmnis gziT (mag. sufris
aqsesuarebi, samuzeumo aslebi da sxva).
teqnologiur diversifikacias, rac gulisxmobs axali xelsawyoebis, masalebis
gamoyenebas, teqnikuri saSualebebis gaumjobesebas, teqnologiur procesis daxvewas,
rac, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs warmadobis zrdas, droisa da Sromis ekonomias da zogierT
SemTxvevaSi wundebuli produqciis Semcirebasa da xarisxis gaumjobesebasac. Tumca,
teqnologiuri procesis modifikaciisas aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia axali
teqnologiebis gamoyenebis principi, romelic ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes
“xelnakeTobis” koncefcias da ar unda warmoadgendes Zalian uxeS Carevas tradiciul
teqnologiur procesSi.
dizainis diversifikacias, rac moicavs rogorc miviwyebuli tradiciuli formebis,
ornamentebis, feradovani gamis, masalis moZiebas, aRorZineba da axleburi kombinacias,
ise tradiciuli formebisa ornamentebis, da Tanamedrove formebis, feradovani gamisa
da masalis axlebur kombinacias.
zomebis diversifikacias, rac unda iTvaliswinebdes momxmareblis kategoriebs da
zomebis arsebul standartebs unda Seesabamebodes (windebi, samosi, samkauli,
aqsesuarebi, sufrebi, baliSispirebi da sxva).
83 European parliameny, Finanansing the Arts and Culture in the EU, Brussels, 2006. p 88 84 Lyn Nelson, GACC artisan Competition, Tbilisi, Georgia, June 2013, pp. 7
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fasis diversifikacias, rac gulisxmobs produqciis fasis sxvadasxva momxmareblebis
kategoriis mixedviT gansazRvraSi da fasis kategoriebSi meti arCevanis SemotanaSi. am
TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania potenciuri momxmareblis kategoriis, maTi
motivaciisa da fasis molodinis gansazRvra da mxolod amis Semdgom nawarmis
TviTRirebulebis (pirdapiri da iribi xarjebis) da mogebis gaTvaliwinebiT produqciis
gasayidi fasis gansazRvra da misi mizanSewonilobis analizi. aucilebelia
ganisazRvros konkurentunariani fasebi, romlebic Seesabameba produqciis xarisxs da
dizains.
aRniSnuli elementebis diversifikacia met SesaZleblobas Seqmnis saqarTvelos
bazarze arsebuli rewvis produqciis brendirebisTvis da rogorc adgilobrivad ise
saerTaSoriso bazarze marketingisTvis.
xarisxi
rogorc aRniSnulma kvlevam aCvena tradiciul rewvaSi ar moqmedebs xarisxis
kontrolis raime gamarTuli meqanizmi, rac produqciis xarisxSi mniSvnelovan
gansxvavebebs iwvevs.
mniSvnelovania, rom “saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciasTan” erTad
SemuSavdes xarisxis standartebi, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba sarealizacio
obieqtebis mier. msgavs praqtikas vxvdebiT mag. didi britaneTSi, sadac rewvis sabWom
SeimuSava xarisxis kontrolis standartebi, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba produqciis
ganviTareba da gaumjobeseba. 85
produqciis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad aucileblad gasaTvalsiwinebelia is
elementebi, romlebic produqciis saboloo xarisxs gansazRvravs:
• gamoyenebuli masalis xarisxi, rac moicavs rogorc masalis gamZleobas,
faqturas, ise janmrTelobisTvis saziano masalebis amoRebas gamoyenebidan. aseve
sinTetikuri, qimiuri masalebis bunebriviT Canacvlebas.
• Sesrulebis xarisxi, rac gulisxmobs xelnakeTobis ostatobis xarisxs.
• saboloo damuSavebis xarisxi, rac moicavs nakeTobis saboloo damuSavebis
xarisxs, rogoricaa zedapiris, kideebis damuSaveba, funciuri elementebis (Sesakravebis,
sarCulis da sxva) xarisxs.
10.4. SefuTva da wardgena
dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis produqciis umetesobas, rogorc wesi,
ar gaaCnia sacalo SefuTva da msoflioSi miRebuli standartis mixedviT Sedgenili
Tamxlebi informacia, romelic specialuri SefuTva mimzidvels xdis produqcias da
uzrunvelyofs mis usafrTxo trasporturebas zris mis gayidvadobas.
tradiciuli rewvis produqciis ganviTarebisas aucilebelia Seiqnas:
SefuTva transportirebisTvis, fizikuri dazianebis, wylis, tenis, mtvrisa da
WuWyisgan dacvisTvis.
sacalo SefuTva, romelic zrdis produqciis prezentabelurobas da
bredndingis mniSvnelovani nawilia. sacalo SefuTvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia rogorc
SefuTvis dizaini, ise xarjebis mizanSewoniloba. garemos dacvis organizaciebis
moTxovniT dResdReobiT saerTaSoriso bazarze gansakuTrebiT popularulia SesafuT
masalad meoradi nedleulis: qaRaldis, muyaos Tu sxva masalis gamoyeneba.
85 http://www.craftcouncil.nl.ca/membership/standards-info/
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117
produqciis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia tradiciuli rewvis nawarmis
Tanmxlebi informaciis Seqmna, romelic momxmarebels miawvdis informacias produqciis
kulturuli konteqstis, istoriis da mwarmoeblis Sesaxeb, aseve misi damzadebis
adgilis, masalis da moxmarebis wesebis Sesaxeb. Tanmxlebi informaciis mniSvneloba
gansakuTrebiT izrdeba, rodesac mwarmoebelsa da momxmarebels Soris Sualeduri
rgoli erTveba, rac xSirad produqtis Sesaxeb Zalze mniSvnelovani informaciis
dakargvas iwvevs. Tanaedrove myidveli sul ufro metad interesdeba imiT Tu rogor
keTdeba nivTi, vin daamzada, ra pirobebSi da ra damatebiT dadebiTi socialuri da
ekologiuri datvirTva aqvs mas.
Tanamedrove standartebis mixedviT tradiciuli rewvis produqciis Tanmxlebi
informacia unda moicavdes Semdegs:
(a) produqciis funqciis, istoriul-kulturuli konteqstis aRwera-daxasiaTebas;
(b) produqtis masalis/zomis daxasiaTebas; (saRebavebi, damRebi Zvirfasi liTonebi:
oqro da vercxli a.S)
(c) moxmarebis wesis Sesaxeb informacias (garecxvis, gaSrobis da gauTavebis
instruqciebi);
(d) sainformacio iarliyi produqtis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb: janmrTeloba da
usafrTxoeba (saTamaSoebi, saRebavebi, qimikatebi...); xanZris dros riski,
(e) avtoris/organizaciis saxels,sakontaqto informacias da damzadebis qveynis
miniSnebas.
saTanadod miwodebuli informacis produqciis istriul-kulturuli konteqstis,
masalebis Tu mwarmoeblis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovnad zrdis produqciis Rirebulebas
momxmareblis TvalSi.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania wardgena-eqponirebis sakiTxi, romelic marketinigis
mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. am aspeqtis arasaTanado aRqmas vawydebiT ara mxolod
calkeuli ostatebis, aramed maRaziebis, gansakuTrebiT ki suvenirebis salonebis
SemTxvevaSi. wardgena-eqponirebis mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania tradiciuli
nawarmis “koleqciebad” wardgena, rac rogorc marketinguli kvlevebi mowmobs ukeTesi
gayidvebis arsebiTi winapirobaa. 86
10.5. infrastuqtura
saxelosnoebi
mcire grantebis gacema saqarTvelos masStabiT saxelosnoebis
infrastruqturuli mowyobisTvis, rac moicavs danadgarebis ganaxlebas, farTis
optimalur aTvisebas, interieris saTanado ganaxleba-gaformebas. am praqtikis
warmatebuli magaliTebic, kerZod saxelosnoebis, romlebic amaJamad moqmed turistuli
marSrutebSia CarTuli da tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da organizaciebisTvis
alternatiuli Semosavlis wyaros warmoadgens vxvdebiT rogorc saqarTveloSi ise
saerTaSoriso praqtikaSic, rac miuTiTebs, rom saxelosnoebis infrastruqturis
gamarTvam da maTi (iseve, rogorc Rvinis marnebis mowyoba da e.w. “Rvinis gzis”
marSrutSi Casma) turistul marSrutebTan dakavSirebam, SesaZloa, sagrZnoblad
gazardos tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da organizaciebis Semosavlebi, rogorc
86 Lyn Nelson, GACC artisan Competition, Tbilisi, Georgia, June 2013, pp. 7
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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118
turistuli jgufebis maspinZlobiTa da tradiciuli teqnologiuri procesis
demonstrirebiT, ise maTi produqciis adgilze marketingis TvalsazrisiT.
qveynis masStabiT qalaqis Tu soflebis istoriul nawilSi, mxareTmcodneobis
muzeumebTan da sxva dawesebulebebTan sajaro sivrceebis gamoyofa saxelosnoebisTvis,
rac, Tavis mxriv, gazrdida maT turistul potencials, meore mxriv ki tradiciuli
rewvis centrebis ekonomikuri mdgradobis da, amavdroulad, tradiciuli codnisa da
unarebis SenarCunebis mniSvnelovani winapiroba iqneboda.
damxmare infrastuqturis ganviTareba, mag. bunebrivi saRebavebis saxelosnos
daarseba, romelic mxolod saRebavis realizacieze imuSavebda da masaliT
moamaragebda teqtilis warmoebas.
10.6. distribucia
rogorc kvlevam aCvena saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvas ar gaaCnia raime saxis
sadistribucio qseli, rac mniSvnelovnad zrudavs produqciis mimoqcevas teritoriaze.
am problemis aRmosafxvrelad mniSvnelovania:
regionuli principiT mwarmoebelTa koordinacia, rac Seamcirebda
transportirebis distribuciis xarjis wils TviToeul mwarmoebelze.
regionuli principiT arsebul sarealizacio obieqtebis koordinacia da
saziaro distribuciis arxebis Semqna.
10.7. bazari, gayidvebi
rogorc kvlevam aCvena dReisaTvis SezRudulia gayidvebis arxebi: ostatebis 81.3%
gayidvebis 3 an nakleb arxs mimarTavs. am problemis aRmosafxvrelad mniSvnelovania
gayidvebis arxebis diversifikacia, rac moicavs iseT RonisZiebebs, rogoricaa:
sarealizacio obieqtebis daarseba regionebSi. regionebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki
mniSvnelovan turistul centrebSi tradiciuli rewvis sarealizacio obieqtebis Seqna,
romlebic, Tavis mxriv SeiZleba daarsdes:
arsebul regionul muzeumebTan
istoriul ZeglebTan,
kerZo saxelosnoebSi,
turistul sainformacio centrebTan
kulturis saxlebTan
arsebul sayofacxovrebo nivTebiT movaWre maRaziebTan koordnicacia da
tradiciuli rewvis nawarmis maT produqciaSi sarealizaciod Setana.
internet gayidvebis xelSewyoba, rac saerTaSoriso gayidvebis SesaZleblobas
iZlva. am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 2013 wels saqarTvelos paypal sistemaSi gaerTianeba. Semdegi etapia tradiciuli rewvis mwarmoeblebis CarTva iseT
internet maRaziebSi rogoricaa etsey.com, novica.com, globalgirlfriend.com da a.S. iseve rogorc
tradiciulir rewvis nimuSbis qarTuli portalis Seqmna. am mimarTulebiT
mniSvnelovania saqarTvelodan mcire gzavnilebze fasebis regulireba.
eqsportis xelSewyoba, romelic moicavs e.w. “baierebTan” kontaqtebis damyarebas,
ise saerTaSoriso gamofenebSi da bazrobebSi saqarTvelodan tradiciuli rewvis
mwarmoebelTa monawileobas, rac erTdroulad eqsportis, qveynis brendingisa da
kulturuli memkvidreobis popilarizaciis saSualeba iqneba.
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012
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119
10.8. popularizacia da brendingi
tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia farTo sazogadoebaSi
dargis popularizaciaze mimarTuli sxvadasxva RonisZiebebis gatareba, rogorc
adgilobrivad qveynis SigniT, ise saerTaSoriso arenaze.
adgilobrivi RonisZiebebi:
tradiciuli rewvis damsaxurebuli ostatebis popularizacia gamofenebis,
festivalebis, gadacemebis, beWdur mediaSi gamoqveynebuli statiebisa da socialuri
qselebis meSveobiT;
safrTxis winaSe myofi rewvis tradiciebis popularizacia specialuri
sagnamanaTleblo popularuli programebis meSveobiT.
sxvadasxva media saSualebebiT momxmareblis gaTviTcnobiereba tradiciuli
rewvis produqciis xarisxis, bunebrivi masalebis gamoyenebis, tradiciuli dizainisa da
teqnologiebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb;
saerTaSoriso RonisZiebebi:
saerTaSoriso gamofenebSi da bazrobebSi (Messe Frankfurt, Fiera Milano, Santa Fe Folk Art Festival da sxva) monawileoba brendingisa da kulturuli memkvidreobis
popularizaciis saSualeba iqneba.
sxvadasxva qveynebSi saqarTvelos kulturis dReebis organizebisas tradiciuli
rewvis komponentis CarTva.
10.9. saganmanaTleblo baza
treningebi da unarebis amaRleba
seqtoris gasaZliereblad aucilebelia rewvis sferosTan dakavSirebuli individebisa
da organizaciebis unarebis amaRleba, iseT sakiTxebSi rogoricaa:
biznesis dagegmva da marTva
Tanamedrove bazris moTxovnebi, funqciuri kategoriebi, dizainis trendebi,
SefuTva, fasTwarmoqmna da wardgena
gamofena gayidvebSi monawileoba
brendingi da marketingi
fondebis moZieba
saganmanaTleblo sistema
istoriulad tradiciuli rwevis industria Segirdobis institutze dayrdnobiT
ganviTarda. Sesabamisad, dResac SemoqmedebiTi industriebis ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas,
formalur da araformalur swavlebas ganaTlebis yvela doneze. am sakiTxs Seexo 2005
wlis belfastis konferencia, romelzec ganxiluli ganaTlebis da swavlebis
problemebi. aqve gamoikveTa SemoqmedebiTi orientaciis mniSvneloba ganaTlebis yvela
sferosTvis, aseve saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi SemoqmedebiTi industriebisaTvis saWiro
unarebis CarTvis aucilebloba.
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rewvis tradiciebis popularizaciisa da Taobidan Taobaze gadasacemad aucilebelia
misi saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi integracia, rogorc saskolo, ise umaRles da
profesiuli ganaTlebis doneze kerZod:
saskolo ganaTleba
• skolebSi Sromis gakveTilebze dekoratiul gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis da
qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis dargebis swavlebis integrireba. am modelis warmatebul
magaliTad SeiZleba ganvixiloT iaponiis precedenti, sadac kiotoSi tradiciuli
rewvis swavleba saSualo skolaSi yvela doneze iqna integrirebuli.
• zogadsagnmanaTleblo skolebSi saqarTvelos xelovnebis istoriis zogad
kursSi dekoratiul gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis da tradiciuli rewvisadmi miZRvnili
Tematikis CarTva.
• mniSvnelovania kulturuli memkvidreobis ganaTlebisa da tradiciuli rewvis
swavlebis meTodologiuri saxelmZRvaneloebis SemuSaveba da arsebuli kulturuli
memkvidreobis ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebul saxelmZRvaneloebSi akm-s Temaitikis
integracia.87
umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi
• profesiul umaRles saswavleblebSi SemoqmedebiTi /kulturuli industriebis,
aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Tematikis, „kultura ekonomikuri
ganviTarebisTvis“ swavleba.
• sazafxulo praqtikebis dagegmva tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi/saxelosnoebSi,
kerZod: xelovnebaTmcodneebi, eTnografebisTvis eqspediciebi regionebSi ostatebis da
tradiciuli rewvis teqnikebis aRweris mizniT;
• umaRles saswavleblebSi (mag. Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia),
dizainis fakultetis studentebis praqtika tradiciuli rewvis ostatebTan, rac erTi
mxriv xels Seuwyobs axalgazrda dizainerebis tradiciebTan daaxloebas, xolo meore
mxriv, tradiciiul produqciaSi inovaciis Setanas. aRniSnuli praqtikis warmatebul
magaliTebs vxvdebiT indoeTSi da kolumbiaSi ganxorcielebuli araerTi proeqtis
saxiT.88
profesiuli saswavleblebi
dekoratiul gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis teqnikis Seswavlis paralelurad saswavlo
programaSi CaerTos mcire sawarmoebis biznesis marTvis safuZvlebi.
mniSvnelovania kulturis ganaTlebis xuTive etapisTvis meTodologiuri
saxelmZRvaneloebis SemuSaveba, maswavlebelTa gadamzadeba
87 kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebisa da istoriuli qalaqebis dacva, gamocemulia ICOMOS saqarTvelos mier. 2014 88 Designers Meet Artisans, A Practical Guide, published jointly by the Crafts Revival Trust, Atresanfas de Columbia, S.A and UNESCO, 2005