Traditional Herbal Knowledge among the Inhabitants: A Case ... · Atees Herb Root Juice,Powder /teaspoon withlukewarm water Stomachache, fever Anti-inammatory, antipyretic,Antibacterial,

Research ArticleTraditional Herbal Knowledge among the Inhabitants A CaseStudy in Urgam Valley of Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand India

Ankit Singh 1 Robbie Hart 2 Sudeep Chandra1

M C Nautiyal1 and Alexander K Sayok 3

1High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC) HNB Garhwal University Post Box 14Srinagar Garhwal 246174 Uttarakhand India2William L Brown Center Missouri Botanical Garden PO Box 299 St Louis MO 63166 USA3Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan SarawakMalaysia

Correspondence should be addressed to Alexander K Sayok ksalexenderunimasmy

Received 23 January 2019 Accepted 2 May 2019 Published 3 June 2019

Academic Editor Nunziatina De Tommasi

Copyright copy 2019 Ankit Singh et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

The Indian Himalaya is rich in plant species including many medicinal plants greatly valued by local inhabitants for health careneeds The study in Urgam Valley of Uttarakhand India is to identity and document traditional knowledge of medicinal plantsThe study revealed high consensus on medicinal plant usage with 51 species belonging to 31 families used for local health careNumber of species and uses known increases with age and elders and specialist healers retain higher levels of traditional medicinalplant knowledge having unique knowledge of medicinal plants and their uses as well as preparation

1 Introduction

India is rich in floral diversity with more than 17000angiosperm species 64 gymnosperms 1200 pteridophytes2850 bryophytes and 2021 lichens [1] Out of the total7500 species have been reported to have medicinal uses[2] Diverse topography and climatic conditions provide theIndian Himalaya with an especially rich medicinal plantswhereby alpine areas being the major source of importantmedicinal plants

Inhabitants of rural and remote areas still rely on plants asa major component of their health care systems Indigenousmedicines provide considerable economic benefits to localpeople [3] The World Health Organization (WHO) men-tioned that about 25 of modern medicines are developedfrom plant sources used traditionally and research on tradi-tional medicinal herbal plants leads to discovery of 75 ofherbal drugs [3 4]

Locals acquire knowledge of the economic values andmedicinal properties of many plants through need obser-vation trial and error and the transmitted experiencesof elders Often knowledge is concentrated in specialisthealers Most diseases cured by local herbalist are common

problems such as respiratory diseases aches and painswounds and musculoskeletal ailments Inhabitants often uselocalmedicinal plantswithout prior advice of local traditionalhealers because they are using these plants since generations[5] This knowledge may be passed secretively from onegeneration to the next throughword ofmouth [6] or inheritedvia medico-spiritual manuscripts [7] Although knowledgeof these valuable plants is often restricted within lineagesor in other ways ensuring that the younger generations inthese areas acquire this knowledge is essential to its continuityin use and sustainability Medicinal plant richness of theIndian Himalaya is exemplified in Garhwal Himalaya withinnorthwestern India This study focused on traditional herbalmedicines of Urgam a mountain valley in the GarhwalHimalaya rich inmedicinal plants which are still used by localinhabitants and specialist healers

2 Materials and Methods

21 The Study Area Urgam Valley (30∘301015840209310158401015840 to30∘341015840123510158401015840N and 79∘261015840140210158401015840 to 79∘301015840172610158401015840 E) is locatedin north-eastern Chamoli district in Uttarakhand India

HindawiEvidence-Based Complementary and Alternative MedicineVolume 2019 Article ID 5656925 21 pageshttpsdoiorg10115520195656925

2 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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78∘00 78

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∘00 80

∘00

79∘25

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∘28

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∘27

0 79

∘28

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∘28

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79

∘27

0 79

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0

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N30∘3130

N30∘330

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30∘3430

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N30∘300

N

78∘00 78

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NN

0 25 50 100Km

0

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175 350 750 1052 1400

Kilometers

1cm=252 km

1 cm=1 km

W E

S

1 2 3 4

High 3307

Low 1240

Study Sites

URGAM VALLEY

Figure 1 Urgam Valley in Chamoli District of Uttarakhand India

(Figure 1) The valley joins the Kalp Ganga Valley at 1300m amsl to the surrounding mountain tops above 3000 mamsl Crops consist mainly of three types namely RabiKharif and Zaid The main Rabi crops of the region areWheat and Mustard and Kharif crop are Rice MaizeFinger millet Barnyard grasses and Amaranthus Zaidcrops include Beans Cucumber and pumpkin Amongthe fruits are Apple Peach Cherry and Walnut Annualrainfall ranges from 2000 to 2500 mm while temperatureranges from 15 to 35∘C during summer and -2 to 15∘Cin winter Urgam Valley spans over a wide spread oftopographic and climatic conditions namely alpinesubalpine and temperate zones provide a range of plant habi-tats

22 Field Survey and Data Collection Local surveys includ-ing uses of medicinal plants of Urgam Valley were donebetween August 2015 and July 2016 Ninety-six informantswere randomly selected in 11 villages After giving priorinformed consent informants answered questionnaires (seethe Appendix) in the local language (Garhwali) with photos

of 110 medicinal plants as references Answers were elicitedbased on plant species (ldquowhat do you know about [plantsname]rdquo and based on disease condition (ldquowhich plants youuse when suffering from [disease name]rdquo)

The questionnaires were then compiled detailed infor-mation for each plant on local name life form local usesmethod of use or drug preparation and amount of use (dose)Apart from the general population survey of villagers andshepherds local male (Vaidyas) and female specialists (Daai)were also sought to compare their knowledge to that of thegeneral population

23 Plant Collection and Identification Voucher specimenswere prepared for the traditionally used plants documentedin this study Specimenswere identified using Flora ofDistrictGarhwal [8] and Flora of Chamoli [9] and in comparisonwith the specimens of Garhwal University Herbarium Sri-nagar Garhwal (GUH) Plant specimens were mounted onherbarium sheets and preserved in HAPPRC HerbariumPlant names reported here were matched usingThe Plant List[10]

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 3

24 Data Analysis

241 Comparing Consensus in Plant Use across Categories ofUse An informant consensus factor (ICF) was used to mea-sure the consensus in plant use for a given illness treatment inthe study area To develop this consensus all treated diseaseswere grouped into nine categories (a) gastrointestinal disor-ders (b) fever and aches (c) diseases of the skin (d) removeweakness immunomodulator anaemia (e) ophthalmologiccomplaints (f) poisonous bite (g) dental problems (h) earache and (i) hearing problems Within these categories ICFwas calculated according to the following formula [11]

ICF = (119873119906119903 minus 119873119905119886119909119886)(119873119906119903 minus 1)

(1)

whereNur refers to the number of use-reports for a particularailment category andNtaxa refers to the number of taxa usedfor a particular ailment category by all informants ICF valueranges from 0 to 1 A high ICF value (close to 10) indicatesldquoconsensusrdquo indicating relatively few taxa is reported by alarge proportion of informants for an ailment category

242 Comparing Plants and Uses across Informants To testwhether the traditional medicinal plant knowledge variedwith age the total plants or total uses reported by each infor-mant (excluding healers) were summed up and ran linearregressions and natural spline regressions using the packagesplines [12] in the R statistical framework (Version 330)

To test whether healers reported a different set of plantsand uses altogether the 89 informants who had reportedmore than 10 species were compared A matrix with plants ascolumns and informants were constructed as rows calculatedBray-Curtis distances among each pair of informants basedon how similar their answers were and used nonmetricmultidimensional scaling to plot informants based on thesedistances To calculate the significance of specialist healerstatus the fit of this factor on the location of informants inthe ordination spacewas compared to that of 999 randomizedshuffles using the R package vegan [13]

3 Results

31 Demographic Features of Informants A total of 96 peoplewere interviewed consisting of seven local healers fromboth female (Daai) and male (Vaidyas healers) Most (48participants or 50) were 41-60 years old with 27 informantsor 281 were 40 years old and younger Seventeen wereilliterate while 4 young practitioners held a tertiary education(degreediploma) (Table 1)

32 Traditional Medicinal Plants Diversity Fifty-one speciesrepresenting 31 families are used by local inhabitants ofUrgam Valley in Chamoli Garhwal for local health care (seeTable 2) Out of 31 families most (21 families) were dicotyle-dons 9 were monocotyledons and 1 was gymnospermThe most represented families were asteraceae (7 species)followed by lamiaceae amaryllidaceae and apiaceae (3species each) (Figure 2) Most species (39 species 77) were

Table 1 Demographic characteristic of informants

Variables Categories NumberAge 20-30 9

31-40 1741-50 2251-60 2661-70 1971-80 3

Gender specialist Male (general) 72Female (general) 17

Male specialist healer 4Female specialist healer 3

Education level Illiterate 171-5 276-10 2210-12 26gt12 4

Source of knowledge By parents 71By other 20

Self-experiments 5Total 96

herbaceous plants though trees (7 species 14) climbers (3species 6) and shrubs (2 species 4) were also included

33 Plant Part Use and Drug Preparation Plant parts usedwere mostly roots (18 species 32) and leaves (13 species23) Also recorded were aerial parts (7 species 13) seeds(4 species 7) fruits rhizome bark and whole plants eachtwo species (5) (Figure 3)

The different type of formulations prepared by localinhabitants of Urgam recorded during the study was primar-ily plant powder (42 of formulations) Other preparationsare paste (23) extractjuice (17) decoction and raw (7)and herbal tea (2) (Figure 4) All formulations are preparedby local practitioner (Vaidyas) elders or those with moreexperience in herbal medicines

34 Informant Consensus Factor The highest consensusamong informants (ICF) is found forAconitum balfourii Stapffor poisonous bite (PB) followed by Berberis aristataDC andBerberis lycium Royle for ophtalmologic complaints (OP)and Potentilla lineata Trevor for dental problems (DP) (099)(Table 3)

35 Comparing Plants and Uses across Informants Inhabi-tants of Urgam Valley have a generally strong knowledgeof medicinal plants with informants reporting on average18 plant species and 13 uses This knowledge increaseswith age linear regressions on age significantly increasefor uses (y=018lowastage+53 plt001 r-squared = 039) and forplant species (y=024lowastage+55 plt001 r-squared = 037)The natural spline regressions show that this effect is lesssteep at higher ages (significantly nonlinear) that is there isless increase in knowledge after about age 50 (Figure 6(a))


Table2Herbalm

edicinea

ndmod

eofadm

inistratio

nby

inhabitantso

fUrgam

ValleyinCh

amoliG

arhw

alU

ttarakh

andIndia

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR

Pharmacologicalactiv

ity

1

Aconitu

mbalfouriiStapf

Syn

Aconitu

mlethale

Griff

Ranu

nculaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4103

Figu

re5(a)

MeethaBh

ngwa

Herb

Root

Decoctio

n(in

cowurine)

Paste

12drop

once

aday

Snakeb

ite11

Diaph

oreticdiuretic

analgesic

febrifu

geanti-infl

ammatory

anti-rheumaticanti-p

yretic

verm

ifugepow

erfulsedative

narcoticandpo

ison[14

15]

2

Aconitu

mheterophyllum

WallexRo

yle

Ranu

nculaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4104

Figu

re5(b)

Atees

Herb

Root

JuicePo

wder

12teaspo

onwith

lukewarm

water

Stom

achache

fever

69

Anti-infl

ammatory

antip

yreticA

ntibacteria

lIm

mun

omod

ulatory

Anthelm

inthic

Antihyperlip

idem

icanalgesic

[1416ndash

19]

3AjugaparvifloraBe

nth

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4168

Neelkanthi

Herb

Who

leplant

Powd

eror

decoction

12-1teaspo

on3

times

aday

with

water

Stom

achache

fever

29

Hypertensionmalaria

pneumon

iaedemaas

anthelmintic

antifu

ngal

hypo

glycem

ic

anti-inflammatoryantitussiv

eexpectorantantitum

orand

antim

icrobialagents[2021]

4Alliu

mcepa

LAmaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4120

Pyaj

Herb

Bulb

Juice

1-3drop

sEa

rache

48

Antitu

morantidiabetic

antio

xidantantibacteria

lanti-allergicandmolluscicidal

activ

ity[2223]

5Alliu

msativ

umL

Amaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4121

Lehsun

Herb

Who

leplants

Paste

12teaspo

onBu

rntCu

t23

Antibacteria

lantivira

lantifun

galanti-parasitic

cardiovascular

[24]

6Alliu

mwa

llichiiKu

nth

Amaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4125

Lainka

Herb

Leaves

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Gastric

12Anti-m

icrobialanti-o

xidant

andanti-cancer

[25]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

7An

gelicagla

ucaEd

gew

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4146

Choru

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Gastric

9Antioxidantantim

icrobial

andph

ytotoxic[26]

8

Artemisianilagir

ica(C

BClarke)P

amp

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4136

Kunja

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nCu

tand

woun

ds24

Antim

icrobialantifu

ngal

antib

acteria

lantifi

laria

linsecticidalantiulcer

antic

ancerantio

xidant

and

anti-asthmatic[27]

9

Asparagusfi

licinus

Buch-H

amexDDon

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4126

Jhirn

aHerb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

cowmilk

Remove

weakness

13Hypolipidem

ic[28]

10BerberisaristataDC

Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4163

Kingod

Shrub

Root

Decoctio

n1-2

drop

Eyea

ilments

87

Antim

icrobialantidepressant

diabetes

mellitus

hepatoprotectiv

eim

mun

omod

ulatory[

29]

11Berberislyciu

mRo

yle

Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4164

Chotru

Herb

Bark

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

nthric

eaday

Diabeteseye

ailm

ents

92

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantih

yperlip

idem

ic

Antim

icrobialantim

utagenic

pesticidalwo

undhealing[30]

12

Bergenia

ciliata

(Haw

)Sternb

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4112

Syalph

adi

Herb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e45

Anti-tussiv

eantiu

lcer

anti-neop

lasticantio

xidant

antib

acteria

lhypo

glycaemic

[3132]

13

Bergenia

stracheyi

(Hoo

kfamp

Thom

son)

Engl

Figu

re5(c)

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4113

Pashanbh

edHerb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e61

Anti-a

rthriticantim

icrobial

[32]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

14

Centellaasiatica(L)

Urb

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4174

Brahmi

Herb

Leaves

JuicePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

26

Stim

ulatory-nervineton

ic

rejuvenantsedative

tranqu

ilizera

ndintelligence

prom

otingprop

erty

antie

pilepticleprosy

antin

ociceptiv

eand

anti-inflammatory[

33ndash35]

15

Cinn

amom

umtamala

(Buch-H

am)TNeesamp

Eberm

Lauraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4169

Tejpat

Tree

Leaves

bark

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Con

trolblood

pressure

49Antidiabetic

antibacteria

lanti-ulcerantim

icrobial[36]

16Cirsium

wallichiiDC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4138

Kanjelu

Herb

Root

Powd

erJuice

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

2Antim

icrobialand

Antioxidant

[37]

17Cu

cumissativ

usL

Cucurbita

ceae

HAPP

RCASR

4153

Kakd

iClim

ber

Seeds

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Diuretic

40Antim

icrobialA

ntioxidant

Hypocholesterolemic[38]

18Cu

rcum

alongaL

Zing

iberaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4165

Haldu

Herb

Rhizom

ePaste

12teaspo

ontwicea

day

Cutand

woun

ds86

Anti-H

IVantioxidant

anti-inflammatoryanti-tumor

[39]

19

Dactylorhizahatagir

ea(D

Don

)Soo

Orchidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4162

Figu

re5(d)

Hathajadi

Herb

Root

Paste

Pow

der

12teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

dsfever

stomachache

39Antibacteria

laphrod

isiac

antip

yretic[14

]

20Dioscorea

bulbifera

LDioscoreaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4139

Tairu

Clim

ber

Tuber

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

3

Antihyperlip

idem

ic

antitum

orantioxidant

anorexiantanalgesic

anti-inflammatoryplasmid

curin

ganti-diabeticand

antih

yperglycem

ic[40]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

21

Eupatoriu

madenophorum

Sprengel

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4157

Basya

Herb

Leaves

Juice

12-1

teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

d29

Analgesicantifu

ngal[4142]

22

Girardiniadiversifolia

(Link)

Friis

Urticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4118

Kand

ali

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

water

Fever

1Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal[43]

23

Hippophae

salicifolia

DDon

Elaeagnaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4140

Figu

re5(e)

Amesh

Tree

Fruits

Juice

5-10

teaspo

onin

1glasswater

Coo

lant

6

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antic

anceranti-inflammatory

immun

omod

ulatory

radio-protectiv

eadaptogenic

anti-atherosclerosisand

anti-ste

rility

[44]

24Jugla

nsregiaL

Juglandaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4150

Akh

rot

Tree

Fruitp

eel

Paste

12teaspo

onSkin

diseases

56

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

anti-atherogenic

anti-inflammatorya

ndantim

utagenicprop

ertie

s[45ndash47]

25

Jurin

eamacrocephala

DC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4116

Bishkand

ara

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eaday

water

Fever

2Antioxidant

andAntibacteria

l[48]

26

Macrotylomaun

iflorum

(Lam

)Ve

rdc

Fabaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4114

Gahat

Herb

Seeds

Boiledsoup

1bow

lthricea

day

Ston

e96

Hepatop

rotectiveanti-ob

esity

antic

alcifyingantid

iabetic

antim

icrobial[49ndash

53]

27

Megacarpaea

polyan

dra

Benthex

Madden

Brassic

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4111

Figu

re5(f)

Barm

olu

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

lukewarm

water

Gastric

4Not

repo

rted


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

28MenthapiperitaL

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4148

Pudina

Herb

Leaves

Paste

12-1teaspo

onwater

Coo

lant

9Antim

icrobial[54]

29Mira

bilis

jalapa

LNyctaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4117

Herb

Leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds12

Antim

icrobial[55]

30

Nardosta

chysjataman

si(D

Don

)DC

Caprifoliaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4156

Maasi

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Jaun

dice

1

Toniclaxativ

ediuretic

spasmod

ichepatoprotectiv

ecardio

protectiv

e[56ndash58]

31Ocim

umtenu

iflorum

LLamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4115

Tulsi

Herb

Leaves

Powd

eror

raw

3-5leaves

with

water

Fevercoug

handcold

75Antim

icrobial

radio-protectiv

eantd

iabetic

anti-carcinogenic[5960]

32Oxalis

cornicu

lataL

Oxalid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4133

Alm

odu

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Paste

12teaspo

onBo

ils26

Anti-infl

ammatory

refrigerantand

antiscorbutic

hypo

glycem

ic

antih

ypertensive

antip

sychoticstim

ulant

chrono

tropicamp

inotropic

effect[61ndash6

3]

33

Paeoniaem

odiR

oyle

Paeoniaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4172

Figu

re5(g)

Chandra

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

87

Backachedropsy

epilepsyton

icemetic

cathartic

blood

purifi

erand

colicpurgativ

e[64

]

34

Picrorhiza

kurrooaRo

yle

exBe

nth

Plantaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4105

Figu

re5(h)

Kadw

iHerb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

96

Immun

omod

ulatory

cardiotonicantip

yretic

anthelmintic

laxativea

ndanti-asthmatic

hepatoprotectiv

eantic

holesta

tic

anti-ulcerogenic

anti-asthmaticand

immun

e-regu

latory

functio

ns[6566]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

35

Polygonatum

verticillatum

(L)All

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4127

Figu

re5(i)

Maham

aidaSalam

panja

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

3

Anti-infl

ammatory

antim

alarialantip

yretic

insecticidalantibacteria

lantifun

galantid

iarrheal

[67ndash70]

36

Potentillalin

eata

Trevir

Syn

Potentillafulgens

LRo

saceae

HAPP

RCASR

4173

Bajrd

anti

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

26Anthelm

intic

[71]

37

Prun

uspersica

(L)

Batsch

Rosaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4177

Aaru

Tree

Seeds

peric

arp

Paste

12teaspo

onInfectionaft

erbreakage

ofhair

(Baalto

d)2

Anthelm

intic

insectic

idal

sedativ

ediureticdem

ulcent

expectorantverm

icidaland

areu

sedin

leucod

ermaa

ndin

piles[72]

38Pu

nica

gran

atum

LLythraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4142

Anar

Tree

Fruits

Raw

1fruit

Anemia

8

Antim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory

anti-diabeticanticancer

[7374]

39

Rheum

moorcroftian

umRo

yle

Polygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4160

Figu

re5(j)

Dolu

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12teaspo

onInternalinjury

cutand

woun

ds24

Purgativea

ntim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory[

1475]

40

Rhododendron

campanu

latumDD

onEricaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4178

Syam

ruTree

Leaves

Paste

with

oil

12-1teaspo

onSkin

disease

6Analgesicanti-infl

ammatory

[76]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic

ancerhepatoprotectiv

eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache

1Antipyreticanalgesicand

anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory

anti-bacterialanti-fung

al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory

anti-diabeticanti-toxicity

[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts

FamiliesFigure 2 Number of medicinal plants in different families

02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t

Plant partsFigure 3 Plant parts used to cure different ailments by inhabitants of Urgam Valley

Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2

Figure 4 Traditional drug preparations by inhabitants of UrgamValley

Healers who were excluded from this analysis report moreplants and more uses than the average predicted value fortheir age (Figure 6(b)) Elders also tendmore to report learn-ing from their parents as a source of knowledge and tend toeasily identify plants and their localities and characters whilesome younger informants struggled to give information

Ordinations show similarity between informants by plot-ting those who reported more similar lists of plants or

more similar lists of species are closer together (Figure 7)Although there is a great deal of overlap specialist healersdo report a significantly different set of plants (p=001 r-squared=006) and uses (plt001 r-squared=007) than non-specialists For instance Dioscorea bulbifera Polygonatumverticillatum Jurinea macrocephala and Prunus persica wereonly reported by healers Bergenia ciliata Allium cepa andCinnamomum tamala were more widely reported but mostfrequently by healers (all healers reported these plantscompared to only lt50 of nonhealers) Likewise infectionafter breakage of hair in body ldquoBaaltodrdquo was only reportedby healers and Control blood pressurersquo and ldquoEar acherdquowere reported more widely but much more frequently byhealers (all healers reported these uses compared to lt50of nonhealers)

4 Discussion

Medicinal plants are globally used in local health care byethnic communities of the world and the knowledge of folkmedicine is being documented throughout the world

Our results show strong consensus on plant uses inUrgam Valley with high informant consensus values acrossall categories Further we show that knowledge of traditional


(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)

Figure 5 (a) Aconitum balfourii (b) Aconitum heterophyllum (c) Bergenia stracheyi (d) Dactylorhiza hatagirea (e)Hippophae salicifolia (f)Megacarpaea polyandra (g) Paeonia emodi (h) Picrorhiza kurrooa (i) Polygonatum verticillatum (j) Rheum moorcroftianum (k) Saussureaobvallata (l) Swertia chirayita


Table 3 Informants consensus factor for different ailment categories

Ailment category Number of usereports (Nur) of use reports Number of taxa

(Nt) of taxaInformants

consensus factor(ICF)

Gastrointestinal disorders 271 1446 11 2156 096

Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097

Diseases of the skin 318 1696 10 1960 097Remove weaknessimmunomodulatoranaemia

131 699 4 784 097

Ophthalmologiccomplaints 179 955 2 392 099

Poisonous bite 11 058 1 196 1

Dental problems 121 645 2 392 099

Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097

Hearing problems 74 394 2 392 098

Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)

Figure 6 Species and uses reported by the general populace (red) increase with age (a) and are greatest for specialist healers (blue b) Theline indicates a natural spline regression in which the increase in knowledge with age flattens above age 50


species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes

(b)Figure 7 A nonmetricmultidimensional scaling of points (informants) which are plotted closer together when species (a) or uses (b) reportedare more similar and sized by the count for each informant of species or uses Although there is overlap healers (blue) occupy a significantlydifferent section of the ordination spaces showing that they report particular plants and uses

uses and of medicinal plants is higher in elders (bujurg)who learnt this knowledge from their parents or forefathersand associated plant medicine with positive attitudes butalso with regular practice of identifying and using plants totreat different ailments We also showed that specialists tendto report different and unique species and were associatedwith some species that were widely reported but mostconsistently reported by specialist For instance Bergeniaciliata (Haworth) Sternberg was reported here used for stonesby every healer This is a widely used plant with similar usecitations reported locally [8 105] but also across the greaterHimalayan region for a variety of uses [106]

Most commonly mentioned plants across the generalpopulation have also been reported previously for similaruses from the region For instance Picrorhiza kurrooa Benthwhich was reported by nearly every informant is used forfever similar to Bhat et al [107] where it was reportedfor fever and stomach ache Zanthoxylum armatum DCreported by 95 informants for cleaning teeth and toothachewas reported for similar uses locally [108] and more distantlyby Abbasi et al [109] Berberis lycium Royle DC reportedby 92 informants for conjunctivitis was also reported byGaur [8] for ophthalmia and Bhat et al [107] for eye irri-tation Aconitum heterophyllum Wallex Royle root powderreported by 69 informants for stomach ache and feverwas also reported elsewhere [107 108] for the same usesMore distantly the species is also reported for dysentery[106] in Northern Pakistan Juglans regia L reported by 56for cleaning teeth and treatment of skin diseases was alsoreported for similar uses from Northern Pakistan [106 110]while in Uttarakhand Gaur [8] reported its use as fisherydye fungicide and insecticide Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Don)Soo reported by 39 for cut and wounds and stomach achewas also reported for similar uses locally [107] Aconitum

balfourii Stapt which was uncommonly reported for snakebites in this study was reported previously for similar usesuse in poisonous skin diseases [107] as antidote of snake andscorpion sting and for rheumatism arthritis and paralysisfrom Nanda Devi Biosphere reserve [111] and leprosy [108]

5 Conclusion

The study suggests that while there remains a rich knowledgeof medicinal plants in Urgam Valley most knowledge isheld by elders (bujurg) and specialist healers (vaidyas anddaai) Knowledge of medicinal plants is important andfrequently used by local inhabitants to support their healthcare Pharmacological activity on most of the plants is yetunknown so medicinal plants use in Urgam might be helpfulin new drug discovery and pharmacological properties Mostof the highly useful plants of Himalaya are threatened withoverexploitation and irregular harvesting and now limited tofew pockets Ex situ and in situ conservation should be imple-mented to conserve biodiversity and these valuable medicinalplants Cultivation rather than wild-harvest of threatenedvaluable medicinal plants may support the traditional usesdocumented here while also protecting wild populations

Appendix

Questionnaires

Informantsrsquo Details

(1) What is your name

Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you


(3) What is your Education Illiterate5thHigh schoolIntermediatesgraduation

(4) What is your occupation(5) Locationresidence(6) Altitude(7) Do you know about medicinal plants Yesno

If yes(8) Which plants do you know

(81) Plant (Local name)(82) Habit (Tree Herb ShrubClimber)(83) Number name of disease (s) treated(84) How you identify particular diseaseSymptoms(85) Plant part used (Rootleaves stem flow-ers fruit aerial partwhole plants)(86) Method of crude drug preparation andadministration(87) Dosage(88) How you collect and stored medicinalherbs and their preparation(89) How much time we can use these storedpreparation (About expiry date )(810) Have you ever used this or just youknowledge from forefather or elsewhere(811) Other importance(812) Cultivated Wild(813) Wild availabilityCommonscatteredrare very rare(814) Natural location High altitude middlealtitude lower altitude every where(815) Natural pockets where you seen or col-lected (Place name)(816) Availability of particular medicinal plantsincreases or decreases

If increasesdecreases(817) What is your opinion for why increase ordecrease(818) Conservation required YesNo

If yes(819) How can we conserve these importantspecies

Remarks

Plants identified as (Botanical name and family)Signature of Researcher

Informantsrsquo Consent

I (Informants name)declare that information given byme is true completeand accurate and I am fully consent for it

Table 4

SNo Disease (Local name) Disease (Englishname)

1 Anidra Insomnia2 Ankh ki bimariyan Eye problems3 Aankh aana Eye flue4 Apach Indigestion5 Baal jhadna Hair fall

6 Baaltod Boils after breakage ofhair

7 Bukhar Fever8 Daant dard Tooth ache9 Diabetes Diabetes10 Gum chot Wounds11 Haddi tootna Bon fracture12 Jalna Burnt13 Jodo ka dard Joint pain14 Jukam Cold15 Kaan dard Ear ache16 Kamjori Nutritive17 KatnaKatyon Cuts18 Khasi Cough19 MakraDaad Herpes20 Paichis Dysentery21 Pathri Stone22 Peelia Jaundice23 Pet dard Stomach ache24 Pet ke keede Stomach worms25 Phati Biwain Feet crack26 Phode funsi Boils27 Pradar Leukorrhea28 Sar dard Head ache29 Syalbai Kind of fever30 TB Tuberculosis

Date (SignatureThumb im-pression of Informant)

(i) Photographic base survey (N=110)(9) To show one by one photograph to informants

and ask have ever saw this plantsIf informants know about plants (Repeat from(81) to (819))

(ii) List of medicinal plants with local name(10) What do you know about plants (Local

name)If informants know about plants (Repeat from(81) to (819))

(iii) Disease base information(11) What do you know about (diseases name)

If they know and use some medicinal plant forparticular diseases

The diseases list used to collect information is shownin Table 4 (Repeat (81) to (819))


Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-

=No1 Aconitum balfourii syn Aconitum lethale Griff2 Aconitum heterophyllumWall ex Royle3 Aconitum violaceum Jacquem ex Stapf

4 Aconogonon rumicifolium syn Pleuropteropyrumrumicifolium (Royle ex Bab) Munshi amp Javeid

5 Acorus calamus L6 Aesculus indica (Wall ex Cambess) Hook7 Ajuga parviflora Benth8 Allium cepa L9 Allium sativum L10 Allium stracheyi Baker11 Allium wallichii Kunth12 Angelica archangelica L13 Angelica glauca Edgew14 Arisaema tortuosum (Wall) Schott15 Arnebia benthamii (Wall ex GDon) IMJohnst16 Asparagus filicinus Buch-Ham ex DDon17 Barleria cristata L18 Berberis aristata DC19 Berberis chitria Buch-Ham ex Lindl20 Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb21 Bergenia stracheyi (Hook f ampThomson) Engl22 Betula utilis D Don23 Boehmeria rugulosaWedd24 Cedrus deodara (Roxb ex DDon) GDon25 Centella asiatica (L) Urb26 Cinnamomum tamala (Buch-Ham) TNees amp Eberm27 Cirsium wallichiiDC28 Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm) Swingle29 Cucumis sativus L30 Curcuma longa L31 Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers32 Dactylorhiza hatagirea (DDon) Soo33 Delphinium vestitumWall ex Royle34 Dioscorea bulbifera L35 Drymaria cordata (L) Willd ex Schult36 Duchesnea indica (Jacks) Focke37 Echinochloa frumentacea Link38 Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn

39 Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng Syn Ageratinaadenophora (Spreng) RMKing amp HRob

40 Ficus palmata Forssk41 Fritillaria roylei Syn Fritillaria cirrhosa DDon42 Geranium wallichianumDDon ex Sweet43 Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis44 Habenaria intermedia DDon45 Hedera nepalensis KKoch46 Hedychium spicatum Sm47 Hippophae salicifolia DDon48 Juglans regia L

Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-

=No49 Jurinea macrocephalaDC50 Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall) Drude51 Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) Verdc52 Malaxis muscifera (Lindl) Kuntze53 Megacarpaea polyandra Benth ex Madden54 Mentha times piperita L55 Morina longifoliaWall ex DC56 Nardostachys jatamansi (DDon) DC57 Nicandra physalodes (L) Gaertn58 Ocimum tenuiflorum L59 Oxalis corniculata L60 Paeonia emodi Royle61 Paris polyphylla Sm62 Persicaria capitata (Buch-Ham ex DDon) HGross63 Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth

64 Podophyllum hexandrum Syn Sinopodophyllumhexandrum (Royle) TSYing

65 Polygonatum verticillatum (L) All66 Potentilla fulgens L Syn Potentilla lineata Trevir67 Pouzolzia hirta Blume ex Hassk68 Primula denticulate Sm69 Prunus cerasoides Buch-Ham ex DDon70 Prunus persica (L) Batsch71 Punica granatum L

72 Quercus leucotrichophora ACamus Syn Quercusoblongata DDon

73 Rheum austral D Don74 Rheum moorcroftianum Royle75 Rhododendron campanulatumD Don76 Roscoea alpina Royle77 Rubia cordifolia L78 Rubus ellipticus Sm79 Rumex hastatus DDon80 Rumex nepalensis Spreng81 Satyrium nepalenseDDon82 Saussurea costus (Falc) Lipsch83 Saussurea gossypiphora DDon84 Saussurea obvallata (DC) Edgew85 Selinum vaginatum CB Clarke86 Skimmia laureola Franch89 Solanum americanumMill87 Solanum khasianum CB Clarke88 Solanum nigrum L Syn90 Stellaria media (L) Vill91 Swertia chirayita (Roxb) Buch-Ham ex CBClarke92 Swertia ciliata (D Don ex G Don) BL Burtt93 Swertia cordata (Wall ex G Don) CB Clarke94 Tagetes erecta L95 Tanacetum longifolium Syn Athanasia linifolia BurmF96 Taraxacum officinale Syn T campylodesGEHaglund


Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-

=No97 Taxus wallichiana Zucc98 Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn) Roxb99 Terminalia chebula Retz100 Thalictrum foliolosum DC101 Tinospora sinensis (Lour) Merr102 Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour103 Trillium govanianumWall ex DDon104 Urtica ardens Link105 Urtica dioica L106 Valeriana wallichiiDC Syn Valeriana jatamansi Jones107 Vanda cristataWall ex Lindl108 Viola canescensWall109 Zanthoxylum armatumDC110 Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Plant list (see Table 5)

Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study areavailable from the corresponding author upon request

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to local inhabitants of Urgam forsharing their valuable knowledge with us

References

[1] B Joshi and S C Pant ldquoEthnobotanical study of some com-mon plants used among the tribal communities of KashipurUttarakhandrdquo Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources(IJNPR) vol 3 no 2 pp 262ndash266 2012

[2] M P Shiva Inventory of Forestry Resources for SustainableManagement and Biodiversity Conservation Indus PublishingCompany New Delhi India 1996

[3] B Malla D P Gauchan and R B Chhetri ldquoAn ethnobotanicalstudy of medicinal plants used by ethnic people in Parbatdistrict of western Nepalrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol165 pp 103ndash117 2015

[4] World Health Organization (WHO) WHO TraditionalMedicine Strategy WHO Geneva Switzerland 2002

[5] A Singh M C Nautiyal R M Kunwar and R W BussmannldquoEthnomedicinal plants used by local inhabitants of Jakholiblock Rudraprayag district western Himalaya Indiardquo Journalof Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 13 no 49 pp 1ndash29 2017

[6] P C M Jansen Spices Condiments and Medicinal Plants inEthiopia Their Taxonomic and Agricultural Significance Centre

for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation WageningenNetherlands 1981

[7] T Teklehaymanot and M Giday ldquoEthnobotanical study ofmedicinal plants used by people in Zegie Peninsula Northwest-ern Ethiopiardquo Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine vol 3no 12 2007

[8] R D Gaur Flora of the District Garhwal Northwest Himalayas(With Ethnobotanical Notes) Transmedia Srinagar GarhwalUttarakhand India 1999

[9] B D Naithani Flora of Chamoli vol 1 amp 2 Botanical Survey ofIndia Howrah India 1985

[10] httpwwwtheplantlistorg[11] M Heinrich A Ankli B Frei C Weimann and O Sticher

ldquoMedicinal plants in Mexico healersrsquo consensus and culturalimportancerdquo Social Science ampMedicine vol 47 no 11 pp 1859ndash1871 1998

[12] D M Bates and W N Venables Splines R package version33-0 2016 httpscranr-projectorgwebpackagessplinesindexhtml

[13] J Oksanen B F Guillaume R Kindt et al Vegan Commu-nity Ecology Package R package version 23-0 2016 httpCRANR-projectorgpackage=vegan

[14] M C Nautiyal and B P Nautiyal Agrotechniques for HighAltitudeMedicinal Aromatic Plants Bishen SinghMahendra PalSingh 2004

[15] O StapfThe Aconites of India A Monograph Bengal Secretari-ats Press Calcutta India 1905

[16] S Verma S Ojha andM Raish ldquoAnti-inflammatory activity ofAconitum heterophyllum on cotton pellet-induced granulomain ratsrdquo Journal of Medical Plants Research vol 4 no 15 pp1566ndash1569 2010

[17] MAhmadWAhmadMAhmadM Zeeshan andF ShaheenldquoNorditerpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum hetero-phyllum Wall with antibacterial activityrdquo Journal of EnzymeInhibition andMedicinal Chemistry vol 23 no 6 pp 1018ndash10222008

[18] M Nagarajan G R Kuruvilla K S Kumar and P Venkata-subramanian ldquoPharmacology of Ativisha Musta and theirsubstitutesrdquo Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine vol6 no 2 pp 121ndash133 2015

[19] A K Subash and A Augustine ldquoHypolipidemic effect ofmethanol fraction of Aconitum heterophyllum wall ex Royleand the mechanism of action in diet-induced obese ratsrdquoJournal of AdvancedPharmaceutical TechnologyampResearch vol3 no 4 pp 224ndash228 2012

[20] T Baytop Therapy with Medicinal Plants (Past and Present)Istanbul University Publications Istanbul Turkey 1984

[21] M Wessner B Champion J-P Girault N Kaouadji B Saidiand R Lafont ldquoEcdysteroids from Ajuga ivardquo Phytochemistryvol 31 no 11 pp 3785ndash3788 1992

[22] AHelen K Krishnakumar P L Vijayammal andK T AugustildquoAntioxidant effect of onion oil (Allium cepa Linn) on thedamages induced by nicotine in rats as compared to alpha-tocopherolrdquoToxicology Letters vol 116 no 1-2 pp 61ndash68 2000

[23] J W Lampe ldquoHealth effects of vegetables and fruit assessingmechanisms of action in human experimental studiesrdquo Amer-ican Journal of Clinical Nutrition vol 70 no 3 pp 475ndash4901999

[24] M A E Mahmood ldquoEfficacy of crude extracts of garlic (Alliumsativum Linn) against nosocomial Escherichia coli Staphylo-coccus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniea and Pseudomonas


aeruginosardquo Journal ofMedicinal Plants Research vol 3 pp 179ndash185 2009

[25] J Bhandari B Muhammad P Thapa and B G ShresthaldquoStudy of phytochemical anti-microbial anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties of Allium wallichiirdquo BMC Complementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 17 no 102 pp 1ndash9 2017

[26] M Irshad Habib-Ur-Rehman M Shahid S Aziz and TGhous ldquoAntioxidant antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities ofessential oil of angelica glaucardquoAsian Journal of Chemistry vol23 no 5 pp 1947ndash1951 2011

[27] J Suresh N Mahesh J Ahuja and K Santilna ldquoReview onArtemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamprdquo Journal of BiologicallyActive Products from Nature vol 1 no 2 pp 97ndash104 2011

[28] M Shilpi M Ashish T Mayank S Ajay and S AlokldquoInvestigations on hypolipidemic activity of Asparagus filicinusBuch-Ham ex D Donrdquo International Journal of PharmaceuticalScience and Research vol 8 no 2 pp 813ndash818 2017

[29] MM Papiya S Das S Das andM K Das ldquoPhyto-pharmacol-ogy of Berberis aristata DC a reviewrdquo Journal of Drug DeliveryampTherapeutics vol 1 no 2 pp 46ndash50 2011

[30] A Shabbir M Shahzad Y Arfat et al ldquoBerberis lyciumroyle a review of its traditional uses phytochemistry andpharmacologyrdquoAfrican Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacologyvol 6 no 31 pp 2346ndash2353 2012

[31] R Chauhan K Ruby and J Dwivedi ldquoBergenia ciliata mineof medicinal properties a reviewrdquo International Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research vol 15 no 2 pp20ndash23 2012

[32] K M Ruby R Chauhan S Sharma and J Dwivedi ldquoPolyphar-macological activities of bergenia speciesrdquo International Journalof Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research vol 13 no 1pp 100ndash110 2012

[33] M H V Kumar and Y K Gupta ldquoEffect of different extracts ofCentella asiatica on cognition andmarkers of oxidative stress inratsrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 79 no 2 pp 253ndash2602002

[34] B M Hausen ldquoCentella asiatica (Indian pennywort) an effec-tive therapeutic but a weak sensitizerrdquo Contact Dermatitis vol29 no 4 pp 175ndash179 1993

[35] M N Somchit M R Sulaiman A Zuraini et al ldquoAntinocicep-tive and antiinflammatory effects of Centella asiaticardquo IndianJournal of Pharmacology vol 36 no 6 pp 377ndash380 2004

[36] M Shah and M Panchal ldquoEthnopharmacological propertiesof Cinnamomum tamala - A reviewrdquo International Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research vol 5 no 3 pp141ndash144 2010

[37] A-U Hassan M Ajaib M Anjum S Z Siddiqui and N ZMalik ldquoInvestigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activitiesof cirsium wallichii DCrdquo Biologia (Pakistan) vol 62 no 2 pp297ndash304 2016

[38] S Gopalakrishnan and T Kalaiarasi ldquoDetermination of bio-logically active constituents of the fruits of Cucumis sativuslinn Using gc-ms analysisrdquo International Journal of Biology andPharmaceutical Research vol 4 no 7 pp 523ndash527 2013

[39] C C Araujo and L L Leon Biological Activities of Curcumalonga L vol 96 Memoir Institute Oswaldo Cruz Rio de JaneiroBrazil 2001

[40] S Ghosh S P Vijay M Piyush D D Dilip and A C BaluldquoPhytochemistry and therapeutic potential of medicinal plantDioscorea bulbiferardquoMedicinal Chemistry vol 5 no 4 pp 160ndash172 2015

[41] S K Mandal R Boominathan B Parimaladevi S Dewanjeeand S C Mandal ldquoAnalgesic activity of methanol extract ofEupatorium adenophorum Spreng Leavesrdquo Indian Journal ofExperimental Biology (IJEB) vol 43 no 7 pp 662-663 2005

[42] A Kundu S Saha SWalia NA Shakil J Kumar andKAnna-purna ldquoCadinene sesquiterpenes from Eupatorium adenopho-rum and their antifungal activityrdquo Journal of EnvironmentalScience and Health Part B Pesticides Food Contaminants andAgricultural Wastes vol 48 no 6 pp 516ndash522 2013

[43] P M Njogu G N Thoithi J W Mwangi et al ldquoPhytochem-ical and Antimicrobial Investigation of Girardinia diversifolia(Link) Friis (Urticaceae)rdquo East and Central African Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences vol 14 pp 89ndash94 2011

[44] T Kaur G Singh and D K Kapoor ldquoA review on pharma-cognostic phytochemical and pharmacological data of variousspecies of Hippophae (Sea buckthorn)rdquo International Journal ofGreen Pharmacy vol 11 no 1 pp 62ndash75 2017

[45] K J Anderson S S Teuber A Gobeille P Cremin A LWaterhouseand FM Steinberg ldquoWalnut polyphenolics inhibitin vitro human plasma andLDLoxidationrdquo Journal ofNutritionvol 131 no 11 pp 2837ndash2842 2010

[46] M Carvalho P J Ferreira V S Mendes et al ldquoHuman cancercell anti proliferative and antioxidant activities of Juglans regiaLrdquo Food and Chemical Toxicology vol 48 no 1 pp 441ndash4472010

[47] I Oliveira A Sousa I C F R Ferreira A Bento L Estevinhoand J A Pereira ldquoTotal phenols antioxidant potential andantimicrobial activity of Walnut (Juglans regia L) green husksrdquoFood and Chemical Toxicology vol 46 no 7 pp 2326ndash23312008

[48] P Singh R Singh N Satib O P Satia and N Kumar ldquoAntiox-idant and antibacterial activity of jurinea dolomiaea boissextractsrdquo International Journal of Life Sciences and ScientificResearch vol 1 no 2 pp 74ndash78 2015

[49] H B Parmar S K Das and K J Gohil ldquoHepatoprotectiveactivity ofMacrotyloma uniflorum seed extract onparacetamoland d-galactosamine induced liver toxicity in albino ratsrdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacological Research vol 2 no 2pp 86ndash91 2012

[50] S Bhuvaneshwari D K Sushmitha and G V Shastri ldquoInflu-ence of hot extract of Dolichos biflorus (Horse gram) on bodyweight in overweight or obese human volunteersrdquo InternationalJournal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Archives vol 5 no 1pp 29ndash32 2014

[51] A Peshin and S K Singla ldquoAnticalcifying properties ofDolichos biflorus (Horse gram) seedsrdquo Indian Journal of Exper-imental Biology (IJEB) vol 32 no 12 pp 889ndash891 1995

[52] L H Gupta S L Badole S L Bodhankar and S G SabharwalldquoAntidiabetic potential of 120572-amylase inhibitor from the seedsof Macrotyloma uniflorum in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic micerdquo Pharmaceutical Biology vol 49 no 2pp 182ndash189 2011

[53] B Basak S G Majumdar U Bhattacharya S Laskar ABandopadhyay and S K Sen ldquoEffect of different fractions ofmethanolic extract of the seeds of Dolichos biflorus on somemicroorganismsrdquo Indian Journal of Experimental Biology vol32 no 12 pp 889ndash891 1994

[54] M Mahboubi and N Kazempour ldquoChemical compositionand antimicrobial activity of peppermint (Mentha piperita L)Essential oilrdquo Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technologyvol 36 no 1 pp 83ndash87 2014


[55] M J Martınez J Betancourt N Alonso-Gonzalez and AJauregui ldquoScreening of some Cuban medicinal plants forantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 52no 3 pp 171ndash174 1996

[56] G Amatya and V M Sthapit ldquoA note on Nardostachys jata-mansirdquo Journal of Herbs Spices amp Medicinal Plants vol 2 no2 pp 39ndash47 1994

[57] S Ali K A Ansari M A Jafry H Kabeer and G DiwakarldquoNardostachys jatamansi protects against liver damage inducedby thioacetamide in ratsrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 71no 3 pp 359ndash363 2000

[58] R Subashini S Yogeeta A Gnanapragasam and T DevakildquoProtective effect of Nardostachys jatamansi on oxidative injuryand cellular abnormalities during doxorubicin-induced cardiacdamage in ratsrdquo Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology vol 58no 2 pp 257ndash262 2006

[59] M S Rahman M M H Khan and M A H M Jamal ldquoAnti-bacterial evaluation and minimum inhibitory concentrationanalysis of Oxalis corniculata and Ocimum sanctum againstbacterial pathogensrdquo Biotechnology vol 9 no 4 pp 533ndash5362010

[60] S Rahman R Islam M Kamruzzaman A Khasrul and H MJ Abu ldquoOcimum sanctum L A review of photochemical andpharmacological profilerdquo American Journal of Drug Discoveryand Development pp 1ndash15 2011

[61] K J Achola JW Mwangi and RWMunenge ldquoPharmacolog-ical activity of oxalis corniculatardquo Pharmaceutical Biology vol33 no 3 pp 247ndash249 1995

[62] K R Kırtikara and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants TheIndian Press Allahaba India 1st edition 1988

[63] M P Raghavendra S Satish and A Raveesha ldquoPhytochemicalanalysis and antibacterial activity of Oxalis corniculata aknown medicinal plantrdquo Mycological Science vol 1 pp 72ndash782006

[64] Z K Shinwari A A Khan andTNakaikeMedicinal andOtherUseful Plants of District Swat Pakistan Al-Aziz Communica-tions Peshawar Pakistan 2003

[65] A Gupta A Khajuria J Singh et al ldquoImmunomodulatoryactivity of biopolymeric fraction RLJ-NE-205 from Picrorhizakurroardquo International Immunopharmacology vol 6 no 10 pp1543ndash1549 2006

[66] P C Verma V Basu V Gupta G Saxena and L U RahmanldquoPharmacology and chemistry of a potent hepatoprotectivecompound picroliv isolated from the roots and rhizomes ofpicrorhiza kurroa royle ex benth (Kutki)rdquo Current Pharmaceu-tical Biotechnology vol 10 no 4 pp 1ndash9 2009

[67] H Khan M Saeed A H Gilani et al ldquoBronchodilator activityof aerial parts of Polygonatum verticillatum augmented byanti-inflammatory activity attenuation of Ca2+ channels andlipoxygenaserdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 9 pp 1288ndash1292 2013

[68] H Khan M Saeed A-H Gilani et al ldquoAntispasmodic andantidiarrheal activities of rhizomes of Polygonatum verticil-latum maneuvered predominately through activation of K+channels components identification through TLCrdquo Toxicologyamp Industrial Health pp 1ndash9 2013

[69] H Khan M Saeed M A Khan et al ldquoAntimalarial andfree radical scavenging activities of rhizomes of Polygonatumverticillatum supported by isolated metabolitesrdquo MedicinalChemistry Research vol 21 no 7 pp 1278ndash1282 2012

[70] H KhanM Saeed NMuhammad and S Perviz ldquoPhytochem-ical analysis antibacterial and antifungal assessment of aerial

parts of Polygonatum verticillatumrdquo Toxicology amp IndustrialHealth vol 32 no 5 pp 841ndash847 2016

[71] B Roy A Swargiary D Syiem and V Tandon ldquoPotentillafulgens (Family Rosaceae) a medicinal plant of north-eastIndia A natural anthelminticrdquo Journal of Parasitic Diseases vol34 no 2 pp 83ndash88 2010

[72] K R Kritikar and B D Basu Indian Medicinal Plants BishenSingh Mahendra Pal Singh Dehradun India 1984

[73] A R M R Amin O Kucuk F R Khuri and D M ShinldquoPerspectives for cancer prevention with natural compoundsrdquoJournal of Clinical Oncology vol 27 no 16 pp 2712ndash2725 2009

[74] N Arun and D P Singh ldquoPunica granatum a review on phar-macological and therapeutic propertiesrdquo International Journalof Pharmaceutical Science and Research vol 3 no 5 pp 1240ndash1245 2012

[75] S PDDwivedi V B Pandey AH Shah andY B Rao ldquoChem-ical constituents of Rhamnus procumbens andpharmacologicalactions of emodinrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 2 no 1 pp 51ndash53 1988

[76] A Paudel S Panthee S Shakya S Amatya T Shrestha andM Amatya ldquoAnalgesic anti-inflammatory and other phar-macological activities of methanol extract of rhododendroncampanulatum from Nepalrdquo European Journal of MedicinalPlants vol 13 no 4 pp 1ndash7 2016

[77] A J Mungole and A Chaturvedi ldquoDetermination of antioxi-dant activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa L and Rumex nepalensissprengrdquo International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences vol2 no 1 pp 120ndash127 2011

[78] R Gautam K V Karkhile K K Bhutani and S M JachakldquoAnti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 COX-1 inhibi-tory and free radical scavenging effects of Rumex nepalensisrdquoPlanta Medica vol 76 no 14 pp 1564ndash1569 2010

[79] L Ghosh J R Gayen T Murugesan S Sinha M Pal and BP Saha ldquoEvaluation of purgative activity of roots of Rumexnepalensisrdquo Fitoterapia vol 74 no 4 pp 372ndash374 2003

[80] M-G Lee K-T Lee S-G Chi and J-H Park ldquoCostunolideinduces apoptosis by ROS-mediated mitochondrial permeabil-ity transition and cytochrome C releaserdquo Biological amp Pharma-ceutical Bulletin vol 24 no 3 pp 303ndash306 2001

[81] M M Pandey S Rastogi and A K S Rawat ldquoSaussureacostus botanical chemical and pharmacological review of anayurvedic medicinal plantrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol110 no 3 pp 379ndash390 2007

[82] P Semwal and S Painuli ldquoAntioxidant antimicrobial and GC-MS profiling of Saussurea obvallata (Brahma Kamal) fromUttarakhand Himalayardquo Clinical Phytoscience vol 5 no 12 pp1ndash11 2019

[83] D Joshi A B Melkani M Nailwal L Bisht and R PrasadldquoSelinum vaginatum c b clarke terpenoid composition andantibacterial activity of whole aerial parts and root essential oilrdquoJournal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants vol 21 no 5 pp 1176ndash1185 2018

[84] A Laxmi S Siddhartha and M Archana ldquoAntimicrobialscreening ofmethanol and aqueous extracts of Swertia ChiratardquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 3 no 4 pp 142ndash146 2011

[85] SMedda S Mukhopadhyay andMK Basu ldquoEvaluation of thein-vivo activity and toxicity of amarogentin an antileishmanialagent in both liposomal and niosomal formsrdquo Journal ofAntimicrobial Chemotherapy vol 44 no 6 pp 791ndash794 1999


[86] S Banerjee T K Sur S Mandal P C Das and S SikdarldquoAssessment of the anti-inflammatory effects of Swertia chiratain acute and chronic experimental models in male albino ratsrdquoIndian Journal of Pharmacology vol 32 no 1 pp 21ndash24 2000

[87] J K Grover S Yadav and V Vats ldquoMedicinal plants of Indiawith anti-diabetic potentialrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol81 no 1 pp 81ndash100 2002

[88] H Verma P Patil R Kolhapure and V Gopalkrishna ldquoAntivi-ral activity of the Indian medicinal plant extract Swertiachirata against herpes simplex viruses a study by in-vitro andmolecular approachrdquo Indian Journal of Medical Microbiologyvol 26 no 4 pp 322ndash326 2008

[89] D Chandra K Prasad G Kohli M K Devrani G Bishtand B Pandey ldquoAntifungal activity of Swertia ciliata (Family-Gentianaceae) Acorus calamus (Family-Araceae) and Violaserpens (Family-Violaceae) from Pithoragarh UttarakhandHimalayas Indiardquo Journal of Medicinal Plant Studies vol 5 no6 pp 06ndash10 2017

[90] J L Shetty M S Farouk K Al-Obaidy J P Mohammed and SHidayatullah ldquoA brief review on medicinal plant Tagetes erectaLinnrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol 5 no 3pp 091ndash095 2015

[91] M Khan S C Verma S K Srivastava et al ldquoEssential oilcomposition of Taxus wallichiana Zucc from the NorthernHimalayan region of Indiardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol21 no 5 pp 772ndash775 2006

[92] M Qayum M Nisar M R Shah et al ldquoAnalgesic and antiin-flammatory activities of taxoids from Taxus wallichiana ZuccrdquoPhytotherapy Research vol 26 no 4 pp 552ndash556 2012

[93] H Ali and S Dixit ldquoExtraction optimization of Tinosporacordifolia and assessment of the anticancer activity of its alkaloidpalmatinerdquo The Scientific World Journal vol 2013 Article ID376216 10 pages 2013

[94] N M Reddy and R N Reddy ldquoTinospora cordifolia chemicalconstituents and medicinal properties a reviewrdquo Scholars Aca-demic Journal of Pharmacy vol 4 no 8 pp 364ndash369 2015

[95] U Sharma M Bala N Kumar B Singh R K Munshi andS Bhalerao ldquoImmunomodulatory active compounds fromTinospora cordifoliardquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 141 no3 pp 918ndash926 2012

[96] M Bnouham F-Z Merhfour A Ziyyat H Mekhfi M Azizand A Legssyer ldquoAntihyperglycemic activity of the aqueousextract of Urtica dioicardquo Fitoterapia vol 74 no 7-8 pp 677ndash681 2003

[97] M S Kataki V Murugamani A Rajkumari P S Mehra DAwasthi and R S Yadav ldquoAntioxidant hepatoprotective andanthelmintic activities of methanol extract of Urtica dioica LLeavesrdquo Pharmaceutical Crops vol 3 p 3846 2012

[98] J Balzarini J Neyts D Schols et al ldquoThe mannosespecificplant lectins fromCymbidium hybrid and Epipactis helleborineand the (Nacetylglucosamine) nspecific plant lectin fromUrticadioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immun-odeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitrordquoAntiviral Research vol 18 no 2 pp 191ndash207 1992

[99] A Brantner and E Grein ldquoAntibacterial activity of plantextracts used externally in traditional medicinerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 44 no 1 pp 35ndash40 1994

[100] E R Guler ldquoInvestigation of chemopreventproperties of Urticadioica L in MCF7 and MDA 231 breast cancer cell linesrdquo NewJournal of Medicine vol 30 p 503 2013

[101] U S Harput I Saracoglu and Y Ogihara ldquoStimulation of lym-phocyte proliferation and inhibition of nitric oxide production

by aqueousUrtica dioica extractrdquoPhytotherapy Research vol 19no 4 pp 346ndash348 2005

[102] T P Singh andOM Singh ldquoPhytochemical and pharmacologi-cal profile of Zanthoxylum armatumDCmdashan overviewrdquo IndianJournal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR) vol 2 no 3pp 275ndash285 2011

[103] A T Peana P S DrsquoAquila F Panin G Serra P Pippia and MD L Moretti ldquoAnti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalylacetate constituents of essential oilsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 9 no8 pp 721ndash726 2002

[104] A KhanM Rahman andM S Islam ldquoAntibacterial antifungaland cytotoxic activities of 3 5-diacetyltambulin isolated fromAmorphophallus campanulatus Blume ex Decnerdquo DARU Jour-nal of Pharmaceutical Sciences vol 16 no 4 pp 239ndash244 2008

[105] B Uniyal and V Shiva ldquoTraditional knowledge among medic-inal plants among rural women of the Garhwal HimalayaUttrakhandrdquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 4 no3 pp 259ndash266 2005

[106] H Sher R W Bussmann R Hart and H J De Boer ldquoTra-ditional use of medicinal plants among Kalasha Ismaeliand Sunni groups in Chitral District Khyber Pakhtunkhwaprovince Pakistanrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 188 pp57ndash69 2016

[107] J A BhatM Kumar A K Negi andN P Todaria ldquoInformantsconsensus on ethnomedicinal plants in Kedarnath WildlifeSanctuary of Indian Himalayasrdquo Journal of Medicinal PlantsResearch vol 7 no 4 pp 148ndash154 2013

[108] P C Phondani R K Maikhuri L S Rawat et al ldquoEthnobotan-ical uses of plants among the Bhotiya tribal communities of nitivalley in central Himalaya Indiardquo Ethnobotany Research andApplications vol 8 pp 233ndash244 2010

[109] A M Abbasi M A Khan M Ahmed and M Zafar ldquoHerbalmedicines used to cure various ailments by the inhabitants ofAbbottabad district North West Frontier Province PakistanrdquoIndian Journal of Traditional Knowledge vol 9 no 1 pp 175ndash183 2010

[110] H Sher A Aldosari A Ali and H J De Boer ldquoIndigenousknowledge of folk medicines among tribal minorities in KhyberPakhtunkhwa northwestern Pakistanrdquo Journal of Ethnophar-macology vol 166 pp 157ndash167 2015

[111] S C Rana K J Tiwari R L Dangwal and S Gairola ldquoFaithherbal healer knowledge documents of Nanda Devi BiosphereReserveUttrakhand Indiardquo Indian Journal of Traditional Knowl-edge vol 2 pp 308ndash314 2013

Stem Cells International

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018


MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

EndocrinologyInternational Journal of



Disease Markers


BioMed Research International

OncologyJournal of



Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity


PPAR Research

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Immunology ResearchHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

ObesityJournal of



Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine


Behavioural Neurology

OphthalmologyJournal of


Diabetes ResearchJournal of



Research and TreatmentAIDS


Gastroenterology Research and Practice


Parkinsonrsquos Disease

Evidence-Based Complementary andAlternative Medicine

Volume 2018Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom


31∘

30∘

29∘

31∘

30∘

29∘

78∘00 78

∘0079

∘00 80

∘00

79∘25

30

79

∘28

30

79

∘27

0 79

∘28

0

79∘25

30

79

∘28

30

79

∘27

0 79

∘28

0

30∘3430

N30∘3130

N30∘330

N30∘300

N

30∘3430

N30∘3130

N30∘330

N30∘300

N

78∘00 78

∘0079

∘00 80

∘00

NN

0 25 50 100Km

0

0 05

175 350 750 1052 1400

Kilometers

1cm=252 km

1 cm=1 km

W E

S

1 2 3 4

High 3307

Low 1240

Study Sites

URGAM VALLEY

Figure 1 Urgam Valley in Chamoli District of Uttarakhand India

(Figure 1) The valley joins the Kalp Ganga Valley at 1300m amsl to the surrounding mountain tops above 3000 mamsl Crops consist mainly of three types namely RabiKharif and Zaid The main Rabi crops of the region areWheat and Mustard and Kharif crop are Rice MaizeFinger millet Barnyard grasses and Amaranthus Zaidcrops include Beans Cucumber and pumpkin Amongthe fruits are Apple Peach Cherry and Walnut Annualrainfall ranges from 2000 to 2500 mm while temperatureranges from 15 to 35∘C during summer and -2 to 15∘Cin winter Urgam Valley spans over a wide spread oftopographic and climatic conditions namely alpinesubalpine and temperate zones provide a range of plant habi-tats

22 Field Survey and Data Collection Local surveys includ-ing uses of medicinal plants of Urgam Valley were donebetween August 2015 and July 2016 Ninety-six informantswere randomly selected in 11 villages After giving priorinformed consent informants answered questionnaires (seethe Appendix) in the local language (Garhwali) with photos

of 110 medicinal plants as references Answers were elicitedbased on plant species (ldquowhat do you know about [plantsname]rdquo and based on disease condition (ldquowhich plants youuse when suffering from [disease name]rdquo)

The questionnaires were then compiled detailed infor-mation for each plant on local name life form local usesmethod of use or drug preparation and amount of use (dose)Apart from the general population survey of villagers andshepherds local male (Vaidyas) and female specialists (Daai)were also sought to compare their knowledge to that of thegeneral population

23 Plant Collection and Identification Voucher specimenswere prepared for the traditionally used plants documentedin this study Specimenswere identified using Flora ofDistrictGarhwal [8] and Flora of Chamoli [9] and in comparisonwith the specimens of Garhwal University Herbarium Sri-nagar Garhwal (GUH) Plant specimens were mounted onherbarium sheets and preserved in HAPPRC HerbariumPlant names reported here were matched usingThe Plant List[10]


24 Data Analysis


ICF = (119873119906119903 minus 119873119905119886119909119886)(119873119906119903 minus 1)

(1)




3 Results





31-40 1741-50 2251-60 2661-70 1971-80 3












Table2Herbalm

edicinea

ndmod

eofadm

inistratio

nby

inhabitantso

fUrgam

ValleyinCh

amoliG

arhw

alU

ttarakh

andIndia

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

1

Aconitu

mbalfouriiStapf

Syn

Aconitu

mlethale

Griff

Ranu

nculaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4103

Figu

re5(a)

MeethaBh

ngwa

Herb

Root

Decoctio

n(in

cowurine)

Paste

12drop

once

aday

Snakeb

ite11

Diaph

oreticdiuretic

analgesic

febrifu

geanti-infl

ammatory


yretic

verm

ifugepow

erfulsedative

narcoticandpo

ison[14

15]

2

Aconitu

mheterophyllum

WallexRo

yle

Ranu

nculaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4104

Figu

re5(b)

Atees

Herb

Root

JuicePo

wder

12teaspo

onwith

lukewarm

water

Stom

achache

fever

69

Anti-infl

ammatory

antip

yreticA

ntibacteria

lIm

mun

omod

ulatory

Anthelm

inthic

Antihyperlip

idem

icanalgesic

[1416ndash

19]

3AjugaparvifloraBe

nth

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4168

Neelkanthi

Herb

Who

leplant

Powd

eror

decoction

12-1teaspo

on3

times

aday

with

water

Stom

achache

fever

29

Hypertensionmalaria

pneumon

iaedemaas

anthelmintic

antifu

ngal

hypo

glycem

ic


eexpectorantantitum

orand

antim


4Alliu

mcepa

LAmaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4120

Pyaj

Herb

Bulb

Juice

1-3drop

sEa

rache

48

Antitu

morantidiabetic

antio

xidantantibacteria


activ

ity[2223]

5Alliu

msativ

umL

Amaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4121

Lehsun

Herb

Who

leplants

Paste

12teaspo

onBu

rntCu

t23

Antibacteria

lantivira

lantifun

galanti-parasitic

cardiovascular

[24]

6Alliu

mwa

llichiiKu

nth

Amaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4125

Lainka

Herb

Leaves

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Gastric

12Anti-m

icrobialanti-o

xidant

andanti-cancer

[25]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

7An

gelicagla

ucaEd

gew

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4146

Choru

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Gastric

9Antioxidantantim

icrobial

andph

ytotoxic[26]

8

Artemisianilagir

ica(C

BClarke)P

amp

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4136

Kunja

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nCu

tand

woun

ds24

Antim

icrobialantifu

ngal

antib

acteria

lantifi

laria


antic

ancerantio

xidant

and

anti-asthmatic[27]

9

Asparagusfi

licinus

Buch-H

amexDDon

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4126

Jhirn

aHerb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

cowmilk

Remove

weakness

13Hypolipidem

ic[28]


Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4163

Kingod

Shrub

Root

Decoctio

n1-2

drop

Eyea

ilments

87

Antim


diabetes

mellitus

hepatoprotectiv

eim

mun

omod

ulatory[

29]

11Berberislyciu

mRo

yle

Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4164

Chotru

Herb

Bark

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

nthric

eaday

Diabeteseye

ailm

ents

92

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantih

yperlip

idem

ic

Antim

icrobialantim

utagenic

pesticidalwo

undhealing[30]

12

Bergenia

ciliata

(Haw

)Sternb

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4112

Syalph

adi

Herb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e45

Anti-tussiv

eantiu

lcer

anti-neop

lasticantio

xidant

antib

acteria

lhypo

glycaemic

[3132]

13

Bergenia

stracheyi

(Hoo

kfamp

Thom

son)

Engl

Figu

re5(c)

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4113

Pashanbh

edHerb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e61

Anti-a

rthriticantim

icrobial

[32]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

14

Centellaasiatica(L)

Urb

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4174

Brahmi

Herb

Leaves

JuicePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

26

Stim

ulatory-nervineton

ic

rejuvenantsedative

tranqu

ilizera

ndintelligence

prom

otingprop

erty

antie

pilepticleprosy

antin

ociceptiv

eand

anti-inflammatory[

33ndash35]

15

Cinn

amom

umtamala

(Buch-H

am)TNeesamp

Eberm

Lauraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4169

Tejpat

Tree

Leaves

bark

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Con

trolblood

pressure

49Antidiabetic

antibacteria

lanti-ulcerantim

icrobial[36]

16Cirsium

wallichiiDC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4138

Kanjelu

Herb

Root

Powd

erJuice

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

2Antim

icrobialand

Antioxidant

[37]

17Cu

cumissativ

usL

Cucurbita

ceae

HAPP

RCASR

4153

Kakd

iClim

ber

Seeds

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Diuretic

40Antim

icrobialA

ntioxidant


18Cu

rcum

alongaL

Zing

iberaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4165

Haldu

Herb

Rhizom

ePaste

12teaspo

ontwicea

day

Cutand

woun

ds86

Anti-H

IVantioxidant


[39]

19

Dactylorhizahatagir

ea(D

Don

)Soo

Orchidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4162

Figu

re5(d)

Hathajadi

Herb

Root

Paste

Pow

der

12teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

dsfever

stomachache

39Antibacteria

laphrod

isiac

antip

yretic[14

]

20Dioscorea

bulbifera

LDioscoreaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4139

Tairu

Clim

ber

Tuber

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

3

Antihyperlip

idem

ic

antitum

orantioxidant

anorexiantanalgesic


curin

ganti-diabeticand

antih

yperglycem

ic[40]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

21

Eupatoriu

madenophorum

Sprengel

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4157

Basya

Herb

Leaves

Juice

12-1

teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

d29

Analgesicantifu

ngal[4142]

22


(Link)

Friis

Urticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4118

Kand

ali

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

water

Fever

1Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal[43]

23

Hippophae

salicifolia

DDon

Elaeagnaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4140

Figu

re5(e)

Amesh

Tree

Fruits

Juice

5-10

teaspo

onin

1glasswater

Coo

lant

6

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antic


immun

omod

ulatory

radio-protectiv

eadaptogenic


anti-ste

rility

[44]

24Jugla

nsregiaL

Juglandaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4150

Akh

rot

Tree

Fruitp

eel

Paste

12teaspo

onSkin

diseases

56

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

anti-atherogenic

anti-inflammatorya

ndantim

utagenicprop

ertie

s[45ndash47]

25

Jurin

eamacrocephala

DC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4116

Bishkand

ara

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eaday

water

Fever

2Antioxidant

andAntibacteria

l[48]

26

Macrotylomaun

iflorum

(Lam

)Ve

rdc

Fabaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4114

Gahat

Herb

Seeds

Boiledsoup

1bow

lthricea

day

Ston

e96

Hepatop

rotectiveanti-ob

esity

antic

alcifyingantid

iabetic

antim

icrobial[49ndash

53]

27

Megacarpaea

polyan

dra

Benthex

Madden

Brassic

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4111

Figu

re5(f)

Barm

olu

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

lukewarm

water

Gastric

4Not

repo

rted


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

28MenthapiperitaL

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4148

Pudina

Herb

Leaves

Paste

12-1teaspo

onwater

Coo

lant

9Antim

icrobial[54]

29Mira

bilis

jalapa

LNyctaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4117

Herb

Leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds12

Antim

icrobial[55]

30

Nardosta

chysjataman

si(D

Don

)DC

Caprifoliaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4156

Maasi

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Jaun

dice

1

Toniclaxativ

ediuretic

spasmod

ichepatoprotectiv

ecardio

protectiv

e[56ndash58]

31Ocim

umtenu

iflorum

LLamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4115

Tulsi

Herb

Leaves

Powd

eror

raw

3-5leaves

with

water

Fevercoug

handcold

75Antim

icrobial

radio-protectiv

eantd

iabetic


32Oxalis

cornicu

lataL

Oxalid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4133

Alm

odu

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Paste

12teaspo

onBo

ils26

Anti-infl

ammatory

refrigerantand

antiscorbutic

hypo

glycem

ic

antih

ypertensive

antip

sychoticstim

ulant

chrono

tropicamp

inotropic

effect[61ndash6

3]

33

Paeoniaem

odiR

oyle

Paeoniaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4172

Figu

re5(g)

Chandra

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

87

Backachedropsy

epilepsyton

icemetic

cathartic

blood

purifi

erand

colicpurgativ

e[64

]

34

Picrorhiza

kurrooaRo

yle

exBe

nth

Plantaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4105

Figu

re5(h)

Kadw

iHerb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

96

Immun

omod

ulatory

cardiotonicantip

yretic

anthelmintic

laxativea

ndanti-asthmatic

hepatoprotectiv

eantic

holesta

tic

anti-ulcerogenic

anti-asthmaticand

immun

e-regu

latory

functio

ns[6566]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

35

Polygonatum

verticillatum

(L)All

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4127

Figu

re5(i)

Maham

aidaSalam

panja

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

3

Anti-infl

ammatory

antim

alarialantip

yretic


lantifun

galantid

iarrheal

[67ndash70]

36

Potentillalin

eata

Trevir

Syn

Potentillafulgens

LRo

saceae

HAPP

RCASR

4173

Bajrd

anti

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

26Anthelm

intic

[71]

37

Prun

uspersica

(L)

Batsch

Rosaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4177

Aaru

Tree

Seeds

peric

arp

Paste

12teaspo

onInfectionaft

erbreakage

ofhair

(Baalto

d)2

Anthelm

intic

insectic

idal

sedativ

ediureticdem

ulcent

expectorantverm

icidaland

areu

sedin

leucod

ermaa

ndin

piles[72]

38Pu

nica

gran

atum

LLythraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4142

Anar

Tree

Fruits

Raw

1fruit

Anemia

8

Antim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory


[7374]

39

Rheum

moorcroftian

umRo

yle

Polygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4160

Figu

re5(j)

Dolu

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12teaspo

onInternalinjury

cutand

woun

ds24

Purgativea

ntim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory[

1475]

40

Rhododendron

campanu

latumDD

onEricaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4178

Syam

ruTree

Leaves

Paste

with

oil

12-1teaspo

onSkin

disease

6Analgesicanti-infl

ammatory

[76]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic


eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















24 Data Analysis


ICF = (119873119906119903 minus 119873119905119886119909119886)(119873119906119903 minus 1)

(1)




3 Results





31-40 1741-50 2251-60 2661-70 1971-80 3












Table2Herbalm

edicinea

ndmod

eofadm

inistratio

nby

inhabitantso

fUrgam

ValleyinCh

amoliG

arhw

alU

ttarakh

andIndia

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

1

Aconitu

mbalfouriiStapf

Syn

Aconitu

mlethale

Griff

Ranu

nculaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4103

Figu

re5(a)

MeethaBh

ngwa

Herb

Root

Decoctio

n(in

cowurine)

Paste

12drop

once

aday

Snakeb

ite11

Diaph

oreticdiuretic

analgesic

febrifu

geanti-infl

ammatory


yretic

verm

ifugepow

erfulsedative

narcoticandpo

ison[14

15]

2

Aconitu

mheterophyllum

WallexRo

yle

Ranu

nculaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4104

Figu

re5(b)

Atees

Herb

Root

JuicePo

wder

12teaspo

onwith

lukewarm

water

Stom

achache

fever

69

Anti-infl

ammatory

antip

yreticA

ntibacteria

lIm

mun

omod

ulatory

Anthelm

inthic

Antihyperlip

idem

icanalgesic

[1416ndash

19]

3AjugaparvifloraBe

nth

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4168

Neelkanthi

Herb

Who

leplant

Powd

eror

decoction

12-1teaspo

on3

times

aday

with

water

Stom

achache

fever

29

Hypertensionmalaria

pneumon

iaedemaas

anthelmintic

antifu

ngal

hypo

glycem

ic


eexpectorantantitum

orand

antim


4Alliu

mcepa

LAmaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4120

Pyaj

Herb

Bulb

Juice

1-3drop

sEa

rache

48

Antitu

morantidiabetic

antio

xidantantibacteria


activ

ity[2223]

5Alliu

msativ

umL

Amaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4121

Lehsun

Herb

Who

leplants

Paste

12teaspo

onBu

rntCu

t23

Antibacteria

lantivira

lantifun

galanti-parasitic

cardiovascular

[24]

6Alliu

mwa

llichiiKu

nth

Amaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4125

Lainka

Herb

Leaves

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Gastric

12Anti-m

icrobialanti-o

xidant

andanti-cancer

[25]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

7An

gelicagla

ucaEd

gew

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4146

Choru

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Gastric

9Antioxidantantim

icrobial

andph

ytotoxic[26]

8

Artemisianilagir

ica(C

BClarke)P

amp

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4136

Kunja

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nCu

tand

woun

ds24

Antim

icrobialantifu

ngal

antib

acteria

lantifi

laria


antic

ancerantio

xidant

and

anti-asthmatic[27]

9

Asparagusfi

licinus

Buch-H

amexDDon

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4126

Jhirn

aHerb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

cowmilk

Remove

weakness

13Hypolipidem

ic[28]


Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4163

Kingod

Shrub

Root

Decoctio

n1-2

drop

Eyea

ilments

87

Antim


diabetes

mellitus

hepatoprotectiv

eim

mun

omod

ulatory[

29]

11Berberislyciu

mRo

yle

Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4164

Chotru

Herb

Bark

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

nthric

eaday

Diabeteseye

ailm

ents

92

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantih

yperlip

idem

ic

Antim

icrobialantim

utagenic

pesticidalwo

undhealing[30]

12

Bergenia

ciliata

(Haw

)Sternb

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4112

Syalph

adi

Herb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e45

Anti-tussiv

eantiu

lcer

anti-neop

lasticantio

xidant

antib

acteria

lhypo

glycaemic

[3132]

13

Bergenia

stracheyi

(Hoo

kfamp

Thom

son)

Engl

Figu

re5(c)

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4113

Pashanbh

edHerb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e61

Anti-a

rthriticantim

icrobial

[32]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

14

Centellaasiatica(L)

Urb

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4174

Brahmi

Herb

Leaves

JuicePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

26

Stim

ulatory-nervineton

ic

rejuvenantsedative

tranqu

ilizera

ndintelligence

prom

otingprop

erty

antie

pilepticleprosy

antin

ociceptiv

eand

anti-inflammatory[

33ndash35]

15

Cinn

amom

umtamala

(Buch-H

am)TNeesamp

Eberm

Lauraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4169

Tejpat

Tree

Leaves

bark

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Con

trolblood

pressure

49Antidiabetic

antibacteria

lanti-ulcerantim

icrobial[36]

16Cirsium

wallichiiDC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4138

Kanjelu

Herb

Root

Powd

erJuice

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

2Antim

icrobialand

Antioxidant

[37]

17Cu

cumissativ

usL

Cucurbita

ceae

HAPP

RCASR

4153

Kakd

iClim

ber

Seeds

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Diuretic

40Antim

icrobialA

ntioxidant


18Cu

rcum

alongaL

Zing

iberaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4165

Haldu

Herb

Rhizom

ePaste

12teaspo

ontwicea

day

Cutand

woun

ds86

Anti-H

IVantioxidant


[39]

19

Dactylorhizahatagir

ea(D

Don

)Soo

Orchidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4162

Figu

re5(d)

Hathajadi

Herb

Root

Paste

Pow

der

12teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

dsfever

stomachache

39Antibacteria

laphrod

isiac

antip

yretic[14

]

20Dioscorea

bulbifera

LDioscoreaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4139

Tairu

Clim

ber

Tuber

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

3

Antihyperlip

idem

ic

antitum

orantioxidant

anorexiantanalgesic


curin

ganti-diabeticand

antih

yperglycem

ic[40]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

21

Eupatoriu

madenophorum

Sprengel

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4157

Basya

Herb

Leaves

Juice

12-1

teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

d29

Analgesicantifu

ngal[4142]

22


(Link)

Friis

Urticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4118

Kand

ali

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

water

Fever

1Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal[43]

23

Hippophae

salicifolia

DDon

Elaeagnaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4140

Figu

re5(e)

Amesh

Tree

Fruits

Juice

5-10

teaspo

onin

1glasswater

Coo

lant

6

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antic


immun

omod

ulatory

radio-protectiv

eadaptogenic


anti-ste

rility

[44]

24Jugla

nsregiaL

Juglandaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4150

Akh

rot

Tree

Fruitp

eel

Paste

12teaspo

onSkin

diseases

56

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

anti-atherogenic

anti-inflammatorya

ndantim

utagenicprop

ertie

s[45ndash47]

25

Jurin

eamacrocephala

DC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4116

Bishkand

ara

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eaday

water

Fever

2Antioxidant

andAntibacteria

l[48]

26

Macrotylomaun

iflorum

(Lam

)Ve

rdc

Fabaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4114

Gahat

Herb

Seeds

Boiledsoup

1bow

lthricea

day

Ston

e96

Hepatop

rotectiveanti-ob

esity

antic

alcifyingantid

iabetic

antim

icrobial[49ndash

53]

27

Megacarpaea

polyan

dra

Benthex

Madden

Brassic

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4111

Figu

re5(f)

Barm

olu

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

lukewarm

water

Gastric

4Not

repo

rted


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

28MenthapiperitaL

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4148

Pudina

Herb

Leaves

Paste

12-1teaspo

onwater

Coo

lant

9Antim

icrobial[54]

29Mira

bilis

jalapa

LNyctaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4117

Herb

Leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds12

Antim

icrobial[55]

30

Nardosta

chysjataman

si(D

Don

)DC

Caprifoliaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4156

Maasi

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Jaun

dice

1

Toniclaxativ

ediuretic

spasmod

ichepatoprotectiv

ecardio

protectiv

e[56ndash58]

31Ocim

umtenu

iflorum

LLamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4115

Tulsi

Herb

Leaves

Powd

eror

raw

3-5leaves

with

water

Fevercoug

handcold

75Antim

icrobial

radio-protectiv

eantd

iabetic


32Oxalis

cornicu

lataL

Oxalid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4133

Alm

odu

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Paste

12teaspo

onBo

ils26

Anti-infl

ammatory

refrigerantand

antiscorbutic

hypo

glycem

ic

antih

ypertensive

antip

sychoticstim

ulant

chrono

tropicamp

inotropic

effect[61ndash6

3]

33

Paeoniaem

odiR

oyle

Paeoniaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4172

Figu

re5(g)

Chandra

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

87

Backachedropsy

epilepsyton

icemetic

cathartic

blood

purifi

erand

colicpurgativ

e[64

]

34

Picrorhiza

kurrooaRo

yle

exBe

nth

Plantaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4105

Figu

re5(h)

Kadw

iHerb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

96

Immun

omod

ulatory

cardiotonicantip

yretic

anthelmintic

laxativea

ndanti-asthmatic

hepatoprotectiv

eantic

holesta

tic

anti-ulcerogenic

anti-asthmaticand

immun

e-regu

latory

functio

ns[6566]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

35

Polygonatum

verticillatum

(L)All

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4127

Figu

re5(i)

Maham

aidaSalam

panja

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

3

Anti-infl

ammatory

antim

alarialantip

yretic


lantifun

galantid

iarrheal

[67ndash70]

36

Potentillalin

eata

Trevir

Syn

Potentillafulgens

LRo

saceae

HAPP

RCASR

4173

Bajrd

anti

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

26Anthelm

intic

[71]

37

Prun

uspersica

(L)

Batsch

Rosaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4177

Aaru

Tree

Seeds

peric

arp

Paste

12teaspo

onInfectionaft

erbreakage

ofhair

(Baalto

d)2

Anthelm

intic

insectic

idal

sedativ

ediureticdem

ulcent

expectorantverm

icidaland

areu

sedin

leucod

ermaa

ndin

piles[72]

38Pu

nica

gran

atum

LLythraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4142

Anar

Tree

Fruits

Raw

1fruit

Anemia

8

Antim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory


[7374]

39

Rheum

moorcroftian

umRo

yle

Polygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4160

Figu

re5(j)

Dolu

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12teaspo

onInternalinjury

cutand

woun

ds24

Purgativea

ntim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory[

1475]

40

Rhododendron

campanu

latumDD

onEricaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4178

Syam

ruTree

Leaves

Paste

with

oil

12-1teaspo

onSkin

disease

6Analgesicanti-infl

ammatory

[76]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic


eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table2Herbalm

edicinea

ndmod

eofadm

inistratio

nby

inhabitantso

fUrgam

ValleyinCh

amoliG

arhw

alU

ttarakh

andIndia

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

1

Aconitu

mbalfouriiStapf

Syn

Aconitu

mlethale

Griff

Ranu

nculaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4103

Figu

re5(a)

MeethaBh

ngwa

Herb

Root

Decoctio

n(in

cowurine)

Paste

12drop

once

aday

Snakeb

ite11

Diaph

oreticdiuretic

analgesic

febrifu

geanti-infl

ammatory


yretic

verm

ifugepow

erfulsedative

narcoticandpo

ison[14

15]

2

Aconitu

mheterophyllum

WallexRo

yle

Ranu

nculaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4104

Figu

re5(b)

Atees

Herb

Root

JuicePo

wder

12teaspo

onwith

lukewarm

water

Stom

achache

fever

69

Anti-infl

ammatory

antip

yreticA

ntibacteria

lIm

mun

omod

ulatory

Anthelm

inthic

Antihyperlip

idem

icanalgesic

[1416ndash

19]

3AjugaparvifloraBe

nth

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4168

Neelkanthi

Herb

Who

leplant

Powd

eror

decoction

12-1teaspo

on3

times

aday

with

water

Stom

achache

fever

29

Hypertensionmalaria

pneumon

iaedemaas

anthelmintic

antifu

ngal

hypo

glycem

ic


eexpectorantantitum

orand

antim


4Alliu

mcepa

LAmaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4120

Pyaj

Herb

Bulb

Juice

1-3drop

sEa

rache

48

Antitu

morantidiabetic

antio

xidantantibacteria


activ

ity[2223]

5Alliu

msativ

umL

Amaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4121

Lehsun

Herb

Who

leplants

Paste

12teaspo

onBu

rntCu

t23

Antibacteria

lantivira

lantifun

galanti-parasitic

cardiovascular

[24]

6Alliu

mwa

llichiiKu

nth

Amaryllid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4125

Lainka

Herb

Leaves

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Gastric

12Anti-m

icrobialanti-o

xidant

andanti-cancer

[25]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

7An

gelicagla

ucaEd

gew

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4146

Choru

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Gastric

9Antioxidantantim

icrobial

andph

ytotoxic[26]

8

Artemisianilagir

ica(C

BClarke)P

amp

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4136

Kunja

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nCu

tand

woun

ds24

Antim

icrobialantifu

ngal

antib

acteria

lantifi

laria


antic

ancerantio

xidant

and

anti-asthmatic[27]

9

Asparagusfi

licinus

Buch-H

amexDDon

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4126

Jhirn

aHerb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

cowmilk

Remove

weakness

13Hypolipidem

ic[28]


Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4163

Kingod

Shrub

Root

Decoctio

n1-2

drop

Eyea

ilments

87

Antim


diabetes

mellitus

hepatoprotectiv

eim

mun

omod

ulatory[

29]

11Berberislyciu

mRo

yle

Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4164

Chotru

Herb

Bark

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

nthric

eaday

Diabeteseye

ailm

ents

92

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantih

yperlip

idem

ic

Antim

icrobialantim

utagenic

pesticidalwo

undhealing[30]

12

Bergenia

ciliata

(Haw

)Sternb

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4112

Syalph

adi

Herb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e45

Anti-tussiv

eantiu

lcer

anti-neop

lasticantio

xidant

antib

acteria

lhypo

glycaemic

[3132]

13

Bergenia

stracheyi

(Hoo

kfamp

Thom

son)

Engl

Figu

re5(c)

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4113

Pashanbh

edHerb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e61

Anti-a

rthriticantim

icrobial

[32]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

14

Centellaasiatica(L)

Urb

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4174

Brahmi

Herb

Leaves

JuicePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

26

Stim

ulatory-nervineton

ic

rejuvenantsedative

tranqu

ilizera

ndintelligence

prom

otingprop

erty

antie

pilepticleprosy

antin

ociceptiv

eand

anti-inflammatory[

33ndash35]

15

Cinn

amom

umtamala

(Buch-H

am)TNeesamp

Eberm

Lauraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4169

Tejpat

Tree

Leaves

bark

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Con

trolblood

pressure

49Antidiabetic

antibacteria

lanti-ulcerantim

icrobial[36]

16Cirsium

wallichiiDC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4138

Kanjelu

Herb

Root

Powd

erJuice

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

2Antim

icrobialand

Antioxidant

[37]

17Cu

cumissativ

usL

Cucurbita

ceae

HAPP

RCASR

4153

Kakd

iClim

ber

Seeds

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Diuretic

40Antim

icrobialA

ntioxidant


18Cu

rcum

alongaL

Zing

iberaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4165

Haldu

Herb

Rhizom

ePaste

12teaspo

ontwicea

day

Cutand

woun

ds86

Anti-H

IVantioxidant


[39]

19

Dactylorhizahatagir

ea(D

Don

)Soo

Orchidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4162

Figu

re5(d)

Hathajadi

Herb

Root

Paste

Pow

der

12teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

dsfever

stomachache

39Antibacteria

laphrod

isiac

antip

yretic[14

]

20Dioscorea

bulbifera

LDioscoreaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4139

Tairu

Clim

ber

Tuber

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

3

Antihyperlip

idem

ic

antitum

orantioxidant

anorexiantanalgesic


curin

ganti-diabeticand

antih

yperglycem

ic[40]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

21

Eupatoriu

madenophorum

Sprengel

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4157

Basya

Herb

Leaves

Juice

12-1

teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

d29

Analgesicantifu

ngal[4142]

22


(Link)

Friis

Urticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4118

Kand

ali

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

water

Fever

1Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal[43]

23

Hippophae

salicifolia

DDon

Elaeagnaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4140

Figu

re5(e)

Amesh

Tree

Fruits

Juice

5-10

teaspo

onin

1glasswater

Coo

lant

6

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antic


immun

omod

ulatory

radio-protectiv

eadaptogenic


anti-ste

rility

[44]

24Jugla

nsregiaL

Juglandaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4150

Akh

rot

Tree

Fruitp

eel

Paste

12teaspo

onSkin

diseases

56

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

anti-atherogenic

anti-inflammatorya

ndantim

utagenicprop

ertie

s[45ndash47]

25

Jurin

eamacrocephala

DC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4116

Bishkand

ara

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eaday

water

Fever

2Antioxidant

andAntibacteria

l[48]

26

Macrotylomaun

iflorum

(Lam

)Ve

rdc

Fabaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4114

Gahat

Herb

Seeds

Boiledsoup

1bow

lthricea

day

Ston

e96

Hepatop

rotectiveanti-ob

esity

antic

alcifyingantid

iabetic

antim

icrobial[49ndash

53]

27

Megacarpaea

polyan

dra

Benthex

Madden

Brassic

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4111

Figu

re5(f)

Barm

olu

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

lukewarm

water

Gastric

4Not

repo

rted


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

28MenthapiperitaL

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4148

Pudina

Herb

Leaves

Paste

12-1teaspo

onwater

Coo

lant

9Antim

icrobial[54]

29Mira

bilis

jalapa

LNyctaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4117

Herb

Leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds12

Antim

icrobial[55]

30

Nardosta

chysjataman

si(D

Don

)DC

Caprifoliaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4156

Maasi

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Jaun

dice

1

Toniclaxativ

ediuretic

spasmod

ichepatoprotectiv

ecardio

protectiv

e[56ndash58]

31Ocim

umtenu

iflorum

LLamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4115

Tulsi

Herb

Leaves

Powd

eror

raw

3-5leaves

with

water

Fevercoug

handcold

75Antim

icrobial

radio-protectiv

eantd

iabetic


32Oxalis

cornicu

lataL

Oxalid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4133

Alm

odu

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Paste

12teaspo

onBo

ils26

Anti-infl

ammatory

refrigerantand

antiscorbutic

hypo

glycem

ic

antih

ypertensive

antip

sychoticstim

ulant

chrono

tropicamp

inotropic

effect[61ndash6

3]

33

Paeoniaem

odiR

oyle

Paeoniaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4172

Figu

re5(g)

Chandra

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

87

Backachedropsy

epilepsyton

icemetic

cathartic

blood

purifi

erand

colicpurgativ

e[64

]

34

Picrorhiza

kurrooaRo

yle

exBe

nth

Plantaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4105

Figu

re5(h)

Kadw

iHerb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

96

Immun

omod

ulatory

cardiotonicantip

yretic

anthelmintic

laxativea

ndanti-asthmatic

hepatoprotectiv

eantic

holesta

tic

anti-ulcerogenic

anti-asthmaticand

immun

e-regu

latory

functio

ns[6566]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

35

Polygonatum

verticillatum

(L)All

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4127

Figu

re5(i)

Maham

aidaSalam

panja

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

3

Anti-infl

ammatory

antim

alarialantip

yretic


lantifun

galantid

iarrheal

[67ndash70]

36

Potentillalin

eata

Trevir

Syn

Potentillafulgens

LRo

saceae

HAPP

RCASR

4173

Bajrd

anti

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

26Anthelm

intic

[71]

37

Prun

uspersica

(L)

Batsch

Rosaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4177

Aaru

Tree

Seeds

peric

arp

Paste

12teaspo

onInfectionaft

erbreakage

ofhair

(Baalto

d)2

Anthelm

intic

insectic

idal

sedativ

ediureticdem

ulcent

expectorantverm

icidaland

areu

sedin

leucod

ermaa

ndin

piles[72]

38Pu

nica

gran

atum

LLythraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4142

Anar

Tree

Fruits

Raw

1fruit

Anemia

8

Antim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory


[7374]

39

Rheum

moorcroftian

umRo

yle

Polygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4160

Figu

re5(j)

Dolu

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12teaspo

onInternalinjury

cutand

woun

ds24

Purgativea

ntim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory[

1475]

40

Rhododendron

campanu

latumDD

onEricaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4178

Syam

ruTree

Leaves

Paste

with

oil

12-1teaspo

onSkin

disease

6Analgesicanti-infl

ammatory

[76]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic


eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

7An

gelicagla

ucaEd

gew

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4146

Choru

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Gastric

9Antioxidantantim

icrobial

andph

ytotoxic[26]

8

Artemisianilagir

ica(C

BClarke)P

amp

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4136

Kunja

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nCu

tand

woun

ds24

Antim

icrobialantifu

ngal

antib

acteria

lantifi

laria


antic

ancerantio

xidant

and

anti-asthmatic[27]

9

Asparagusfi

licinus

Buch-H

amexDDon

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4126

Jhirn

aHerb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

cowmilk

Remove

weakness

13Hypolipidem

ic[28]


Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4163

Kingod

Shrub

Root

Decoctio

n1-2

drop

Eyea

ilments

87

Antim


diabetes

mellitus

hepatoprotectiv

eim

mun

omod

ulatory[

29]

11Berberislyciu

mRo

yle

Berberidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4164

Chotru

Herb

Bark

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

nthric

eaday

Diabeteseye

ailm

ents

92

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantih

yperlip

idem

ic

Antim

icrobialantim

utagenic

pesticidalwo

undhealing[30]

12

Bergenia

ciliata

(Haw

)Sternb

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4112

Syalph

adi

Herb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e45

Anti-tussiv

eantiu

lcer

anti-neop

lasticantio

xidant

antib

acteria

lhypo

glycaemic

[3132]

13

Bergenia

stracheyi

(Hoo

kfamp

Thom

son)

Engl

Figu

re5(c)

Saxifragaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4113

Pashanbh

edHerb

Root

Decoctio

n1teaspoo

non

cead

aywith

lukewarm

water

Ston

e61

Anti-a

rthriticantim

icrobial

[32]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

14

Centellaasiatica(L)

Urb

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4174

Brahmi

Herb

Leaves

JuicePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

26

Stim

ulatory-nervineton

ic

rejuvenantsedative

tranqu

ilizera

ndintelligence

prom

otingprop

erty

antie

pilepticleprosy

antin

ociceptiv

eand

anti-inflammatory[

33ndash35]

15

Cinn

amom

umtamala

(Buch-H

am)TNeesamp

Eberm

Lauraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4169

Tejpat

Tree

Leaves

bark

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Con

trolblood

pressure

49Antidiabetic

antibacteria

lanti-ulcerantim

icrobial[36]

16Cirsium

wallichiiDC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4138

Kanjelu

Herb

Root

Powd

erJuice

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

2Antim

icrobialand

Antioxidant

[37]

17Cu

cumissativ

usL

Cucurbita

ceae

HAPP

RCASR

4153

Kakd

iClim

ber

Seeds

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Diuretic

40Antim

icrobialA

ntioxidant


18Cu

rcum

alongaL

Zing

iberaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4165

Haldu

Herb

Rhizom

ePaste

12teaspo

ontwicea

day

Cutand

woun

ds86

Anti-H

IVantioxidant


[39]

19

Dactylorhizahatagir

ea(D

Don

)Soo

Orchidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4162

Figu

re5(d)

Hathajadi

Herb

Root

Paste

Pow

der

12teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

dsfever

stomachache

39Antibacteria

laphrod

isiac

antip

yretic[14

]

20Dioscorea

bulbifera

LDioscoreaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4139

Tairu

Clim

ber

Tuber

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

3

Antihyperlip

idem

ic

antitum

orantioxidant

anorexiantanalgesic


curin

ganti-diabeticand

antih

yperglycem

ic[40]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

21

Eupatoriu

madenophorum

Sprengel

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4157

Basya

Herb

Leaves

Juice

12-1

teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

d29

Analgesicantifu

ngal[4142]

22


(Link)

Friis

Urticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4118

Kand

ali

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

water

Fever

1Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal[43]

23

Hippophae

salicifolia

DDon

Elaeagnaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4140

Figu

re5(e)

Amesh

Tree

Fruits

Juice

5-10

teaspo

onin

1glasswater

Coo

lant

6

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antic


immun

omod

ulatory

radio-protectiv

eadaptogenic


anti-ste

rility

[44]

24Jugla

nsregiaL

Juglandaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4150

Akh

rot

Tree

Fruitp

eel

Paste

12teaspo

onSkin

diseases

56

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

anti-atherogenic

anti-inflammatorya

ndantim

utagenicprop

ertie

s[45ndash47]

25

Jurin

eamacrocephala

DC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4116

Bishkand

ara

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eaday

water

Fever

2Antioxidant

andAntibacteria

l[48]

26

Macrotylomaun

iflorum

(Lam

)Ve

rdc

Fabaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4114

Gahat

Herb

Seeds

Boiledsoup

1bow

lthricea

day

Ston

e96

Hepatop

rotectiveanti-ob

esity

antic

alcifyingantid

iabetic

antim

icrobial[49ndash

53]

27

Megacarpaea

polyan

dra

Benthex

Madden

Brassic

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4111

Figu

re5(f)

Barm

olu

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

lukewarm

water

Gastric

4Not

repo

rted


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

28MenthapiperitaL

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4148

Pudina

Herb

Leaves

Paste

12-1teaspo

onwater

Coo

lant

9Antim

icrobial[54]

29Mira

bilis

jalapa

LNyctaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4117

Herb

Leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds12

Antim

icrobial[55]

30

Nardosta

chysjataman

si(D

Don

)DC

Caprifoliaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4156

Maasi

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Jaun

dice

1

Toniclaxativ

ediuretic

spasmod

ichepatoprotectiv

ecardio

protectiv

e[56ndash58]

31Ocim

umtenu

iflorum

LLamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4115

Tulsi

Herb

Leaves

Powd

eror

raw

3-5leaves

with

water

Fevercoug

handcold

75Antim

icrobial

radio-protectiv

eantd

iabetic


32Oxalis

cornicu

lataL

Oxalid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4133

Alm

odu

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Paste

12teaspo

onBo

ils26

Anti-infl

ammatory

refrigerantand

antiscorbutic

hypo

glycem

ic

antih

ypertensive

antip

sychoticstim

ulant

chrono

tropicamp

inotropic

effect[61ndash6

3]

33

Paeoniaem

odiR

oyle

Paeoniaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4172

Figu

re5(g)

Chandra

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

87

Backachedropsy

epilepsyton

icemetic

cathartic

blood

purifi

erand

colicpurgativ

e[64

]

34

Picrorhiza

kurrooaRo

yle

exBe

nth

Plantaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4105

Figu

re5(h)

Kadw

iHerb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

96

Immun

omod

ulatory

cardiotonicantip

yretic

anthelmintic

laxativea

ndanti-asthmatic

hepatoprotectiv

eantic

holesta

tic

anti-ulcerogenic

anti-asthmaticand

immun

e-regu

latory

functio

ns[6566]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

35

Polygonatum

verticillatum

(L)All

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4127

Figu

re5(i)

Maham

aidaSalam

panja

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

3

Anti-infl

ammatory

antim

alarialantip

yretic


lantifun

galantid

iarrheal

[67ndash70]

36

Potentillalin

eata

Trevir

Syn

Potentillafulgens

LRo

saceae

HAPP

RCASR

4173

Bajrd

anti

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

26Anthelm

intic

[71]

37

Prun

uspersica

(L)

Batsch

Rosaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4177

Aaru

Tree

Seeds

peric

arp

Paste

12teaspo

onInfectionaft

erbreakage

ofhair

(Baalto

d)2

Anthelm

intic

insectic

idal

sedativ

ediureticdem

ulcent

expectorantverm

icidaland

areu

sedin

leucod

ermaa

ndin

piles[72]

38Pu

nica

gran

atum

LLythraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4142

Anar

Tree

Fruits

Raw

1fruit

Anemia

8

Antim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory


[7374]

39

Rheum

moorcroftian

umRo

yle

Polygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4160

Figu

re5(j)

Dolu

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12teaspo

onInternalinjury

cutand

woun

ds24

Purgativea

ntim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory[

1475]

40

Rhododendron

campanu

latumDD

onEricaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4178

Syam

ruTree

Leaves

Paste

with

oil

12-1teaspo

onSkin

disease

6Analgesicanti-infl

ammatory

[76]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic


eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

14

Centellaasiatica(L)

Urb

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4174

Brahmi

Herb

Leaves

JuicePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

26

Stim

ulatory-nervineton

ic

rejuvenantsedative

tranqu

ilizera

ndintelligence

prom

otingprop

erty

antie

pilepticleprosy

antin

ociceptiv

eand

anti-inflammatory[

33ndash35]

15

Cinn

amom

umtamala

(Buch-H

am)TNeesamp

Eberm

Lauraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4169

Tejpat

Tree

Leaves

bark

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onwith

water

Con

trolblood

pressure

49Antidiabetic

antibacteria

lanti-ulcerantim

icrobial[36]

16Cirsium

wallichiiDC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4138

Kanjelu

Herb

Root

Powd

erJuice

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

2Antim

icrobialand

Antioxidant

[37]

17Cu

cumissativ

usL

Cucurbita

ceae

HAPP

RCASR

4153

Kakd

iClim

ber

Seeds

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Diuretic

40Antim

icrobialA

ntioxidant


18Cu

rcum

alongaL

Zing

iberaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4165

Haldu

Herb

Rhizom

ePaste

12teaspo

ontwicea

day

Cutand

woun

ds86

Anti-H

IVantioxidant


[39]

19

Dactylorhizahatagir

ea(D

Don

)Soo

Orchidaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4162

Figu

re5(d)

Hathajadi

Herb

Root

Paste

Pow

der

12teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

dsfever

stomachache

39Antibacteria

laphrod

isiac

antip

yretic[14

]

20Dioscorea

bulbifera

LDioscoreaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4139

Tairu

Clim

ber

Tuber

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

3

Antihyperlip

idem

ic

antitum

orantioxidant

anorexiantanalgesic


curin

ganti-diabeticand

antih

yperglycem

ic[40]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

21

Eupatoriu

madenophorum

Sprengel

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4157

Basya

Herb

Leaves

Juice

12-1

teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

d29

Analgesicantifu

ngal[4142]

22


(Link)

Friis

Urticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4118

Kand

ali

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

water

Fever

1Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal[43]

23

Hippophae

salicifolia

DDon

Elaeagnaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4140

Figu

re5(e)

Amesh

Tree

Fruits

Juice

5-10

teaspo

onin

1glasswater

Coo

lant

6

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antic


immun

omod

ulatory

radio-protectiv

eadaptogenic


anti-ste

rility

[44]

24Jugla

nsregiaL

Juglandaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4150

Akh

rot

Tree

Fruitp

eel

Paste

12teaspo

onSkin

diseases

56

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

anti-atherogenic

anti-inflammatorya

ndantim

utagenicprop

ertie

s[45ndash47]

25

Jurin

eamacrocephala

DC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4116

Bishkand

ara

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eaday

water

Fever

2Antioxidant

andAntibacteria

l[48]

26

Macrotylomaun

iflorum

(Lam

)Ve

rdc

Fabaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4114

Gahat

Herb

Seeds

Boiledsoup

1bow

lthricea

day

Ston

e96

Hepatop

rotectiveanti-ob

esity

antic

alcifyingantid

iabetic

antim

icrobial[49ndash

53]

27

Megacarpaea

polyan

dra

Benthex

Madden

Brassic

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4111

Figu

re5(f)

Barm

olu

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

lukewarm

water

Gastric

4Not

repo

rted


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

28MenthapiperitaL

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4148

Pudina

Herb

Leaves

Paste

12-1teaspo

onwater

Coo

lant

9Antim

icrobial[54]

29Mira

bilis

jalapa

LNyctaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4117

Herb

Leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds12

Antim

icrobial[55]

30

Nardosta

chysjataman

si(D

Don

)DC

Caprifoliaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4156

Maasi

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Jaun

dice

1

Toniclaxativ

ediuretic

spasmod

ichepatoprotectiv

ecardio

protectiv

e[56ndash58]

31Ocim

umtenu

iflorum

LLamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4115

Tulsi

Herb

Leaves

Powd

eror

raw

3-5leaves

with

water

Fevercoug

handcold

75Antim

icrobial

radio-protectiv

eantd

iabetic


32Oxalis

cornicu

lataL

Oxalid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4133

Alm

odu

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Paste

12teaspo

onBo

ils26

Anti-infl

ammatory

refrigerantand

antiscorbutic

hypo

glycem

ic

antih

ypertensive

antip

sychoticstim

ulant

chrono

tropicamp

inotropic

effect[61ndash6

3]

33

Paeoniaem

odiR

oyle

Paeoniaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4172

Figu

re5(g)

Chandra

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

87

Backachedropsy

epilepsyton

icemetic

cathartic

blood

purifi

erand

colicpurgativ

e[64

]

34

Picrorhiza

kurrooaRo

yle

exBe

nth

Plantaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4105

Figu

re5(h)

Kadw

iHerb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

96

Immun

omod

ulatory

cardiotonicantip

yretic

anthelmintic

laxativea

ndanti-asthmatic

hepatoprotectiv

eantic

holesta

tic

anti-ulcerogenic

anti-asthmaticand

immun

e-regu

latory

functio

ns[6566]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

35

Polygonatum

verticillatum

(L)All

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4127

Figu

re5(i)

Maham

aidaSalam

panja

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

3

Anti-infl

ammatory

antim

alarialantip

yretic


lantifun

galantid

iarrheal

[67ndash70]

36

Potentillalin

eata

Trevir

Syn

Potentillafulgens

LRo

saceae

HAPP

RCASR

4173

Bajrd

anti

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

26Anthelm

intic

[71]

37

Prun

uspersica

(L)

Batsch

Rosaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4177

Aaru

Tree

Seeds

peric

arp

Paste

12teaspo

onInfectionaft

erbreakage

ofhair

(Baalto

d)2

Anthelm

intic

insectic

idal

sedativ

ediureticdem

ulcent

expectorantverm

icidaland

areu

sedin

leucod

ermaa

ndin

piles[72]

38Pu

nica

gran

atum

LLythraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4142

Anar

Tree

Fruits

Raw

1fruit

Anemia

8

Antim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory


[7374]

39

Rheum

moorcroftian

umRo

yle

Polygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4160

Figu

re5(j)

Dolu

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12teaspo

onInternalinjury

cutand

woun

ds24

Purgativea

ntim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory[

1475]

40

Rhododendron

campanu

latumDD

onEricaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4178

Syam

ruTree

Leaves

Paste

with

oil

12-1teaspo

onSkin

disease

6Analgesicanti-infl

ammatory

[76]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic


eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

21

Eupatoriu

madenophorum

Sprengel

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4157

Basya

Herb

Leaves

Juice

12-1

teaspo

onCu

tand

woun

d29

Analgesicantifu

ngal[4142]

22


(Link)

Friis

Urticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4118

Kand

ali

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

water

Fever

1Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal[43]

23

Hippophae

salicifolia

DDon

Elaeagnaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4140

Figu

re5(e)

Amesh

Tree

Fruits

Juice

5-10

teaspo

onin

1glasswater

Coo

lant

6

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antic


immun

omod

ulatory

radio-protectiv

eadaptogenic


anti-ste

rility

[44]

24Jugla

nsregiaL

Juglandaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4150

Akh

rot

Tree

Fruitp

eel

Paste

12teaspo

onSkin

diseases

56

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

anti-atherogenic

anti-inflammatorya

ndantim

utagenicprop

ertie

s[45ndash47]

25

Jurin

eamacrocephala

DC

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4116

Bishkand

ara

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eaday

water

Fever

2Antioxidant

andAntibacteria

l[48]

26

Macrotylomaun

iflorum

(Lam

)Ve

rdc

Fabaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4114

Gahat

Herb

Seeds

Boiledsoup

1bow

lthricea

day

Ston

e96

Hepatop

rotectiveanti-ob

esity

antic

alcifyingantid

iabetic

antim

icrobial[49ndash

53]

27

Megacarpaea

polyan

dra

Benthex

Madden

Brassic

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4111

Figu

re5(f)

Barm

olu

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

ontwicea

daywith

lukewarm

water

Gastric

4Not

repo

rted


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

28MenthapiperitaL

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4148

Pudina

Herb

Leaves

Paste

12-1teaspo

onwater

Coo

lant

9Antim

icrobial[54]

29Mira

bilis

jalapa

LNyctaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4117

Herb

Leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds12

Antim

icrobial[55]

30

Nardosta

chysjataman

si(D

Don

)DC

Caprifoliaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4156

Maasi

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Jaun

dice

1

Toniclaxativ

ediuretic

spasmod

ichepatoprotectiv

ecardio

protectiv

e[56ndash58]

31Ocim

umtenu

iflorum

LLamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4115

Tulsi

Herb

Leaves

Powd

eror

raw

3-5leaves

with

water

Fevercoug

handcold

75Antim

icrobial

radio-protectiv

eantd

iabetic


32Oxalis

cornicu

lataL

Oxalid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4133

Alm

odu

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Paste

12teaspo

onBo

ils26

Anti-infl

ammatory

refrigerantand

antiscorbutic

hypo

glycem

ic

antih

ypertensive

antip

sychoticstim

ulant

chrono

tropicamp

inotropic

effect[61ndash6

3]

33

Paeoniaem

odiR

oyle

Paeoniaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4172

Figu

re5(g)

Chandra

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

87

Backachedropsy

epilepsyton

icemetic

cathartic

blood

purifi

erand

colicpurgativ

e[64

]

34

Picrorhiza

kurrooaRo

yle

exBe

nth

Plantaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4105

Figu

re5(h)

Kadw

iHerb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

96

Immun

omod

ulatory

cardiotonicantip

yretic

anthelmintic

laxativea

ndanti-asthmatic

hepatoprotectiv

eantic

holesta

tic

anti-ulcerogenic

anti-asthmaticand

immun

e-regu

latory

functio

ns[6566]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

35

Polygonatum

verticillatum

(L)All

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4127

Figu

re5(i)

Maham

aidaSalam

panja

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

3

Anti-infl

ammatory

antim

alarialantip

yretic


lantifun

galantid

iarrheal

[67ndash70]

36

Potentillalin

eata

Trevir

Syn

Potentillafulgens

LRo

saceae

HAPP

RCASR

4173

Bajrd

anti

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

26Anthelm

intic

[71]

37

Prun

uspersica

(L)

Batsch

Rosaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4177

Aaru

Tree

Seeds

peric

arp

Paste

12teaspo

onInfectionaft

erbreakage

ofhair

(Baalto

d)2

Anthelm

intic

insectic

idal

sedativ

ediureticdem

ulcent

expectorantverm

icidaland

areu

sedin

leucod

ermaa

ndin

piles[72]

38Pu

nica

gran

atum

LLythraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4142

Anar

Tree

Fruits

Raw

1fruit

Anemia

8

Antim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory


[7374]

39

Rheum

moorcroftian

umRo

yle

Polygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4160

Figu

re5(j)

Dolu

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12teaspo

onInternalinjury

cutand

woun

ds24

Purgativea

ntim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory[

1475]

40

Rhododendron

campanu

latumDD

onEricaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4178

Syam

ruTree

Leaves

Paste

with

oil

12-1teaspo

onSkin

disease

6Analgesicanti-infl

ammatory

[76]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic


eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

28MenthapiperitaL

Lamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4148

Pudina

Herb

Leaves

Paste

12-1teaspo

onwater

Coo

lant

9Antim

icrobial[54]

29Mira

bilis

jalapa

LNyctaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4117

Herb

Leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds12

Antim

icrobial[55]

30

Nardosta

chysjataman

si(D

Don

)DC

Caprifoliaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4156

Maasi

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Jaun

dice

1

Toniclaxativ

ediuretic

spasmod

ichepatoprotectiv

ecardio

protectiv

e[56ndash58]

31Ocim

umtenu

iflorum

LLamiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4115

Tulsi

Herb

Leaves

Powd

eror

raw

3-5leaves

with

water

Fevercoug

handcold

75Antim

icrobial

radio-protectiv

eantd

iabetic


32Oxalis

cornicu

lataL

Oxalid

aceae

HAPP

RCASR

4133

Alm

odu

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Paste

12teaspo

onBo

ils26

Anti-infl

ammatory

refrigerantand

antiscorbutic

hypo

glycem

ic

antih

ypertensive

antip

sychoticstim

ulant

chrono

tropicamp

inotropic

effect[61ndash6

3]

33

Paeoniaem

odiR

oyle

Paeoniaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4172

Figu

re5(g)

Chandra

Herb

Leaves

Juice

1teaspoo

nthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

87

Backachedropsy

epilepsyton

icemetic

cathartic

blood

purifi

erand

colicpurgativ

e[64

]

34

Picrorhiza

kurrooaRo

yle

exBe

nth

Plantaginaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4105

Figu

re5(h)

Kadw

iHerb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

96

Immun

omod

ulatory

cardiotonicantip

yretic

anthelmintic

laxativea

ndanti-asthmatic

hepatoprotectiv

eantic

holesta

tic

anti-ulcerogenic

anti-asthmaticand

immun

e-regu

latory

functio

ns[6566]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

35

Polygonatum

verticillatum

(L)All

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4127

Figu

re5(i)

Maham

aidaSalam

panja

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

3

Anti-infl

ammatory

antim

alarialantip

yretic


lantifun

galantid

iarrheal

[67ndash70]

36

Potentillalin

eata

Trevir

Syn

Potentillafulgens

LRo

saceae

HAPP

RCASR

4173

Bajrd

anti

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

26Anthelm

intic

[71]

37

Prun

uspersica

(L)

Batsch

Rosaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4177

Aaru

Tree

Seeds

peric

arp

Paste

12teaspo

onInfectionaft

erbreakage

ofhair

(Baalto

d)2

Anthelm

intic

insectic

idal

sedativ

ediureticdem

ulcent

expectorantverm

icidaland

areu

sedin

leucod

ermaa

ndin

piles[72]

38Pu

nica

gran

atum

LLythraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4142

Anar

Tree

Fruits

Raw

1fruit

Anemia

8

Antim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory


[7374]

39

Rheum

moorcroftian

umRo

yle

Polygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4160

Figu

re5(j)

Dolu

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12teaspo

onInternalinjury

cutand

woun

ds24

Purgativea

ntim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory[

1475]

40

Rhododendron

campanu

latumDD

onEricaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4178

Syam

ruTree

Leaves

Paste

with

oil

12-1teaspo

onSkin

disease

6Analgesicanti-infl

ammatory

[76]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic


eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

35

Polygonatum

verticillatum

(L)All

Asparagaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4127

Figu

re5(i)

Maham

aidaSalam

panja

Herb

Rhizom

ePo

wder

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Fever

3

Anti-infl

ammatory

antim

alarialantip

yretic


lantifun

galantid

iarrheal

[67ndash70]

36

Potentillalin

eata

Trevir

Syn

Potentillafulgens

LRo

saceae

HAPP

RCASR

4173

Bajrd

anti

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

26Anthelm

intic

[71]

37

Prun

uspersica

(L)

Batsch

Rosaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4177

Aaru

Tree

Seeds

peric

arp

Paste

12teaspo

onInfectionaft

erbreakage

ofhair

(Baalto

d)2

Anthelm

intic

insectic

idal

sedativ

ediureticdem

ulcent

expectorantverm

icidaland

areu

sedin

leucod

ermaa

ndin

piles[72]

38Pu

nica

gran

atum

LLythraceae

HAPP

RCASR

4142

Anar

Tree

Fruits

Raw

1fruit

Anemia

8

Antim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory


[7374]

39

Rheum

moorcroftian

umRo

yle

Polygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4160

Figu

re5(j)

Dolu

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12teaspo

onInternalinjury

cutand

woun

ds24

Purgativea

ntim

icrobial

anti-inflammatory[

1475]

40

Rhododendron

campanu

latumDD

onEricaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4178

Syam

ruTree

Leaves

Paste

with

oil

12-1teaspo

onSkin

disease

6Analgesicanti-infl

ammatory

[76]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic


eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

41

Rumex

nepalen

sisSpreng

Po

lygonaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4167

Khu

ldya

Herb

Root

Powd

erpaste

12-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

lukewarm

water

Pneumon

iaC

utandwo

unds

1Antioxidantantitu

mou

ranti-inflammatory

purgative[

77ndash79]

42

Saussureacostu

s(Falc)

Lipsch

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4109

Kuth

Herb

Root

and

leaves

Paste

-Cu

tand

woun

ds27

Anti-infl

ammatory

antic


eantim

icrobial[8081]

43

Saussureaobvallata

(DC)

Edgew

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4110

Figu

re5(k)

Kaun

lHerb

Aeria

lpart

Raw

-To

keep

atho

me

forincreasing

immun

ity29

Antioxidantantim

icrobial

[82]

44

Selin

umvagin

atum

(Edgew

)CB

Clarke

Apiaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4144

Bhutkesh

Herb

Root

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Coo

lant

2Antibacteria

l[83]

45

Swertia

chira

yita

(Roxb)

Buch-H

amex

CBClarke

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4154

Figu

re5(l)

Chira

ituHerb

Who

leplant

Powd

er12

-1teaspo

onthric

eadaywith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

78

Antibacteria

lantifu

ngal

antileishmaniaantim

alaria

anti-inflammatory

antid

iabetic

hepatop

rotective

antiv

iral[84ndash88]

46

Swertia

ciliata

(DDon

exGDon

)BLBurtt

Gentia

naceae

HAPP

RCASR

4166

Chira

taHerb

Aeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onwith

water

Feversto

mach

ache

12Antifu

ngal[89]


Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table2Con

tinued

SN

Scientificn

ameFamily

andcollectionnu

mber

Localn

ame

Life

form

sPartsu

sed

Mod

eof

preparation

Doses

and

administratio

nDise

ases

treated

UR


ity

47TageteserectaL

Aste

raceae

HAPP

RCASR

4147

Gaind

aHerb

Leaves

Juice

1-2drop

sEa

rache


anti-inflammatory[

90]

48Ta

xusw

allichian

aZu

cc

Taxaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4151

Thun

erTree

Bark

Tea

1cup

once

aday

Highbloo

dpressure

25

Immun

omod

ulatory


al

analgesic

anti-p

yreticand

anti-convulsancea

ctivities

anti-cancer

[9192]

49

Tinosporasin

ensis

(Lou

r)Merr

Syn

Tino

spora

cordifo

lia(W

illd)M

iers

Menisp

ermaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4132

Gilo

eClim

ber

Aeria

lpart

Juice

1teaspoo

nwith

water

FeverStom

ach

ache

87

Anti-c

ancer

immun

omod

ulatory


[93ndash95]

50Ur

ticadioica

LUrticaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4130

Kand

ali

Herb

Aeria

lpart

Rawvegetable

-Anaem

ia

remove

weakness

81

Antidiabetic

hepatoprotectiv

eantiv

iral

antim

icrobialanticancer

immun

omod

ulatory[

96ndash101]

51

Zanthoxylum

armatum

DC

Rutaceae

HAPP

RCASR

4107

Timru

Shrub

SeedsStem

oraeria

lpart

Powd

er12

teaspo

onCleansingteeth

andtoothache

95Anti-infl

ammatory

antib

acteria

lantifun

gal

[102ndash104

]

SNseria

lnum

berSynsynon

ymU

Ruser

eports


012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















012345678

Am

aryl

lidac

eae

Apia

ceae

Asp

arag

acea

eA

stera

ceae

Berb

erid

acea

eBr

assic

acea

eCa

prifo

liace

aeCu

curb

itace

aeD

iosc

orea

ceae

Elae

agna

ceae

Eric

acea

eFa

bace

aeG

entia

nace

aeJu

glan

dace

aeLa

mia

ceae

Laur

acea

eLy

thra

ceae

Men

isper

mac

eae

Nyc

tagi

nace

aeO

rchi

dace

aeO

xalid

acea

ePa

eoni

acea

ePl

anta

gina

ceae

Poly

gona

ceae

Ranu

ncul

acea

eRo

sace

aeRu

tace

aeSa

xifr

agac

eae

Taxa

ceae

Urt

icac

eae

Zing

iber

acea

e

Num

ber o

f pla

nts


02468

1012141618

Num

ber

FruitsSeed

sRoot

Rhizome

TuberBulb

Aerial p

artLeav

esBark

Whole plan

t


Juice17

Powder42

Decoction 7

Paste23

Boiled soup2

Raw7

Tea2





4 Discussion




(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)








Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of

























Fever and aches 580 3094 13 2549 097


131 699 4 784 097




Ear ache 49 261 2 392 097


Others 140 747 4 784 097

Total 1874

10

20

30

40

50

spec

ies

age

10

20

30

20 40 60

uses

(a)healer

no

10

20

30

40

50sp

ecie

s

10

20

30

uses

yes

(b)



species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















species

10203040

healer

NoYes

(a)

uses

510152025

healerNoYes





5 Conclusion


Appendix

Questionnaires



Gender MaleFemale

(2) How old are you








Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of


























Remarks




Table 4














Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table 5

No Botanical name

+=Yes-






Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-







Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















Table 5 Continued

No Botanical name

+=Yes-



Data Availability




Acknowledgments


References



























































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















































































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of




















































































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of



















































of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of























of




Disease Markers



OncologyJournal of





PPAR Research



Volume 2018


Journal of

ObesityJournal of



















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Traditional Herbal Knowledge among the Inhabitants: A Case ... · Atees Herb Root Juice,Powder /teaspoon withlukewarm water Stomachache, fever Anti-inammatory, antipyretic,Antibacterial,