Professional Functioning

Data gathering and storage Monitoring student

performance and progress Assessment Record keeping Communication with

various audiences Observation Data-based decision

making Program evaluation Research

Assistive Technology

Benefit from alternative modes of communication

Keyboard skills may assist students with fine-motor difficulties

Computer accessibility options (e.g., large font screens, speech recognition software) can assist students with a wide variety of visual, auditory, and motor problems

Need to protect student confidentiality Need to protect test security Awareness of what is online for youth seeking information

and consultation: Idealized physical attributes Diets Drugs Bullying Advocates of self-injurious behavior

Potential addiction to technology (e.g., video games, pornography)

Potential to limiting genuine (versus virtual) social interactions

Digital divide, where technology is often more accessible to those with more economic resources.

How long do we maintain client files? Outdated storage techniques File Corruption and Viruses Retiring Old Equipment

Maintaining copyright is harder with virtual environments

Selling tests on eBay

Psychometrically Sound

Must be qualified to administer AND interpret the findings

Confidentiality Double-locked Faxes Secure Emails (https:// instead of http:// ) Secure Online Forms

Benefit is that it decreases human error in scoring.

Types of information available: Scores: Raw scores, Standard Scores, Percentile

Ranks Statistical Data: Within-test Score Comparisons,

Progress Monitoring Narratives: Intervention Plans, Psychological

Interpretations, Computer-Generated Reports Only for the one test (not derived from multiple

sources of data). Removes professional judgment and clinical opinion. Often worded in an overly technical manner that is

difficult for the average parent to understand.

School psychologists ensure that an individual providing consent for school psychological services is fully informed about the nature and scope of services offered, assessment/intervention goals and procedures… (NASP I.1.3).

School psychologists review all of their written documents for accuracy, signing them only when correct. (NASP II.2.1)

A psychological or psychoeducational assessment is based on a variety of different types of information from different sources. (NASP II.3.3)

LEA shall … not use any single measure or assessment as the sole criterion for determining whether a child is a child with a disability or determining an appropriate educational program for the child. (IDEA, 2004)

Change already existing tests to be administered through a computer with few changes.

Social, emotional, and behavioral testing do this frequently.

Be wary of psychometric issues as often there is not new norms for the “computer-based version.”

Continuous Performance Tests (CPT)

Processing Speed (to the millisecond) (ANAM)

Iterative Algorithm Difficulty of items is predetermined Goal is to identify what level of difficulty

person performs. If an item is answered correctly, a more

difficult item is given; if it is incorrect then an easier one is given

When using computer-administered assessments, computer-assisted scoring, and/or interpretation programs, school psychologists choose programs that meet professional standards for accuracy and validity. School psychologists use professional judgment in evaluating the accuracy of computer-assisted assessment findings for the examinee. (NASP, II.3.2)

LEA shall insure that evaluation materials used to assess a child are used for purposes for which the assessments or measures are valid and reliable. (IDEA, 2004)

Test NameComputer

ScoringComputer

Administration Extras

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)

Unlimited None Scores Only

Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised (ADI-R)

Unlimited Unlimited Scores Only

Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ)

Unlimited Unlimited Scores Only

Gilliam Autism Rating Scale – Second Edition (GARS – 2)

Unlimited Unlimited Scores Only

Gilliam Asperger’s Disorder Scale (GADS)

None None None

Childhood Autism Rating Scale – Second Edition (CARS2)

None None None

Sattler & Krach

Test NameComputer

ScoringComputer

Administration Extras

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales - Second Edition (VABS)

Unlimited None Expanded Narrative

AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scale – School: Second Edition (ABS-S:2)

None None None

AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scale – R&C: Second Edition (ABS-RC:2)

None None None

Scales of Independent Behavior- Revised (SIB-R)

Unlimited None Scores Only

Adaptive Behavior Assessment System – II (ABAS-II)

Unlimited None Expanded Narrative

Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd Edition (BDI-2)

Unlimited None Scores Only

Sattler & Krach

Test NameComputer

ScoringComputer

Administration Extras

Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI)

Pay Per Use Pay Per Use Expanded Narrative

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – Adolescent (MMPI-A)

Pay Per Use Pay Per Use Expanded Narrative

Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY)

25 Uses None Scores Only

Behavior Assessment System for Children – Second Edition (BASC-2)

Unlimited Pay Per Use Expanded Narrative

Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL/ 6-18); (TRF) (YSR)

Unlimited A.R. Expanded ScoresBrief Narrative

Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½ -5 (CBCL/ 1½ - 5); (C-TRF)

Unlimited A.R. Expanded Scores

Sattler & Krach

Test NameComputer

ScoringComputer

Administration Extras

Connors’ Rating Scales – Third Edition (CRS-3)

Unlimited Set of 25 Expanded NarrativeExpanded Scores

Devereux Scales of Mental Disorders (DSMD)

None None None

Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI)

None None None

Jesness Inventory – Revised (JI-R)

Pay Per Use

Pay Per Use Expanded NarrativeExpanded Scores

Personality Inventory for Children – Second Edition (PIC-2)

Set of 25 Set of 25 Brief NarrativeExpanded Scores

Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (RBPC)

None None None

Reynolds Adolescent Adjustment Screening Inventory (RASI)

None None None

Sattler & Krach

Test NameComputer

ScoringComputer

Administration Extras

Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI)

Set of 25 None Scores Only

Parenting Satisfaction Scale (PSS)

None None None

Parenting Stress Index – Third Edition (PSI-3)

Unlimited Pay Per Use Brief Narrative

Parenting Stress Index – Short Form (PSI-3)

Unlimited Pay Per Use Brief Narrative

Sattler & Krach

Test NameComputer

ScoringComputer

Administration Extras

Beck Anxiety Inventory for Youth (BYI-III)

None None None

Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BYI-III)

None None None

Children’s Depression Inventory – Second Edition (CDI-2)

Unlimited None Expanded NarrativeExpanded Scores

Reynolds Child Depression Scale (BYI-III)

None None None

Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale – Second Edition (RADS-2)

None None None

Sattler & Krach

http://www.onlinetherapyinstituteblog.com

School psychologists recognize the strengths and limitations of their training and experience, engaging only in practices for which they are qualified. (NASP II.1.1)

When obtaining informed consent for treatment for which generally recognized techniques and procedures have not been established, psychologists inform their clients/patients of the developing nature of the treatment, the potential risks involved, alternative treatments that may be available, and the voluntary nature of their participation. (APA Ethics, 10.01)

IDEA defines an 'assistive technology device' as...any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of a child with a disability.

IDEA defines an 'assistive technology service' as...any service that directly assists a child with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology device. Such term includes -(A) the evaluation...(B) purchasing, leasing, or otherwise providing for the acquisition devices... (C) selecting, designing, fitting, customizing, adapting, applying, maintaining,

repairing(D) coordinating and using other therapies, interventions, or services with

assistive technology(D) training or technical assistance for such child, or ...the family of such child...(F) training or technical assistance for professionals…

Wrightslaw.com

Treatment of Phobias Acrophobia – Fear of Heights (Hodges et al., 1995) Arachnophobia – Fear of Spiders (Carlin et al.

1997) Claustrophobia (Botella et al., 1998)

Social Anxiety (Anderson, et al., 2003)

Emotion Recognition for Persons’ with Autism (Moore, Cheng, McGrath & Powel, 2005)

Social Reciprocity and Person’s with ASD (Cheng & Ye, 2009)

Empathy Instruction for Persons’ with ASD (Cheng et al. 2010)

Social Skills (Martin, 2008)

Leadership Skills Development (Reeves et al., 2007)

Online counseling can be a good option for group therapy for individuals from isolated social groups (Shernoff, 2000).

Online counseling has been shown to work well with emotionally disturbed adolescents in helping them learn relationship-oriented verbal techniques (Zimmerman, 1987).

In general, online counseling is preferred to no counseling at all, but the research is mixed as to how effective it is versus face-to-face.

Found that telephone consultation and text chat (especially when accompanied by live video stream) were viable alternatives to in-person (Astramovich, Jones, & Coker, 2004)

IEP Team members and meeting are outlined in IDEA but NO REQUIREMENT of physical attendance of meeting.

Client’s found tele-consultation acceptable but not better than in-person (Montani, et al, 1997)

AIMSweb Benchmark and progress monitoring system Based on paper/pencil testing Results reported via a web-based data management

system.

rtigraphs.com Excel based program to help with progress monitoring Basic versions available for free

iSteep Web-based data management (paper-based probes) Intervention materials included Staff/ Faculty continuing education options

nasponline.org National Association of School Psychologists

http://www.interventioncentral.org/ Intervention Central

http://www.pbis.org/ OSEP Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Supports

ncisla.wceruw.org National Center for Improving Student Learning and Achievement

in Mathematics and Science (NCISLA)

http://www.goenc.com/ Eisenhower National Clearinghouse

http://www.helphorizons.com: Offers online and face-to-face counseling services.