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Disclaimer (in side page): The “Training Manual” has been developed with the financial assistance of the European
Union. And, the views or opinion herein does not endorsed by the European Union.
‡Uªwbs ‡gbyqvj
gvbevwaKvi Ges ¯’vbxq cÖkvmb
b‡f¤i 2013
cÖ¯‘Z
b‡f¤i 2013
Dc¯’vcb
Kbmvb© BDwbf©vmvj, evsjv‡`k
gvbe gyw³ ms¯’v (Gg Gg Gm)
A_©vq‡b
BAvBwWGBPAvi †cÖvMÖvg, BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbqb (BBD)
cÖ¯‘ZKviK
ksKi cvj
cÖavb, wnDg¨vb ivBUm&& BDwbU
Kbmvb© BDwbf©vmvj, evsjv‡`k
Promoting Rights and Accessibility of the Ultra-poor in Char land areas through Democratic Local Governance (PRADG) Project
(Grant Contract: EIDHR/2013/297-038).
1
ms¯‥ib:
cÖKvkK
e½vbyev`
Szgv nvj`vi,
cÖ‡R± Awdmvi, wcAv&iGwWwR- wnDg¨vb ivBUm&& BDwbU
‡h ‡Kvb Z‡_¨i Rb¨, †hvMv‡hvM Kiæb:
ksKi cvj
cÖavb, wnDg¨vb ivBUm&& BDwbU
Kbmvb© BDwbf©vmvj, evsjv‡`k
evox - 8 (4-5 Zjv), †ivW - 28, eøK - †K, ebvbx
XvKv - 1213, evsjv‡`k
B-‡gBj: [email protected]
I‡qe mvBU: www.concern-universal.org.bd
Ges
Gm . Gg. Avwgi †nv‡mb
Dc-cwiPvjK, gvbe gyw³ ms¯’v (Gg Gg Gm)
e½eÜz weªR Gi cwðg fvM, wmivRMÄ m`i Dc‡Rjv
wmivRMÄ, evsjv‡`k
B-‡gBj: [email protected]
(GB †Uªwbs †gbyqvjwU BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbq‡bi A_©vq‡b cÖš‘Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ges GB †gbyqv‡ji †Kvb Z_¨B BD‡ivwcqv‡bi
Øviv Gb‡Wvm© Kiv †bB/ ¯^xK…Z bq)
2
gyLeÜ
gvbevwaKvi Ges ¯’vbxq kvmb welqK cÖwkÿ‡bi †gbyqvjwU gyjZ: Ò ’vbxq MbZvwš¿K mykvmb e¨e¯Ívi Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Pi
A‡ji AwZ `wi ª Rb‡Mvwói AwaKvi I †mev MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM wbwðZ KiYÓ wkl©K cÖK‡íi GKwU Ask hvi jÿ¨ n‡”Q
Piv‡ji AwZ `wi ª gvby‡li AwaKvi I †mev cÖwßi myy‡hvM wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ M„nxZ D‡`¨vM I Kvh©µg hv evsjv‡`‡ki
Ab¨vb¨ msMVb¸‡jv‡K gvbevwaKvi I mykvbm wel‡q `ÿZv e„w× Ki‡e|
gvbevwaKvi I mykvmb welqK GB cÖwkÿb (mnvwqKv) †gbyqvjwU •Zix‡Z †hme msMV‡bi AwfÁZv I Ávb AvniY Kiv
n‡q‡Q, Kbmvb© BDwbf©mvj, evsjv‡`k (wmBDwe) Zv‡`i cÖwZ K…ZÁZv Rbvq|
GB cÖwkÿb mnvwqKv‡Z ‡hme welq D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv nj: gvbevwaKv‡ii avibv, A_©, Drm, Ges Dbœqb, gvbevwa‡Kii
gvb`Û, gvbevwaKvi f½, gvbevwaKvi welqK AwaKvi f½ ch©‡eÿb, gvbevwaKvi wfwËK c×wZ I ¯’vbxq kvm‡bi mv‡_
Zvi m¤úK©, mykvm‡bi avibv, A_©, Dcv`vb I cÖwZØw›`Zv, MbZvwš¿K ¯’vbxq kvmb, AskMÖbng~jK cwiKíbv Ges ev‡RU,
Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb Ges AvB‡bi wewa, evsjv‡`‡k webvg~‡j¨ AvBb mnvqZv Ges MÖvg Av`vjZ I AwZ `wi ª‡`i b¨vq
wePv‡i cÖ‡e‡ki AwaKvi|
GB mnvwqKvwU wewfbœ wPÎ, KvUy©b I †Km óvwWm mn mnR mvavib fvlvq •Zix n‡q‡Q| mnR evsjv fvlvq GB mnvwqKvwU
Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| fwel¨‡Z GB mnvwqKvwU ev¯Íe I e¨envwiK Ávb cÖ‡qvM K‡i †kLv‡bvi wel‡q KvR Ki‡e|
cwi‡k‡l, Avwg wg. ksKi cvj‡K A‡kl K…ZÁZv RvbvB hv HKvwšÍK cÖ‡Póvq GB mnvwqKvwU •Zix n‡q‡Q| GQvov, Avwg
Av‡iv ab¨ev` RvbvB gvbe gyw³ ms¯’vi Dc cwiPvjK wg. Avgxi †nv‡mb‡K I wg. mwgi `vm‡K, whwb cÖ‡R± †KvAwW©‡bUi,
wcAviGwWwR - gvbe gyw³ ms¯’vq KvR Ki‡Qb |
Avwg AvšÍwiKfv‡e Avkv KiwQ GB cÖwkÿb mnvwqKvwU ¯’vbxq e¨envi K‡i miKvi cÖwZôvb, GbwRI cÖwZwbwa, mykxj
mgvR, wgwWqv, M‡elK Ges Ab¨vb¨ †K․kjMZ cªwZwbwa I mg Í cÖvmw½K wel‡qi jã Ávb‡K e¨enviKvix e¨w³eM© DcK…Z
n‡e|
K‡b©wjm wW Djd
Kvw›Uª WvB‡i±i, evsjv‡`k
Kbmvb© BDwbfv‡m©j
3
myPx cÎ
Dcv`vb welq myPx cvZv
myPbv myPbv
hv‡`i Rb¨ GB cÖwkÿb †gbyqvj
jÿ¨
‡gbyqvjwUi KvVv‡gv
‡gbyqvjwU e¨env‡ii wUcm
‡gbyqvjwUi bgbxqZv/e¨envi Dc‡hvMxZv
Awa‡ekb GK
gvbevwaKvi Ges Gi gvb`Û
AwaKvi wK?
gvbevwaKvi ej‡Z wK eySvq?
Drm Ges gvbevwaKvi Dbœqb, gvbevwaKv‡ii Dcv`vb
gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb`Û
gvbevwaKvi ch©‡eÿ‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ gvb`Û
‡g․wjK AwaKvi wK? gvbevwaKvi Ges †g․wjK
AwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †Kv_vq?
Awa‡ekb yB
¯’vbxq Dbœq‡b gvbevwaKv‡ii f~wgKv
avibvMZ cÖ‡qvRb Ges AwaKvi
AwaKvi wfwËK e¨e¯’v Ges ÿgZvq‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©
¯’vbxq kvm‡b AwaKvi wfwËK e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
Awa‡ekb wZb
‡RÛvi Ges ¯’vbxq Dbœqb
‡RÛvi wK?
‡RÛvi mgZv I BKzBwU
‡RÛvi wfwËK Dbœqb
Awa‡ekb Pvi
mykvmb m¤ú‡K© avibv/Ávb
avibv, A_© I mykvm‡bi msMv
mykvm‡bi avibv I msMv
mykvm‡bi g~j Dcv`vb
mykvmb I gvbevwaKv‡ii ‡hvMm~Î
mykvm‡bi Rb¨ eo evuav
Awa‡ekb cvuP
MbZvwš¿K ’vbxq kvmb
MbZvwš¿K ’vbxq kvmb
¯’vbxq kvm‡bi avibv Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi
evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U eZ©gvb ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii MVb
evsjv‡`‡ki BDwbqb cwil‡`i MVb Ges KvVv‡gv
MbZvwš¿K ’vbxq kvm‡bi KvVv‡gi
mykvm‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii evuav (Pi GjvKvi
D`vniY mv‡c‡ÿ)
Awa‡ekb Qq
AskMÖnbg~jK cøvwbs Ges ev‡RU
AskMÖnYg~jK cwiKíbv Ges ev‡RU
Ask MÖnYg~jK cwiKíbv Ges Gi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ mgq
BDwbqb cwil‡` A‡_©i cÖavb Drm
BDwbqb cwil‡` ev‡RU Pµ
Awa‡ekb mvZ
Z_¨ AwaKvi Ges ¯’vbxq kvm‡bi
¸iæZ¡
Za¨ AwaKvi AvBb - 2009 Gi BwZnvm I avibv
BDwbqb †j‡f‡j Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡bi ‣eaZv
Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb Dbœq‡bi c_
Awa‡ekb AvU wjM¨vj GB‡Wi avibv I BwZnvm
4
wjM¨vj GBW Ges wePv‡i cÖ‡ek evsjv‡`‡k wjM¨vj GB‡Wi AvBbx wewa
AwZ `wi ª‡`i wePv‡i wjM¨vj GBW Ges wePv‡i cÖ‡ek
Awa‡ekb bq
MÖvgxb wePvi e¨e¯’v
evsjv‡`‡k MÖvgxb wePvi e¨e¯’v
Mªvg Av`vjZ Kv‡K e‡j?
MVb, AvBbMZ GLwZqvi Ges MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi ÿgZv
BDwbqb cwil‡` MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi f~wgKv
5
1. myPbv
GB †Uªwbs †gbyqvjwU wcAviGwWwR cÖ‡R‡±i GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~b© Ask| GB †gbyqvjwU †Uªwbs †Kvm© cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ GKwU
wb‡ ©wkKv| GwU ¯’vbxq kvmb m¤úK©xZ welqmgyn wb‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ wmwfj †mvmvBwU GKkb MÖyc, AwZ `wi ª MÖc, ¯’vbxq
cªwZwbwaeM© Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vbxq †÷K‡nvìvi MÖæc Gi `ÿZv e„wׇZ mnvqZv Ki‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ GjvKvq
MbZvwš¿Kfv‡e ¯’vbxq kvmb cwiPvjbvi cwi‡ek •Zwi‡Z wcAviGwWwR †cÖv‡R‡ói mnvwqKv wnmv‡e GB †gbyqvjwU KvR
Ki‡e| GB †gbyqvjwU gvbevwaKvi Ges mykvmb cwiPvjbvi GKwU gZev` Ges AeKvVv‡gv wnmv‡e avibv cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
‡mBmv‡_ myweav‡fvMx hviv wewfbœ AskMÖnY gyjK Kv‡Ri mnvqK Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ Ges Zv‡`i †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj
DbœqbgyjK cøwbs (ev‡RU mn) mykvmb m¤úK©xZ avibv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| GwU RvwZms‡Ni gvb`‡Û we‡ewPZ gvbevwaKvi,
†RÛvi, mykvmb Ges mvgvwRK AvBbMZ myiÿv m¤úK©xZ welq mgyn mn RvZxq AvBb Ges cwjwm¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© avibv
cwi¯‥vi Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| GwU AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©cÖbvjx‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| GwU mvaviY Aby‡gv`b cÖvß welq mgyn,
†hgb: gvbevwaKv‡ii welq, mykvmb m¤úK©xZ bxwZgvjv, BZ¨vw` MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ QK ‣Zix Ki‡e| ‡m Abyhvqx GB
†gbyqvjwUi GK GKwU Aa¨vq evsjv‡`‡k wbw ©ó wKQy wel‡qi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~b© f~wgKv ivL‡e|
1.1. hv‡`i Rb¨ GB †gbyqvj:
GB †gbyqvjwUi e„nËi myweav‡fvMx‡`i gvbevwaKvi Ges ¯’vbxq kvmb wel‡q D×z× n‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| GB †gbyqvjwU
cÖ_‡g ’vbxq miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa e„›`, wmGmGwR Ges DwcwR Gi m`m¨‡`i‡K `vwqZ¡kxj n‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| GB
†gbyqvjwU evsjv‡`‡k gvbevwaKvi Ges mykvmb Gi wel‡q hviv KvR Ki‡Q Zv‡`i mvgvwRK Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvb‡K
e¨envi Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
GB †Uªwbs ‡gbyqvjwU wewfbœ cÖ‡R± Awdm Kg©KZ©v‡`i‡K cÖ‡R± †W‡fjc‡g›U Gi óªv‡UwRK GKkb Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡R‡±i Uv‡M©U GjvK‡Z wbw ©÷ †Kvb AwaKvi f‡½i Rb¨ mycvwik Ki‡e Ges mn‡hvMx wnmv‡e f~wgKv ivL‡e|
†mB mv‡_ miKvix Ges Ab¨vb¨ gvbevwaKvi Ges mykvmb wel‡q wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡`i mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e Ges Ab¨vb¨
AskMÖnbKvix‡`i †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj n‡Z Ges ¯’vbxq fv‡e ev¯Íevqb bxwZ cwiKíbv Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
1.2. jÿ¨ / D‡Ïk¨
GB‡gbyqvjwUi m‡ev©cwi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q - `ÿZv e„w×, ms‡e`bkxjZv Ges wcAviGwWwR cÖ‡R‡±i Kg© mgyn‡K GwM‡q wb‡q
hvevi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Uv‡M©U (wPwýZ) GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z MbZvwš¿Kfv‡e ¯’vbxq mykvmb e„wׇZ mnvqZv Ki‡e|
GB †gbyqvjwUi wbw ©ó jÿ¨My‡jv wb¤œiæc:
1. ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZwbwa, wmGmGwR, BDwcwR Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vbxq †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i Ávb, `ÿZv e„w× Ges AbyKzj mvov
cÖ`vbKvix gvbevwaKvi msMVb Ges ¯’vbxq kvmb m¤úK©xZ Z_¨mgyn cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
2. ¯’vbxq kvmb (BDwbqb cwil`) AvBb - 2009 Ges Dwc †gbyqvj Gi wewamn AskMÖnYg~jK ¯’vbxq Dbœqb cwiKíbv
Ges †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ev‡RU cÖbq‡b AskMÖnYg~jK Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z mnvqK n‡e|
3. evsjv‡`‡ki Uv‡M©U GjvKv‡Z AwZ `wi`ª‡`i mvgvwRK I AvBbMZ myiÿvi Rb¨ Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ges Zv‡`i‡K weP‡i
cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM e„w×i Rb¨ Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡e|
GB †gbyqvjwU gvbevwaKvi Ges mykvmb m¤ú‡K© †evSvi Rb¨ cvuPwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v:
Awa‡ekb GK
myPbv
6
Aa¨vq welq mgyn
Aa¨vq - GK gvbevwaKvi Ges gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb`Û
Aa¨vq - `yB ¯’vbxq Dbœq‡b gvbevwaKvi wfwËK f~wgKv (wnDg¨vb ivBm& †eBm G‡cÖvP)
Aa¨vq - wZb ‡RÛvi I ¯’vbxq Dbœqb
Aa¨vq - Pvi ¯’vbxq kvmb m¤ú‡K© mvavib Ávb: avibv, A_©, Dcv`vb, bxwZgvjv Ges wKfv‡e ¯’vbxq kvmb
KvR K‡i Zvi D`vniY
Aa¨vq - cuvP MbZvwš¿K cªK…qvq ¯’vbxq kvmb
Aa¨vq - Qq bvix AwaKvi: †cÖÿvcU evsjv‡`k
Aa¨vq - mvZ wkï AwaKvi: †cÖÿvcU evsjv‡`k
Aa¨vq - AvU Z_¨ AwaKvi: ¯’vbxq cÖkvmb m¤ú‡K©
Aa¨vq - bq AvBb mnvqZv Ges wePv‡i cÖ‡ek: AwZ `wi ª RbM‡bi †cÖÿvcU
1.4. GB †gbyqvjwU e¨env‡ii Rb¨ wKQz wUcm (ÿz ª Dc‡`k)
GB †Uªwbs †gbyqvjwU mnvq‡Ki `ÿZv e„w× Ges jÿ¨ cyi‡b mnvqK n‡e| cÖwkÿ‡b e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ GB gwWDj
e¨enviKvix wbb¥wjwLZ welq¸‡jv ‡g‡b Pj‡e:
cÖwZwU †mk‡b wbw ©ó jÿ¨ Ges welq myPx‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hv‡e
cÖwkÿb cÖK…qv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welqmg~n (‡hgb: mv`v †evW©, gvK©vi †cb, wd¬c PvU©, wfc KvW©, wcb,
gvmwKb †Uc, j¨vcUc, gvwëwgwWqv) Riæix (cÖwZwU †mmb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨)|
mnvqK †mmb MVb Ges †mmb ïiy Kivi cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb| AskMÖnbKvix‡`i wbw`©ó wel‡q AvZ¥wek¦vmx
Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
mnvq‡Ki e¨e¯’vcbv wel‡q `ÿZv e„wׇZ mnvqZv Ki‡e| mywbwðZ wel‡q mnvqK we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kivi
mg‡q AskMÖnbKvix‡`i Dci wbf©i Ki‡e|
mnvqK wbw`©ó w`‡bi c~‡e© mswÿß †bvU¸‡jv fvjfv‡e co‡e| hw` `iKvi nq, Zviv welq m¤úK©xZ eB/covïbv
Ges D`vniY mgyn co‡Z cv‡i| welq m¤úK©xZ D`vniY mgy‡ni e¨vL¨v, avibv Ges Av‡jvPbv w`‡Z cv‡e|
1.5. g¨byqvjwU e¨env‡ii bgbxqZv
mnvqK B‡”Q Ki‡j GB †gbyqvjwUi ‡Uªwbs G D‡jøwLZ wbw ©wó welq mgyn e¨env‡ii myweav Abyhvqx cwieZ©b K‡i wb‡Z
cv‡i| GB †gbyqvjwU cÖ¯ÍvweZ ‡K․kj¸‡jv, mgq Ges e¨en„Z welqmgyn Ávb, `ÿZv Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Pvwn`v
Abyhvqx cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq, bZzb jÿ ‡hvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Gi Rb¨ bZzb welq cwiKíbvi `iKvi
n‡e|
7
Awa‡ek‡bi jÿ¨:
GB Awa‡ekbi jÿ¨ n‡”Q gvbevwaKvi Gi avibv, †cÖÿvcU, Dbœqb, gvbevwaKv‡ii fvM mgyn Ges Dbœqb| GB Aa¨v‡q
AwaKv‡ii ‡kªbxwefvM, ‡g․wjK AwaKv‡ii mv‡_ †g․wjK cv_©K¨ gvbewaKvi f‡½i welq mywPZ n‡q‡Q|
Awa‡ek‡bi welq e ‘:
K. AwaKvi wK?
L. gvbevwaKvi wK?
M. gvbevwaKv‡ii HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Ges Dbœqb
N. gvbewaKv‡ii fvM mgyn
O. gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb`Û
P. gvbevwaKvi gvb`‡Ûi e¨envi (gvbevwaKvi ch©‡eÿb Gi †ÿ‡Î)
Q. gvbewaKvi f½
R. ‡g․wjK AwaKvi wK? gvbevwaKvi Ges †g․wjK AwaKvi‡ii cv_©K¨
K. AwaKvi wK?
mvaviYZ fvlvq AwaKvi n‡”Q GKRb gvby‡li ÿgZv| AwaKv‡ii kvmb Øviv gvbevwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ Ges iÿv KivB Gi
D‡Ïk¨| GwU GKwU AvBb‡K mycvwik K‡i, hLb K) †Kvb cÖwZÁv ivL‡Z mvavib AwaKvi cÖ‡qvRb; L) GwU Avgv‡`i
Kv‡R jv‡M; M) †Kvb e¨w³i †hvM¨Zv hv Zvi wKQy KvR‡K ev Zvi AwaKv‡i _vKv †Kvb welq‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq g‡b K‡i|
‡hgb: Avgiv ÒAwaKviÓ kãwU e¨envi Kwi hLb †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi m¤úwË ev Zvi wb‡R‡K iÿvi AwaKvi welq hy³ nq|
GKwU AwaKvi n‡”Q GKwU eva¨evaKZv Ges G‡K ev ͇e iæc †`qv hvq|
Aa¨vcK m¨vgÛ AwaKvi‡K wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡ib:
AwaKvi n‡”Q ev Íe welqmgyn
AwaKvi n‡”Q wKQ m¤úwË; †hgb: Kwc ivBU, c¨v‡U›U ivBU, BZ¨vw`
AwaKvi GKRb e¨w³i e¨w³MZ m¤§vb
AwaKvi n‡”Q cvwievwiK m¤úK©
AwaKvi n‡”Q mybvg
AwaKvi n‡”Q wKQz myweav
AwaKvi‡K cÖ_wgKfv‡e `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:
1. AvBbMZ AwaKvi
mvaviYfv‡e AvBbMZ AwaKvi GKwU myweav hv wewa Øviv cwiPvwjZ wePvwiK AwaKvi hv AvBbMZ AwaKvi‡K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb
K‡i Ges myiÿv K‡i| G‡`‡ki RbMb AvB‡bi Øviv ev miKvix wewa Øviv AvBbMZ AwaKvi‡K ‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AvBbMZ AwaKvi‡K bvMwiK AwaKvi ev cÖwZwôZ AwaKvi ejv nq| GwU †`‡ki AvBbMZ wbq‡gi g‡a¨ KvR K‡i| GwU
GKRb gvby‡li †Kvb KvR‡K wbq¯¿b Kivi `ÿZv e„wׇZ ivóª‡K mnvqZv K‡i|
‡mmb yB
gvbevwaKvi Ges Gi gvb`Û
8
2. ¯fvweK / gvbweK AwaKvi
¯^vfvweK AwaKvi‡K gvbweK AwaKvi wKsev GKvš‘ e¨w³MZ AwaKvi ejv nq| Rb¥MZ fv‡eB GB AwaKvi ¸‡jv m„wó nq|
GwU †KD †K‡o wb‡Z cv‡i bv| GwU †Kvb miKvi ev ‡Kvb wbqg ev †Kvb ixwZ ev †Kvb AvB‡bi Øviv ‣Zix bq| GwU
gvbweK AwaKvi †_‡K Av‡m hv mve©Rbxb fv‡e ¯^xK…Z| ¯^vfvweK AvB‡bi †Kvb mxgvbv ev wePvwiK mxgve×Zv †bB| GwU
mve©Rbxb| gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvq ¯^vfvweK AwaKvi GKwU †g․wjK AwaKvi|
L. gvbevwaKvi wK?
gvbevwaKvi mKj gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZv, wePvi Ges kvwšÍi wfwË| gvbevwaKvi mvavi‡bi evuPvi Rb¨ wbb¥Zg `iKvix welq
mgyn‡K mgvbfv‡e mb¥v‡bi mv‡_ cÖwZdwjZ K‡i| gvbevwaKvi mvavi‡Yi ‡eu‡P _vKvi ¯vaxbZv cÖ`vb K‡i| wKfv‡e Zviv
wb‡R‡`i Dc ’vcb Ki‡e †m welq¸‡jv e¨vL¨v K‡i| Ges wK ai‡bi miKvi Zviv mg_©b Ki‡e †m welq mn Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK
welq we‡ePbv K‡i| gvbevwaKvi mvavi‡Yi wbb¥Zg cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v cyi‡Y wbwðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| †hgb: Lv`¨, evm ’vb
Ges wkÿv| G‡Z Z‡i mKj myweavi †fvM Kiv hvq| cwi‡k‡l G ejv hvq †h, ‡eu‡P _vKvi wbðqZv, ¯vaxbZv Ges
wbivcËv cÖ`vb K‡i ÿgZvkxj e¨w³i wbôzi AvPiY n‡Z iÿv K‡i|
RvwZms‡Ni avibv g‡Z, gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q gvbweK Dbœq‡bi `ÿZv Ges gvbweq ¸bvejx †hgb: eyw×gËv, Ávb Ges
m‡PZbZv Ges Zvi Ava¨vwZ¥K Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq mgy‡ni wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| gvbevwaKvi gvbweK Ges
AvBbMZ gyj¨‡eva hv miKvi‡K `vqe× n‡Z ¯^xKvi K‡i| GwU gvbevwaKvi‡K wb‡`©k K‡i:
- AvšÍ©RvwZK ¯^xK…wZ
- AvBbMZ myiÿv
- gvbexq gh©v`v‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i
- e¨w³ Ges `j‡K iÿv K‡i
- ivóªxq †Kvb euvav Ges miKvix Kg©KZ©v‡`i Zz‡j a‡i
- GwU †KD wQwb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i bv
- GwU mgvb Ges G‡K A‡b¨i cÖwZ wbf©ikxj
- mve©Rbxb
GwU D‡jøL¨ †h, gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q mKj e¨w³i ev `‡ji iÿv KeP (AvB‡bi kvmb)| cÖ_gZ: GwU †Kvb e¨w³ ev `‡ji
weiæ‡× miKv‡ii ÿgZv‡K wbqš¿b K‡i| gvbevwaKvi ‡mme AwaKvi‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i hv miKv‡ii †Kvb KvR ‡Kvb e¨w³i
AwaKvi‡K f½ K‡i| gvbevwaKvi †Kvb e¨w³ ev †Kvb iv÷ª Gi m¤úK© Ges e¨w³‡`i wb‡R‡`i ga¨Kvi m¤úK© •Zix‡Z
mnvqZv K‡i| †hgb: ‡e‡Pu _vKvi AwaKvi n‡”Q hv †Kvb ivóª‡K (AvBb, cÖkvmwbK wKsiv wePvwiK) wel‡q †Kvb e¨w³i
wePvi ewn©f~Z nZ¨v, kvw¯Í, AvZ¥nbb ev †Kvb iv÷ªxq ms¯’v ev †Kvb e¨w³i Øviv wbiæ‡Ïk n‡Z eva¨ Kiv, Gme wel‡q
miKvi‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc wb‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
gyj Dcv`vb
wPÎ - 1: gvbevwaKv‡ii ‣ewkó¨
¯^vfweK hv †`Lv hvq bv
gvbevwaKvi
mb¥v‡bi mv‡_ evuPv
hv †`Lv hvq bv mve©Rbxb
9
gvvbevwaKvi n‡”Q hv KvD‡K †`qv hvqbv, hv ‡Kbv hvq bv, hv AR©b Ki‡Z nq ev Rb¥MZfv‡e ‣Zix nq| KviY Zviv
mvaviYfv‡eB GKRb gvbyl| Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Rb¥MZfv‡eB GwU enb K‡i| GwU GKRb gvbyl R‡b¥i mv‡_ mv‡_ wb‡q
Av‡m|
gvbevwaKvi mK‡ji Rb¨ mgvb| wj½, ag©, RvwZ, ivR‣bwZK ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨vL¨v, ‡`k ev mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb‡K mgvbfv‡e
†`‡L| Avgiv mK‡jB mgvb gh©`v Ges AwaKvi wb‡q Rb¥MÖnY Kwi| gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q mve©Rbxb| gvbevwaKvi c„w_exi
mK‡ji Rb¨ mgvb|
gvbevwaKvi †KD †K‡o wb‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb Kvi‡Y KvD‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| RbM‡bi gvbevwaKvi †Kvb
†`‡ki AvBb Øviv ¯^xK…wZ cÖvß| ‡KD hLb gvbevwaKvi f½ K‡i, †hgb: `vmZ¡, `vm‡`i AwaKvi f½ n‡jI Zviv AwaKvi
f‡½i Rb¨ mnvqZv cv‡e| gvbevwaKvi wQbœ Kiv hvq bv|
gh©v`vi mv‡_ evuPv| gvbevwaKvi ¯^vaxbZv, wbivcËv Ges evuPvi Rb¨ †kvfbxq HK¨gZ, hv †KD wQwb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i bv|
M. HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Ges gvbevwaKv‡ii Dbœqb
gvbevwaKvi GKwU avibv hv gvbe BwZnvm‡K mve©ÿwbKfv‡e weKvk Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| GwU AvBb, cÖ_v Ges ag© Øviv
mKj‡K eva¨ K‡i| AwaKvi 4000 eQi c~‡e© †ewewjqvb‡`i Øviv cÖwZôZ n‡qwQj| †ewewjqvi ivRv nvgyivwe wKQz AvBb
cÖbqb K‡iwQj hv nvgyivwe †KvW bv‡g cwiwPZ| gvbevwaKvi †Kvb D`vniY ev AvBbMZ fv‡e ¯^xK…Z A‡h․w³K cjvqb
Ges kvw¯Í †_‡K iÿv K‡i|
c„w_ex‡Z mKj ag© gvbevwaKvi‡K mg_©b K‡i| ZvB GUv ¯^vfvweK AvBb Gi `vk©wbK avibv Ges cªvPxb wPšÍv Øviv ¯^xK…Z|
wKQz MªxK Ges †ivgvb `vk©wbK wPšÍv‡_‡K ¯vfvweK AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ nq| MÖxK `vk©wbK ‡cø‡Uv (L„x:c~: 427-348) ¯^vfvweK
AvB‡bi myPx cÖbqb K‡ib| hv mve©Rbxb fv‡e cÖK„wZK AvBb‡K gvb¨ K‡i| †hgb: Ck¦i mKj‡K kvmb K‡i| †ivg †hLv‡b
wePvcwZ Djwcqvb wek¦m Ki‡Zb cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³i B cªvK…wZK / ¯^vfvweK AvBb Av‡Q| ‡m e¨w³ †iv‡g evm KiæK Avi bvB
KiæK|
wPÎ - 2: gvbevwaKvi Gi cwieZ©b: GK bR‡i
cÖPxb hyM
ga¨ hyM
eZ©gvb hyM
cÖPxb hyM
ga¨ hyM
eZ©gvb hyM
‣bwZKZv
bxwZ mgyn
ev Íe AvPiY
Kvib
cÖvK…wZK AwaKvi
‡h․wZKZv
gvbevwaKv‡ii bxwZmgyn
cÖvK…„wZK AvB‡bi
bxwZmgyn
mve©Rbxxb AvB‡bi bxwZ
10
ga¨eZ©x hy‡M Ges Zvi cieZx© †iu‡bmv hy‡M e¨w³i mvgvwRK AwaKvi‡K Lªxwóq PvP© cÖavb kw³ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| GKRb
e¨w³i AwaKvi‡K bw_e×Kiv †hgb: g¨vMbv KvUv© (1215), `¨v wcwUkb Ae ivBU (1628), `¨v BDGm KÝwUwUDkvb
(1787), `¨v †d«Ý wWK¬v‡ikb Ae `¨v ivBUm„ Ae g¨vb GÛ Ae `¨v wmwU‡Rb (1789), GÛ `¨v BDGm wej Ae ivBm&
(1791) AvR‡Ki hy‡MI gvbevwaKv‡ii `wjj wnmv‡e Mbbv K‡i|
xe„wUk g¨vMbv KvU©v (1215)
g¨vMbv KvU©v n‡”Q GKwU `wjj hv‡Z Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv Rb (1166-1216) ¯^vÿi K‡i| ivRv Rb PvU©v‡i ¯vÿi K‡iwQj
KviY GwU kw³kvjx gš¿xcwil` MVb Ges Bsj¨v‡Ûi ÿgZv Kwg‡q w`‡qwQj| g¨vMbv KvU©v Bs‡iR‡`i AwaKvi Gi Dci
wfwË K‡i cÖwZwôZ| g¨vMbv KvU©v ivRvi kvm‡bi mxgve×Zvi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| 15 Ryb, 1215 Zvwi‡L ivRv Rb g¨vMbv
KvU©vq ¯^vÿi K‡ib|
wcwUkb Ae ivBU (1628)
AwaKvi cÖv_©bv gvbevwaKvi Dbœq‡bi gvBj‡÷vb wnmv‡e ejv hvq| bvMwiK ¯^vaxbZvi K_v wb‡q 1628 mv‡j cÖ_g
Av‡jvPbv nq| m¨vi G‡WvAvW© ‡KvK AwaKvi cÖv_©bv K‡iwQ‡jb hv c~e©eZ©x ÷vwUDU Ges PvUv©i Gi Dci wfwË K‡i •Zix
nq| GwU PviwU bxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i `vwo‡q Av‡Q| h_v:
1. gwš¿cwil‡`i webv AbygwZ‡Z †Kvb U¨v· †`qv hv‡e bv
2. ‡Kvb KviY Qvov KvD‡K AvUK Kiv hv‡e bv (‡nweqvm Kc©vm AwaKv‡ii ¯^vxK…wZ )
3. ‡Kvb mb¨ bvMwiK AwaKvi‡K f½ K‡i bv
4. kvwšÍi mg‡q gvk©vj jÕ e¨envi Kiv nq |
‡d«Ý wWK¬v‡ikb Ae `¨v ivBU Ae g¨vb - 1789
GKRb e¨w³ Ges bvMwiK AwaKvi wb‡q 1789 mv‡ji AvMó gv‡m RvZxq mfvi gva¨‡g †d«Ý wWK¬v‡ikb ïiæ K‡i| †d«Ý
wWK¬v‡ikb †Nvlbv K‡i †h, GB wWK¬v‡ikb Abyhvqx mKj bvMwiK ¯^vaxbZv, m¤úwË. wbivcËv mn mKj wbh©vZb †_‡K iÿv
KeP wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡e| GU AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v wb‡q Gfv‡e ZK© K‡i †h, †Kvb e¨w³i cÖvK…wZK AwaKvi n‡”Q
†Kvb mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡`i GKB AwavKvi †fv‡Mi wbðqZv cÖ`vb| Gfv‡e GB mb`wU AvBb wnmv‡e e¨w³i mvaviY e¨envi‡K
mgvb AwaKvi e‡j DbœZ K‡i Ges †hme Kvh©vejx mgv‡Ri Rb¨ ÿwZKi Zv Ki‡Z eviY K‡i|
GBmb`wU †Kvb e¨w³i †Kvb GKwU AwaKvi ev mK‡ji mgvb AwaKvi‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i| cÖvK…wZK AvB‡bi gZev`, mve©Rbxb
gZev` Ges mKj mg‡q mKj ¯’v‡b g~j¨evb e‡j ¯^xK„wZ †`q| †hgb: mgj gvbyl ¯^vaxbfv‡e Rb¥MÖnY K‡i Ges mgvb
AwaKvi †fvM K‡i|
Av‡gwiKvb wej Ae ivBU 1791
1971 mv‡ji 15 wW‡m¤i hy³iv÷ª `kwU ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g wej Ae ivBUm& e‡j bvg †Nvlbv †`q| wbb¥wjwLZ AwaKvi
Øviv †dW‡ij miKvi Gi AwaKvi‡ii j‡ÿ¨i mxgve×Zvi ms‡kvabx K‡i:
fvlvi ¯vaxbZv, msev`c‡Îi ¯vaxbZ, a‡g©i ¯^vaxbZv Ges Av‡e`b Kivi AwaKvi
A ª enb Ges ivLvi AwaKvi
‣mwbK‡`i AwaKvi¸wj cÖ`vb
Zjøvmx Ges KvD‡K †LvuRvi AwaKvi
mgv‡e‡ki AwaKvi
`ªyZwePvi, ¯^vÿxcÖ`vb/MÖnb, BZ¨vw` Gi AwaKvi
wePvi Kv‡h©i AwaKvi
Rvwg‡bi AwaKvi, K‡Vvi kvw¯Í †_‡K iÿvi AwaKvi
MVbZš¿ MV‡bi wewa
iv‡óªi mvsweavwbK AwaKvi
11
‡Rgm †gwWmb wcZv wnmv‡e Av‡gwiKvi msweavb Ges wej Ae ivBUm ¯§iY K‡i| wZwb wek¦vm K‡ib †h, bvMwi‡Ki wbR
†`‡k I RvZxq miKvi n‡Z wbivcËv cvevi e¨e¯’v _vKv `iKvi| wZwb cÖ_g w`‡K 42 wU AwaKvi hv GKRb e¨w³i
wbivcËv cÖ`vb K‡i †m¸‡jv mwbœweó K‡i| wKš‘ c‡i cªwZwbwa‡`i gva¨‡g 27 wU AwaKvi †Ku‡U †`qv n‡qwQj| Ges Avvviv
12Rb wm‡bU cÖwZwbwa Av‡iv 12 wU AwaKvi †K‡U w`‡qwQ‡jb| Ges miKvi †k‡l 10wU AwaKvi‡K Aby‡gv`b K‡iwQj|
`kwU AwaKvi `kwU ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g wej Ae ivBUm& bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
N. gvbevwaKvi Ges Gi ch©vq mgyn
gyjZ: 1948 mv‡ji gvbevwaKvi mb` GKRb e¨w³i AwaKvi hv †h․_ AwaKvi¸‡jv‡K AvšÍ©RvwZK Ges ¯’vbxq AvBb
wnmv‡e AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i| mve©Rbxb mb` Ges hv gvbevwaKvi‡ii e¨vL¨v Ges Zv‡`i AvBbMZ AwaKvi ªyZ
†e‡o I‡V| AvR, gvbevwaKv‡ii AvšÍ©RvwZK Pzw³¸‡jv hv ‡`‡ki GKwU eo msL¨v‡K gvbevwaKv‡ii g~j myPx wnmv‡e
AwaKv‡ii wZbwU ch©vq‡K ¯xKvi K‡i| h_v:
1. cÖ_g ch©v‡qi AwaKvi: mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi
2. wØZxq ch©v‡qi AwaKvi: A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‥…wZK AwaKvi¸‡jv
3. Z…Zxq ch©v‡qi AwaKvi: Kvivev‡mi AwaKvi
A. AwaKv‡ii cÖ_g ch©vq: bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi
cÖ_g chv©‡qi AwaKvi¸‡jv ïiy nq 17 Ges 18 kZ‡Ki w`‡K| GB AwaKvi ¸‡jvi AwaKvsk ivR‣bwZK m‡PZbZvi Dci
wbf©ikxj| GwU ¯^xKvh© †h, GB mKj ÿgZvkxj †`k wKQz Ki‡Z mg_© bq Ges bvMwiK AwaKvi‡K cwjwmi gva¨‡g mg_©b
K‡i| `ywU ga¨eZ©x avibvi ¯^xKvi cÖ_g ch©v‡qi AwaKvi mgyn‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i| hv n‡”Q:
e¨w³MZ ¯^vaxbZv
ivwóªq AwaKvi f‡½i Rb¨ ‡Kvb e¨w³‡K iÿv K‡i|
‡idv‡iÝ/m~Î:
GLb bvMwiK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi ¸‡jv AvšÍ©RvwZK bvMwiK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi mb‡` (AvBwmwmwcAvi) Ges
gvbevwaKvi Ges †g․wjK ¯vaxbZv welqK BD‡ivwcqvb mb` (BwmGBPAvi).
bvMwiK AwaKvi¸‡jv
GB AwaKvi ¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wb‡Ri Ávb Ges wek¦vm Abymv‡i kvwiixK ev •bwZK wel‡q wb¤œZg myiÿv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
†hgb: mgZv Ges ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKvi, A‡b¨i gZvgZ wKsev ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv Ges KvD‡K nZ¨v bv Kiv wKsev wbh©vZb bv
Kiv|
AvBbMZ AwaKvi¸‡jv
GB AwaKvi¸‡jv mvaviYZ bvMwiK AwaKvi wnmv‡e Mb¨ Kiv nq| Zviv wbqwgZfv‡e RbM‡bi mv‡_ AvBb Ges ivR‣bwZK
wbqg mgyn‡K myiÿv cÖ`vb K‡i| †hgb: wbqg/wePvi ewnf©yZ AvUK, ‡Kvb e¨w³i †`vl cÖgvwbZ nIqv bv ch©šÍ Zv‡K
wb¯úvc fvev Ges Av‡e`b Kivi AwaKvi|
ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi¸‡jv
ivR‣bwZK AwaKviMy‡jv n‡”Q ‡Kvb m¤úª`vq Ges mvgvwRK Kv‡R AskMÖnY Kiv `iKvix Ggb KZ¸‡jv AwaKvi| ‡hgb:
†fv‡Ui AwaKvi, ivR‣bwZK `‡j AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi, ¯^vaxbfv‡e †Kvb mgv‡e‡k AskMÖnY, gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ges Z_¨
msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡ek
HwZnvwmKfv‡e Ges ZvwË¡Kfv‡e, mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi †Kvb e¨w³i †g․wjK gvbevwaKvi‡K myiÿv K‡i| hv
GKwU †`k Ges RvwZi `vwqZ¡ Ges KZ©e¨‡K mygnvb K‡i|
Av.wØZxq ch©v‡qi AwaKvi¸‡jv: A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs Í…wZK AwaKvi¸‡jv
wØZxq ch©v‡qi AwaKvi¸‡jv RbMb wKfv‡e emevm Ki‡e I GK‡Î KvR Kivi mvaviY cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v D‡jøL Ki‡e|
Zviv mgZvi avibv Ges mvgvwRK Ges A_©‣bwZK m¤ú‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, †Kvb KvR Ges my‡hv‡M cÖ‡e‡ki myiÿv cÖ`vb
12
K‡i _v‡K| Zviv AvšÍ©RvwZK ¯^xK…wZ hv cÖ_gw`‡K cÖvwZôvwbK KvR ¸‡jv‡K e„w× Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| G¸wj bZzb Pvwn`v
Ges gh©v`vi mv‡_ bZzb fv‡e †eu‡P avKvi avibv‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i| RbMb GUv ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, gvbweK ghv© v mgv‡Ri Ges
ivRbxwZi b~b¨Zg NvUwZ cyi‡Y cÖ¯Íve K‡i|
myÎ/ †idv‡iÝ
AvBwmwmwcAvi Ges BD‡ivwcqvb †mvmvj PvU©vi hv mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK Ges mvs¯‥…wZK AwaKvi My‡jv‡K mswÿß AvKv‡i
cÖKvk K‡i|
mvgvwRK AwaKvi¸‡jv
GB AwaKviMy‡jv mvgvwRK Kv‡R c~b© AskMÖnY Kivi Rb¨ `iKvix| GB AwaKvi¸‡jv wkÿvi AwaKvi Ges GKwU cwievi
MVb Ges cwievi‡K wbq ¿b Kiv‡K hy³ K‡i| wKš‘ wKQz mvgwRK AwaKvi †hgb: we‡bv`b, ¯v¯’ myiÿv Ges •el‡g¨ bv Kiv
Ges †MvcbxqZv iÿv Kiv|
A_©‣bwZK AwaKvi¸‡jv
GB AwaKvi¸‡jv Kv‡Ri mgg~j¨ cÖ`v‡bi AwaKvi¸‡jv‡K mshy³ K‡i| ‡mBmv‡_ fvjfv‡e †eu‡P _vKv, Aemi MÖnY Ges
mvgvwRK wbivËvi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| A_©‣bwZK AwaKvi gvbyy‡li gh©v`vi Rb¨ byb¨Zg myiÿv cÖ`vb Kivi
AwaKvi‡K cÖwZdjb K‡i|
mvs¯‥…wZK AwaKvi
GB AwaKvi¸wj mvs¯‥…wZK myiÿv Ges Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ wevfbœ AwaKvi mgyn‡K jÿ¨ K‡i MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU
RbM‡bi mvs¯‥…wZK AwaKvi mgyn‡K myiÿv K‡i| mvs¯‥…wZK AwaKv‡ii myweav, ¯^vfvweK wiwZ bxwZ, mvs¯‥…wZK myiÿv Ges
gvZ„fvlvq K_v ejvi AwaKvi Gi wkÿvi fvM mgyn hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi, ‡h me AwaKvi msK…wZK AwaKvi
f~³ bq ‡mme AwaKvi mgyn †hgb: •elg¨ nxbZv Ges AvB‡bi †Pv‡L mK‡j mgvb †mwelq¸‡jv‡K mshy³ K‡i|
B. Z…Zxq ch©v‡qi AwaKvi¸‡jv: mwjwWUvwi AwaKvi¸‡jv
Z…Zxq ch©v‡qi AwaKvi¸‡jv hv mgvR ev RbM‡bi Rb¨ wKQz AwaKvi msMÖn K‡i| GUv cªwZwU e¨w³i AwaKvi¸‡jvi myweav
cÖ`vb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv Ges c„w_exi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` mgyn hv A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb, e„w× Ges
A_©bxwZ‡K bZzbfv‡e Kv‡P jvMv‡bvi wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| †hgb: Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ m¤ú` Ges GKwU my¯’ cwi‡ek Gi
AwaKvi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Kiv|
‡idv‡iÝ / myÎ:
1986 mv‡j msKwjZ RwZmsN mvaviY cwil` KZ…©K †lvwlZ Dbœq‡bi AwaKvi mb` (AviwUwW)
Dbœq‡bi AwaKvi n‡”Q †mme AwaKvi hv gvby‡li cÖwZwU g~j¨‡eva Ges mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‥…wZK Ges A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb hv mK‡ji gvbevwaKvi Ges †g․wjK AwaKvi Gi ¯^vaxbZv‡K
Dcjwã Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| RvwZmsN Dbœq‡bi AwaKvi mb` Gi Aby‡”Q` - 1
O. gveevwaKv‡ii gvb`Û
13
A.AvšÍ©RvwZK gvb`‡Û gvbevwaKv‡ii Drm
1948 mv‡ji 10 wW‡m¤i AvšÍ©RvwZK gvbevwaKvi Gi mb` mKj RvwZi mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ ‡g․wjK AwaKv‡ii gvb`Û
cÖ`vb K‡i| GB gvb`Û cÖv_wgK fv‡e wKQz AwaK‡ii cwiPq K‡i| †hgb:
gvbevwaKvi Ges †g․wjK AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q`: 1-2)
mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q`: 3 - 21)
A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‥„wZK AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` 22-27)
myk„s&Lj I mvgvwRK fv‡e emevm Ges AšÍe©Zx Av‡`k (Aby‡”Q` 28-30)
hw`I Gi Rb¨ †Kvb AvBbMZ eva¨evaKZv †bB| wKš‘ RvwZms‡Ni mKj iv‡óªB AwaKv‡ii welq mgyn Zv‡`i mK‡ji
gvbevwaKvi Ge eva¨evaKZv MÖnb K‡i‡Q| Kvib: gvbevwaKvi mb` GwU wb‡ ©k K‡i †h,
ÒmKj gvbyl ¯^vaxbfv‡e Rb¥MÖnY K‡i (Aby‡”Q` - 1) Ges GB mb` Abymv‡I mK‡j mvgb AwaKvi ‡fvM K‡i| eb©, RvwZ,
wj½, fvlv, ivR‣bwZK ev Zv‡`i gZvgZ mgyn RvwZ ev mvgvwRK Drm, m¤ú`, Rb¥ ev Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡q Zv‡`i cv_K©¨ Kiv
hv‡e bv| (Aby‡”Q` - 2)Ó
gvbevwaKvi mb` RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ iv‡÷ªi mKj e¨w³i Rb¨ wbb¥wjwLZ welq mgyn ¯xKvi K‡i:
Aby‡”Q` - 1 mgZvi AwaKvi (mK‡j ¯^vaxb I mgvb ghv© vi AwaKvix n‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡i)
Aby‡”Q` -2 ‣elg¨nxbZv (GB m`b †Kvb cv_©K¨ QvovB cÖ‡Z¨‡K GKB AwaKvi Ges ¯vaxbZv w`‡q _v‡K|)
Aby‡”Q` - 3 ‡eu‡P _vKvi AwaKvi, ¯^vaxbZv Ges GKRb e¨w³i wbivcËvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 4 `vmZ¡ †_‡K gyw³i AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 5 wbh©vZb A_ev wbôziZv, AgvbweK A_iv Lvivc AvPiY ev kvw¯Í cÖ`vb n‡Z myiÿvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 6 gvbyl wnmv‡e AvBbx ¯xK…wZ
Aby‡”Q` - 7 †Kvb cÖKvi •elg¨ Qvov AvB‡bi mvg‡b mgvb Ges GKB ai‡bi AvBbx wbivcËvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 8 Kvh©Ki cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ RvZxq UªvBeybvj
Aby‡”Q` - 9 wbwe©Pv‡I AvUK, kvw¯Í ev wbe©vmb †_‡K gyw³i AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` -10 ¯^vaxb I wbi‡cÿ UªvBeybv‡ji gva¨‡g myôz I cÖKv‡k¨ ïbvbx Kivi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 11 MbAv`vj‡Z †Kvb e¨w³i wePvi bv nIqv ch©šÍ wb¯úvc avibv Kivi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 11/2 AZx‡Z N‡U hvIqv NUbv hv AvBb Øviv evwiZ Zvi †_‡K gyw³i AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 12 ‡MvcbxhZv, cwievi, M„n Ges †hvMv‡hv‡Mi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 13/1 mgv‡e‡ki ¯vaxbZv Ges cÖwZwU ‡`‡ki mxgvbvi g‡a¨ emev‡mi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 12/2 wbR †`‡k n‡Z Ab¨‡`‡k hvIqv Ges †`‡k wd‡i Avmv mn †`k Z¨v‡Mi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 14 cjvq‡bi Rb¨ Ab¨‡`‡k Av¯ªq MÖnY Kivi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 15 RvZxqZv Ges RvvwZqZv cwieZ©b Kivi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 16 weevn Ges cwiivi M‡V‡bi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 17 wb‡Ri m¤úwËi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` -18 wPšÍv, we‡eK Ges ag©xq ¯vaxZbZv AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 19 gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki ¯vaxbZv
Aby‡”Q` - 20 kvw¯Íc~b© mgv‡e‡ki AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 21 miKvi MV‡b AskMÖnY Ges webvg~‡j¨ wbev©P‡bi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 22 mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 23 Kv‡Ri ¯vaxbZv, Kg©ms¯’vb Ges mgvb Kv‡R mgvb g~‡j¨i AwaKvi
14
Aby‡”Q` - 24 we¯ªvg Ges Aem‡ii AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 25 mv ’¨Ki cwievi MV‡b wbR I cwiev‡ii gv‡bvbœq‡bi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 26 wkÿvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 27 mvs¯‥…wZK Rxe‡b AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 28 mvgvwRK Ges AvšÍ©RvwZK Av‡`‡ki AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 29 ‡Mvwôi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wel‡q ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` - 30 ivóª †Mvwô ev e¨w³ ¯vaxbZvi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i
GwU D‡jøL Kiv hvq †h, gvbevwaKvi mb` wQj RvwZms‡Ni GKwU m`b hv wKbv mKj m`m¨ iv÷ª‡K AvBbMZfv‡e eva¨
K‡ibv | 1948 †_‡K 1966 mvj ch©šÍ RvwZms‡Ni gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb AvšÍ©RvwZKfv‡e gvbevwaKvi myiÿv welqK AvBb
cÖavb welq Ges Gi MVb hv ev¯Íevqb Ges e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| d‡j, gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb 1966 mv‡ji yBwU cÖavb
AwaKvi m¤^wjZ Pzw³ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
‡m¸wj n‡”Q:
1. mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi m¤^wjZ AvšÍ©RvwZK Pzw³; Ges
2. A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‥…wZK AwaKvi m¤^wjZ AvšÍ©RvwZK Pzw³
`ywU AvšÍ©RvwZK AvBbB 1976 mv‡j ‣Zix n‡q‡Q| GB `ÕywU Pzw³B (`yÕwU †cÖv‡UvKj mn) GK‡Î gvbevwaKv‡ii mv‡_ hy³
n‡q ÒAvšÍ©RvwZK wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBmÓ bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
A. mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi m¤^wjZ AvšÍ©RvwZK Pzw³ (AvBwmwmwcAvi), 1966
GB Pzw³mgyn RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil` KZ…©K 1966 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤i M„wnZ nq Ges 1966 mv‡ji 23 gvP© GwU
Kh©µg ïiæ K‡i| †kl ch©v‡q, 2001 mv‡j 147 wU †`k GB Pzw³wU Aby‡gv`b K‡i| 6 †m‡Þ¤^i 2000 evsjv‡`k GwU‡Z
ms‡Rvhb K‡i| mvavibfv‡e ejv hvq, mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK ¯^vaxbZv hv gvbevwaKv‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ K‡i (Aby‡”Q` -
3- 21) hv c‡i GB mb‡` hy³ K‡i| GB m`bwU 53 Aby‡”Q` Ges 6 wU fv‡M wef³| AwaKv‡ii kZ© mgyn ZvwjKv cÖbqb
K‡i cvU© - 1, 2, 3 hv AwaKv‡ii cÖfve evšÍevq‡bi c×wZ‡K Dcjwã K‡i|
Aby‡”Q` - 1 wb‡ ©k K‡i †h,
o cÖwZwU e¨w³i e¨w³MZ wm×všÍ †bevi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| AwaKv‡ii ¸b n‡”Q ¯^vaxbfv‡K ivR‣bwZK Ae¯’vb Ges
¯^vaxbfv‡e A_©‣bwZKfv‡e, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‥…wZK Dbœqb
AvšÍ©RvwZK AwaKvimgy‡ni AvBb
mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK AwaKv‡ii
AvšÍ©RvwZK Pyw³ - 1966 Ges †cÖv‡UvKj
mgyn
A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvsmvK…wZK
Aw_Kv‡ii AvšÍ©RvwZK Pyw³ - 1966 Ges
‡cÖv‡UvKj mgyn
AvšÍR©vwZK gvbevwaKv‡ii mb` - 1948
15
o mKj RbMb Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Kv‡Ri †k‡l, ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` Ges mnvqK ‡Kvb evuav hv wØcvwÿK
myweav Ges AvšÍ©RvwZK AvB‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i AvšÍ©RvwZK m¤úK©| †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi wb‡R‡K AwaKvi n‡Z
ewÂZ K‡i|
o RvwZms‡Ni PvU©vi Gi wewa Abymv‡i iv÷ª Zvi e¨w³i wb‡Ri msK‡íi AwaKvi ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e Ges AwaKvi‡K
m¤§vb cÖ`k© Ki‡e|
Aby‡”Q` 2-5 GKwU iv‡÷ª‡K AwaKvi Ges eva¨evaKZv‡K kZ© Av‡ivc K‡i| GPyw³ AwaKvi cÖwZôvq iv‡÷ªi ‡fZ‡i †Kvb
e¨w³i mb¥vb cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| GB eva¨evaKZv †Kvb `iKvix c`‡ÿc Ges AvBbMZ, wePvwiK, cÖkvmwbK ev
Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi gvÎv wbiæc‡b wb‡ ©kbv `vb K‡i| ivóª bvix-cyiæ‡li mgZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z Zv‡`i mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK
AwaKvi‡K AvBbMZfv‡e eva¨ K‡i|
Aby‡”Q` 6-27 (cvU© - 3) RbM‡bi wbw ©ó mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi¸wj wb¤œiæc:
‡eu‡P _vKvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 6)
AgvbweK Ges AegvbbvKi AvPib n‡Z ev kvw¯Í n‡Z gyw³ (Aby‡”Q` - 7)
`vmZ¡, †Rvo c~e©K kÖg †_‡K gyw³ (Aby‡”Q` - 8)
‡Kvb e¨w³i ¯vaxbZv Ges wbwe©Pv‡e AvUK †_‡K gyw³i AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -9)
AvUK e¨w³i cÖwZ gvbweK AvPi‡Yi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 10)
‡Kvb e¨w³‡K wi‡bi nvZ n‡Z gyw³ (Aby‡”Q` - 11)
¯^vaxbfv‡e PjvPj Ges e¨w³ ¯vaxbZvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 12)
wbwe©Pv‡i ewn¯‥vi ‡_‡K gyw³i AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -13)
AvB‡bi †Pv‡L mgvb AwaKvi, †`vlx cÖgvwbZ bv nIqv ch©šÍ wb‡`v©l Mb¨ Kiv n‡e Ges GKwU wbi‡cÿ UªvBeybv‡ji
gva¨‡g GKwU myôz I cÖKvk¨ ïbvbx
‡d․R`vix AvB‡b bb wi‡UªvGKwUf G Av‡e`b Kivi AwaKvi Av‡Q wKbv (Aby‡”Q` -15)
AvB‡bi †Pv‡L mK‡j mgvb ¯^xK…wK cvevi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -16)
AvB‡bi Kv‡Q mK‡j mgvb wbivcËv Ges †MvcbxqZvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -17)
wPšÍv, we‡eK Ges ag©xq ¯vaxZbZv AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -18)
gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki ¯vaxbZv (Aby‡”Q` -18)
cÖPvibvi mg_©‡b hy× ev RvZxq RvwZMZ A_ev ag©xq N„bvi we‡ivwaZv (Aby‡”Q` -20)
kvw¯Íc~b© mgv‡e‡ki AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -21)
mwgwZ Kivi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -22)
weevn Ges cwiivi M‡V‡bi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -23)
wkï‡`i Rb¨ AwaKvi (Rb¥ wbeÜb, RvZxqZv Ges AcÖv߇`i bvg wnmve ivLv) (Aby‡”Q` - 24)
AwaKvi, RbM‡bi †fv‡U AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi Ges miKvix PvKyix‡Z wbe©wPZ nevi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -25)
AvB‡bi Kv‡Q mK‡j mgvb I wbivcËvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 26)
ag©xq `‡ji m`m¨, RvwZ Ges fvlvi AwaKvi, ms¯‥…wZ, ag© cvjb Ges Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i fvlvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q`
- 27)
GLv‡b GUv D‡jø_¨ †h, mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi (Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ) ¸wjB me bq Ges †Kvb welq hv AvB‡bi Øviv
wm× Ges RvZxq wbivcËv, RbM‡bi Av‡`k, RbM‡bi mv ’¨ ev A‡b¨i AwaKvi Ges ¯^vaxbZvq myiÿv cÖ`vb Kiv|
†mBmv‡_, Aby‡”Q` 4(2) wKQz AwaKvi hv AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i †hgb: evuPvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 6), AgvbweK AvPiY Ges
wbôzi kvw¯Í n‡Z gyw³ (Aby‡”Q` - 7), `vmZ¡ n‡Z gyw³ (Aby‡”Q` - 8), wi‡bi Rb¨ kvw Í n‡Z gyw³ (Aby‡”Q` - 11),
†d․R`vix AvB‡b c~‡e©B Av‡e`bKvix, AvB‡bi Kv‡Q e¨w³ wnmv‡K ¯^xK„wZ cvevi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 16) Ges wPšÍv,
m‡PZbZv Ges agx©q ¯vaxbZv (Aby‡”Q` - 18)
16
2. A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‥wZ…K AwaKvi m¤ú©KxZ AvšÍ©RvwZK AšÍ©RvwZK Pzw³ (AvBwmBGmwmAvi), 1966
GB Pyw³wU 1966 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤i RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i wewa 2200 G (XXI) Aby‡gv`b jvf K‡iwQj| GwU
1976 mv‡ji 3 iv Rvbyqvix Kvh©Kix n‡qwQj| evsjv‡`k GwU‡K 5 A‡±vei 1998 mv‡j bvg ms‡hvRb K‡i|
g~j welqmgyn
AvBwmBGmwmAvi 31wU Aby‡”Q` Øviv hy³| hv cuvPwU fv‡M wef³| GB Pyw³i mywbw`©ófv‡e cvU© - 1 Ges cvU© - 3 AwaKvi
Øviv Ab¨vb¨ wewamgyn ¸wj wb¤œiæc:
¯-msK‡íi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 1)
Kv‡Ri AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 6)
Kv‡Ri AbyKyj k‡Z©i cÖ‡e‡ki AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` -7)
‡UªW BDwbqb MVb Ges †hvM`v‡bi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 8)
mvgvwRK exgv mn mvgvwRK wbivcËv MÖn‡Yi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 9)
gvZ…Z¡, ‣kke, weevn Ges cwievi MVb m¤ú©wKZ AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 10)
wb‡R‡K Ges Zvi cwiei‡K Ges RxebhvÎvi ch©vß gvb ÿzav †_‡K gy³ nevi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 11)
kvixwiK Ges gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’¨I m‡eŸv”P AwaMg¨ gvb igb Kivi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 12)
wkÿvi AwaKvi, webvg~‡j¨ eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wkÿvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 13)
ms¯‥…wZK Rxe‡bi Ask ‡bevi AwaKvi Ges †eÁvwbK AMÖMvwZi mydj †fvM Kivi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 15)
ivóxq eva¨evaKZv
AvBwmBGmwmAvi 1966 mv‡j ivóªxq eva¨evaKZv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i hv Aby‡”Q` - 2 †Z eb©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| iv÷ª‡K G Pzw³
AvBbMZfv‡e eva¨ K‡i †h, iv‡÷ªi †fZ‡i mev©waK cÖvß mnvqK, A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‥…wZK fv‡e ¯^xK…wZcÖvß
welqMywj c~b© iæ‡c AvB‡bi gva¨‡g eva¨ K‡i| hv, cÖMwZkxj avibv A_©‣bwZKfv‡e, mvgvwRKfv‡e Ges mvs¯‥…wZKfv‡e Aí
mg‡qi g‡a¨ mvavibfv‡e AR©b Kiv hvqbv| GBme Kvi‡Y, mKj †`k GB Pzw³i e‡j c~b© ¯^xK…wZ †`evi Rb¨ `iKvix
c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i| †`k mgyn AvBb cwil`, cÖkvmwbK wefvM, wePvwiK wefvM Ges cÖvK…wZK AvB‡bi Øviv A_©‣bwZK,
mvgvwRK Ges wkÿvi welq mgyn mwVKfv‡e hy³ Ki‡e|
cÖZMwZkxj AR©b ivóªxq mnvqK‡K Abymib K‡i bv| wKš‘ Zv‡`i AwaKvi cyi‡Yi Rb¨ ‡Kvb cv_©K¨ bv K‡i mK‡ji
cwiZzwó mg„× cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges Kvh©Ki e¨e¯’vmgyn Kvh©Ki‡Y Av‡iv e„w× Ki‡e| †hme mnvqK cvIqv hvq:
- ‡`‡ki †fZ‡i cÖvß mnvqK
- AvšÍ©RvwZK mn‡hvMxZv Ges mnvqZv
Aby‡”Q` - 2: ivóª KZ©„K AwaKv‡ii ev Íevqb K‡Lv‡bv K‡Lv‡bv AvšÍ mnvqZv Ges AwaKvi e¨env‡ii myweavi †hvM¨Zv‡K
Zz‡j a‡i| KviY, Zviv iv‡÷ªi Dbœqb Kv‡h© cªvß mnvqKmgy‡ni wewfbœ mgm¨v mgyn wewfbœfv‡e e¨enªZ n‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Q|
GB Pzw³ †Kvb AwaKvi‡K ZvrÿwbKfv‡e ev Íevqb Ki‡Y wKQz mxgve×Zv Av‡Q| ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK
Ges mvs¯‥…wZK AwaKvi hv cvIqv hvq Ges evwn¨K mvnvh¨ / mn‡hvMxZv `iKvi| GUv g‡b K‡i †h, cªwZwU iv÷ª wewfbœ
ai‡Yi eva¨evaKZv e¨envi K‡i| †hgb: e¨w³ wb‡Ri Ges Zvi cwiev‡ii Ae¯’v Abymv‡i ch©vß AvevwmK AwaKvi Av‡Q|
(Aby‡”Q` - 11) GwU Av‡iv `iKvix †h, evwn¨K mnvqZv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki wbKUZg Av‡iv wKQz iv‡óªi Kv‡Q †c․uQv‡Z n‡e|
G¸wj hy³ Kiv hvq †h, RvwZms‡Ni cÖ`Ë wKQz Pzw³ Ges mb` †Kvb GKwU we‡kl `j‡K AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i| †hgb: bvix,
wkï, Awffvmb, kvixwiK cÖwZe›`x, Avw`evmx RbMb| evsjv‡`k ¯^vÿi K‡i‡Q GiKg AwaKvsk Pzw³ Ges RvwZms‡Ni
mb` mgyn wb¤œiæc:
- bvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi mwnsmZv we‡jv‡ci mb` (wm‡Wv) (evsjv‡`k ¯vÿi K‡i- 6 b‡f¤i 1984)
17
- wkï AwaKvi mb` (wmAviwm) 1989 (evsjv‡`k cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q AMvó 1990)
- mKj cÖKvi wbh©vZb ev Ab¨vb¨ wbôzi, AgvbweK ev AZ¨šÍ Lvivc AvPi‡bi weiæ‡× AvšÍ©RvwZK mb` (K¨vU)
(evsjv‡`k 5 A‡±vei 1998 mv‡j ¯^vÿi K‡i‡Q|
- mKj cÖKvi eb© •el‡g¨ wb‡iv‡a AvšÍ©RvwZK mb` (AvBwmBAviwW), 1965 (evsjv‡`k 11 Ryb 1979 ¯^vÿi
K‡i‡Q|
- cÖwZew›`‡`i AwaKvi iÿvi Rb¨ mb` (evsjv‡`k 30 b‡f¤i 2007 mv‡j cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q)
- ‣ewk¦K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni KvVv‡gv mb`, 1992 (15 GwcÖj 1994 ¯vÿi K‡i‡Q)
- mKj Awffvmb Kgx© Ges Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii myiÿv Ki‡Yi Rb¨ cÖbxZ mb`, 1990 (evsjv‡`k 7 A‡±vei 1998
mv‡j ¯vÿi K‡i‡Q)
- SzwKc~b© wkï kÖ‡gi weiæ‡× bm`, 1999 (bs - 182) (evsjv‡`k 12 gvP© 2001 mv‡j ¯vÿi K‡i‡Q)
GUv ejv `iKvi †h, evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni GKwU m`m¨ ivóª| RvwZms‡Ni AwaKv‡ii mb‡`i •bwZK eva¨evaKZv Av‡Q|
gvbevwaKvi ev Íevqb cÖv_wgK fv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi ¯^vÿiKvix †`k wnmv‡e RvwZms‡Ni Pyw³ mgyn D‡jøL K‡i‡Q|
bvix‡`i Rb¨ gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb`Û
1945 mvj n‡Z gvbevwaKvi bvixi AwaKvi we‡ePbvq G‡b‡Q (RvwZms‡Ni cÖwZôvKvj n‡Z)| RvwZms‡Ni PvU©vi Gi
gyLe‡× GUv D‡jøL K‡i †h, †g․wjK AwaKvi, ghv© vi AwaKvi Av‡Q Ges gvby‡li g~j¨ Av‡Q Ges bvix - cyiæl mgvb|
Aby‡”Q` - 1 (3) RvwZms‡Ni PvU©vi e¨e¯’v MÖnb K‡i †h, RvwZms‡Ni AwR©Z AvšÍ©RvwZK mn‡hvMxZv A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK,
mvs¯‥…wZK ev gvbweK wPÎ m¤^wjZ AvšÍ©RvwZK mgm¨v wb‡iv‡a cwiKíbv MÖnb K‡i _v‡K| eb©, wj½, fvlv Ges ag©xq
¯^vaxbZv gvbevwaKvi Ges †g․wjK AwaKvi‡K DbœZ I e„w× K‡i| 1948 mv‡j gvbevwaKv‡ii •elg¨nxbZvi bxwZ mgyn Ges
mKj gvbyl ¯^vaxbev‡e Rb¥MÖnY K‡i Ges mgvb ghv© vi AwaKvix Ges mK‡jB mgvb| †hgb: eb©, wj½, fvlv, A_ev ag©,
ivR‣bwZK ev Ab¨vb¨ gZvgZ RvZxq ev mvgvwRK Drm mygM, m¤úwË ev Rb¥ ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwZK…wZ|
AvšÍ©RvwZK cÖwZkªywZ, RvwZmsN 1948 mv‡ji gvbevwaKvi mb‡`i AvšÍ©RvwZKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z wewamgyn wb‡q 7 b‡f¤^i 1967
bvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi •elg¨ `~ixKi‡Yi mb` †Nvlbv Kiv nq| GUv RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ iv‡óªi eva¨evaKZv Qvov AvBbMZ
fv‡e 1979 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡` bvixi weiæ‡× •elg¨ `~ixKiY †Nvlbvi AvBbx ev Íevq‡bi Rb¨ bvixi
weiæ‡× mKj ai‡bi •elg¨ `~ixKiY Gi mb` M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| GwU‡K 1981 mv‡j 3iv †m‡Þ¤i bvix AwaKv‡ii AvšÍ©RvwZK
mb` e‡j †Nvlbv Kiv nh|
wm‡Wv 30wU Aby‡”Q‡`i mgš‡q MwVZ| GwU wZbwU fv‡M wef³:
1. Aby‡”Q` 1-16 : bvix I cyiy‡li gv‡S mgZv
2. Aby‡”Q` 17 - 22 : BDGb wm‡Wv KwgwU Ges Gi wewa mgyn
3. Aby‡”Q` 22 - 30 : Pzw³i cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg
wm‡Wv Gi Aby‡”Q` - 1 bvixi cÖwZ •elg¨ Gi msMv wbb¥wjwLZ welhmgyn hy³ Kiv nq:
bvix I cyiyl mgZvi wfwˇZ Zv‡`i •eevwnK Ae¯’v ev gwnjv‡`i ¯^xK„wZ cª`vb, †Kvb Drm‡e evuav cÖ`vb ev cÖfve we¯Ívi hv
wj‡½i wfwˇZ cÖbxZ †Kvb cv_©K¨, eR©b ev mxgve×Zv Ges ivR‣bwZK, A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‥…wZK, mykxj ev Ab¨
†Kvb †ÿ‡Î †g․wjK ¯vaxbZv cÖ`vb Kiv|
GB Kb‡fbkb / mb‡`i gva¨‡g, hy³ivóª mn mKj †`k bvixi weiæ‡× mKj ai‡Yi •el‡g¨ wbim‡b wb¤œwjwLZ e¨e¯’v MÖnY
K‡i:
- ‡`kmgyn Zv‡`i AvBbx e¨e¯’vq bvix cyiæ‡li mgZvi bxwZ MÖnY Ki‡e| •elg¨g~jK AvBb evwZj Ki‡e Ges
bvixi weiæ‡× ‣elg¨ wbim‡b e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e|
- bvixi weiæ‡× mKj cÖKvi •elg¨ `~ixKi‡Y wUªvBeybvj Ges Ab¨vb¨ miKvix cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb K‡i Kvh©Ki myiÿv
wbwðZKiY
- e¨w³, cÖwZôvb ev D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g bvixi weiy‡× •elg¨ gyjK mKj KvR eR©b wbwðZKiY
18
- wm‡Wv‡Z bvix‡`i AwaKvi welqK wewa
Aby‡”Q` - 3: mgZv
Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î bvix cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ mgZv Av‡Q| ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK Ges mvs¯‥…wZK †ÿ‡Î bvixi mgZv
wbiæc‡g e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aby‡”Q` - 3: A ’vqx we‡kl e¨e¯’v
bvixi mgZv wbiæc‡g A ’vqx we‡kl e¨e¯’v ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aby‡”Q` - 5: Kzms¯‥vi
mKj †`k ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, wj‡½i wfw³‡Z †Kvb e¨w³i byb¨Zv ev †kÖôZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Abygv‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i †Kvb wbqg
ms‡kvab ev ev` w`‡Z n‡e|
Aby‡”Q` - 6: bvix cvPvi `gb
¯^vÿiKvix †`k mgyn bvix cwZZve„wË I cvPvi `gb Kivi Rb¨ c`‡ÿc wb‡Z ivRx nq|
Aby‡”Q` - 7: ivR‣bwZK I mvaviY Rxeb
‡fvU, miKvix Kg©‡ÿ‡Î bvixi Ae¯’vb Ges mykxj mgv‡P bvixi mgvb AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi Av‡Q|
Aby‡”Q` - 8: AvšÍ©RvwZK KvR
‡Kvb cÖKvi •elg¨ Qvov AvšÍ©RvwZK ch©v‡q KvR Kivi AwaKvi Av‡Q|
Aby‡”Q` - 9: RvZxqZv
bvixi AR©b cwieZ©b ev RvZxqZv ev Zv‡`i mšÍvb‡`i a‡i ivLv cyiæ‡li mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q|
Aby‡”Q` - 9: wkÿv
bvix ¯‥z‡ji mgvb cÖ‡ekvwaKvi, e„wËg~jK cÖwkÿb Ges ¯‥jvikx‡ci my‡hvMmn wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î cyiæ‡li mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q|
Aby‡”Q` - 11: PvKwi
bvixi •eevwnK Ae¯’v ev cÖmywZ Kvjxb myweav mn mKj cÖKvi mgvb AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
Aby‡”Q` - 12: ¯v¯’¨
bvixi mvkÖqx g~‡j¨ ¯v ’¨ †mevi AwaKvi Av‡Q|
Aby‡”Q` - 13: A_©‣bwZK Ges mvgvwRK Rxeb
bvixi cwievwiK myweav, Avw_©K wib Ges we‡bv`bg~jK Kg©Kv‡Û AskMÖnY Kivi mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q:
K) cvwievwiK myweavi AwaKvi
L) e¨vsK wib, eÜKx Ges Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi Av‡Q
M) we‡bv`bg~jK Kvh©µg, µxov I mvs¯‥…wZK Rxe‡b mKj ¯’v‡b AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi Av‡Q|
Aby‡”Q` - 14: MÖvgxb bvix
MÖvgxb bvix‡`i ch©vß evm ’vb, Dbœqb cwiKíbvq AskMÖnY Ges ¯^v‡¯’¨i hZœ Ges wkÿv Mªn‡Yi AwaKvi Av‡Q|
Aby‡”Q` - 15: AvB‡bi mvg‡b mgZv
AvB‡bi „wó‡Z bvix Ges cyiæl mgvb| bvixi Pzw³, m¤úwË, Ges evm ’v‡bi AvBbMZ AwaKvi Av‡Q|
19
Aby‡”Q`e - 16: weevn Ges cwievi MVb
bvixi weevn Ges cwievi MVb msµvšÍ wel‡q cyiæ‡li mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q|
K) weev‡ni mgvb AwaKvi
M) weevn Ges Zvjv‡Ki mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q
P) AwffveKZ¡, cve©‡b AskMÖnY, Ges wkky cvj‡bi `vwqZ¡ Ges AwaKvi Av‡Q|
bvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi •elg¨ wb‡iv‡ai mb‡` ‡fvU †`qv wKsev wbe©vP‡b `vuov‡bvi AwaKvi Av‡Q| †hgb: wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨ I
DשZb ch©v‡q bvix‡`i mgvb my‡hvM myweav wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mvaviY Rxeb, mgvb my‡hvM cª`v‡bi Rb¨ wbwðZ e¨e¯’v
ivL‡Z ivóª mgyn m¤§Z nb| GB mb‡`i gva¨‡g ivó mgyn‡K bvix‡`i gvbevwaKvi I †g․wjK ¯^vaxbZv †fvM Kivi Rb¨
AvBb •Zix I A ’vqx we‡kl e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ ivóª mKj‡K Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv nq|
GQvov, wm‡Wv bvixi cÖRbb AwaKvi Ges wj½ f~wgKv wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ges cwiev‡ii m¤úK© wbb©q Ges ms¯‥…wZ Ges
HwZn¨MZ cÖfvekvjx evwnbx hv gvbevwaKvi iÿvq f~wgKv iv‡L Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z Pzw³ nq| GB Pzw³ bvixi gvbevwaKvi
AR©b Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| bvixi RvZxqZv Ges Zv‡`i wkï‡`i RvwZqZv AR©b, cwieZ©b ev a‡i ivL‡Z wbðqZv `vb
K‡i| ivóª mgyn bvix I Zv‡`i cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi wbh©vZb / †kvlb mn me ai‡bi AgvbbvKi wbh©vZb m¤ú‡K© e¨e¯’v MÖnY
Ki‡Z m¤§Z nb| ZvQvov bvixi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi •elg¨ m„wó‡Z AvBbMZ evuav Ges ivóª mgyn Pzw³i mKj Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx
kZ© mgyn †g‡b wb‡q cÖwZ Pvi eQi AšÍi RvZxq wi‡cvU© Rgv w`‡Z cÖwZkÖywZe× nq|
wkï‡`i Rb¨ gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb`Û
1924 mv‡ji jxM Ae b¨vkbm Øviv ¯^xK…Z wkï‡`i AwaKv‡ii •ewkó¨¸wj ‡R‡bfv †Nvlbvi gva¨‡g e¨enªZ nq| GB
‡Nvlbvi gva¨‡g wkïi ¯^vfvweK weKvk, ÿzavZ© wkïi weKvk, ¯^v¯’¨ †mev, AbMÖmi wkïi AwaKvi cÖwZôvq `vex, Amy¯’
wkïi AwaKvi cÖwZôvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wbb©‡q Av¯ªq MÖnYI ‡kvlb †_‡K iÿv Kivi AwaKvi mn Abv_ wkï‡`i Rb evm ’vb
Ges ¯^v¯’¨ †mev MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wkï AwaKvi wb‡ ©k cÖ`vb K‡i|
1948 mv‡ji gvbevwaKvi mb` Gi Aby‡”Q` 25 (2) Gi gva¨g •kk‡e wkïi hZœ Ges mnvqZv cvevi AwaKvi wbwðZ
nq| gvbevwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i RvwZms‡Ni AwaKv‡ii mve©RbxZv, we‡kl myiÿvi AwaKvi Ges AwaKvi mn
wkï‡`i AwaKvi iÿvi Rb¨ `kwU bxwZ hv wkï AwaKvi †Nvlbvi gva¨‡g M„nxZ nq| GB †Nvlbvi Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni †Kvb
AvBbx evuav †bB| Z‡e GUv mwZ¨ †h, 1990 mv‡a wkï AwaKv‡ii Rb¨ RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi †Nvlbv K‡i|
wkï AwaKvi mb` Abyhvqx Aby‡”Q` 54 ‡K wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v:
wm‡Wv‡Z bvix Dbœqb welqK evsjv‡`‡ki evuavmgyn
evsjv‡`k 1984 mv‡ji 6 b‡f¤^i wm‡Wv mb‡`i Aby‡”Q` 2, 13 (1)(K), 16 (M) Ges (P) ms‡kvlb K‡i|
bvix‡`i welq m¤wjZ mvgvwRK Kvh©µg Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wm‡Wv mb‡`i Aby‡”Q` 2, 13 (1)(K), 16 (M) Ges (P)
AvcwË evsjv‡`‡k G‡Lv‡bv weivRgvb| Aby‡”Q` yÕwU wb¤œiæc:
o Aby‡”Q` 2 †Z mvsweavwbK AvBb, AvBbcÖbqb Ges AvB‡bi wewamgyn •el‡g¨i weiy‡× mKj AwaKvi
eySvq; Ges
o Aby‡”Q` 16-1 (M) hv weevn Ges weevn msµvšÍ mKj welq wb¯úwˇZ bvixi mgvbvwaKvi wb‡`©k K‡i|
RvwZms‡Ni m‡ev©”P chv©‡q wm‡Wv mb‡`i G ywU Aby‡”Q` g~j weavb wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq| Z‡e, evsjv‡`k
miKvi cweÎ †Kvivb Ges mybœvni Dci wfwË K‡i we‡ewPZ e‡j ag©xq ¯^xgve×Zv wnmv‡e AvcwË Rvbvq|
20
GKwU wkï n‡”Q GKRb gvbyl hvi eqm 18 eQ‡ii wb‡P Ges AvBbMZ fv‡e ‡h wkï wnmv‡e ¯vxK„Z |
wmAviwm wbb¥wjwLZ welq mgyn ¯^„K„wZ cÖ`vb K‡i:
•elg¨nxbZv (Aby‡”Q` - 2)
evuPvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 6)
RvZxqZv Mªn‡Yi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 7)
gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯vaxbZv (Aby‡”Q` - 13)
wPšÍv , we‡eK Ges ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv (Aby‡”Q` - 14)
wkïi msMVb Kiv Ges kvwšÍc~b© mgv‡e‡ki Kivi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 15)
AvB‡b Zvi ev Zvi †MvcbxqZv, cwievi ev wPwVc‡Îi m‡½ Aeva ev †eAvBbx n ͇ÿc Gi weiæ‡× AvBbMZ
myiÿvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 16)
RvZxq Ges AvšÍ©RvwZK Z_¨ my‡Îi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q (Aby‡”Q` - 17)
we‡klfv‡e myiÿv Ges mnvqZvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 20)
gvbwmKfv‡e ev kvixwiKfv‡e cÖwZewÜ wkïi c~b© Ges kvjxb AwaKvi i‡q‡Q (Aby‡”Q` - 23)
wkïi ¯^v ’¨ Ges wPwKrmv mn cyb©evmb Kivi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 24)
wkïi mvgvwRK exgv mn mvgvwRK wbivcËv †_‡K jvfevb nevi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 26)
wkïi kvwiixK, gvbwmK, Ava¨vwZ¥K, •bwKe Ges mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ch©vß RxebhvÎi gv‡bvbœq‡bi AwaKvi
(Aby‡”Q` - 27)
wkÿvi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 28)
wkïi wekÖvg, Aemi, †Ljv Ges we‡bv`bg~jK Kvh©µ‡g wb‡qvwRZ nevi AwaKvi Av‡Q (Aby‡”Q` - 31)
wkïi A_©‣bwZK †kvlY I wec¾bK / ÿwZKi KvR ‡_‡K iÿv Kivi AwaKvi Av‡Q (Aby‡”Q` - 23)
wkïi wbh©vZb I Ab¨vb¨ wbôzi, AgvbweK ev AegvbbvKi AvPiY A_ev kvw¯Í n‡Z iÿv Kivi AwaKvi Av‡Q
(Aby‡”Q` - 37)
11. RvZxq wewamgy‡n gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb`Û
evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb
1972 mv‡a evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb iwPZ nq, hv gvbevwaKvi iÿvi GKwU †g․wjK DcKiY| 1948 mv‡ji gvbevwaKvi
mb‡`i mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b †g․wjK AwaKviMy‡jv mywPZ nq| evsjv‡`‡k 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡bi
Ask - `yB Ges Ask - wZb G G¸wj mwbœ‡ewkZ nq, hv ivóªxq fv‡e A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‥…wZK AwaKv‡ii weavb
¯^xK…Z| GUv ivóªxq g~jbxwZ Ges bvMwiK Kj¨v‡b wb‡qvwRZ|
‡hgb:
1948 mv‡ji gvbevwaKvi `wj‡j Aby‡”Q` - 26 G D‡jøwLZ wkÿvi AwaKvi ¯^xK…Z| AvBwmwmwcAvi Gi Aby‡”Q` 13 Ges
14 Ges wmAviwm 28 G wkïi wkÿvi AwaKvi hv wkï AwaKv‡ii g~j welq †mwU evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` - 15 (K)
Ges Aby‡”Q` - 17 †Z g~jbxwZ e‡j iwPZ n‡q‡Q|
Aby: 15 (K): ivóª‡i `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q Zvi bvMwi‡Ki Lv`¨, em&ª, wkÿv Ges wPwKrmvi
AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv
Aby: 17: iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ n‡”P wkïi webvg~‡j¨ eva¨Zvg~jK wkÿvi AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv
21
wbivcËvi AwaKvi, hv gvbevwaKvi mb‡`i Aby‡”Q` - 22 Ges 25 †k, AvBwmwmwcAvi Gi Aby‡”Q` 9 M„wnZ n‡q‡Q| Ges
wmBGbwmAvi Gi mvaviY †Nvlbv bvs- 19, Aby‡”Q` 26 Ges wmAvi wm Gi Aby‡”Q` bs 27 G D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki
Aby‡”Q` bs 15 (K) Ges (N) hv wKbv iv‡óªi g~jbxwZ wnmv‡e cwiwPZ|
‡mBmv‡_, Kv‡Ri AwaKvi, mgvb gRywii AwaKvi Ges Kv‡Ri my¯’¨ cwi‡e‡ki AwaKvi evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi †g․wjK
AwaKvi bq wKš‘ iv‡óªi g~j bxwZ wnmv‡e evsjv‡`k msweav‡b mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| AvšÍ©RvwZK gvbevwaKvi AvB‡bi
eva¨evaKZv ms‡M m¤ú~b©iæ‡c †g‡b Pj‡Z mvsweavwbK myweav i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b †Rvov‡jvfv‡e AvBbMZ wbðqZv Ges Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g ejer‡hvM¨ 18wU †g․wjK AwaKvi
(Aby‡”Q` 27 †_‡K Aby‡”Q` 44 ch©šÍ) AwaKvi‡ii weavb i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k GB 18wU †g․wjK AwaKvi ev` w`‡q 12 wU
AwaKv‡ii weavb mn 6 wU †g․wjK AwaKvi mn mKj bvMwiK‡K AwaKvi cÖ`vb Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` -
44 G cÖ‡`q mvsweavwbK AwaKvi ejer Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡”Q` 102 †Z ÿgZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov, mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i
wbw`©ó Av‡`k I wbe©vnq wb‡ ©k Rvwi Kivi ÿgZv i‡q‡Q| AvBbmfv †g․wjK AwaKvi ejer Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v
MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
o ‡g․wjK AwaKvi jsNb Ki‡j bvMwiK cÖwZKvi `vex Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Ges Av`vjZ Øviv cybivq AR©b Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
o †hmKj AvBb‡K AmvsweavwbK wnmv‡e †Nvlbv K‡i‡Q|
evsjv‡`k msweav‡b GKRb bvMwi‡Ki †g․wjK AwaKvimgyn:
AvB‡bi †Pv‡L mgZv (Aby‡”Q` - 27)
ag©xqev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y cv_©K¨ (Aby‡”Q` - 28)
miKvix PvKzwi‡Z mK‡ji mgvb AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 29)
we‡`kx †Kvb Dcwa‡Z evav (Aby‡”Q` - 30)
wbicËv cvevi AvBbx AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - -31)
Pjv‡divi ¯vaxbZv (Aby‡”Q` - 36)
mgv‡e‡ki AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 37)
mvsMVwbK AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 38)
wPšÍv Ges we‡e‡Ki ¯vaxbZv (Aby‡”Q` - 39)
‡ckv evQvB‡qi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 40)
m¤úwËi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 42)
evox‡Z †hvMv‡hv‡Mi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 43)
evsjv‡`‡k mKj e¨w³i ‡g․wjK AwaKvi¸wj wb¤œiyc:
‡eu‡P _vKv Ges e¨w³MZ ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKvi (Aby: - 32)
‡MÖdZvi Ges AvUK wnmv‡e myiÿv (Aby: 33)
‡Rvoc~e©K kªg G we‡ivwaZv (Aby‡”Q` - 34)
wePvi I kvw Íi †ÿ‡Î myiÿv (Aby‡”Q` - 35)
agx©q ¯vaxbZv (Aby‡”Q` - 41)
‡g․wjK AwaKvi ejerKi‡Yi AwaKvi (Aby‡”Q` - 44)
Aby: 15 (N): Awkÿv, Amy¯’Zv ev cywZewÜZv ev weave, Abv_, e„× ev Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q
Rbm‡PZbZvi AwaKvi
22
‡hgb:
1. Aby‡”Q` - 33:
evsjv‡`k msweav‡b Ó‡MÖdZvi I AvUK Kivi iÿvKiPÓ ‡g․wjK AwaKvi wnmv‡e AvUK e¨w³i myiÿv cÖ`vb K‡i †h,
1. GKwU Dc‡`óv †evW© Øviv ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi AwaKvi
2. AvUKK…Z e¨w³i AvU‡Ki g~j welq Av‡jvPbv Kivi AwaKvi
3. AvUK Av‡`k Dc¯’vc‡bi AwaKvi
‡g․wjK AwaKv‡ii weavb wnmv‡e, evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi 102 (K) Dci wfwË K‡i nvB‡KvU© †_‡K wmAvi wcwmi aviv 491
Gi Awab e›`xcÖ`k©b wiU wcwUkb Gi gva¨‡g AvBbMZ fv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
RvZxq AvBbMZ AeKvVv‡gv
msweav‡bi weavb evsjv‡`‡ki gvbevwaKvi AvšÍ©RvwZK AvBb †g‡b Pjvi Rb¨ wbb¥wjwLZ AvBb mgyn Pvjy K‡i‡Q:
h_v:
`¨v ‡cbvj †KvW, 1960
‡d․R`vix Kvh©wewa (wmAviwcwm), 1898
Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb (1860)
wjM¨vj GBh G¨v±, 2010
M„n mwnsmZv e‡Ü AvBb, 2010
c‡b©vMÖvwd wbqš¿b AvBb, 2012
wkï AvBb, 2013
gvbe cvPvi `gb Ges e‡Üi AvBb, 2012
evj¨ weevn e‡Üi AvBb 1929 (ms‡kvabx - 1984)
bvix I wkïi weiæ‡× wbh©vZb `gb AvBb 2000 (ms‡kvabx 2003)
evsjv‡`k kÖg AvBb - 2006
‡h․ZzK wb‡iva AvBb, 1980
cvwievwiK Av`vjZ welqK AvBb 1985 (1985 mv‡ji AwW©b¨vÝ bs - 18)
P. gvbevwaKvi gvb`‡Ûi e¨envi (gvbevwaKvi ch©‡eÿb Gi Rb¨)
gvbevwaKvi j•Nb ch©‡iÿb Gi Rb¨ Kg©KZ©viv AvšÍ©RvwZK gvbevwaKvi `wjj (A_©vr wbqgvejx, Pzw³ I †Nvlbv) Ges
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b D‡jøL Kiv nq, hv gvbevwaKv‡ii ÷¨vÛvW© e¨envi Kiv DwPr| Zvi AwaKv‡ii eva¨evaKZv GKwU
ivóª †g‡b wb‡q Avš Í©RvwZK wewa mgyn we‡kølY K‡i ivóª cÿ‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| m`m¨ ivóª wnmv‡e evsjv‡`k miKviI
mvsweavwbK I AvšÍ©RvwZK mb‡`i eva¨evaKZv †g‡b P‡j|
GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi †ÿ‡Î cªwZiÿv e¨e¯’v cÖ_‡g jvBb cÖ`vm K‡i †h, GwU cÖ‡qvM Kiv
mnR I e¨vcKfv‡e ÒRvZxq AvBbÓ wnmv‡e †`‡k AvBbmfv, wePvi wefvM I wbe©vnx cwil` Øviv ¯^xK…Z nq| c‡i
mvsweavwbK weavb I Av¯ÍR©vwZK gvbevwaKvi gv‡bi mv‡_ RvZxq AvBb Zzjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Z‡e, ch©‡eÿb gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb`Û e¨env‡ii Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ wb‡ ©k mgyn Abymib Kiv DwUr| (wPÎ - 2)
o msweavb I RvZxq AvBb Gi m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡Z n‡e| Zvici, AvšÍ©RvwZK gvbevwaKv‡ii gv‡bi mv‡_ RvZxq
AwaKv‡ii weavb ms‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖm½µ‡g ejv hvq, AvšÍR©vwZK gvbevwaKv‡ii `wjj (cÖvkw½K Pyw³ I
mb` mgyn) evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Dci AvBbx eva¨evaKZv †g‡b Pjv Av‡iv `iKvix| RvZxq msweavb I AvBb‡K
kw³kvjx I ¯úó n‡jI gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi welwU ch©‡eÿb Ki‡Z n‡e|
23
o GKwU AwaKvi iÿv Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb RvZxq mvsweavwbK ev AvBbx weavb Av‡Q †mLv‡b AvšÍ©RvwZK gvbevwaKv‡ii
`wjj (A_©vr Pzw³ / m`b) Gi Aax‡b myiÿv e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
o RvZxq msweavb I AvB‡b †Kvb AwaKvi myiÿv cÖ`vb ev RvZxq AwaKv‡ii wbðqZv weavb A¯úó ev `ye©j nq|
AvšÍ©RvwZK AvBb, weavwbK e¨e¯’v ev wePvwiK wm×vbšÍ (Av`vj‡Zi ivq) A_ev Ab¨vb¨ cÖvmw½K AvBbx e¨e¯’vi
`ye©jZv cyiY K‡i Av‡e`b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
o gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi †ÿÎ mgyn hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ cÖK…qv Abymil Kiv DwPr:
24
wPÎ 2: gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb`‡Ûi e¨envi
Q. gvbevwaKvi jsNb Kv‡K e‡j?
mvaviYZ: gvbevwaKvi j•N‡b miKvi (ivóª) I e¨_©Zv AvBbx eva¨evaKZv ev Íevqb ev AvBbx cÖK…qvi e¨envi †evSvq|
RvwZms‡Ni cÖwkÿb mnvwqKvq gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi welqwU Gfv‡e D‡jøL K‡i †h, RvZxq, AvÂwjK I AvšÍ©RvwZK AvBb
Ges gvby‡li †_‡K D™¢zZ AvBbx eva¨evaKZv ev ’evqb e¨_©Zv ev mivmwi we‡kwlZ A_© Øviv wbwðZ AwaKv‡ii e¨_©Zv|
OHCHR Gi cªwkÿb mnvwqKv Abymv‡i, gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi NUbv wbb¥wjwLZ Dcv‡q D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:
o hLb AvBb, cwjwm ev †Kvb Af¨vm B”QvK…Z fv‡e AR©b Ki‡Z e¨_© nq, ZLb AvBb, bxwZ ev PPv© B”QvK…Zfv‡e
jsNb ev mKiv‡ii eva¨evaKZvi wel‡q D`vwmb nq|
‡hgb:
wePvi ewn©fyZ nZ¨v hv miKvix AvBb Øviv cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl Zvi evPuvi AwaKv‡ii eva¨evaKZv‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i| ‡KD B”QvgZ
nZ¨v, iv÷ªxq G‡R›U KZ…©K AwZwi³ wePvi wefvMxZ nZ¨vKvÛ gvbevwaKvi j•Nb ev mb¥vb Kivi eva¨aKZv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
‡idv‡iÝ / m~Î:
aviv - 6 (1), AvBwmwmwcAvi, 1966: cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl Zvi Rxe‡bi mnRvZ AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| ewÂZ‡`i GB AvB‡bi Øviv
myiwÿZ Kiv n‡e|
RvZxq mvsweavwbK AvBb Ges
AvšÍRvwZK gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb I
eva¨evaKZvi mv‡_ m¤úK© †Kv_vq?
gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi ch©‡ÿ‡bi Rb¨
e¨eüZ „p I ¯úó RvZxq AvBb I
mvsweavwbK AvBb
AvšÍ©RvwZK gvbevwaKvi
Abymv‡I mvsweavwbK AvB‡bi
Zzjbv
RvZxq AvBb I mvsweavwbK
AwaKv‡ii myiÿv Kiv ev RvZxq
AwaKv‡ii wbðqZv cÖ`vb Kiv
AwaKvi jsN‡bi Rb¨ e¨e¯’v wb‡Z
AvšÍ©RvwZK AvBb I gvb`Û e¨envi
I AwaKv‡ii wbðqZv cª`vb
25
hLb †Kvb miKvi mivmwi †Kbv AwaKvi f‡½i NUbvq me©wbb¥ ¯Íi wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ c~b ©iæ‡c eva¨ K‡i A_©vr ivR‣bwZK,
A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‥…wZK, mykxj mgvR GB& wZbwU ¯Í‡i wbðqZv cÖ`v‡b eva¨ K‡i, ZLb gvbevwaKvi jON‡bi
welqwU wbwðZ nq|
‡hgb:
- wbev©Pbx cÖK…qvq AskMÖn‡Yi mxgve×Zv bvMwiK I ivR‣bwZK AwaKv‡ii j•Nb
- ‡Rvo c~e©K †Kvb KvR, †hgb: `vmZ¡ gvbevwaKvi f‡½i j•Nb
- KvivMv‡i cÖvß eq¯‥‡`i mv‡_ ivLv GKB ¯’v‡b Awfhy³ †Kvb wkïi AwaKvi j•Nb
- SzuwKc~b© KvR Ges cyiæl I bvix GKB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Amg e›Ub e¨eš’v I AwaKv‡ii j•Nb
myÎ - 1: aviv - 25 (L), AvBwmwmwcAvi 1966 , †fvU Ki‡Z Ges †fvUvi‡`i gZ cÖKv‡ki wbðqZv Ges mgvb
†fvUvwaKv‡ii e¨e¯’v Kiv Ges †Mvcb e¨vjU Øviv wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ Kiv|
myÎ - 2: aviv - 8 (1), AvBwmwmwcAvi 1966, ‡Kvb e¨w³ `vmZ¡, `vm e¨emv ev `vm e¨emvi mv‡_ RwoZ me ai‡Yi
evwbR¨ wbwðZ Kiv n‡i|
myÎ - 3: aviv - 10 (2) (L), AvBwmwmwcAvi 1966,
Awfhy³ cÖvß eq¯‥ e¨w³‡`i ‡_‡Z wkï‡`i c„_K e¨e¯’v Ges wePvi cÖK…qv hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e Kiv hvq †m cªK…qvi wbðqZv
cÖ`vb|
myÎ - 3: aviv - 7 (K) (L), AvBwmwmwcAvi 1966,
we‡kl †Kvb e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z AbyKzj cwi‡ek ‣Zixj wbðqZv cÖ`vb
(K) (1) : mymg gRyix I cv_©K¨ Qvov mgvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mgvb cvwikªwgK cÖ`vb
(L) wbivc` I mv ’¨Ki Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek m„wó
‡Kvb miKvi eb©, wj½, ag©, fvlv, ivR‣bwZK ev Ab¨vb¨ gZvgZ, RvZxq ev mvgvwRK DrcwË, m¤úwË, Rb¥ ev Ab¨ †Kvb
gh©v`vi Kvi‡Y gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi Rb¨ ev •elg¨ m„wó‡Z Drmvn †`q, ZLb
‡hgb:
RvwZMZ agx©q ev fvlvMZ msL¨vjNy‡`i AwaKvi gvbevwaKvi j•Nb
RvwZMZ, ag©xq ev fvlvMZ msL¨vjNy‡`i Af¨vm Ges Zv‡`i wbR¯^ ag© ev Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i fvlv e¨envi Kiv, Zv‡`i wbR¯
ms¯‥…wZ Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z Zv‡`i `‡ji Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i m‡½ ‡Mvwôi AwaKvi, A¤^xKvi Kiv hv‡e bv|
gvbevwaKvi f‡½i Rb¨ ivóª bb-‡óU GKUi‡`i gvbevwaKvi jsN‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb ¸iyZ¡c~b© NUbv|
wPÎ 1: gvbevwaKvi f½
wfKwUg e¨w³ ev `j gvbevwaKvi
AwaKvi jsNb
ivóxq e¨_©Zvq AvBbMZ
eva¨evaKZv
26
ev ÍweKfv‡e GUv A¯xKvi Kiv hvq bv †h, GwU mgvR I iv‡óªi g‡a¨ mwnsmZv I msNvZ NUv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i mvgvwRK Ges
ivR‣bwZK Aw ’iZv GKwU kZ© n‡Z cv‡i| GKwU ivóª ev bb †÷U G±i‡`i D‡ØM bv ïaygvÎ ev¯ÍeZvi mv‡_ we‡iva NUvq|
gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi Awf‡hvM hvPvB Z`šÍ I ch©‡eÿb Gi KvVv‡gv wbb¥iæc:
RvZxq msweavb Ges AvšÍ©RvwZK
gvbevwaKvi Gi mv‡_ gvb`Û I
eva¨evaKZvi m¤úK© wK?
gvbevwaKvi jsNb I ch©‡eÿ‡bi
†ÿ‡Î RvZxq AvBb I msweavwbK
AvB‡bi e¨envi
AvšÍ©RvwZK gvbevwaKvi
gvb`‡Ûi mv‡_ RvZxq AvBb I
mvsweavwbK AvB‡bi Zzjbv
mvsweavwbK AvBb I RvZxq AvBb
AwaKv‡ii myiÿv cÖ`vb K‡i; ev
hLb RvZxq AwaKv‡ii wbðqZv
A¯úó ev ye©j nq
AwaKv‡ii wbðqZvi Rb¨ AvšÍ©RvwZK
AvBb I gvb`Û e¨envi K‡i AwaKvi
AR©b
27
NUbvi we‡kølb: `jxq KvR
GK mKv‡j ÿwZMÖ¯’ GKwU bvix `j †Zvgv‡`i GjvKvq G‡m Rvbvj †h, Zv‡`i evuPvi Rb¨ mvnvh¨ cª‡qvRb| Zv‡`i MZ
wZb gvm hver †Kvb KvR †bB| BwZg‡a¨ Zviv cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Rb¨ Lvivi wKb‡Z Zv‡`i _vKvi RvqMv mn mKj
m¤ú` wewµ K‡i‡Qb| GLb Zviv Abvnv‡i Av‡Qb| byb¨Zg Lvevi cÖ`v‡b e¨_© n‡q Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii wkïiv Amy¯’ Ges
Acywó †Z AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q| GLb Zv‡`i G Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ `iKvi|
K‡_vcK‡_v‡bi g‡a¨B Zviv GK `j MÖvgevmx hviv MÖv‡g Lv‡`¨i wewbg‡q KvR cÖ‡R‡±i mv‡_ hy³| hLb Zviv Zv‡`i Lv`¨
msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ hvq, ZLb GKRb bvix †`‡L †h, 30 †KwR Mg †bevi Rb¨ Zv‡K Av½y‡ji Qvc w`‡Z n‡”Q| wKš‘ ev ͇e Zviv
10 †KwR Mg cv‡”Q cÖwZ Rb cyiæ‡li Rb¨ Ges cÖwZRb bvixi Rb¨ 5 †KwR †`qv n‡”Q| Zviv G‡Z AvcwË Rvbvq Ges
Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ‡`i welqwU AeMZ K‡i| fz³fywM bvixiv wbKU¯’ _vbvq †hvMv‡hvM K‡i cywjk‡K welqwU Rvbvq| wKš‘
¯’vbxq cywjk Ges ’vbxq †Pqvig¨vb Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZwbwa e„›` hviv ivR‣bwZK `‡ji mv‡_ hy³, Zviv †Kvb cÖwZKvi
K‡iwb| Ges cwi‡k‡l, Zviv mvsevw`K eÜz‡`i Rvbvq Ges Zviv welqwU msev`gva¨‡g mKj‡K Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZkÖæwZ
†`q| ‡Pqvig¨vb welqwU wb¯úwËi Rb¨ mvsevw`K‡`i 5000 UvKv Nyl cÖ`vb K‡i| ‡hme gwnjviv GB NUbvi mv‡_ hy³ wQj
Zv‡`i KvW© ev` †`qv nq Ges GLb Zviv ‡KD Zv‡`i wKQz †`q bv|
cÖkœ: gvbevwaKvi jsN‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb welqwU mshy³?
GB M‡í Kv‡`i AwaKvi f½ n‡q‡Q?
`‡ji †_‡K m¤¢ve¨ DËi:
µwgK bs Welq †hme AwaKvi f½ nq
1. Lv`¨ ¯^íZv Lvevi Ges Av¯ª‡qi AwaKvi
2 bvix I cyiy‡li Lv`¨ e›U‡b •elg¨ mg gh©`vi AwaKvi
3 miKv‡ii Ach©vß Lv`¨ e›Ub mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AwaKvi
4 cywj‡ki †_‡K mnvqZv bv cvIqv AvB‡bi Kv‡Q mK‡j mgvb GB my‡hvM f½
5 ¯’vbxq ‡Pqvig¨vb‡`i KvQ †_‡K mvsevw`K‡`i Nyl †bqv Z_¨ cÖvwß AwaKvi f½
6 bvix‡`i KvW© evwZjKib fve cÖKv‡ki ¯vaxbZv
R. †g․wjK AwaKvi wK? †g․wjK AwaKvi Ges gvbevwaKv‡ii cv_©K¨ †Kv_vq?
‡g․wjK AwaKvi:
‡g․wjK AwaKvi msweav‡bi Awe‡‡”Q`¨ Ask wnmv‡e iv÷ª KZ…©K ¯xK…Z|
‡g․wjK AwaKv‡ii ‣ewkó¨:
GwU we‡kl wKQz AwaKvi hv f½ n‡j Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g wdwi‡q Avbv hvq|
GwU iv÷ª ev miKvi †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB wQwb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i bv|
‡g․wjK AwaKvi ev Íevq‡bi Rb¨ ivóªxq fv‡e ivR‣bwZK B”Qv Ges me©wb¤œ m¤ú‡`i cÖ‡qvRb nq|
GwU Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g Rvwi Kiv nq (evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` - 44)
GwU evsjv‡`k msveav‡bi cvU© wZb Gi GKwU Ask (Aby‡”Q; 27-44)
GwU MbZvwš¿K mgvR Øviv avibv jvf K‡i|
28
gvbevwaKvi Ges †g․wjK AwaKvi Gi cv_©K¨ wb¤œiæc:
gvbevwaKvi ‡g․wjK AwaKvi
gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q gvby‡li g~j Ges Awe‡”Q`¨ AwaKvi ‡g․wjK AwaKvi n‡”Q RbM‡bi g~j AwaKvimgyn
GwU AvšÍ©RvwZK Ges AvBbMZ fv‡e ¯^xK…Z GwU mvsweavwbKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z
GwU RvwZms‡Ni wewfbœ ms¯’vi gva¨‡g Rvwi Kiv nq GwU Av`vj‡Zi Øviv ejeZ‡hvM¨
GwU †Kvb iv‡÷ªi mf¨Zv Ges RvZxq aviYv †_‡K DrcwË nq GwU MbZvwš¿K mgvR Øviv D‡jøwLZ nq
GwU Zv‡`i AvZ¥mb¥v‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ| †hgb: gvbevwaKvi
mb` gvbevwaKvi Ges ‡g․wjK AwaKvi wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ,
mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi, Ges A_©‣bwZK, mvgwRK
Ges mvs¯‥„wZK AwaKv‡ii mgš‡q MwQZ
GwU †g․wjK AwaKv‡ii ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb K‡i|
†hgb: evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi msweav‡b mvgvwRK Ges
ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi †g․wjK AwaKvi wnmv‡e cwiwPZ
29
GB Aa¨v‡qi jÿ¨:
GB Aa¨v‡qi †k‡l AskMÖnbKvix hv eyS‡eb:
AwaKvi Ges Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi cv_©K¨
AwaKvi wfwËK e¨e¯’v ev ivBU †eBm G‡cÖvP Gi A_©
wKfv‡e wPšÍv Ges we‡e‡Ki Dbœqb m¤¢e n‡e †mwelqwU wbðZv cÖ`vb K‡i
‡mm‡bi myPxmgyn:
K. AwaKvi Ges cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi avibv
L. ivBU †eBm G‡cÖvP Ges Zvi ÿgZvq‡bi m~Î
M. ¯’vbxq Dbœq‡b Avi we Gi ¸iæZ¡
K. cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges AwaKvi:
mvavibZ: cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ej‡Z Lv`¨, cvwb Ges Acwinvh© wKQz welq hv we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb, KviY GwU `iKvix A_ev
¸iæZ¡c~b©| (KviY GUv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q †h AvBbMZfv‡e GwU ¸iæZ¡c~b© wK ‘ GwU‡K `iKvix eva¨evaKZvi mv‡_ hy³ Kivi
`iKvi †bB| GQvov, AwaKv‡ii wKQz eva¨evaKZv Av‡Q hv Ki‡Z GKwU •bwZK ev AvBbx welq¸‡jv co–b| GKwU AwaKvi
GKwU eva¨evaKZv hv cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| )
‡hgb: cÖ‡qvRb ebvg AwaKvi
‡mmb - yB
¯’vbxq Dbœq‡b gvbevwaKv‡ii avibv
eÜy
eÜy PvKi gvwjK
30
L. ivBU †eBm G‡cÖvP Ges Zvi ÿgZvq‡b m~Î
AwaeKvi wfwËe e¨e¯’v ev ivBU †eBm G‡cÖvP (AviweG)
AwaeKvi wfwËe e¨e¯’v ev ivBU †eBm G‡cÖv‡Pi avibvi g~j welqmgyn:
AwZ `wi ª‡`i AwaKvi `vex cyiY Kivi ÿgZv M‡o Zzj‡Z ¯’vbxq †mev cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb Ges cwi‡lev cÖ`vbKvix
e¨w³‡`i Dbœqb G eva¨evaKZvi `vwe Kiv DwPr| hv‡Z gvby‡li gh©v`v Ges ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb K‡i my›`i cwi‡ek •Zix Ki‡Z
mnvqZv K‡i|
AwaKvi wfwËK e¨e¯’vi 4wU g~jbxwZ nj:
1. gvbyl n‡”Q †Kw› ªq welq, AskMÖnbKvix, gvwjK, cwiPvjK Ges Dbœqb myweav‡fvMx
2. Dbœqb gvbevwaKv‡ii bxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i nIqv DwPr
3. Dbœqb gvbevwaKv‡ii Av`k© wfwËK m¤§vb wb‡ ©k K‡i
4. Dbœqb gvbevwaKv‡ii eva¨evaKZv gvÎv I cÖK…wZi mv‡_ myms½Z
GB e¨w³ wK GUv ej‡Qb †h, ÓAvgvi Lv`¨ `iKviÓ ev Ó
Avgvi Lv‡`¨i AwaKvi Av‡QÓ?
GB e¨w³ wK GUv ej‡Qb †h, ÓAvgvi Lv`¨ `iKviÓ ev Ó
Avgvi Lv‡`¨i AwaKvi Av‡QÓ?
‡`L... Avgiv hw` Avgv‡`i Kv‡Ri Øviv gvbyl‡K mnvqZv Kivi K_v fvwe Zv •Zix‡Z cv_¨K¨ †Kv_vq?
31
GKwU AwaKvi wfwËK c×wZ (Avi we G) gvby‡li `‡ji g‡a¨ m¤úK© wbav©iY K‡i| ZvB Gi Rb¨ wb¤§wjwLZ PviwU welq
`iKvi:
- GKwU AwaKvi †fvMx Zv‡`i eva¨evaKZv mswkøó kbv³ Kiv
- AwaKvi evnK‡`i AwaKvi Gi eva¨evaKZv †Rvo`vi Kiv DwPr
- ‡Kvb welq `vex Ki‡Z n‡j `ÿZv e„w× Kiv DwUr
- Zv‡`i AwaKv‡ii `vexi `vwqZ¡ Ges ÿgZv †Rvo`vi Kiv DwPr
‡K AwaKv‡ii evnK?
mKj gvbyl AwaKv‡ii evnK
- gvby‡li Dbœqb wPšÍv we‡kl K‡i hv‡`i AwaKvi A¯xKvi Kiv ev jw•NZ Kiv n‡”Q
- AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb bxwZi †K›`ª me‡P‡q SzwKc~b© cÖvwšÍK I AbMÖmi iv‡L
AwaKvi evnK‡`i `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q Ab¨‡K m¤§vb Ges Zvi AwaKvi cÖwZôv Kiv| †hgb:
- mKj AwaKvi †fvMxivB AwaKv‡ii evnK
- Ab¨‡`i AwaKvi iÿvi Rb¨ AwaKvi evnKiv Aek¨B Zv‡`i AwaKvi ¸‡jv †fvM Ki‡e|
AwaKv‡ii evnK‡`i mwVK `ÿZv e„wׇZ Zv‡`i c~b© AwaKvi Ges `vwqZ¡ `vex Kiv Ges AwfÁZv `iKvi|
AwaKvi Rvbv Avcbvi `vwqZ¡ †Kbbv Avcbvi ¸iyZ¡c~b© w`K n‡”Q:
- hviv `wi ª I AwaKvi ewÂZ Zv‡`i AwaKv‡ii we‡kl fvM mgyn †kvlb Ges Ace¨envi cÖeb
Kviv AwaKv‡ii evnK?
AwaKv‡ii evnK n‡”Q ZvivB hviv AwaKvi‡K `vwq‡Z¡i gva¨‡g †evaMg¨ K‡i|
cwieZ©‡bi KvVv‡gv: - AvBb
- mvgvwRK/ivR‣bwZK - mvgvwRK -A_©‣bwZK
‡eu‡P _vevi Rb¨ hv
cwieZb‡hvM¨ :
- AvPiY
- ÿgZv
- gvbevwaKvi‡K †evSv
AwaKv‡ii evnK:
Zviv Zv‡`i AwaKvi
PvqGes `vwqZ¡ cvib
K‡i
`vwqZ¡ cvjbKZ©v:
AwaKvi‡K eva¨Ki‡Z
`vwqZ¡kxj e¨w³
AwaKvi `vex‡Z mnvqK
`vwqZ¡cvjK‡K kw³kvjx Kiv MbZvbwš¿K cÖK…qv
`vwi ª `~ixKiY
Awa
Kvi
wfwË
K c
Ö‡Póv
32
- cÖwZ e¨w³i `vwqZ¡ Ges eva¨evaKZv n‡”Q A‡b¨i cÖwZ `vwqZ¡ e›Ub| GwU n‡”Q mvgvwRK Ges gvbweK `vwqZ¡|
cÖwZ e¨w³i AwaKvi Ges ¯vaxbZv iÿvq A‡b¨i AwaKvi Ges ¯vaxbZvq m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Kiv DwPr|
- wKš‘, gvbevwaKv‡ii avibv Ges `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q A‡b¨i eva¨evaKZv| GwU gvbevwaK‡ii AvBbMZ eva¨evaKZvI
wbwðZ K‡i|
AwaKv‡ii evnK‡`i Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:
1. GKwU `j‡K Kviv `ªæZ `vwq‡Z¡ cwibZ K‡i: ‡hgb: wkÿKiv Qv·`i `vwqZ¡, cywjk Acivax‡`i Ges wfKwUg‡`i,
wcZvgvZv Zv‡`i wkï‡`i `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|
2. GKwU cÖwkwÿZ `j hviv ZvrÿwbK welqmgyn `vwq‡Z¡ gv‡S Mb¨ K‡i| †hgb: ’vbxq GbwRI, wmweI, ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii
Kg©KZ©ve„›`
3. hviv †mev cÖ`vb K‡i| †hgb: e¨w³MZ mn‡hvMxZv, RvZxq cÖwZóvb mgyn, Avw_©K mnvqZvKvix cÖwZôvb mgyn, †hgb:
RvwZmsN fz³ cªwZôvb, AvšÍ©RvwZK mv ’¨ ms ’v Ges AvBGg Gd
4. D”PZi cÖvwZôvwbK ch©vq| †hgb: e¨w³MZ mn‡hvMxZv, RvZxq iv÷ªxq ms¯’v, †Wvbvi
AwaKvi evnK Ges `vwqZ¡ cvjK Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK©:
gvbevwaKvi AwaKvi evnK‡`i ÿgZv cÖ`vb K‡i Ges `vwqZ¡ evnK‡`i iÿv, m¤§vb Ges Zv‡`i c~b© AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i|
myiÿvi `vwqZ¡:
- ivóª I Zvi cÖwZóvb Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³ ev MÖyc Øviv AwaKvi j•Nb †iva Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i
- ivóª †Kvb gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi NUbvi Z`šÍ ev †Kvb AvBbx cÖwZKvi Gi myiÿvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnb
Ki‡e|
m¤§v‡bi `vwqZ¡:
- ivóª mivmwi ev c‡ivÿfv‡e gvbevwaKvi‡K c~b©iƒ‡c Dc‡fvM Kivi Rb¨ †Kvbiæc evuav bv Avmv
- AvBb I bxwZmgyn gvbevwaKvi bxwZi AšÍ©f~³ n‡e| †Kvb Af¨vm, bxwZ ev Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i m¤úwˇZ
AwaKvi hv Zv‡`i ¯vaxbZvi Dci n¯Í‡ÿc Ki‡Z AvBbvbyM fv‡e eviY †`q
- AvBb cÖbqb I cwjwm wba©vi‡bi ¯’vb¸‡jv‡Z gvbevwaKv‡ii bxwZ‡K m¤§vb K‡i|
cyibxq eva¨evaKZv
- ivóª I Zvi cÖwZôvbmgyn gvbevwaKv‡ii c~b© Av`v‡qi cÖwZ mwµq c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU m¤ú` Ges
†mevi gvb‡K MwZkxj K‡i|
- miKvi me‡P‡q ye©j e¨w³‡K b~b¨Zg AwaKvi cyi‡Y AMÖvwaZvi ‡`‡e|
AwaKvi wfwËK e¨e¯’v Ges ÿgZvqb
AwaKvi wfwËK e¨e¯’v RbM‡bi †eu‡P _vKvi ÿgZv‡K gh©v`v Ges m¤§v‡bi m‡½ †eu‡P _vKvi gvby‡li ÿgZvqb NUv‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i| GUv Dbœq‡bi †Kw›`ªq kw³ wnmv‡e gvbyl we‡ePbvq Av‡b| ZvB AwaKvi wfwËK e¨e¯’v †K›`ªxq kw³ wnmv‡e
gvbyl we‡ePbvq Av‡b| d‡j AwaKvi wfwËK e¨e¯’v n‡”Q:
- cwieZ©‡bi GKwU cÖK…qv hv cwieZ©‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i
- wm×všÍ MÖn‡b mwµq AskMÖnYKvix n‡Z e¨w³ ev e¨w³‡`i †Mvôx‡K mnvqZv K‡i
- cwieZ©b Rxe‡bi Dci wbq ¿b wb‡` e¨w³ ev ‡Mvwô‡K mwµq K‡i
- cwieZ©b e¨w³ ev `‡ji g‡a¨ cÖej
AwaKvi wfwËK c×wZ mKj e¨w³‡`i gh©v`v I m¤§v‡mi m‡½ †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ GKwU ¯’vb •Zix Kiv gvbevwaKvi bxwZ Øviv
cwiPvwjZ nq| GB ¯’vb e¨w³‡`i ÿgZvevb AvBbx ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges A_©‣bwZK ev RbM‡bi KvVv‡gv cwieZ©‡b
mnvqZv K‡i|
33
ÿgZvqb n‡”Q gvby^l‡K ‡evSv - bvix I cyiæl Dfq‡KB Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi Dci wbq¯¿b K‡i - AvZ¥wek¦vm
evwo‡q mgm¨vi mgvavb Ges ¯-wbf©iZv, Dbœqbkxj, `ÿZv AR©b ev Zv‡`i wbR¯ `ÿZv Ges Ávb
AR©b Kiv ev Zv‡`i wbR¯ ¯^xK…wZ n‡”Q wbR¯ welq mgyn Ges GKwU cÖK…qv I GKwU djvdj DfqB|
ÿgZvqb n‡”Q GKwU cÖK…qv Ges GKwU djvdj DfqB| hv jsDB GKwU KvVv‡gvi gva¨‡g ÿgZvq‡bi wewfbœ wWwMÖi g‡a¨
wKQz cv_©K¨ Dcjãx Kiv|
1. Kj¨vb ÒwWwMÖÓ: ‡hLv‡b †g․wjK Pvwn`v cyib nq| Gi Rb¨ KvVv‡gvMZ KviY cÖ‡qvRb nqbv Ges RwoZ‡`i
`iKvix wel‡qi D‡jøL Kiv DwUr|
2. cÖ‡ekvwaKv‡ii wWMÖx: wkÿv, f~wg Ges †µwW‡U mgvb cÖ‡ekvwaKvi wbwðZ K‡i|
3. m‡PZbZv DÌvcb ÔwWwMÖÕ: ‡hLv‡b KvVv‡gvMZ Ges cÖwZôvwbK •elg¨ wbiæcb K‡i|
4. AskMÖnY I msnwZ ÔwWwMÖÕ: †hLv‡b mgvb wm×všÍ †bevi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
5. wbqš¿b ÔwWwMÖÕ; †hLv‡b e¨w³ wb‡R wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡ib Ges GUv m¤ú~b©iæ‡c ¯^xK„Z nq|
GB KvVv‡gv wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi gvb wba©vib K‡i wm×všÍ †bq †h, m¤ú‡`i Dci wbq ¿b‡K †Rvo w`‡Z n‡e| bvixev`x ZZ¡ Ges
RbwcÖq wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î ÿgZvqb bvixi wPšÍvaviv‡K g~j kw³ wnmv‡e e¨w³MZ Ges †fZ‡ii ÿgZv‡K Zz‡j a‡i|
ÿgZvi aiY ÿgZvqb‡K †evSvi Rb¨ Abygvb mgyn
Kv‡iv Dc‡i ÿgZvi cÖfve Ges wbb©q Kiv n‡”Q
cvIqvi Ifvi
¯^xgve×Zvi †gvKv‡ejvq AšÍ©wbwnZ m¤ú` Ges ÿgZvi cwieZ©b Kiv
we`¨gvb D”PZg ÿgZvi cwieZ©b Ges Zv‡`i
msMwVZ Kiv n‡”Q cvIqvi Uz
e¨w³i c„_K ÿgZv Ges my‡hv‡Mi A‡cÿv
‡h․_ Kg© †_‡K †e‡o hvIqvB n‡”Q cvIqvi DB_ AšÍ©wbwnZ avibvMy‡jv‡K ‡e‡o hvIqv Abygv‡bi ‡gvKv‡ejv KiY
ÿgZvi g‡a¨ kw³ n‡”Q ewa©Z c„_K GKwU
†PZbv
‡Kvb avibvi cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ ewa©Z m‡PZbZv Ges B”Qv
Avgiv Rvwb †h, Dbœqb e„wËK `vex Kiv Ges Zv‡`i AwaKvi iÿvi Rb¨ ‡h cÖvmw½K ms¯’v¸‡jv KvR Ki‡Q Zv‡`i KZ©e¨ I
`vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv Riæix| Avgv‡`i cÖK‡í Zviv Dbœqb cÖK…qvq mwµq G‡R›U n‡Z cv‡i Ges hviv Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i fvM¨
wbqš¿b Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i ÿgZv, Ávb I m¤ú` w`‡q AwaKvi †fvMx‡`i mg_©b cª‡qvRb|
34
GB Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨:
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvix hv Rvb‡eb:
- miKv‡ii avibv I A_© eyS‡Z
- mykvm‡bi Dcv`vb mgyn
- mykvmb I gvbevwaKvi Ges evsjv‡`‡k mykvm‡bi m¤¢ve¨ P¨v‡jÄ Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK©
Awa‡ekb ïwP:
K. miKv‡ii avibv, A_© Ges msMv
L. mykvm‡bi msMv Ges avibv
M. mykvm‡bi g~j Dcv`vb
N. mykvmb Ges gvbevwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ g~j m¤úK©
O. evsjv‡`‡ki ‡cÖÿvc‡U g~j euvavmgyn
K. miKv‡ii avibv, A_© Ges msMv
mvavibZ, ¯’vbxq kvmb, wm×všÍ MÖnY Ges ev Íevqb ev hvi Øviv †Kvb cÖK…qv ‡evSvq| †hgb:
- evwbwR¨K miKvi
- AvšÍ©RvwZK miKvi
- RvZxq kvmb, Ges
- ¯’vbxq kvmb
Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vsK (1995) msMvg‡Z, ÿgZv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK m¤ú` e¨e¯’vcbv
KZ©Z¡c~b© c×wZB n‡”Q miKvi|
BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb (BD) msMvg‡Z, ÿgZv AKcUZv, AskMÖnY, Reviw`wnZv, Kvh©KvwiZv Ges m½wZ ch©v‡q cª‡qvM Kiv
nq hv fv‡e cÖfvweZ †h wbqg I AvPib w`‡q msMvwqZ Kiv nq|
- wKfv‡e ÿgZv fvMvfvwM Kiv nq
- hv‡`i ¸iæZ¡c~b© wm×všÍ †bevi KZ©Z¡ Av‡Q
- wKfv‡e wm×všÍ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e
- gvbyl‡K wKfv‡e `vqe× n‡Z nq (‡K wm×všÍ ‡`q)
‡`‡ki kvmb e¨e¯’v wb‡¤œi 6wU Dcv`vb w`‡q cwigvc Kiv nq| h_v:
1. fvlv Ges evwn¨K Revew`wnZv
2. ivR‣bwZK w ’wZkxjZv I mwnsmZv, Aciva Ges mš¿vmev` Gi Afve
3. RbM‡bi myweav cÖ`vbKvix e¨e¯’v mn AvgjvZš¿, miKvix Kvh©KvixZv Ges cÖbqb gvb
4. wbqš¿b Kivi ÿgZv
5. AvB‡bi kvmbGes
6. `ybxwZ© wbqš¿b
Avgiv mwµq kvmb Ki‡Z PvB| Avgiv Dbœq‡bi w`‡K Zv‡`i wbR¯ welq cwiPvjbv Kiv GKwU `j wnmv‡e wb‡R‡`i
msMwVZ Kiv DwPr| hv‡Z Zviv GKwU MbZvwš¿K cÖK…qv, KvVv‡gv, HwZn¨ I wbqg †g‡b Pjvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wba©vib Ki‡e|
‡mmb wZb:
miKvi m¤ú‡K© avibv
35
- gvwjKvbv wba©vib
- hvi wm×všÍ †bevi KZ…©Z¡ Av‡Q
- Zv‡`i †Rvo`vi wm×všÍ I ev Íevqb Kivi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q
- Zv‡`i wm×všÍ cÖ¯‘ZKviK‡`i `vqe× ivLv
- fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K ZvKv‡bv
- Ab¨‡`i m‡½ Zv‡`i AwaKvi I ¯^v_© `vex
wK ‘ g~j ev¯ÍeZ hv ÿgZv, KZ©„Z¡ I wbqg memgq we‡kl K‡i Dbœqbkxj †`‡k miKvi I miKv‡ii f~wgKv wbqš¿‡bi
PvweKvwV nq| miKv‡ii GB KvVv‡gv miKv‡ii f~wgKv wbf©i K‡i M‡i I‡V|
miKvi Ges mykvm‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨:
miKvi:
miKvi n‡”Q iv‡óª Af¨šÍixb I ewn©w¯’Z ¯v_© m¤^wjZ mve©‡f․g PP©v hv †Kvb wbqš¿K I cÖvwZôvwbK e¨e¯’v †evSvq|
kvmb:
kvmb n‡”Q mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ev Íe wm×všÍ MÖn‡bi cÖK…qv| GmKv‡ci msMvg‡Z, kvmb n‡”Q wm×všÍ MÖnY Ges wm×všÍ
ev Íevqb ev ev¯Íevqb Kiv nq bv Ggb welqmgyn|
miKvi
gvb`Û
RwZmsN gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb †iRy‡jkb 2000/64
mykvmb
36
myZivs, miKvi n‡”Q miKvi, ivóª Ges kvmb I GKwU e„nËi avibv|
L. mykvm‡bi msMv I avibv:
avibv:
mykvmb GKwU MbZvwš¿K KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ `ÿ I Kvh©Ki cÖkvmb Gi m‡½ hy³ Kiv| GwU gvby‡li Rxei‡bi gvb DbœwZ‡Z
cÖwZkÖywZe×, hv Dbœqb wfwËK cÖkvm‡bi mgvb| GwU D”P ch©v‡q mvsMVwbK Kvh©KvixZv wba©vib K‡i| GwU mgv‡Ri SzwK
mvgjv‡Z ivR‣bwZK Ges cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v K‡i hvv we yr‡K› ª m¤úKx©Z ÿgZvi mv‡_ m¤úKx©Z| GUv Av‡iv `ÿZv, •eaZv
I wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv ’vcb kvm‡bi bZzb gvb MÖnY †evSvq| GwU‡Z Kvh©Ki wek¦vm‡hvM¨ I •ea cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vi bvMwiK
evÜe, g~j¨ cÖ`vbKvix Ges gvby‡li mv‡_ fvM Kivi ‣ewkó¨ _vK‡Z n‡e|
ZvB, mykvmb mKiKvi kvwmZ Pvwn`v c~b© cÖwZwbwa wK¯‘ ïaygvÎ cÖK…qvkxj n‡Z n‡e Ggb `vex|
msMv:
mykvmb n‡”Q ¯^”Q, `vqe×, b¨vq msMZ Ges gvby‡li Pvwn`v Ki‡Z cÖK…qvkxj Ggbfv‡e †h GKwU †`‡ki m¤ú` Ges
GwelqK mwVK e¨e¯’vcbv|
wek¦ e¨v‡Ki g‡Z, mykvmb n‡”Q:
- RbM‡bi e¨e¯’vcbvi kã hv `ÿZv, Kvh©KvixZv Ges A_©bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úK©h
- hv Revew`wnZv I wewbgq Z_¨ ¯^”Q GKwU e¨e¯’v Ges
- Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU AvBwb KvVv‡gv hv wePv‡ii, gvbevwaKvi I ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ m¤§vb enb K‡i
AZGe, Avgiv mykvmb Gi gva¨‡g `ªæZ Ges Kvh©Kix fv‡e bvMwiK myweav w`‡Z cvwi| hv‡Z miKv‡ii g‡a¨ Av¯’v,
Revew`wnZv, ¯”QZv I AskMÖnYg~jK cÖK…qv, kw³kvjxKi‡bi Dchy³ nevi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mykvm‡bi Rb¨ g~j Dcv`vb:
mykvmb n‡”Q miKv‡ii f~wgKv hv †Kvb `„óvšÍ hv GKwU Av`k© cÖwZK…wZ| mykvmb Gi Av`k© AR©b Kiv KwVb| mykvm‡bi
Av`k© n‡”Q g~j¨vqb| Gwel‡q mv‡eK gvbevwaKvi Kwgk‡bi KvR e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| †iRy‡jkb 2000/64 Abymv‡i
mykvmb Gi g~j Dcv`vb n‡”Q:
- ¯^”QZv - Revew`wnZv - AskMÖnY - `vwqZ, I
- ms‡e`bkxjZv
37
wPÎ: mykvm‡bi g~j welq mgyn
¯^”QZv:
¯^”QZvi wm×všÍ¸‡jv †bqv nq Gfv‡e hv wm×všÍ msµvšÍ Z_¨ hv wm×všÍ Øviv cÖfvweZ nq, we‡kl K‡i hviv mn‡R gvby‡li
e¨envi‡hvM¨ I AvB‡bi mv‡_ msMwZc~b© nh| †hgb:
- we`¨gvb AvBb welqK Z_¨
- miKvix †mev g~j¨
- RbM‡bi m¤úwËi cwimsL¨v
- RbM‡bi Avmv`b Gi wbqg
`vqe×Zv:
`vqe×Zv `vwqZ¡ evnK ev AvgjvZš¿ Ges Zv‡`i Rb¨ Revew`wn Kiv DwPr ev DwPr wKbv Zv ‡evSv| GUv miKv‡ii Rb¨
cÖ‡RvR¨ wKš‘ †emiKvix Ges GwU ïaygvÎ mykxj mgv‡Ri bq| GUv wPšÍvi welq †h‡Kvb e¨w³ Zvi wm×všÍ ev Kg© Øviv
cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z mÿg| GwU ¯^”QZv I AvB‡bi kvmb Qvov cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡ebv| ‡hgb:
- ¯’vbxq gš¿xmfvq Revew`wnZv Ges š’vbxq miKvix cÖwZôv‡b Zvi wbe©vPbx e¨w³‡`i Øviv MwVZ msm`xq MbZvwš¿K
ivóª
AskMÖnY:
RbM‡bi AskMÖnY bxwZ •Zix Ges Dbœqb cÖK…qv hv RwoZ nqbv Zv ‡evSvq| GwU miKvix fv‡e mnR Ges gvby‡li Dbœqb
cÖK…qvh AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| RbM‡bi AskMÖnY wZbwU Dcv‡q wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e| hLv:
1. Dbœqb myweav‡fvMx wnmv‡e
2. Dbœqb †÷K‡nvìvi I †bZv wnmv‡e
3. Dbœqb Kvh©µg ev Íevq‡b whwb Kg©KZv© Ges we‡ivax mn‡hvMx ms¯’v
`vwqZ¡
`vwqZ¡ Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZi mv‡_ MbZ‡š¿i wfwË wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq| GwU Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i KZ©e¨ I `vwq‡Z¡
iæcvšÍwiZ `vqx miKvi, mykxj mgvR Ges †emiKvix GKwU Ae`vb| ‡hgb:
- AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix ms ’v¸‡jv AvBb cÖ‡qv‡Mi mgq †KvW Ae KÛv± eRvq iv‡L|
mykvmb
¯^”PZv
Revew`nxZv
AskMÖnY ms‡e`bkxjZv
ØvwqZ¡
38
ms‡e`bkxjZv
ms‡e`bkxjZvi ÿgZv, ms‡e`bkxjZv Ges Dbœq‡b Kvh©Ki fv‡e `vwq‡Z¡i aviK (A_©vr miKvi, ‡emiKvix ms¯’v I mykxj
mgvR) Gi g‡a¨ bgbxqZv Av‡b| GwU RbM‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b ¯^v_© wPwýZ mykxj mgv‡Ri cÖZ¨vkv we‡ePbv K‡i| GwU cybivq
cixÿv hv we`¨gvb wewa, bxwZ I mwVKfv‡e KvR Kivi ch©v‡jvPbvmn mgv‡jvPK‡`i ms‡e`bkxj K‡i| GwU hyw³msMZ
mgqmxgvi g‡a¨ hv‡`i cÖwZôvb I cÖK…qvi Kvh©KvixZv Av‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK wewa|
‡mB mv‡_, 1997 mv‡j mykvm‡bi Rb¨ gvbweK Dbœqb welqK RvwZms‡Ni GKwU cÖwZ‡e`‡b wb¤œwjwLZ •ewkó¨ D‡jøL Kiv
nq| h_v:
- AskMªnb
- AvB‡bi kvmb
- ¯^”QZv
- Revew`wnZv
- HK¨g‡Zi Awf‡hvRb
- b¨vqmsMZ e¨e¯’v
- Kvh©KvixZv Ges `ÿZv
- ‡K․kjMZ „wó
M. mykvmb I gvbevwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ g~j m¤úK©:
mykvmb I gvbevwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ m¤úK© cyb©envb nq| gvbevwaKvi bxwZi miKvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ ivR‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Kv‡Ri
w`Kwb‡ ©wkKv cÖ`vb K‡i| †mBmv‡_ GwU ¯”Q I Revew`wn g~jK e¨e¯’v MÖn‡bi g~j¨vqb K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, mykvmb Qvov I
gvbevwaKvi m¤§vwbZ Kiv hv‡e bv Ges GKwU †UKmB c×wZ‡Z myiwÿZ Kiv nq| gvbevwaKvi ev Íevqb Gi mnvqK Ges
mwµq cwi‡e‡ki Dci Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i| h_vh_ AvBbx AeKvVv‡gv Ges cÖvwZôvwbK wnmv‡e AwaKvi I RbmsL¨vi Pvwn`v
mvov †hvMvq| ivR‣bwZK e¨e¯’vcbvMZ Ges cÖkvmwbK cÖK…qv i‡q‡Q| ‡hgb:
mn¯ªv‡ãi †Nvlbvq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, we‡k¦i †bZv‡`i MbZš¿ I AvB‡bi kvm‡bi Dbœqb Kiv Ges †mBmv‡_ Dbœqb Kivi
AwaKvi mn AvšÍR©vwZK fv‡e ¯^xK…Z gvbevwaKvi I †g․wjK ¯vaxbZv, m¤§vb Ges Zv‡`i cÖwZkÖæwZ iÿv Kiv|
RvwZms‡Ni gvbevwaKvi †Nvlbv hvi m¤úK© n‡”Q mykvm‡bi g~jbxwZi mv‡_| GwU wb¤œiæc:
- MbZvwš¿K miKvi Ges cÖK…qv
- Kvh©Kix miKvix cÖwZôvb
- AvBb Ges GKwU wbi‡cÿ I Kvh©Ki AvBbx e¨e¯’vv kvm‡bi cÖv_wgK ¯’vb
- GKwU mywkj mgvR
- wewb‡qv‡Mi Dci AwaK g~j¨vqb
- RvZxq A_©bxwZi hy³hy³ e¨e¯’vcbv
AZGe, mykvmb I gvbevwaKvi Gi g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i PviwU w`K msMwVZ Kiv hv‡e| h_v:
1. MbZvwš¿K cÖwZôvi kw³kvjxKib:
mykvmb ms¯‥v‡ii MbZvwÎK bxwZ wbg©v‡bi Rb¨ RbM‡bi AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i| wbe©vwPZ I wb‡qvwRZ Kg©KZ©v‡`i
Revew`wnZv Ges mykxj mgv‡Ri mwµq I wm×všÍ MÖn‡bi †ÿ‡Î mvgvwRK ¯^v_© m¤úK©xZ welq mgy‡ni cÖwZ Av¯’v ev‡o|
Zv‡`i AwaKvi iÿvi Rb¨ bvix I msL¨vjNy‡`i mn AbMÖmi †Mvwôi ÿgZvqb NUv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| D`vnib ¯iæc ejv
P‡j †h:
evsjv‡`‡ki we`¨gvb wbe©vPb Kwgkb (Aeva I myôz wbe©vPv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i) bvMwi‡Ki †fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡Mi g‡a¨ A‡bK
¸iæZ¡c~b© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z nq|
39
1. ‡mev cÖ`vb Dbœqb:
RbM‡bi †mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z ivóª eva¨| RbM‡bi †mev mn Zv‡`i RbmsL¨v, †mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ ivóª `vqx| Avevmb, ¯^v¯’¨,
wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨ I mvgvwRK Dbœqb mev mn Zv‡`i AwaKvi| GB ‡mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z gvbevwaKvi iÿvi Rb¨ Acwinvh©,
gvbevwaKvi bxwZi miKvix ‡mev mn Zv‡`i RbmsL¨v Ges `wi`ªZg I me‡P‡q cªvwšÍK AwaKvi myiwÿZ Kivi Rb¨ Dcjã
cÖ‡ek‡hvM¨ I mvs¯‥„wZKfv‡e MÖnb‡hvM¨ nIqv DwPZ| mykvmb A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi gvÎ myweav‡fvMx‡`i g‡a¨
wbKUZg e¨w³‡`i Ae`vb ¯^xKvi Kiv| †hgb:
AvBwmBGmwmAvi, 1966 Gi Aby‡”Q` - 2 G ejv n‡q‡Q †h, ivóªxq eva¨evaKZvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~b© c`‡ÿc †bevi Rb¨
¯^xK…Z AwaKv‡ii h_vh_ Pzw³i ev Íevqb Kiv KZ©e¨|
1. AvB‡bi kvmb:
AvB‡bi kvmb n‡”Q GKwU cÖvwZôvwbK iæc hv cÖvwZôvwbK AvBb I Abykxjb Øviv cÖwZwôZ nq| AvB‡bi AvwacZ¨ †evSvq
Ges †Kvb e¨w³ AvB‡bi evB‡i bq| GwU mylg mgv‡Ri weKvk K‡i cÿ؇qi g‡a¨ mv „k¨ I RbM‡bi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU
kvwšÍc~b© cwi‡ek Avb‡Z Ae`vb iv‡L| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h,
1966 mv‡j AvBwmwmwcAvi Gi Aby‡”Q` 14 (3) g‡Z, b¨vqwePvi wbwðZ K‡i mgvb my‡hvM •Zix Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU e¨w³i
mva¨i evB‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ AvBbx mnvqZv gy³ Kivi AwaKvi|
2. ybx©wZi we‡ivwaZv:
`ybx©wZ n‡”Q e¨w³MZ myweavi Rb¨ miKvix ÿgZvi Ace¨envi| miKv‡ii g~j PviwU ‣ewkó¨, †hgb: Revew`wnZv, ¯^”QZv,
AskMÖnb Ges `vwqZ¡ hv `gb Ki‡Z cv‡i| yb©xwZ iv‡óªi †g․wjK cªwZôvb mgy‡ni Revew`wnZvi ¯’vb mgyn‡K `ye©j K‡i|
miKvix cªwZôv‡bi Kv‡R ¯^”QZv I gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi kvw¯Í †`qv nq bv| †g․wjK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi welq mgy‡n
†bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j| hviv cÖvwšÍK, `wi`ªZg Ges me‡P‡q †ekx miKvix †mevi Dci wbf©ikxj Zv‡`i‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|
‡hgb: RvwZms‡Ni ybx©wZ we‡ivax mb‡` (BDwbwmGwm - 2007) ivóªxq `j¸‡jv ybx©wZ we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b mg_©b K‡i|
wPÎ: gvbevwaKvi Ges mykvm‡bi g‡a¨ g~j cv_©K¨
mykvmb
MbZvwš¿K
cÖwZôvb
DbœZ †mev
e¨e¯’v
`ybxwZ© wenxb
mgvR
AvBb‡i kvmb
Ges b¨vq
wePvi
mb¥v‡bi AwaKvi
mvavi‡bi mb¥v‡bi
mv‡_ evuPv
40
O. mykvmb cÖwZôvq me‡P‡q eo evuav (evsjv‡`‡k)
Z„Zxq we‡k¦i GKwU †`k wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡k kvmb e¨e¯’vi evuav Ges mxgve×Zv weivRgvb Zv wb‡¤œ †`qv nj:
- gvbevwaKvi j•Nb
- `ybx©wZ
- ÿgZv Ges KZ…©Z¡ we‡Kw›`ªKiY
- ‣be©vPwbKZv
- `ye©j AvBb mfv I Zvi cÖ‡qvM
- `ye©j cÖwZôvbGi g~j¨vqb
- ivR‣bwZK ms¯‥…wZ
- gvby‡li AskMÖn‡Yi Afve
GB msµšÍ wel‡q evsjv‡`‡k GLbI MbZvwš¿K cÖwZôv‡b †mev cÖ`v‡bi Afve †`Lv †`q| GwU `ybx©wZ `gb AvBb Ges
ivR‣bwZK B”Qvi kvmb ejeZ K‡i| mykvm‡bi c~b© Dcv`vb MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ msMÖvg Ges †m cwiw¯’wZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨
Av‡iv msMÖvg Kivi; †hgb - ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ me©wb¤œ cÖ‡qvRb (48.5% gvbyl `vwi`ªmxgvi bx‡P evm K‡i) ‡gUv‡Z msMÖvg
K‡i| †ekxifvM †ÿ‡Î Zviv gvby‡li g‡Zv †e‡uP _vKvi Rb¨ msMÖvg K‡i| RbM‡bi ‡eu‡P _vKvi me©wb¤œ cÖ‡qvRbxZv
†gUv‡bvi Rb¨ †mev I myiÿv cÖwZôv Kiv `iKvi|
41
GB †mm‡bi D‡Ïk¨:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMªnbKvixiv hv Rvb‡eb:
- MbZvwš¿K ’vbxq e¨e¯’vq mykvm‡bi avibv
- mykvm‡b ¯’vbxq mvkb Ges Zvi Kv‡Ri †g․wjK Dcv`vb eyS‡Z cvi‡eb
‡mm‡bi myPxcÎ:
- MbZvwš¿K kvmb Gi avibv
- ¯’vbxq miKvi I ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii avibv mgyn
- ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii wee`gvb avibv: evsjv‡`‡gi „wófw½
- BDwbqb cwil‡`i we`¨gvb KvVv‡gv I Kvh©vejx
- ¯’vbxq miKvi Gi g~j Dcv`vbmgyn
- mykvm‡b ¯’vbxq Dcv`vb DbœqbGi cÖK…qv
- ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii cÖwZ evuav mgyn (Pi GjvKvi D`vniY mn)
K. MbZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vq kvmb Gi avibv
MbZvwš¿K kvmb e¨e¯’vq mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK cÖK…qv, cªweavb I cªvwZôvwbK mvgvwRK `vqe×Zv, A_©‣bwZK cÖe„w× I
gvbe Dbœq‡b GKwU mgwšZ f~wgKv cvjb Kiv m¤¢e hv mykb Gi weavb †g‡b P‡j|
MbZvwš¿K ¯’vbxq kvmb e¨e¯’vi avibvq ¯’vbxq Dbœqb cš’v hv GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wnmv‡e Dbœq‡bi aviK e‡j wPýZ|
GUv µgea©gvb AvšÍ©RvwZK m¤úª`v‡qi `vwi ª n«vm †K․kj Gi GKwU c~e©kZ© wnmv‡e †`Lv nq|
RvwZmsN gvbe Dbœqb cwieíbv 2002 Gi D‡jøL g‡Z, gvbe Dbœqb „wófw½i we‡ePbv, avibv Ges Dbœq‡b MbZvwš¿K
cÖK…qv I ivR‣bwZK / bvMwiK AwaKvi I RbM‡bi ¯vaxbZv iÿvq `vq× ’vbxq cÖwZôvb mgyn mykvm‡bi avibv AšÍ©f~³
K‡i|
AZGe MbZvbwš¿K ¯’vbxq kvmb n‡”Q:
- RbM‡bi gvbevwaKvi I †g․wjK ¯^vaxbZv Ges Zv‡`i gh©v`vi m‡½ emevm| hvi d‡j RbM‡bi gh©v`vi Dbœqb
nh|
- RbM‡bi Rxe‡b cÖfve †d‡j Ggb wm×všÍ
- RbM‡bi wm×v‡šÍ miKvi‡K `vqe× ivLv
- RbM‡bi b¨h¨ AwaKvi cÖwZôv Ges mvgvwRK cvi¯úvwiK cªK…qvi kvmb
- bvix Zvi Rxe‡b wm×všÍMÖn‡b miKvix I †emiKvix e¨e¯’vq cyiæ‡li mgvb gh©v`v I AskMÖn‡Y Aswk`vi
- RbMb RvwZ, eb©, wj½ ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖKvi wel‡qi Dci wbf©i K‡i •Zix mKj cÖKvi •elg¨ n‡Z gy³
- fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i Pvwn`v eZ©gvb bxwZ mgyn‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|
- A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK cwiKíbv I bxwZ gvby‡li Pvwn`v Ges AvKvsLvi cÖwZ cÖwZwµqvkxj
- `vwi`ª ~ixKib I mK‡ji Rb¨ mgvb my‡hv‡Mi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`q|
‡mmb Pvi:
MbZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vq ¯’vbxq mvkb
42
GUv MbZvwš¿K kvmb e¨e¯’vq mvgvwRK / ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi, ¯^vaxbZv Ges RbM‡bi AskMÖnb ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q mykvmb Gi
avibv †_‡K c„_K e¨e¯’vi D‡jøL K‡i| MbZvwš¿K kvmb e¨e¯’v mwµq gvbyl gy³ n‡Z Ges wb‡R‡`i fwel¨r iæcvqb Kivi
Rb¨ Dbœq‡bi avibvi Dci wbwg©Z †bZ…‡Zi K_v e‡j| GwU mnm&ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨‡K D‡jøL K‡i gvbe avibvi g~j Dcv`v‡b
Kj¨vb g~jK e¨e¯’v Mªnb K‡i|
MbZvwš¿K kvmb Gi g‡a¨ mykvmb Gi †hvMv‡hvM:
D`vniY:
Aby‡”Q` - 11: evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi MbZš¿ I gvbevwaKv‡ii weavb †evSvq
L. ¯’vbxq miKvi I ’vbxq miKv‡ii avibv eySv‡Z:
¯’vbxq kvmb:
¯’vbxq miKvi bvMwiK‡`i Ges Zv‡`i `j, Zv‡`i ¯^v_© Ges cÖ‡qv‡bi cv_©K¨ mgy‡ni ga¨ ’Zv Ges ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Zv‡`i
AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ eySv‡Z cv‡ib hvi gva¨‡g cÖwZôvb, c×wZ Ges MVb e¨e¯’v Øviv MwVZ|
- kvmb e¨e¯’v Ges miKvix Kg©KZ©v‡`i KvR
- bvMwi‡Ki AskMÖnb
- ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Kgx©‡`i Askx`vwiZ¡
- me †m±‡i ¯’vbxq ‡jvKR‡bi ÿgZv
- Z‡_¨i GKvwaKv cÖevn
- Revew`wn cÖwZôvb Ges
- GKwU wcAviI - `vwi`ª Awf‡hvRb ÿgZv m¤úbœ e¨e¯’v MnbKvix
¯’vbxq miKvi AvBbx AeKvVv‡gv I ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii „wó‡Kvb hv c‡iI mÜvb †`q| GUv Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ Rb‡Mvwô (‡hgb:
¯’vbxq ch©v‡q miKvi, e¨w³MZ †m±i, mwgwZ, Ab¨wKQy bq) hv AvK…wZ Ges cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ AvbyôvwbK m¤ú‡K©i mxgv Øviv
AšÍ©f~³|
GwU ¯’vbxq chv©‡q AvDcyU Ges ivR‣bwZK I cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vi Kvh©KvixZv Mªnb K‡i| bvMwi‡Ki e„nËi ¯v‡_© ¯’vbxq
miKv‡ii mg_©b, GbwRI, Ges ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii ch©‡eÿ‡b m¤úK©xZ †emiKvix cÖK…qvq kvmb Gi g‡a¨ m½wZ Kiv GKwU
eo e¨e¯’v| AZGe, GwU ¯’vbxq kvmb cÖK…qv Ges ¯’vbxq kvm‡bi g‡a¨ ‡Rvo`vi KvR Kiv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j g‡b K‡i|
kvmb e¨e¯’v
mykvmb
RbM‡bi
miKvi
MbZvwš¿K miKvi
MbZvwš¿K cÖK…qv ¯’vbxq miKvi MbZvwš¿K miKvi
43
¯’vbxq miKvi
¯’vbxq miKvi GKwU cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v hv GKKfv‡e ¯’vbxqfv‡e wbe©vwPZ ev g‡bvwbZ nq| GwU U¨v· Av‡ivc ÿgZv mn
†Kw›`ªq miKvi KZ©„K wb‡ ©k bv nIqv ch©šÍ ev hw` bv e¨q Kivi ‡Kvb ÿgZv _v‡K †miƒc †Kvb MbZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi PvKv
wnmv‡e †evSvq| ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii cy‡iv kvmb cÖK…qvi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask|
¯’vbxq miKvi e¨e¯’vi `ywU cÖavb Dcv`vb Av‡Q| h_v:
K) wm×všÍ cÖK…qvq bvMwi‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb †g․wjK Kvh©vejx m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq kvmb ¯’vbxq miKvi
Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z; Ges
L) GB we‡ePbvi wfwˇZ h_vh_ e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡b ¯’vbxq miKvi `vqe× ivLv nq †h me MVb Z‡¯¿|
¯’vbxq miKvi‡ii mvsweavwbK weavb
evsjv‡`‡k MbcÖRvZwš¿ miKv‡ii mvsweavwbK ÿgZvqb Ges ¯’vbxq Dbœqb cÖK…qvq AskMÖ‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl mwµq GKwU
fywgKv iv‡L| †mB m‡½ Zviv evsjv‡`k miKvi‡ii ’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb cÖwZôvi Rb¨ weavb †`q|
evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` bs - 11: MbZš¿ I gvbevwaKv‡ii weavb †evSvq|
cÖRvZ‡š¿i gvby‡li e¨w³MZ ghv© v I g~j¨ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi Ges ¯^vaxbZv I
m¤§vb wbwðZ Kiv n‡e| hv GKwU MbZvwš¿K Ges me ch©v‡qi cÖkvmwbK cÖwZwbwa‡`i gva¨‡
gvby‡li Kvh©Ki AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i|
evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` bs - 59 (1) G ejv n‡q‡Q †h:
cÖRvZ‡š¿i cÖ‡Z¨K cÖkvmwbK BDwb‡Ui g‡a¨ ¯’vbxq miKvi AvBb Abyhvqx wbe©vwPZ e¨w³‡`i Øviv
MwVZ msMV‡bi Dci b¨¯Í n‡e|
evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` bs - 59 (2) G ¯’vbxq kvmb e¨e¯’vi wb‡ ©k Av‡b:
K) cÖkvmb I miKvix Kg©KZ©v‡`i KvR
L) RbM‡bi myweavi iÿbv‡eÿb
M) cÖ¯‘wZ Ges miKvix †mev I A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb m¤úKx©Z cwiKíbv ev Íevqb
evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` bs - 60 ‡Z ¯’vbxq kvmb e¨e¯’vi D‡jøL K‡i †h:
D‡jøwLZ Aby‡”Q` - 59 Gi weavb Øviv ¯’vbxq kvmb e¨e¯’vi MVb ÿgZv I Zvi wbeÜb Kiv ev
Zv‡`i ev‡RU cÖ¯ÍywZ I Znwej eRvq ivLvi weav‡b c~b© cÖfve eRvq iv‡L|
M) ¯’vbxq miKv‡i we`¨gvb e¨e¯’v MVb: evsjv‡`‡ki „wófw½
iv‡óªi g‡a¨ ¯’vbxq miKvi:
evsjv‡`‡k 64 wU cÖkvmwbK †Rjvq Ges bx‡P MÖvgxb KvDw݇ji Øviv MwVZ ¯’vbxq miKvi GKwU `ye©j e¨e¯’v ev cwil`
Ges hv‡`i Aax‡b †c․imfv i‡q‡Q|
gš¿x chv©‡q Z`viwK:
¯’vbxq miKvi I AvÂwjK Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿bvjq Gi g‡a¨ ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM Øviv cwiPvwjZ e¨e¯’v hv cve©Z¨
44
†Rjvq ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil` AvBb 1989 ev‡` Dbœqb Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi wbq¯¿b AvBb ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ `vqx cve©Z¨
welqK gš¿bvjq MVb K‡i|
KvDw݇ji aib:
¯’vbxq miKvi †ekx ev Kg GKB cÖKvi| Mªvgxb, kû‡i Ges cve©Z¨ †Rjvq fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡`i Kvh©vejx kû‡i
KZ©„c‡ÿi GKK ’vbxq Ges wmwU K‡cv©‡ikb I †c․imfvi †gqi Gi msL¨v Øviv AšÍ©f~³ K‡ib|
MÖvgxb ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii wZbwU PvKv Av‡Q| ‡hgb:
- †Rjv cwil (61wU †Rjv) Ges wZbwU cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` - Dc‡Rjv cwil` (500 wU Dc‡Rjv) Ges - BDwbqb cwil` (4452 wU BDwbqb)
1. Avievb KvDwÝj:
wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb I †c․imfvi †gqi whwb ‡c․imfvi cÖavb wnmv‡e KvR K‡ib| KvDwÝj m`m¨ Ges †gqi cÖwZ cvuP eQi
AšÍi wbev©P‡bi gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ nq| mivmwi wbe©vwPZ hviv †mBme bvix‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ Avmb i‡q‡Q|
2. ‡Rjv cwil`:
wZbwU cve©Z¨ †Rjv Qvov cÖwZwU †Rjvq GKwU KvDwÝj Av‡Q hv kZv©axb Ges GKwU †Rjv cwil‡`i GKRb †Pqvig¨vb
Øviv MwVZ| GB cwil‡` 15 wU Avmb Ges AwZwi³ 5 wU bvix Avmb Øviv MwVZ| †Pqvig¨vb I m`m¨‡`i GKwU wbe©vPbx
K‡jR Øviv wbev©wPZ nq|
3. Dc‡Rjv I BDwbqb cwil`:
‡Pqvig¨vb Ges mKj m`m¨‡`i - bvix Avmb mn mKj msiwÿZ Avmb - mivmwe wbe©vwPZ Kiv nq| †Pqvig¨vb I
m`m¨‡`i cy‡iv mgq KvR Ges miKvi Øviv ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggb GKwU m¤§vwbZ miKvi| we`¨gvb AvBb Abyhvqx
Dc‡Rjv cwil` KvDwÝj GKwU mivmwi wbe©vwPZ †Pqvig¨vb, cÖwZwbwa m`m¨, msiwÿZ Avm‡b bvix m`m¨ Ges Kvh©Kix
m`m¨‡`i Øviv MwVZ n‡e| cÖwZwbwaMb m`m¨ Dc‡Rjv cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb I cÖwZwU Dc‡Rjvi mgm¨ nb| Dc‡Rjvq
Kg©iZ miKvix wefvM Mbbvi gva¨‡g †fvwUs AwaKvi Qvov c`vwaKvi e‡j m`m¨ we‡ewPZ n‡e|
45
wPÎ: ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii eZ©gvb Ae¯’v
wPÎ: miKvi Ges ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii g‡a¨ KvV‡gvMZ cv_©K¨
¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM
¯’vbxq miKvi gš¿bvjq MÖvg Dbœqb Ges
mgšq
MÖvgxb e¨e ’v kn‡i e¨e ’v
wRjv cwil`
Dc‡Rjv cwil`
wmwU K‡cv©‡ikb
‡c․imfv
BDwbqb cwil`
evsjv`k mwPevjq cÖkvmb:
- g¯¿xeM©
- mwPeMb
wefvMxq cwiPvjK
wefvMxq
(Kwgkbvi )
†Rjv Kwgkbvi
Dc‡Rjv (BDGbI)
wRjv cwil`
Dc‡Rjv cwil` (&fvBm
†Pq¨vig¨vb)
BDwbqb cwil` (‡Pq¨vig¨vb
I †g¤^vi)
46
BDwbqb cwil‡`i we`¨gvb KvVv‡gv I Kvh©vejx:
Aby‡”Q` - 10: ’vbxq miKvi AvBb - 2009 Abymv‡i, BDwbqb cwil‡`i GKRb †Pqvig¨vb Ges (wZbwU bvix Avm‡b
msiwÿZ Avmb mn) 12 m`m¨ wb‡q MwVZ|
BDwbqb cwil‡`i KvVv‡gv wbb¥iæc:
- †Pqvig¨vb: mivmwi BDwbq‡bi †fvUvi‡`i Øviv wbe©vwPZ BDwbqb cwil‡`i GKRb †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ n‡eb|
- m`m¨: mivmwi BDwbq‡bi †fvUvi‡`i Øviv wbe©vwPZ bqwU IqvW© †_‡K wbe©vwPZ n‡e|
- bvix m`m¨: wZbwU Avmb bvix‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ Kiv n‡e| bvix m`m¨‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡K mivmwi GKwU BDwbq‡bi
g‡a¨ wZbwU IqvW© Gi cyiæl Ges bvix †fvUvi KZ©„K †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ n‡eb|
Awdwmqvj m`m¨:
- eøK mycvifvBRvi
- ¯^v¯’¨ mnKvix
- cwievi Kj¨vb Kg©x
- Avbmvi / wfwWwc I BDwbqb ch©v‡q Kg©iZ miKvix wefvM me Ab¨vb¨ †ÿ‡Îi Kgx©‡`i B&Dwbqb cwil‡`i
Awdwmqvj m`m¨ n‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i ‡fvwUs Kivi AwaKvi _vK‡e|
Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨:
- gyw³hy×vnZ e¨w³i cwiev‡ii cÖwZwbwaiv
- mgevq mwgwZi AšÍ©fz³ `j / †ckvRxwe (ZvZx, †R‡j, fzwgnxb kÖwgK, wb:¤^ bvix) hv‡`i †fv‡Ui AwaKvi †bB
‡mBme e¨w³eM© BDwbqb cwil‡`i m`m¨ n‡Z cvi‡e|
wPÎ: BDwci mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gv
†Pqvi g¨vb
‡g¤^vi - 9 (wbe©vwPZ)
Gwnjv †g¤^vi - 3
(wbe©vwPZ)
mwPe
(1)(Awbe©vwPZ)
KiAv`vqKvix ‡P․wK`vi `dv`vi
47
B&&Dwbqb cwil‡`i ’vqx KwgwU:
¯’vbxq miKvi welqK AvBb, 2009, Gi aviv 45 Abymv‡i cÖwZwU BDw c‡Z 13 wU ’vqx KwgwU Av‡Q | G¸wj wb¤œiæc:
1. A_© Ges ms¯’vcb
2. AwWUGes wnmve wefvM
3. Ki wbb©q Ges msMÖn
4. wkÿv, ¯v¯’¨ I cwievi cwiKíbv
5. K…wl, grm I cï m¤c`, Ab¨vb¨ A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb
6. Mvgxb AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb, msiÿb I iÿbv‡eÿb BZ¨vw`
7. AvBb k„•Ljv
8. Rb¥ I g„Zy¨ wbeÜb
9. m¨vwb‡Ukb, cvwb mieivn I wb®‥vkb
10. mvgvwRK Kj¨vb I `y‡hv©M e¨e¯’vcbv
11. ¯’vqx Dbœqb, cwi‡ek myiÿv Ges MvQ jvMv‡bv (evMvb Kiv)
12. cvwievwiK we‡iva, bvix I wkï Kj¨vb welqK wewa
13. ms¯‥…wZ I †Ljv
13wU ¯’vqx KwgwU QvovI miKv‡ii wbev©nx Av‡`k w`‡q wb‡¤œv³ BDwc †Pqvig¨vb KwgwU MVb K‡i B&Dwc ch©v‡q wbe©vwPZ
nq| ‡hgb:
- bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU (GGbwcwm)
- B&Dwbqb ch©v‡q gvbe cvPvi cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU
- BDwc Uv·‡dvm© KwgwU (cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi Rb¨)
- B&Dwbqb ch©v‡q K…wl myiÿv KwgwU
- BDwbqb ch©v‡q y‡hv©M e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU
- BDwbqb ch©v‡q evMvb iÿv KwgwU
- BDwbqb ch©v‡q wfwRwW KwgwU , BZ¨vw`
¯’vbxq kvmb e¨e¯’vi wefM n‡Z 23‡k †g 1989 mv‡j m/BDwc-6/89/397 (64) Gi cÖKvwkZ weÁwß Abyhvqx bvixiI
e¨w³ AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
µwgK bs wbe©vwPZ e¨w³ c` mgyn
1. BDwc‡Pqvig¨vb ‡Pqvig¨vb
2 bvix m`m¨, IqvW© bs - 1 m`m¨
3. bvix m`m¨, IqvW© bs - 2 m`m¨
4. bvix m`m¨, IqvW© bs - 3 m`m¨
5. BDwbq‡b cÖwZwôZ †m‡KÛvix ¯‥z‡ji cÖavb wkÿK m`m¨
6. cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©x m`m¨
¯’vqx KwgwU‡Z †Pqvicvimb wnmv‡e bvix cÖwZwbwa _vK‡e| †hLv‡b ’vqx KwgwUi GK Z…Zxqvsk e¨w³ (mnKvix m`m¨
e¨ZxZ) BDwbqb cwil‡`i wbe©vwPZ m`m¨ †_‡K wbe©vwPZ Kiv n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨KwU ¯’vqx KwgwU 5 †_‡K 7 m`m¨ wewkó¨ nIqv
DwPr; cÖ‡qvRb n‡j mswkøó wel‡q GKRb we‡klÁ e¨w³ wnmv‡e AšÍ©f~³ n‡Z cv‡i| ’vqx KwgwU‡Z wbe©vwPZ e¨w³ Qvov
¯’vbxq kvmb AvB‡bi aviv 45 (3) Abymv‡i AvBb k„•Ljv KwgwU‡Z †KD AšÍ©f~³ n‡Z cvi‡e bv| ¯’vqx KwgwU ïaygvÎ
AvBb k„•Ljv KwgwUi ‡Pqvig¨vb n‡e e‡j D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i AvBb k„s&Ljv KwgwU cªwZ `yB gv‡mi g‡a¨
GKevi K‡i †`Lv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
48
¯’vbxq kvmb AvBb 2009 Gi aviv - 46 (1) g‡Z, ‡Pqvig¨vb BDwc Gi mKj jÿ¨ cyiY Ki‡e| mKj cÖKvi wm×všÍ
cÖ`v‡b †Pqvig¨v‡bi wbe©nx ÿgZvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|
¯’vbxq kvmb AvBb 2009 Gi aviv - 46 (2) g‡Z †Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡:
K) wZwb BDwc mvaviY mfvi †Pqvi n‡eb Ges mfv cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|
L) wZwb mKj Aa: ’b Kg©KZ©v‡K wbixÿb I wbq ¿b Ki‡eb Ges Zv‡`i ‡MvcbxqZvi cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡eb|
M) wZwb miKvi ev wbR wbR DשZb Kg©KZ©v KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z e¨‡qi mxgv eRvq ivL‡eb|
N) wZwb BDwc mwPe‡`i m‡½ †h․_ ¯^vÿiKvix‡`i m‡½ Avq e¨‡qi wnmve cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb|
O) wZwb BDwc Gi e¨‡qi I ivR‡¯^i msMÖn UvKv w`‡Z BDwc Kg©KZ©v ev Kg©Pvix m`m¨‡`i KZ©„Z¡ Ac©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
P) wZwb ¯’vbxq kvmb AvB‡bi weavb m‡½ msMwZc~b© mg Í cÖvmw½K cÖwZ‡e`b cª¯‘Z Ki‡eb|
Q) wZwb GB AvBb Abymv‡i Ab¨ †Kvb KZ©„c‡ÿi `vwqZ¡I cvjb Ki‡eb|
‡mBmv‡_, †Pqvig¨vb cwil‡`i AbygwZ µ‡g AvBb Aa¨v‡`k ev wewa weavb Gi cwicš’x bq Giæc Rb¯v_© ev Rb¸iæZ¡c~b©
†Kvb Riæix KvR m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ wb‡ ©k w`‡Z cvi‡eb| GQvovI wZwb wb¤œwjwLZ KvR¸‡jv Ki‡eb:
- wZwb cwil` mfvq cwil‡`i mswkøó Kg©KZ©v ev Kg©PvixMb I Ab¨vb¨ miKvix `߇ii mswkøó Kg©KZ©v ev
Kg©PvixM‡bi Dcw ’wZ wbwðZ Ki‡be|
- GB AvBb ev Z`vaxb cÖbxZ wewai cwicš’x Ges cÖkvmwbK wek„•Ljvi Kvi‡Y mwPe Ges n ÍvšÍwiZ Ab¨vb¨ `߇i
Kg©KZ©v I Kg©PvixMb‡K cÖ‡qvR‡b h_vh_ c×wZ AbymiY K‡i mvgwqK eiLv ’ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- cwil‡`i mwP‡ei wbKU n‡Z cwil‡`i cÖkvmwbK welq msµvšÍ †h †Kvb K¬vwmdvBW †iKW© ev bw_ wjwLZfv‡e
Zje Ki‡Z Ges AvBb I wba©vwiZ c×wZ‡Z Av‡`k cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e wZwb GBiæc †Kvb K¬vwmdvBW
†Kvb †iKW© ev bw_ Zje Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv hv m¤úyb©iæ‡c mwPe ev msw¤øó Kg©KZ©vi wbR¯ ZË¡veav‡b _vK‡e|
- GB AvBb ev wewa, cÖweavb BZ¨vw`i cwicš’x Ges cÖkvmwbK wek„sLjv m„wói Kvi‡Y BDwbqb ch©v‡q Kg©iZ
Kg©Pvix mn cwil‡`i wbq¯¿bvaxb Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvix‡`i weiæ‡× h_vh_ KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBbvbyM e¨e¯’v
MÖb‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwZ‡e`b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- Zvi we‡ePbvq cwil‡`i †Kvb wm×všÍ GB AvBb ev Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb ev wewa weav‡bi cwic¯’x n‡j A_ev D³iæc
wm×všÍ ev ÍevwqZ n‡j Dnv Rb¯v ’¨, Rb¯v_© I RbwbivcËv wecbœ Kwi‡e e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡j wZwb Zv miKv‡ii
wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡eb|
2. BDwbqb cwil‡`i g~j Kvh©vejx:
¯’vbxq miKv‡ii AvBb - 2009 Gi aviv 47 Abymv‡i BDwci mv‡_ m¤úK©xZ PviwU †g․wjK wel‡qi mgvavb K‡i|
K) cÖkvmb I ms¯’vcb welqvw`
L) Rbk„•Ljv iÿv
M) RbKj¨vbg~jK Kvh© m¤úvw`Z †mev; Ges
N) ¯’vbxq A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb m¤úK©xZ cwiKíbv cÖbqb I ev¯Íevqb|
Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©vejx:
¯’vbxq miKvi (&BDwbqb cwil`) AvB‡bi aviv - 47 Abyhvqx B&Dwbqb cwil‡`i Ab¨vb¨ Kvh©vejx wbb¥iæc:
1. cvuP eQ‡ii cwiKíbv cÖbqb Ges `xN© c` Dbœqb cwiKíbv
2. MÖvgxb AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb, msiÿb I iÿbv‡eÿb Kiv
3. ‡g․wjK wkÿv Ges cÖv_wgK I Mbwkÿv cÖPvi
4. ¯^v¯’¨ ev¯Íevqb I cwievi cwiKíbv Kvh©µg MÖnb Kiv
5. K…wl, grm, cÖvbx I `y‡hv©M n«vm Kivi Rb¨ Kvh©µg MÖnb
49
6. gnvgvix wbq¯¿b I `y‡hv©M n«vm Kivi Rb¨ Kvh©µg MÖnb
7. U¨v·, wd, Uzj, BZ¨vw` wba©viY Ges msMÖn
8. bvix I wkï Kj¨vb m¤úK©xw` cwiev‡ii Ø›Ø I Kvh ©µg weavbvejx
9. mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ges Dbœqb mvgvwRK ms¯‥…wZ I cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ‡Póv MÖnb Kiv
10. cwi‡ek myiÿv I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM MÖnb
11. AvBb k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM MÖnY
12. Rb¥ I g„Zy¨ wbeÜb
13. miKvix Rwg, ‡Lvjv RvqMv, evMvb I †Ljvi gv‡Vi Z`viwK MÖnb
14. iv Ív I miKvix RvqMvq Av‡jv cÖ`vb Kiv
15. evMvb, I eb msiÿb
16. kkœvb I Kie¯’vb wbqš¿b Ges msiÿb
17. dzUcv_, gnmoK I miKvix RvqMv Ges Zv‡`i Sv‡gjv Gov‡Z AbvKvswLZ e¨w³‡`i hvZvq‡Zi we‡kl c_ mgyM iÿv
Kiv
18. iv Ívi Rb¨ ÿwZKi I gnvmo‡Ki iÿbv‡eÿb Kiv
19. †Mvei I iv¯Ív AveR©bv msMÖn, Acmvib I e¨e¯’vcbv wbwðZKib
20. Aciva I wec¾bK e¨emv wbq¯¿b
21. Mevw` cï e` I cï jvk AcmviY wbqš¿b
22. bZzb feb wbg©vb wbq¯¿b, BDwbq‡bi wec¾bK fe‡bi cyb:wbg©vb
23. msiÿb Ges R‡ji Drm, cyKzi I Rj e›Ub jvB‡bi iÿbv‡eÿb
24. cvwbi Dr‡mi ylb wbqš¿b Ges Aby‡”Q` myÎ I e›Ub jvBb †_‡K msMÖnwZ cvwb e¨env‡ii Dci mxgve×Zvi AbygwZ
†`q
25. wbqš¿b I cvwbq R‡ji Drm wnmv‡e e¨envi K‡i cvwbi Dr‡mi g‡a¨ œvb, Kvco †avqv I Mevw` cïi Pvib mxgve×
Kib
26. cvwbq R‡ji Drm wnmv‡e msiwÿZ Rjvf~wg‡Z cvU †fRv‡bvi / e¨env‡ii AbygwZ cÖ`v‡b mxgve×Zv cÖ`vb I wbqš¿b
27. AvevwmK GjvKvq Pvgovi is cÖK…qv mxwgZ KiY I wbq¯¿b
28. AvevwmK GjvKvq Lbb K‡i cv_i I Ab¨vb¨ DcKib msMÖn wbq¯¿b I mxgve×Zv Av‡ivc
29. mxgve×Zv I AvevwmK GjvKvq BU fvUv, gvwUi cvÎ I Ab¨vb¨ DcKib msMÖn Kiv wbq¯¿b I mxgve×Zv Av‡ivc
30. miKv‡ii mnvqZv I AwMœms‡hvM, eb¨vg mvB‡K¬vb, So, fzwgK¤ú I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK wecR‡qi gy‡LvgywL Riyix e¨e¯’v
MÖnb
31. weaev, Abv_, `wi ª I AbMÖmi gvby‡li ZvwjKv •Zix Ges Zv‡`i mnvqZv Kib
32. mgevq Av‡›`vjb I MÖvgxb wkí Dbœq‡b DrmvwnZ Kib
33. Lv`¨ Drcv`b e„w× Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnb
34. M„ncvwjZ cï msiÿb I wbqš¿b
35. cÖv_wgK Drcv`b e„w× Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnb
36. BDwc wbe©vPbx mg‡q wbivcËv cÖ`vb Ges wbev©Pbx †jvKR‡bi myweav MÖn‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM MÖnb
37. B‡jKUªwbK myweav cÖ`vb Ges e¨env‡i DrmvwnZ Kib
38. cÖvmw½K †mev cÖwZôv‡bi mgšq I mn‡hvMxZv evov‡bv
39. miKvi KZ…©K wbav©wiZ `vwqØ mÂvjb
50
O. MbZvwš¿K ’vbxq kvm‡bi Rb¨ ó¨ÛvW© †mU;
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ GKwU MbZvwš¿K mgv‡R cÖavb cÖK…qv| cwZwbwa wbev©P‡b bvMwi‡Ki civgk© †`qv n‡”Q| ZvB ¯’vbxq miKvi
wZbwU †g․wjK Dcv`v‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i M‡o I‡V:
- Av¯’v
- wek¦ ÍZv
- mš‘wó
cÖ_gZ: Av¯’v ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii •eaZv wbiæc‡b AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~b©
Dcv`vb| myZivs. RbM‡b ‡fv‡U wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i `vwqZ¡B g~j|
wØZxqZ, bvMwiK Ges ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ m¤úK©
wbwðZ Ki‡Z wbf©iZv wbwðZ Kiv| Z„ZxqZ: RbM‡bi m¯‘wó weavb Ges ¸bMZ gvb iÿv Kviv|
†mBmv‡_ cÖ‡qvRb wfwËK †mev cÖ`v‡bi mv‡_ RbM‡bi Pvwn`v cyiY
Kiv n‡”Q ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii cÖavb `vwqZ¡|
AZGe, •eaZv wba©vi‡Y ¯’vbxq RbM‡bi Ges Zv‡`i `j mgyn, Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Ges ¯^v_© iÿv Kivi AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡
m¤úv`b Kiv| hvi gva¨‡g cÖwZôvb, c×wZ Ges cÖK…qvi Dci Ae`vb m„wó Kiv| GwU GKwU cÖK…qvkxj Ges `vqx c×wZ‡Z
Zv‡`i KvR mÂvjb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e| KZ©„cÿ Ges m¤ú` e¨e¯’vnm ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i KvR Ki‡Z
mÿg n‡e| mywkj mgv‡Ri e¨w³eM© mn wbev©wPZ cÖwZwbwaiv we‡kl welq wb‡q‡jvPbv mv‡c‡ÿ mykxj mgv‡Ri `vex cyib
Ki‡eb|
MbZvwš¿K ’vbxq miKvi Gi cÖavb g~jbxwZ:
KvDwÝj Ae BD‡ivc Gi g‡Z ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii g~jbxwZ mgyn wb¤œiæc ‡`qv nj:
1. wbi‡cÿ wbe©vPb, Dc¯’vcbv Ges bvMwi‡Ki AskMÖnb
2. ms‡e`bkxjZv
3. djcÖmy Kvh©KvixZv
4. AKcUZv Ges ¯^”QZv
5. AvB‡bi kvmb
6. •bwZK †hvMv‡hvM
7. Kg©`ÿZv
8. D™¢veb I cwieZ©b Ki‡Z ¯^xKvh©
9. ’vqxZ¡ Ges `xN©‡gqv`x myÎxZv
10. Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv
11. gvbevwaKvi, ms¯‥…wZK •ewPΨ Ges mvgvwRK ms‡hvM
12. `vqe`×Zv
1. wbi‡cÿ wbe©vPb, Dc¯’vcbv Ges RbM‡bi AskMÖnY
o G bxwZ AbyMvgx †evSvq:
o ¯’vbxq miKvi wbe©vP‡b †Kvb RvwZqvwZ Qvov AvšÍ©RvwZK gv‡bi Ges RvZxq AvBb Abyhvqx, Aev‡a Ges †gvUvgywU
cwiPvwjZ †hme welq mgyn
o RbM‡bi Kvh©Kjvc †K› ª Ges ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q RbM‡bi my®úó Kvh©ejx‡K msMvwqZ Kiv nq
o ‡h mg Í bvix I cyiæl cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib Zv‡`i wm×v Í MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ `„pZv _vK‡Z nq| e¨vcK AskMÖnY,
Awfe¨w³, mgv‡ek I msMVb Kivi ¯^vaxbZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y „p KÚ
o wewfbœ •ea ¯^v_© MÖn‡Y ga¨ ’Zv Ges cy‡iv m¤úª`v‡qi †miv wel‡q
‣eaZv
wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv
51
o m¤úª`v‡qi †fZ‡i ga¨ ’Zv Kiv Ges mvaviY welqvejx‡Z wm×v‡šÍ †c․uQv‡Z mn‡hvMxZv Kiv
2. ms‡e`bkxjZv:
- D‡Ïk¨, wewa, KvVv‡gv I c×wZ e¨env‡i •ea cÖZ¨vkv I RbM‡bi Pvwn`v †hvM Kiv nq
- ‡mev weZib Kiv nq Ges Aby‡iva I hyw³hy³ mgqmxgvi g‡a¨ mKj †mev cÖK…qv wbwðZ nq
3. djcÖmy Ges Kvh©KvixZv:
GB bxwZ‡Z D‡jøL Kiv nq †h,
- djvdj mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v cyiY
- m¤ú‡`i mwVK e¨envi
- g~j¨vqb welqK e¨e¯’vcbv cÖK…qv Ges g~j¨vqb Dbœq‡b `ÿZv I Kvh©KvixZv
- mvgvwRK g~j¨vqb Ges Kg©ÿgZv DbœZ Ki‡Z wbqwgZ ‡`Lvïbv
4. kVZv Ges ¯”QZv:
kVZv Ges ¯”QZv Abyhvqx ‡evSv:
- AvBbvbyM wm×všÍ MÖnY I cÖ‡qvM Kiv
- ‡MvcbxqZv myiÿv Ges Avevmb c×wZi wbwðZ e¨e¯’v Kiv hv AvB‡b D‡jøL Kiv nq Ges RbM‡bi hvZvqvZ Ges
†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v wbwðZ K‡i
- Z_¨, wm×všÍ, bxwZgvjv Ges djvdj ev Íevqb Kvh©Kifv‡K Abymib Ges ¯’vbxq KZ©„c‡ÿi Kv‡Ri Ae`vb mgyn
Dcjwã Kiv
5. AvBbi kvmb:
AvB‡bi kvmb Abyhvqx KvR Kiv:
- ¯’vbxq cÖwZwbwa Ges KZ…cÿ AvBb I wePvi wefvMxq wm×všÍ †g‡b Pjv
- wewa I cÖweavb Abyhvqx MÖnxZ nq I wbi‡cÿZv Rvix Kiv nq
6. •bwZK AvPiY:
‣bwZK AvPiY ej‡Z GUv †evSvq †h,
- RbM‡bi e¨w³ ¯^v_© Av‡M ’vcb Kiv nq
- me ai‡bi ybx©wZi weiæ‡× Kvh©Kix e¨e¯’v Ges cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v Kiv
- RwoZ e¨w³i cÖvmw½K wm×v‡šÍ AskMÖnb Ges cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv
7. Kg©`ÿZv Ges †hvM¨Zv:
GB bxwZi Øviv †evSvq †h,
- †ckv`vix Kg©`ÿZv avivevwnKfv‡e eRvq ivLv Ges ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii Kg© AvDUvcyU Ges cÖfve we¯Ívi Kiv
- miKvix fv‡e µgvMZ Kg©ÿgZv D‡Ïk¨ g~jK
- ev Íe c×wZ Ges c×wZ‡Z fv‡jv dj cvevi ÿgZvi g‡a¨ `ÿZv AR©b Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvM Kiv
8. cwieZ©‡bi myÎcvZ Ges AvaywbKZv
G bxwZ Abymv‡i †evSvq:
- mgm¨vi D™¢vebx Ges Kvh©Kix mgvavb PvIqv I myweavRbK †mev e¨e¯’vi AvaywbK c×wZ †bqv nq
- bZzb †Kvb welq cixÿvKiY Ges Ab¨‡`i AwfÁZv †_‡K wkL‡Z cÖ¯‘Z
- fvj djvd‡ji ¯v‡_© cwieZ©b wbb©q Kiv
9. ’vqxZ¡ Ges `xN©m~ÎxZv
G bxwZ mgyn wb¤œiæc:
52
- fwel¨r cªR‡b¥i Pvwn`v cyiY K‡i cwiKíbv MÖnY I bxwZ Dbœqb we‡ePbvq †bqv
- m¤úª`v‡qi aviYÿgZv µgvMZ ¯’vbxq Dbœqb cwiKíbv we‡ePbv K‡i †bqv
- wm×všÍ mK LiP AšÍixb K‡i w`‡Z Ges fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥I (cwi‡ekMZ, KvVv‡gvMZ, Avw_©K ev mvgvwRK m¤úK©)
mgm¨v I D‡ËRbv n ÍvšÍi bv Kivi Rb¨ msMÖvg Kiv
- `xN© †gqv`x „wó‡Kvb cwiKíbvi †mwUs ¯’vbxq †cÖÿvc‡U Ges RwUjZvq my¤úó e¨e¯’v †bqv
10. Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv welqK
GB †evSvq †h,
- ¯’vbxq †mev mvkÖqx Ges bvMwiK Dcjä
- ¯’vbxq m¤ú`, ivR¯^ Lv‡Z Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv, ¯’vbxq m¤c` I Znwej e¨envi
- SzwK Abygvb Ges e¨e¯’vcbv
11. gvbevwaKvi, ms¯‥…wZ •ewPÎ Ges mvgvwRK ms‡hvM
GB bxwZ‡Z †evSvq †h,
- gvbevwaKvi, m¤§vb‡K myiwÿZ K‡i Ges ‣elg¨ wbikb K‡I
- mvs¯‥…wZK ‣ewPÎ GKwU m¤ú` wnmv‡e Mb¨ Kiv nq Ges hviv A‡bK †ekx ÿwZMÖ¯’ Zv‡`i mbv³ K‡i µgvMZ
cÖ‡Póvi d‡j GwU wbwðZ Kiv nq †h Zviv AiwÿZ bq
- mvgvwRK ms‡hvM Ges AbMÖmi GjvKvi Dbœqb Kiv
- GUv Riæix †h, RbmsL¨vi me‡P‡q AbMÖmi As‡ki Rb¨ we‡kl Avmb msiwÿZ Kiv
12. `vwqZ¡:
G bxwZ Abyhvqx †evSv hvq †h,
- mKj †bZ„¯’vbxq e¨w³eM© (mgwóMZ Ges ¯^Zš¿) Zv‡`i wm×všÍ †bevi `vwqZ¡
- cÖwZ‡e`b Ges Gi e¨vL¨mn Aby‡gv`b Kivi `vwqZ¡
- Kzkvmb Gi weiæ‡× ¯’vbxq KZ…©c‡ÿi weiæ‡× Kvh©Ki cÖwZKvi bvMwiK AwaKvi jsNb ¯’vcb Kiv
D‡jøL¨ †h,
`vqe×Zv wbwðZ K‡i †h, ’vbxq kvmb hv `vwi ª ~ixKib K‡i m¤úª`v‡qi mKj c‡qvRb cyiY K‡i mykvm‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY
K‡i|
AMÖmi nevi welqwU wbb¥wjwLZ fv‡e wbwðZ Kiv hvq Gfv‡e:
1. ØvwqZ¡
2. DËi‡hvM¨
¯^”QZv
3. wek¦vm †hvM¨Zv
4. Øvqe×Zv
Dj¤ Øvqe×Zv
Abyf~wgK Øvqe×Zv
53
wPÎ: `vqe×Zvi Dbœq‡bi c_
P. mykvmb ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii cÖwZ evauv (Pi GjvKvi D`vnib wnmv‡e)
evsjv‡`‡k Pi GjvKv mgZj GjvKv n‡Z wew”Qbœ, GjvKvi †jvKRb myweav ewÂZ Ges Dbœq‡bi cÖevn n‡K m¤úyb©iæ‡c
wew”Qbœ| PiGjvKvi cªvq 30 fvM †jvK †g․wjK AwaKvi n‡Z m¤úyb©iæ‡c ewÂZ Ges ’vbxq ‡mev †K‡›`ª AwZ `wi`ª‡`i
hvZvqvZ Av‡Q wKbv! A_©vr AwZ `wi ª Rb‡Mvôx miKv‡ii me©wb¤œ Kj¨vb †mev n‡Z (¯v¯’¨, wkÿv, AvBbMZ myiÿv,
mvgvwRK wbivcËv, we`y¨r I we‡bv`b) ewÂZ n‡q‡Q wKbv wKsev ‡mev †fvM Kivi my‡hvM †c‡q‡Q wKbv|
evsjv‡`‡k Pi GjvKvi ev ÍeZv Abyhvqx ¯’vbxq kvmb cÖwZôvi cÖavb evauv nj:
1. gvby‡li Pvwn`v I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cyiY
2. ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii ev‡RU Ges cwi‡cwÿZ cwiKíbv Dbœqb
3. mvgwRK fv‡e AšÍ©f~w³
4. wbfikxjZv (ÿgZv Ges KZ…©c‡ÿi mxwgZ we‡K› ªxKib Gi djvdj)
5. wj½ mgZvi f~wgKv evuav
6. cyiæ‡li AwacZ¨/ †cwUªqvwK© Ges
7. ¯^í A_¨ cÖevn
¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb Ges KZ©„c‡ÿi `vqe×Zv Ges MbZvwš¿K ¯’vbxq kvmb cÖwZôvq mvdj¨ jvf K‡i myweav cÖ`v‡bi
e¨e¯’v _vKv DwPr|
D‡jøL Kiv hvq †h, ’vbxq kvmb miKvi cÖwZôvb Ges KZ…©cÿ `je×Zv I MbZvwš¿K ¯’vbxq kvmb cÖwZôvq mvdj¨ jvf
K‡i †bZ…Z¡ †`evi myweav _vKv DwPr|
wPÎ: mvd‡j¨i c_
54
GB †mm‡bi jÿ¨:
GB ‡mmb †k‡l AskMÖnbKvix Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb †h:
- AskMÖnYg~jK cwiKíbv I ev‡R‡Ui gvb eyS‡Z cvi‡e
- AskMÖnYg~jK cwiKíbv Ges Zvi mgqmxgvi cÖavb cÖavb avc eyS‡Z cvi‡e
- BDwc A_©vq‡bi cÖavb Drm eyS‡Z cvi‡e
- BDwbqb cwil‡`i ev‡RU Pµ eyS‡Z cvi‡e ‡mkb mywPcÎ:
- AskMÖnY g~jK cwiKíbv Ges Zvi mgqmgy‡ni Av‡jvPbv
- AskMÖnYg~jK cwiKíbv Ges Zvi mgqmxgvi cÖavb cÖavb avc
- BDwc A_©vq‡bi cÖavb Drm
- BDwbqb cwil‡`i ev‡RU Pµ
AskMÖnYg~jK cwiKíbv I ev‡R‡Ui avibv:
AskMÖnYg~jK cwiKíbv I ev‡RU ¯’vbxq AMÖvwaKvi, bxwZ, cwiKíbv Ges m¤ú‡`i eivÏKiY cÖ‡qvRb cÖKí wPwýZ Ki‡Z
bvMwiK‡`i m¤ú©³Zv Ges GB cÖK…qvq GKwU ¯’vbxq miKvi I Zvi cwiKíbv I ev‡PU cÖPjb K‡i hvi gva¨‡g wm×všÍ
MÖn‡Yi cªK…qvq RbM‡bi AskMÖnb|
¯’vbxq m¤ú‡`i eivÏKi‡bi Dci evauv Av‡ivc K‡i ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖK…qvkxj n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| AskMÖnbg~jK cwiKíbv
Ges mvgvwRK `vqe×Zvi Rb¨ AbyKzj Ae¯’vi cwi‡ek •Zix K‡i| ‡hgb:
- AMÖvwaKvi cÖK…qvq AskMÖnY K‡i, bvMwi‡Ki ¯’vbxq miKvi fvj KvR m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ Av‡Q wKbv Ges
†Kvb KvR msMwVZ n‡q‡Q wKbv - ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖK…qvq mvavi‡bi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z m¤ú` bvMwi‡Ki g‡a¨ mgq I kÖg wewb‡qvM K‡i Av‡iv
fvj wKQz Kivi †cÖibv †RvMvb D`vniY: BDwc i AskMÖnYg~jK Kg© cwiKíbv GKwU †g․wjK welq|
bvg: BDwbqb cwil‡`i evwl©K Kg© cwiKíbv
BDwbq‡bi bvg: Dc‡Rjv:
‡Rjv:
wfmb/BDwbqb cwil‡`i jÿ¨:
wgkb/ BDwbqb cwil‡`i D‡Ïk¨:
‡Kvb Z_¨wU Avcbvi
`iKi?
A‡_©I myÎcvZ/Avq wKfv‡e GUv
Ki‡Z n‡e
Gi Rb¨ KZ mgq
cÖ‡qvRb
†K ev Kviv
`vwqZ¡cÖvß
gšÍe¨
‡mmb cvuP
AskMÖnb gyjK cwiKíbv Ges ev‡RU
55
AskMÖnbg~jK cwiKíbv Ges Zvi mgq wbiæcb welqK Av‡jvPbv:
c`‡ÿc mgyn:
c`‡ÿc - 1: BDwbqb Dbœqb KwgwUi cÖbqb
c`‡ÿc - 2: IqvW© †kvfv / wgwUs msMwVZ Kiv
c`‡ÿc - 3: BDwbqb Dbœqb KwgwU Gi PyovšÍ cÖKí
c`‡ÿc - 4: Db¥y³ ev‡RU
wPÎ: c`‡ÿc Ges AskMÖnbg~jK cwiKíbv I ev‡R‡Ui mgq
cÖavb Kvh©ejx Gi avc mgyn:
c`‡ÿc - 1: BDwbqb Dbœqb KwgwUi cÖbqb
cÖ_g ch©v‡q, BDwc ÓBDwbqb Dbœqb KwgwUÓ cÖbqb Kiv n‡e| GKm‡½ BDwc KwgwUi Dbœqb cwiKíbv cÖbqb Dbœqb
†deªæqvix gv‡m D‡Ï¨vM wb‡Z n‡e|
c`ÿc - 1:
BDwbqb MVb I Dbœqb mgšq KwgwU
mgq: †deªæqvix
c`ÿc - 2:
IqvW© mfv Av‡qvRb (mvgÄm¨Zv wbiæc‡b)
mgq: gv‡P©i cÖ_g mßvn
c`ÿc - 2:
BDwbqb Dbœq‡b mvgÄm¨Zvi PzovšÍ KiY
KwgwU , mgq: gv‡P©i †kl mßvn
me: Last week of March
c`ÿc - 2:
‡Lvjv ev‡RU
mgq: GwcÖ‡ji cÖ_g mßvn
c`ÿc - 2:
BDwbqb cwil‡` we‡kl wgwUs I cwieíbv
mn ev‡RU Aby‡gv`b
mgq: †g
56
¯’vbxxq kvmb AvBb - 2009, aviv - 95 g‡Z, miKv‡ii ’vbxq kvmb wefvM wbb¥iæc| hv BDwbqb Dbœqb mgšq KwgwU
Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i MwVZ n‡q‡Q|
µ
bs
wba©vwiZ e¨w³ c`ex
1. BDwc †Pqvig¨vb ‡Pqvi cimb
2. mKj BDwc m`m¨e„›` m`m¨
3. ÷vwÛs KwgwUi mKj m`m¨e„›` m`m¨
4. GjwRBwW Gi mnKvix BbwRwbqvi m`m¨
5. mnKvix cÖv_wgK wkÿv Kg©KZ©v m`m¨
6. mn-mnKvix K…wl Kg©KZv, K…wl m¤úªmviY wefvM m`m¨
7. †Mviÿv gvV Kg©KZ©v, Rxb wefvM m`m¨
8. ‡Mviÿv mnKvix gvV Kg©KZ©v (Rxb m¤úªmvib), Rxb wefvM m`m¨
9. mnKvix gvV Kg©KZ©v, grm wefvM m`m¨
10. mn-mnKvix KwgDwbwU ¯^v¯’ Kg©KZ©v,¯v¯’¨ wefvM m`m¨
11. ¯^v¯’ cÖ`k©K, ¯^v¯’¨ wefvMe m`m¨
12. mnKivx ¯^v¯’¨ cÖ`k©K, ¯^v¯’¨ wefvM m`m¨
13. cwievi cwiKíbv cÖ`k©K, cwievi cwiKíbv wefvM m`m¨
14. cwievi Kj¨vb mnKvix Kg©KZv, cwievi cwiKíbv wefvM m`m¨
15. BDwc ‡mvm¨vj Kg©KZ©v, mgvR Kj¨vb wefvM m`m¨
16. BDwbqb †bZ„e„›`, Avbmvi I wfwWwc m`m¨
17. wUDeI‡qi †gKvwbK, Mb ¯^v¯’¨ BbwRwbqvwis wefvM m`m¨
18. KwgDwbwU AM©vbvBRvi, GjwRBwW m`m¨
19. gvV AM©vbvBRvi, weAviwWwe m`m¨
20. weevn †iwRw÷ªKviK (KvRx), Gj‡R Ges msm` welqK gb&µbvjq m`m¨
21. ¯‥zj e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwUi cÖwZwbwae„šÍ (1- cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq Ges 1- gva¨wgK
we`¨vjq)
m`m¨
22. GbwRI cÖwZwbwa e„›` (gvV Kg©KZ©v) – 1 m`m¨
23. mvgvwRK msövi cÖwZwbwa e„šÍ – 1 m`m¨
24. övbxq e¨emv KwgDwbwU cÖwZwbwa e„›` m`m¨
25. agx©q cÖwZwbwa e„›` - 1 m`m¨
26. gwnjv cÖwZwbwae„šÍ (`yB Rb) m`m¨
27. BDwc mwPe m`m¨ mwPe
wbb¥iæc BDwbqb Dbœqb mgšq KwgwUi cÖavb KvR n‡”Q:
1. mvgwRK,A_©‣bwZK Dbœqm cwiKíbv, ev¯Íevqb Ges BDwbqb mgšq mnRZi KiY
2. BDwbqb AvBb k„•Ljv cwiw ’wZ eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ Ges DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡Ï¨vM ‡bqv
3. miKv‡ii Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ wefvM Øviv mywPZ me Dbœqb Kvh©µg AMÖMwZ chv©‡jvPbv cÖ¯Ívebv Ges AbyKzj
kZ© •Zix Ki‡Z mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv
4. ev¯Íe m¤§Z Pvwn`v g~j¨vqb I Dbœqb ms¯’vi mv‡_ DbœZ mgšq Øviv Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Kg© cwiKíbv cÖbqb Ges ‡mev
cÖ`vb cwiw ’wZ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv
5. gvby‡li Rxeb Dbœq‡b mnvqZv †_‡K fvj e¨env‡ii D‡Ï¨vM MÖnb
6. wewfbœ Dbœqb msMVb, mvwf©m †m›Uvi, Dc‡Rjv cwil` I mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Û AskMÖnbKvix e¨w³ e‡M©i Nwbó mgšq I
†hvMv‡hvM eRvq ivLv
7. ¯’vbxq m¤ú‡` msnwZ Ges `vi †kÖô e¨env‡ii Rb¨ ev¯Íe m¤§Z D‡`¨vM MÖnb
57
8. BDwbqb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ KvR Kivi m‡½ hy³ ms¯’v Ges e¨w³ hv‡`i fvj Kv‡Ri cyi¯‥vi cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g DrmvwnZ Kiv
9. ’vbxq Dbœq‡b cvV Ges Abykxjb Kiv Ges GwU Dbœq‡bi fwel¨r cÖwZwjwc
10. BDwc wbe©vPbx GjvKvi †jvKR‡bi RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM ‡bqv| BDwbqb Dbœqb mgšq
KwgwUi gvwmK Kv‡Ri wfwˇZ †`Lv Kiv Ges mvfvi c‡i 7 Kvh©w`e‡mi g‡a¨ Dc‡Rjv †Pqvig¨vb, Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx
Kg©KZ©v‡`i cvVv‡bv|
c`‡ÿc - 2: IqvW© †kvfv / wgwUs msMwVZ Kiv
AskMÖnbg~jK cwiKíbvi wØZxq av‡c IqvW© †kvfv / mfvq ¯’vbxq bvMwi‡Ki Øviv ¯’vbxq Pvwn`v / mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv| GB
msµvšÍ BDwc m`m¨ mgv‡e‡k AskMÖn‡bi GKwU Mb Pvwn`v / mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv| BDwc m`m¨ mgyn mgv‡e‡k AskMÖn‡bi
gva¨‡g GKwU Mb †Nvlbviq ’vbxq gvbyl Ges wewfbœ bvMwiK †Mvwô cÖwZwbwa‡`i Avgš¿b Kiv DwPr| ¯’vbxq BDwc m`m¨
†Pqvig¨vb AskMÖnbg~jK wgwUs †`qv †hLv‡b Dc‡`óv wnmv‡e bvix BDwc m`‡m¨ KvR wba©vib Kiv nq|
GwU ¯’vbxq miKvi Dbœqb cwiKíbv wewagvjv, 2011 Abyhvqx ¯’vbxq RbM‡bi gZvgZ msMÖ‡ni gva¨‡g (wefvM - 6) MÖnY
Kiv DwPr| †hLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj Z_¨ Ges Zvi AMÖvwaKvi msMÖn eQ‡i me©wb¤œ yB Iqv‡W© mfvi
Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡e|
gyjZ: IqvW© mfv / mfvi cÖK…qv wb‡b¥v³ fv‡e msMv I ZvwjKvi Ae`vb wbb¥iyc:
we`y¨r Gi IqvW© mfvi Kvh©vejx:
- BDwbqb Dbœqb cwiKíbv ‣Zixi g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj Z_¨ cÖ`vb
- Zvi AMÖvwaKvi msMª‡ni g‡a¨ mnvqZv cª`vb
- gv‡P©i cÖ_g mßv‡ni g‡a¨ Dbœqb KwgwUi mnvqZvq Lmov evwl©K cwiKíbv PzovšÍ Kiv
- e›Ub Ges MZ eQ‡ii evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b, Avw_©K eivÏ Ges Pjgvb Kg© mgyn IqvW© ¯Í‡ii Dbœqb Kg©m~Px
chv©‡jvPbv
Pvwn`v / mgm¨v Ges AMÖvwaKvi wfwˇZ mvRv‡bv:
¯’vbxq Pvwn`v / mgg¨v Ges Zvi AMÖvwaKvi wfwˇZ mvRv‡bvi Rb¨ GKwU †Ug‡cøU e¨envi Kiæb:
µ bs mgm¨v / cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi eb©bv AMÖvwaKvi cwigvcK
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
AskMÖnYg~jK Dbœqb cwiKíbv
cÖ‡qvRb/mg¨v wba©viY Ges AMÖMvgx
welq
mvgÄm¨c~b© cwiKíbv I
AMÖMvgx welq
ZvwjKvf~³ Kib
58
10. 11.
c`‡ÿc - 3: BDwbqb Dbœqb KwgwU Gi PyovšÍ cÖKí
GB ch©v‡q, B&Dwbqb Dbœqb KwgwUi IqvW© mfv hv cÖ¯ÍvweZ Ges mswÿß / AMÖvwaKvi †`qv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡i| wbe©vPb Kiv
nq †h, Dbœqb cÖKí PzovšÍ wnmv‡e wbb¥wjwLZ gvb`Û we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
- mswÿß ZvwjKvf~³ Rb‡Mvwô msL¨vMwiô `‡ji Kj¨vb ¯xK…Z
- msMvwqZ Pvwn`v `wi ª m¤úª`v‡qi Rb¨ mnvqn n‡Z nq
- GwU bvix evÜe c~b©
- GwU mvgvwRK wbqg Gs cwi‡ekMZ Kvh©KvixZv we‡ePbv K‡i
- BwZg‡a¨ GwU‡K msMv cÖ`vb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡i ‡h, Av‡Mi w¯‥g Gi m‡½ †hb msNl© bv nq|
- ¯’vbxq m¤ú` Ges AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb Kiv hvq Giæc mg_©b‡hvM¨ GKwU e¨e¯’v
gv‡P©i cÖ_g mßv‡n (BDwc wb‡qvM) Dbœqb cwiKíbv KwgwUi AvnevqK BDwbqb cwil‡`i wbe©vwPZ w¯‥g Dc¯’vcb K‡i ywU
¯’vqx KwgwUi mn BDwbqb cwil‡`i c~b© `j (A_©vr A_© I ms¯’vcb KwgwUi Ges Avw_©K wbixÿv KwgwUi wnmve) wbev©wPZ
K‡i g~j¨vq‡bi ci Zviv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ Dbœqb cÖKí PzovšÍ K‡i|
c`‡ÿc - 4: Db¥y³ ev‡RU
GwcÖj gv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n BDwbqb cwil‡`i GKwU Db¥y³ ev‡RU Awa‡ek‡b ¯’vbxq RbM‡bi GKwU `j Avgš¿b Rvbvq Ges
BDwbq‡bi ev‡RU cÖ¯‘wZ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i gZvgZ Avkv K‡i| Db¥y³ ev‡RU Awa‡ek‡b Av‡jvPbvi ci wKQz cwieZ©b
cÖ¯ÍvweZ ev‡R‡U •Zix n‡Z cv‡i Ges Zvici mvavi‡bi gZvgZ mv‡c‡ÿ PzovšÍ ev‡R‡U cª¯‘Z Kiv|
c`‡ÿc - 5: BDwc Gi we‡kl •eV‡Ki cwiKíbv I ev‡RU Aby‡gv`b
PzovšÍ ch©v‡q, BDwbqb cwil‡` Pzov¯Í cwiKív I ev‡RU Aby‡gv`‡bi GKwU we‡kl •eV‡K Avgš¿b Rvbv‡bv| Gi c‡i
Aby‡gvw`Z cwiKíbv I ev‡R‡Ui Kwc PzovšÍ Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡Rjv wbev©nx Kg©KZ©v (BDGbI) Kv‡Q Rgv w`‡Z n‡e|
M. BDwc Gi cÖavb A_©vqb Drm:
BDwc A_©vq‡bi `ÕywU †g․wjK myÎ Av‡Q| G¸wj nj:
1. BDwc ivR¯^ Znwej
2. BDwc Dbœqb Znwej
cÖwZ eQi, BDwbqb cwil‡`i ----- ¯’vbxq kvmb AvBb - 2009 Gi aviv 58 Gi Abymv‡i, AvMvgx Avw_©K eQ‡ii 60
w`‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU Avq-e¨‡qi wee„wZ †`qv Ges Zv ’vqx KwgwUi m`m¨ I ¯’vbxq RbM‡bi AskMÖn‡b Avk¦ Í K‡i GKwU
Db¥y³ mgq Dc¯’vcb K‡i|
1. BDwc ivR‡¯i cÖavb Drm:
¯’vbxq m¤ú` Dbœq‡b ivR‡¯i cªavb Drm¸‡jv n‡”Q:
- ¯’vbxq nvU evRv‡i R‡ji Drm, BU fvUvi †ÿÎ, Lvm Rwg eivÏ †_‡K U¨v· /nvi / wd AbygwZ msMÖn
- wewfbœ e¨w³ / cÖwZôv‡bi Znwej
- Avw_©K wewb‡qvM †_‡K gybvdv msMÖn
- miKv‡ii wb‡qvM KvR Abyhvqx Ab¨vb¨ Av‡qi Drm
- miKvix wbqg I wb‡ ©k Abyhvqx ivR¯^ msMÖn
- Av‡Mi eQ‡ii AwZwi³ Dbœqb Znwej (wbw`©ó Dbœqb cwiKíbvq e¨q)
59
2. BDwc Dbœqb Znwe‡ji cÖavb Drm:
evwl©K Dbœqb cwiKíbv †_‡K cyuwR eivÏ
AwZwi³ ivR¯^, ’vbxq A_©vqb
Dc‡Rjv ev †Rjv cwil` †_‡K cyuwR
Dbœqb w¯‥g Gi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ Drm †_‡K cyuwR
Ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ Drm †_‡K cyuwR
Ab¨vb¨ Avc¸wji m‡½ Dbœqb w¯‥g Bw›U‡MÖU ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ A_©vqb M„nxZ
ev Íevq‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq KZ…©cÿ ev ms ’vi mv‡_ Pzw³i gva¨‡g Znwej msMÖn
miKv‡ii GjwRGmwc - II ‡K mg_©b
BDwbqb cwil‡`i ev‡RU Pµ
wb‡P BDwbqb cwil‡` ev‡RU cÖ‡m‡mi welq †`qv nj:
wPÎ: wewfbœ avc G
IqvW© †j‡fj mfv /wgwUs ’vbxq
cwiKíbv I ev‡RU
BDwc‡Z WªvÞ ev‡RUcÖbqb
‡Lvjv ev‡RU
we‡kl wgwUs Gi gva¨‡g ev‡RU
Aby‡gv`b
Aby‡gvw`Z ev‡R‡Ui GKwU Kwc
BDGbI Gi wbKU cÖ`vb
ev‡RU ms‡kvab (hw` `iKvi nq)
ev Íevq‡bi Rb¨ ev‡RU ms‡kvab
‡deªæqvix
GwcÖj
GwcÖj
31 †g
31 †g
eQ‡ii †h †Kvb mgq
eQ‡ii †h †Kvb mgq
c`ÿc-1
c`ÿc-1
c`ÿc-1
c`ÿc-1
c`ÿc-1
c`ÿc-1
c`ÿc-1
60
Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l, AskMÖnYKvixiv hv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb-
Z_¨ AwaKvi Gi avibvMZ A_© Ges cUf~wg eyS‡Z
BDwbqb ch©v‡q Z_¨ AwaKvi (AviwU AvB) Rb¨ AvBbx weavb eyS‡Z
Z_¨ AwaKv‡i gvby‡li †hvMv‡hvM DbœwZ
Awa‡ek‡bi mywPcÎ:
- Avibv g~jK A_© Ges Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb - 2009 Gi cUf~wg
- BDwbqb ch©v‡q Z_¨ AwaKvi (AviwU AvB) Gi ‡eAvBbx weavb
- Z_¨ AwaKv‡ii Dbœq‡bi c_mgyn
K. Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb - 2009 Gi avibvMZ A_© Ges cUf~wg eyS‡Z
Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb - 2009 Gi aviv - 2(Q) Gi f~wgKv wnmv‡e ejv hvq †h, †Kvb KZ©ycÿ †_‡K Z_¨ cÖvß nevi AwaKvi
ej‡Z eySvq -
†Kvb †g‡gv
‡Kvb bKmv, gvbwPÎ,
Pzw³ , GKwD›U
WvUv, jM eB, cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖKí cÖ¯Íve
Av‡jvKwPÎ, AwWI, AsKb, †cBwUs, Pjw”PÎ, B‡jKUªwbK hš¿
cvV‡hvM¨ †iKW©, Z_¨wPÎ DcKiY
msweavb Ges †Kvb KZ©„cÿ KZ©„K Kvh©Kjv‡ci Kwc
Z‡e, GwU GB iv÷ª wbivcËvi ¯^v‡_¨ AvB‡bi Øviv Av‡ivwcZ hyw³msMZ evuavwb‡la mv‡c‡ÿ hv †evSvq| we‡`kx hy³iv÷ª,
cvewjK AW©vi, kvjxbZv ev •bwZKZv A_ev Av`vjZ, gvbnvwb ev cÖeZ©bv Aegvbbvi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ I eÜyZ¡c~b© m¤úK©
GKwU Aciva (aviv - 7, Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb - 2009)
Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡bi cUf~wg:
evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_gZ: evsjv‡`k †cÖm KvDwÝj - 1983 mv‡j miKvix Z_¨ cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ ¯^vaxbZv †P‡q GKwU cÖKvkbv
†ei K‡i| Gi ci cÖwZôv‡bi miKvix Z_¨ RbM‡bi AMÖmiZv wbb©‡q RbMb Aek¨ Kibxq welq mgyn‡K Av‡iv †ekx
‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi c‡ÿ Av¸qvb K‡i, hv Z_¨ AvBb - 2002 wnmv‡e AvBb Kwgk‡b Lmiv wnmv‡e wewae× nq| 2006 mv‡j
‡Rvov‡jv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g miKvi Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb wnmv‡e AwaKvi w`‡Z cÖ¯‘Z nq|
c‡i 2008 mv‡j Z_¨ AwaKvi Aa¨v‡`k GKwU AvBb wnmv‡e ZZ¡veavqK miKv‡ii Pvwn`v †g‡b Pjvi D‡Ï¨M MÖnY K‡i,
hvi avivevwnKZvq 2009 mv‡j 9g RvZxq msm‡` AvBb wnmv‡e cvm nq|
Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb - 2009 Abymv‡i wewfbœ AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ MVb K‡i †g․wjK gvbevwaKvi wnmv‡e mKj‡K wPwýZ K‡i|
- cÖwZwU e¨w³ miKvi‡K Z_¨ ‡mev cvevi Aby‡iva Kivi Av‡Q Ges wKQz †ÿ‡Î GgbwK †emiKvix ms¯’v wba©vwiZ bv
n‡j Z_¨ mieivn Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
- Z_¨ mieivn Kivi `vwqZ¡ †bevi Rb¨ miKvi‡K Aby‡iv` Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
‡mmb Qq
Z_¨ AwaKvi Ges ¯’vbxq kvm‡b Zvi ¸iæZ¡
61
- cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i RbM‡bi AwaKvi‡K Z_¨ cKvk Kiv miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡
wPÎ: Z_¨ AwaKv‡ii †iLwPÎ
L. BDwbqb ch©v‡q Z_¨ AwaKvi (AviwU AvB) Rb¨ AvBbx weavb eyS‡Z:
evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` - 39 Abymv‡i ejv hvq †h,
Òevsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki wPšÍv, we‡eK I evK ¯^vaxbZv Av‡QÓ
Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb - 2009 ‡evSvq †h,
- Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb wnmv‡e Avgv‡`i msweavwbK eva¨evaKZv (Z‡_¨ AwaKvi AvBb - 2009 mv‡j cÖ¯Íebv wnmv‡e
cÖbxZ nq - mg Í ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi miKvix cÖwZôvi (BDwc/ LGI) Gi / fvM mwµq Ges cªwZwµqvkxj Dfq c×wZ‡Z Z_¨
(aviv - 2, 4 Abymv‡i Z_¨ AwaKvi 2009) cÖKvk Ki‡Z eva¨evaKZv Av‡Q| - we`¨gvb AvB‡bi weavb wnmv‡e Ab¨ AvB‡bi mv‡_ we‡iva n‡j Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb - 2009 Gi aviv - 3 Abymv‡i
Z_¨ cvevi AwaKvi PvB‡Z n‡e
- ¯’vbxq miKvi (BDwbqb cwil`) AvBb - 2009 Abymv‡i Z_¨ AwaKvi AvB‡bi cÖ‡ek †evSvq|
BDwc‡Z Z_¨ cÖKvk:
BDwc‡Z Z_¨ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ ÒwmwU‡Rb PvU©viÓ ev †mevi ZvwjKv, †hvM¨ gvb`Û Ges wba©vwiZ mg‡q wba©vwiZ dig¨vU
cÖKvk Kiv `iKvi (aviv - 49)
evsjv‡`‡ki ‡Kvb e¨w³ BDwc †_‡K Z_¨ cvevi AwaKvi Av‡Q (Aby‡”Q` - 78 (1))
BDwc †_‡K Z_¨ †c‡Z mKj‡K mnvqZv:
BDwc‡Z wmwU‡Rb PvU©vi ev Zvi ZvwjKv mn †hvM¨ Ges mgq wbi‡cÿ di‡gU e¨envi Kiv
(‡mKkb - 49)
Z_¨ AwaKvi
bvMwi‡Ki Pvwn`v (Z_¨ †LvuRvi
Rb¨)
‡hvMvb ‡`qv (BDwc / ’vbxq
e¨e¯’v) (Z_¨ mieivn Ges
cªvwßmva¨)
Aby‡iv‡ai wfwˇZ Z_¨ cªKvk
`ªæZ Z_¨ cÖKvk
cwiKíbv I ev‡RU ¯”QZv:
- BDwc Iqv‡W©i Aaxb GKwU Db¥y³ Mb wgwUs (aviv - 57) Ges Zvi Rb¨ AvswkK ev‡RU _vK‡e
- Mb wgwUs Gi AMÖvwaKvi wnmv‡e ev‡RU Abymv‡i BDwc‡Z cÖ ‘Z Kiv IhvW© mfvi cwiKíbv
(Aa¨vq - 6 (1we)
- ‡hvM¨ myweav‡fvMx‡`i ZvwjKv IqvW© mfvi gva¨‡g Mb wgwU Gi gva¨‡g wbe©vPb Kiv n‡e (aviv -
57(2)
ev Íevq‡b ¯”QZv:
- BDwc cÖK‡íi ev Íevq‡bi AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Zvi †fvUvi Kgc‡ÿ 5% w`‡q IqvW© mfvi
Aaxb cÖwZwU Iqv‡W© evwl©K ywU Rbmfv n‡e (aviv - 5,6,7)
- eQ‡ii evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b IqvW© mfvi evwl©K mfvq wbR wbR BDwc m`m¨ KZ©„K ‡NvwlZ Kiv n‡e
(aviv - 5 (6)
62
M. Z_¨ AwaKv‡ii Dbœq‡bi c_:
GKwU `jxq Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g mvavi‡bi Z_¨ PvIqvi Dbœqb| wb¤œwjwLZ cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g `jxq Kv‡Ri e¨e¯’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
1. mvavib gvbyl c~‡e©i Ges fwel¨‡Zi †Kvb Z_¨¸‡jv Pvq / †Lvu‡R?
eZ©gvb e¨e¯’v fwel¨r
‡hgb:
- BDwbqb cwil‡`i Avq m¤úKx©Z Z_¨
- wewfbœ ai‡bi myweav‡fvMx Z_¨
- ‡mev Z_¨
Avcwb eZ©gv‡b wKfv‡e mwµq n‡eb Ges wKfv‡e Avcwb cye© Z_¨ I fwel¨r Z_¨ cÖKvk Ki‡eb?
eZ©gvb ‡cÖÿvc‡U BDwc
†Kvb Z_¨? wKfv‡e GUv cÖKvk cvq?
Avw_©K e¨e ’vcbvq ¯”QZv:
BDwc AwWU wi‡cvU©© IqvW© mfvq cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Gi cÖwZµqv IqvW© mfvq Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e
(6(3))
Pvwn`vi Dci BDwc Z_¨ cÖKvk:
GKRb bvMwiK BDwc d‡g© ev wbav©wiZ d‡g© Z_¨ mieiv‡ni Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡e (aviv - 79 (1))
Z_¨ †`evi Rb¨ BDwc G g‡bvbxZ Kg©© †K?
GKRb B&Dwc Kg©x whwb mwPe ev BDwc m`m¨ Øviv g‡bvbxZ {aviv - 80 (2)}
`vwqZ¡ cÖvß Kg©KZ©v‡`i eva¨evaKZv
- `vwqZ¡cÖvß Kg©KZ©v Z_¨ cÖ vb bv Ki‡j Rwigvbv / kvw Íi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e (aviv - 80 (2).
63
‡hgb: ‡Kvb †Kvb welq _vK‡e?
- BDwbqb cwil‡`i Avq I e¨q
- BDwbqb cwil‡`i cwiKíbv / ev‡RU
- wewfbœ myweav‡fvMx Z_¨
- †mev Z_¨
- we`¨gvb wbeÜv‡bi †iKW©, AvBb I wb‡ ©wkKv Z_¨
`jxq Kv‡Ri djvd‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i Avgiv BDwc Z_¨‡K‡›`ª mvavi‡bi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi I DbœZ Kg©cwiKíbv wb‡¤œ †`qv
nj:
†Kvb ai‡bi Z_¨
cÖ‡qvRb
wKfv‡e (wK
Dcv‡q)
KLb?
(mgq)
‡Kv_vq ?
(¯’vb)
‡K?
(`vwqZ¡ cÖß e¨w³)
gšÍe¨
64
Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnbKvixiv hv Rvb‡eb:
- wjM¨vj GB‡Wi A_© I cUf~wg
- evsjv‡`‡k wjM¨vj GB‡Wi AvBbx weavb
- wjM¨vj GBW Ges AwZ `wi ª gvby‡li b¨vq wePv‡i cÖ‡e‡ki AwaKv‡ii ‡hvMm~Î
Awa‡ek‡bi m~PxcÎ:
- wjM¨vj GB‡Wi A_© I cUf~wg
- evsjv‡`‡k wjM¨vj GB‡Wi AvBbx weavb
- wjM¨vj GBW Ges AwZ `wi ª gvby‡li b¨vq wePv‡i cÖ‡e‡ki AwaKvi
K. wjM¨vj GB‡Wi A_© I cUf~wg:
GBW k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© ÔmnvqZvÕ Kiv| ZvB wjM¨vj GBW †K AvBbx mnvqZv ejv nq| wjM¨vj GBW Gi avibv
gvbevwaKvi I mgZv mg_©b AvBb Ges AvB‡bi mgvb GKwU myiÿv welq wnmv‡e Mb¨ nq| AvB‡bi kvmb Ges AvB‡bi
†Pv‡L mK‡j mgvb wnmv‡e mK‡ji gvbevwaKvi‡K DbœZ K‡i|
GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv weªUvwbKvi msMvg‡Z AvBbMZ mnvqZv webvg~‡j¨ ev ¯íg~‡j¨ †ckvMZ AvBb mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
AvšÍ©RvwZK wePvi Kwgkb ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, wjM¨vj GBW n‡”Q GK cÖKvi Dc‡`k Ges Av`vj‡Zi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ hv mvavib
gvby‡li myiwÿZ Rxe‡b ‡hgb - ‡eu‡P _vKv, m¤úwˇZ ev myb‡gi mKj cÖKvi ûgwK n‡Z iÿv K‡i|
we‡k¦i Dbœqbkxj †`‡k wjM¨vj GB‡Wi weavb Abymv‡i `wi ª‡`i Rb¨ mvavib RbM‡bi AvB‡bi mgZvi ¯’vb ‣Zix nq|
AvBb †ckv`vix e¨w³ eM© `wi ª‡`i ÔAvBbMZ mnvqZvÕ ej‡Z wb‡Pi wZbwU welq‡K ‡evSvq:
K) Avw_©K mnvqZv †evSvq, A_ev
L) †Kvb AvBbMZ wel‡q KvDwÝwjs †evSvq; A_ev
M) Av`vj‡Zi Kv‡Q †Kvb e¨w³i myiÿv †evSvq
wjM¨vj GB‡Wi avibv Dbœqb:
wjM¨vj GB‡Wi avibv cÖ_‡g ïiæ nq †ivgvb mg‡q| wKš‘ wjM¨vj GB‡Wi cÖ_g AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i 1250 mv‡ji g¨vMbv
KvU©vi 40 bs Aby‡”Q‡`| G‡Z ejv nq †h,
ÓwePv‡i ev AwaKv‡ii wel‡q Avgiv KvD‡K wewµ Kie bv, KvD‡K A¯xKvi ev ‡`ix Kive bvÓ
c„w_ex‡Z AvB‡bi Kv‡Q mK‡j mgvb| AvšÍRvwZK gvbevwaKvi welqwU cÖ_g ïiæ nq cÖ_g wek¦ hy‡×i c‡i, jxM Ae
b¨vkbm Ges gvbevwaKv‡ii †Nvlbvi gva¨‡g|
1876 mv‡j wbD BqK©‡Ki Rv©gvb mgv‡R mvgvwRK AvBbMZ mnvqZv ïiæ nq Rvg©vbx Awfevmx hv Av‡gwiKv‡Z cÖZvibvi
wkKvi n‡qwQj Zv‡`i mnvqZvi gva¨‡g| wKš‘ Av‡gwiKv‡Z 1944 mv‡j `wi ª‡`i Rb¨ AvBbMZ mnvqZv cÖ`vb ïiæ nq hv
c‡i BD‡K‡Z `wi ª‡`i Rb¨ AvBbMZ mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kvh©µg ïiæ nq| 20 kZ‡K AvBbMZ mnvqZvi avibv e„w× †c‡q
‡mmb: mvZ
wjM¨vj GBW Ges wePv‡i cÖ‡ek: AwZ `wi ª‡`i ‡cÖÿvc‡U
65
miKvix Kj¨v‡b cwibZ nq| GwU wQj Avw_©K Ges mvgvwRK wePv‡ii c~e©kZ©| GB ch©v‡q, iv‡÷ªi mK‡j mgZvi wfwˇZ
webvg~‡j¨ mnvqZv jvf cvevi AwaKvi cÖvß nq| GwU gvbevwaKvi I mgZv‡K DbœZ K‡i| mgv‡R AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôv
K‡i|
wePvicwZ eøvKgyb R¨Kkb ebvg wekc gvgjvi gva¨‡g GwU †bvwUk K‡i †h,
ÒAvBbMZ mnvqZvi avibvi g~j¨vqb Wjv‡ii gva¨‡g Kiv hv‡e bv| A_© wePvi cÖv_©xi Kv‡Q †Kvb f~wgKv ivL‡e bv|Ó
Biv‡bi gvbevwaKvi wel‡q RvwZms‡Ni m‡¤§jb †Nvlbv K‡i †h:
- cÖwZwU ivóª mKj bvMwi‡Ki gvbevwaKvi Ges †g․wjK ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ AvBbMZ mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi wbðqZv cÖ`vb
Ki‡e
- wfKwUg Avw_©K fv‡e, †ckvMZ fv‡e ev AvBbMZfv‡e mnvqZv c‡e
- miKvi e¨w³i AwaKvi f‡½i welq wb‡q AvBbMZfv‡e `iKvix e¨e¯’v †b‡e Ges hw` `iKvi nq Zvn‡j cª‡Z¨‡K
`iKvix c`‡ÿc ‡b‡e
hw` `iKvi nq, RvwZmsN e¨w³i Dbœq‡b Dc‡`k g~jK †cÖvMÖvg ev we‡kl Ávb m¤úbœ e¨w³eM© ev ivóª Øiv KvwiMix
mnqZv c`vb Ki‡e|
GUv ejv hvq †h, wjM¨vj GBW n‡”Q AvšÍ©RvwZK fv‡e MwVZ ÒAvšÍRvwZK Dc‡`óv †mev cÖ`vbKvix msMVbÓ| 1970 mv‡j
GB msMVbwU †Nvlbv K‡i †h, †Kvb AvBb mnvqZv †cÖvMÖvg‡K mwµq Ki‡Z n‡j miKv‡ii g~j bxwZ Ges †hvM¨Zvi wel‡q
Dbœqb Kiv n‡e| GB bxwZ Abymv‡i Ges †hvM¨Zv wePv‡i miKvi `wi ª‡`i Rb¨ wjM¨vj GBW †cÖvMÖvg ïiæ Ki‡Z `iKvix
c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡e|
hv‡nvK, AvBbMZ mnvqZv ywU cÖavb welq †g‡b P‡j| hv wb‡¤§ †`qv nj:
- AvBbMZ mnvqZv Ges mvgvwRK welq
- AvBbMZ mnvqZv Ges †d․R`vix welq
eZ©gvb mg‡q, wjM¨vj GB‡Wi GKwU bvg cyb:ms¯’vb mnvqZv|
wjM¨vj GB‡Wi avibv Ges Ab¨vb¨ AvšÍ©RwZK AvBb:
wewfbœ AvšÍ©RvwZK AvBb Abymv‡i mK‡ji mgvb myiÿv Ges AvB‡bi •elg¨nxbZvi welqwU Av`k© iæ‡c Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
AvšÍ©RvwZK AvBb mgyn:
- gvbevwaKvi mb‡`i aviv - 7 Abymv‡i ejv nq, wjM¨vj GBW n‡”Q •elg¨ Qvov AvBb I AvB‡bi mgvb mgZv
- AvBwmwmwcAvi Gi aviv - 26 Abymv‡i ejv nq ÕAvB‡bi †Pv‡L mK‡j mgvb Ges mK‡j GKB my‡hvM cv‡e
- AvBwmwmwcAvi - 1966 Gi aviv 14(3)(N) Abymv‡i Aciv‡ai wel‡q wjM¨vj GB‡Wi weKí wnmv‡e aiv nq
L. evsjv‡`‡k wjM¨vj GB‡Wi cÖwfkb mgyn:
cÖvK…wZK wePv‡ii bxwZgvjvq ejv nq †h, Ò‡KD webv wePv‡i kvw¯Í †fvM Ki‡e bvÓ| wb‡R‡K iÿvi Rb¨ GKRb e¨w³i
AvBbx e¨e¯’v wba©vib Kivi welqwU 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` - 27 G D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|
Ò‡mLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h, mKj bvMwiK AvB‡bi „wó‡Zi mgvb Ges mgvb my‡hvM cvivi AwaKvi
Av‡Q|Ó
msL¨v Mwiô gvby‡li wjM¨vj GB‡Wi Øviv DcK…Z nq| Zviv Zv‡`i AvBbMZ AwaKvi Ges •ea wel‡q myiÿv mn b¨vq
wePvi cvevi Rb¨ wb‡R‡`i e¨envi Ki‡Z mÿg nq| wjM¨vj GBW mvwf©m G± - 2000 Aaxb `wi ª gvby‡li Aw_©K myweav
cÖ`v‡bi myweav mn mywePvi cvevi AwaKvi Av‡Q|
ZvwjKvfz³ AvBbRxexMb
wjM¨vj GBW G¨v± - 2000 Gi ‡mKkb - 15 Abymv‡i:
66
mywcÖg †Kv‡U© AvBb mnvqZv K‡i‡Q Ggb cvuP eQ‡ii AwfÁZv m¤úbœ †Kvb AvBbRxwe ev whwb mywcÖg †Kv‡U©
AvBbRxwe wnmv‡e gvgjv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb|
cÖwZwU †Rjv KwgwU‡Z wjwceä AvBbRxwe Ges whwb †Rjv Av`vj‡Z gvgjv cwiPvjbvq 5 eQ‡ii AwfÁZv AR©b
K‡i‡Qb A_ev †Rjv Av`vj‡Z AvBb civgk© cª`vb Kivi 5 eQ‡ii AwfÁZv Av‡Q
‡h bvix AvBbRxwe AšÍZ: GK eQ‡ii AwaK mgq AvBbRxwe wjwce× n‡q‡Qb
‡Kvb †Rjv KwgwU ev †Kvb †ev‡W©i AvBbRxwe Øviv c¨v‡bj AvBbRxwe wnmv‡e AvBb mnvqZv cÖ`v‡b wm×všÍ ‡`evi
†hvM¨Zv Av‡Q
GwU D‡jøL Kiv hvq‡h, Av‡e`bKvix Zvi cQ›`g‡Zv AvBbRxwei gva¨‡g Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
‡K wjM¨vj GB‡Wi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡i?
wjM¨vj GBW AvB‡b - 2000 Abymv‡i we‡kl †Kvb welq †bB| Z‡e AvBb I wePvi gš¿bvjq AvB‡bi aviv 24 Abymv‡i
wKQz w`Kwb‡ ©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i| wb‡Pi welq we‡ePbv K‡i wjM¨vj GBW AvB‡bi AvIZvq †Kvb e¨w³ Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡i:
‡Kvb gyw³‡hv×v whwb Avq Ki‡Z AvswkK ev cy‡ivcywifv‡e Aÿg A_ev hvi evrmwiK Avq 6000 UvKvi
bx‡P;
‡Kvb e¨w³ whwb eq¯‥ fvZv cvb;
wfwRGd KvW© avix Mixe bvix ;
bvix I wkï †h cvPv‡ii wkKvi ;
bvix I wkï hviv Gwm‡W AvµvbZ n‡q‡Q ;
‡h e¨w³ Rwg A_ev M„nnxb, †Kvb Mixe, ¯^vgx ev AwffveKnxb †Kvb bvix
kvixwiK Ges gvbwmK fv‡e †h e¨w³ Avq Ki‡Z mÿg bq
‡h e¨w³ Avw_©K Kvi‡Y Zvi AwaKvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z AcviM
Avw_©K msK‡U ev Ab¨ †Kvb mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK Kvi‡Y ev y‡hv©‡Mi mg‡q †Kvb e¨w³‡K cÖ`vb Kiv †Kvb AvBb mnvqZv
†evW©|
wKfv‡e wjM¨vj GB‡Wi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Kiv nq:
RvZxq AvBbMZ mnvqZv †evW© A_ev †Rjv AvBbMZ mnvqZv KwgwUi Kv‡Q mKj Av‡e`b Ki‡Z nq|
hw` †Kvb Av‡e`b †Rjv KwgwU †_‡K evwZj n‡q hvq Ges †Kvb e¨w³ wm×v‡šÍ weiæ‡× weÿ× nq ZLb RvZxq wjM¨vj GBW
†evW© 60 w`‡bi g‡a¨ ‡Rjv Av`vj‡Z wm×v‡šÍ weiæ‡× GKwU †Nvlbv cª`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
wjM¨vj GB‡Wi cwiwa:
wjM¨vj GB‡Wi wewa - 2001 Abymv‡i wjM¨vj GBW Abymv‡i wjM¨vj GBW AvBbRxwe wb¤œwjwLZ c×wZ‡Z wjM¨vj GB‡Wi
A_© cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
- Avwc‡ji GKwU AviwR ev †g‡gv Lmov Kivi Rb¨ m‡eŸv©”P 1000 UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡e
- GKwU wjwLZ wee„wZi Lmov Kivi Rb¨ m‡eŸv©”P 1000 UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡e
- ‡Kvb wewea gvgjvi Av‡e`b ev wjwLZ wee„wZ cÖ¯‘Z Kivi Rb¨ 600 UvKv
- ‡Kvb Av‡jvPbvg~jK Av‡e`b Gi Lmov Kivi Rb¨ m‡e©v”P 500 UvKv ev Zvi Dc‡i
- PzovšÍ ïbvbxi Rb¨ m‡e©v”P 500 UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡e, †`Iqvbx gvgjvi ïbvbxi Rb¨ 800 UvKv, ‡d․R`vix gvgjvi
Rb¨ 500 UvKv Ges †Kvb Riæix Av‡e`‡bi Rb¨ 200 UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡e
- mnKvix miKvix cÖwmwKDU‡`i wd Gi nvi nvB‡KvU© wefvM Qvov ‡d․R`vix Av`vj‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ AvBbRxwe‡`i
g‡ZvB †`qv nq
- mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i GKwU gvgjvi Rb¨ m‡eev©”P 2000 UvKv ch©šÍ †`qv nq|
67
M. AwZ `wi ª‡`i wePv‡i cÖ‡ek Ges AvBbMZ mnvqZv:
mvavib e¨w³‡`i wePv‡i cÖ‡ek Gi Rb¨ AvbyôvwbK ev AbvbyôvwbK cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g Ges gvbevwaKv‡ii gvb`Û Abymv‡i
ÿgZv cÖ`vb †evSvq|
GwUi gvbevwaKv‡ii mv‡_ †Rvov‡jv m¤úK© i‡q‡Q|
cÖ_gZ: ‡g․wjK AwaKvi n‡”Q gvbevwaKvi mb‡`i Aby‡”Q` - 8 G D‡jøwLZ AwaKvi|
ÒcÖ‡Z¨‡KiB AwaKvi f‡½i wel‡q cÖwZKvi †c‡Z msweav‡bi Øviv ev AvB‡bi Øviv Zv‡K Av`vj‡Z AwaKvi jsN‡bi
welqwU AeMZ K‡i wePvi PvB‡Z n‡e|Ó
wØZxqZ: GwU A_© n‡”Q myiÿv Ges AwaKvi‡K Dc‡fvM Kiv
Z„ZxqZ: GwU Ab¨vb¨ AwaKv‡ii mv‡_ hy³| †hgb: Z_¨ AwaKvi, kvwiixK wbivcËv, †MvcbxqZvi AwaKvi Ges e¨w³MZ
wel‡qi AwaKvi
hvB‡nvK, wePv‡ii ywU gvÎ †hvM nj:
- c×wZMZ fv‡e cÖ‡ek (GKwU b¨vh¨ ïbvbx)
- ev Íe b¨vq wePv‡i (b¨vh¨ †c‡Z Ges ïay gvbevwaKvi jsNb wel‡q cÖwZKvi †c‡Z)
wKš‘ evšÍeZv GB †h, AwZ `wi`ª‡`i wePv‡i cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ GKwU eo †mKUi KvR Ki‡Q| Ach©vß AvBbMZ Ávb, cªv‡qvwMK
RwUjZv, `xN© cÖK…qv, mg‡qi AvBbMZ mnvqZv Ges GB `jwU wePvi cÖv_©bvq mnvqZv K‡i| †mg‡Z, AwZ `wi`ªRb‡Mvwô
wbf©i K‡i †h,
- ¯’vbxq mvwjm A_ev MÖvg¨ mvwjm (cvwievwie Ges Rwg msµvšÍ wel‡h) Ges
- me©wb¤œ Av`vjZ (kvw Í cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨)
¯’vbxq mvwjm ev MÖvg Av`vjZ BDwbqb cwil` KZ©„K wbqwš¿Z Ges Gi Rb¨ †Kvb LiP nqbv| Ges mn‡R Awf‡hv‡Mi
wb¤úwË Kiv m¤¢e| hv AwZ `wi`ª‡`i Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| wK ‘ Zviv mvavib Ávb wb‡q wb¤œ Av`vj‡Z Awf‡hvM
`vwLj Ki‡e| hv c‡i gvgjvwUi djvdj wbwðZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| miKvix e¨w³eM© wjM¨vj GB‡Wi weavbvejx AwZ
`wi ª‡`i wbKU †c․u‡Q w`‡Z D‡Ï¨vM MÖnb Ki‡e| AwZ `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwô hviv cÖwZwbqZ msMÖvg Ki‡Q Zv‡`i ‣ea gvgjv mgyn
ev Íe iæc †c‡Z mn‡hvMxZv Ki‡e|
68
GB †mm‡bi jÿ¨:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l, AskMÖnbKvix hv Rvb‡eb:
- evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxb wePvi e¨e ’v m¤ú‡K© eyS‡Z
- MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi A_© eyS‡Z
- Mªvg Av`vj‡Zi MVb, AvBbx GLwZqvi Ges ÿgZvi m¤ú‡K©
‡mmb myPxcÎ:
- evsjv‡`‡k MÖvg Av`vjZ e¨e ’v
- MÖvg Av`vjZ Kv‡K e‡j?
- MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi MVb, wePvi e¨e ’v Ges MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi ÿgZv
- BDwbqb cwil‡` MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi f~wgKv
evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxb wePvi e¨e ’v:
MÖvgxb wePvi e¨e ’vi ywU cªavb w`K (evsjv‡`‡k Mªvgxb wePvicwZ wbb©q Abymv‡i)| h_v:
1. ivóªxq MÖvgxb wePvi e¨e¯’v; †hgb: MÖvg Av`vjZ (MÖvg Av`vjZ AvBb - 2006 Gi Aax‡b MwVZ)
2. MÖvgxb wePvi e¨e¯’vi †bZ…Z¡: †hgb - mvwjm, GwWAvi, BZ¨vw`
GwU ivóªxq †bZ…‡Z¡ wePvi e¨e ’vi AbymiY K‡i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wK ‘ evsjv‡`‡k ivóªxq wePvi e¨e ’vq KvR Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb
m ywbw`©ó AbvbyôvwbK wePvi e¨e ’vq KvR Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ †Kvb mywbw`©ó AvBb Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k ivóªxq e¨e¯’vq AbvbyôvwbK wePvi
e¨e ’vi wel‡q GUv ’vbxq ixwZ bxwZ, HwZn¨ ev agx©q AbymiY K‡i ev cwiw¯’wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i wm×všÍ MÖnY|
cÖ‡ekvwaKvi cvevi e¨vwß:
MÖvg Av`vjZ evsjv‡`‡k MÖvgxb gvby‡li GKwU eo Aa¨vq cÖ_vMZ b¨vq wePvi e¨e ’vq `wi ª‡`i cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †c‡Z e¨e ’v MÖnY K‡i|
G Av`vjZ cÖ_vMZ b¨vq wePvi I e¨q eûj bq Ges GwU MÖvgxb `wi`ª gvby‡li Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v wb‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L| G
Av`vjZ †h me LiP cÖ`vb K‡i:
- Av`vjZ hvZvqvZ fvZv cª`vb K‡i
- gvgjvi mKj LiP enb K‡i (AvBbRxwei wd mn)
AvBbRxwei wd KLbI KLbI weZKx©Z wel‡qi g~j¨ gv‡bi †P‡q †ekx nq| AvBbMZ mnvqZv wePvi e¨e¯’v cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq h‡_ó
bq| MÖvgxb mvavib RbMb cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq AvBb welqK mnvqZv Lye Kg cvq|
MZ 17 RyjvB 2011 Zvwi‡L ‣`wbK cwÎKv Òw` †WBjx ÷viÓ Gi myÎg‡Z, cÖvq 30 jÿ gvgjv evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ Av`vj‡Z SzjšÍ
i‡q‡Q| Ges wb¤œ Av`vj‡Z cÖvq ‡lvj jÿ gvgjv| Gig‡a¨ MZ cvuP eQ‡i gyjZwe gvgjvi msL¨v nq - 6,46485. (myÎ: 18
†m‡Þ¤^i - 2011)
µgvea©gvb Pvwn`v Abymv‡i iv÷ª bvggvÎ g~‡j¨ AvšÍwiK cÖ‡Póvq I AbvôvwbK cwi‡e‡k b¨vq wePvi cvevi Rb¨ MÖvg
Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g weKí e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡i‡Q| GQvov weev`K…Z cÿ؇qi Dcw ’wZ‡Z `xN© ¯’vqx weZvwK©Z wel‡qi gxgvsmv
Kivi Rb¨ AbvbyôvwbK mgvav‡bi gva¨‡g AvB‡bi kvmb cÖwZôvq Ae`vb iv‡L|
‡mmb - AvU:
evsjv‡`‡k MÖvgxb wePvi e¨e¯’v
69
evsjv‡`‡k MÖªvgxb wePvi e¨e¯’vi KvVv‡gv:
†Rjv RR †mmb RR
AwZ: †Rjv RR
hyM¥ Rjv RR
‡Rô¨ mnKvix RR
mnKvix RR
AwZ: †mmb RR
hyM¥ †mmb RR
‡g‡UªvcwjUb †mmb RR
we‡kl UªvBeybvj
Av`vjZ
AwZ: ‡g‡UªvcwjUb †mmb
RR
‡g‡UªvcwjUbAwZ: †mmb
RR Pxd RywWwkqvj
g¨vwRm‡óªU
‡Rô¨ RywWwkqvj
g¨wR‡÷ªU
Magistrate
RywWwkqvj g¨wR‡÷ªU
Pxd ‡g‡UªvcwjUb
g¨vwRm‡óªU
AwZwi³ Pxd RywWwkqvj
g¨vwRm‡óªU
‡g‡UªvcwjUb
g¨vwRm‡óªU
†Rjv g¨wRm‡óªU
åvg¨gvb Av`vjZ (wbe©vnx
g¨vwRm‡óU)
MÖvg Av`vjZ
‡`Iqvbx wel‡q ‡d․R`vix wel‡q
evsjv‡`k mywcÖg
†KvU©
Avcxj wefvM
nvB‡KvU© wefvM
70
L) MÖvg Av`vjZ Kv‡K e‡j?
MÖvg Av`vjZ - 2006Gi aviv - 5 I BDwbqb cwil` (BDwc) Øviv MwVZ GKwU Ava© - AvbyôvwbK Av`vjZ| MÖvg
Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxb wePvi e¨e¯’vi KvVv‡gv MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v:
- ¯’vbxqfv‡e LyeBmxwgZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ †QvU Ø›` / Awf‡hv‡Mi mgvavb Kiæb;
- mvgvwRK myiÿv I `wi`ª gvby‡li wePv‡ii cÖ‡e‡ki c_ wbwðZ Kiv
- Awf‡hvM / gvgjv mgvav‡b yB `‡ji g‡a¨ kvwšÍc~b © HK¨gZ¨ •Zix Kiv
- BDwc wbe©vPbxi Rb¨ eÜyZ¡c~b© cwi‡ek •Zix Kiv
- D”P Av`vj‡Zi gvgjv Kwg‡q ‡djv
- ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q kvmb Ges mvvwRK b¨vqwePvi cÖPvi Kiv
M) MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi MVb, GLwZqvi Ges ÿgZv:
MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi MVb:
1. MÖvg Av`vjZ AvBb - 2006 Gi aviv - 5 Abymv‡i GKRb †Pqvig¨vb Ges Dfqcÿ (Av‡e`bKvix Ges Awfhy³Kvix
c‡ÿi) KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ yB Rb K‡i †gvU Pvi Rb m`‡m¨i mg¯‡q (1+2+2=5) MÖvg Av`vjZ MwVZ|
MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi aviv - 5 Abymv‡i BDwc ‡Pqvig¨vb weev`K…Z †Kvb c‡ÿi P¨v‡j Gi m¤§ywLb nb ZLb aviv 5 Gi
Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i BDwbqb cwil‡`i Ab¨ m`m¨ MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi †Pqvi cvimb n‡eb|
wPÎ: MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi MVb
2. MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi AvBbMZ GLwZqvi:
MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi †g․wjK KvVv‡gv MÖvg Av`vjZ AvBb - 2006 (AvBb bs XIX - 2006)| wb‡b¥ MÖvg Av`vjZ - 2006
(AvBb bs XIX - 2006) m‡½ mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ AvB‡bi AeKvVv‡gv `qv nj:
MÖvg Av`vjZ iæj – 1976;
BDwc †Pqvig¨vb
অভিযকত জনয: 2 বযভকত
(1 ইউভি সদসয ও 1 মননোনীত শরনেয
বযভকত)
ev`xi Rb¨: 2 e¨w³
(1 ইউভি সদসয ও 1 মননোনীত শরনেয
বযভকত)
71
‡d․R`vix AvBb - 1898 (fwjDg bs- 5, 1898);
‡`Iqvbx Av`vjZ - 1908 (fwjDg bs- 5, 1908);
¯^vÿ¨ AvBb - 1872 (fwjDg bs- 1, 1872);
kc_ AvBb - 1873 (fwjDg bs- 10, 1873);
Mevw`cï wbq ¿b AvBb - 1871 (AvBb bs - 1, 1871);
K…wl kÖg (byb¨Zg gRyix) (AW©vi bs - 17, 1984), Ges
‡cbvj †KvW (&&AvBb bs - XLV, 1860)
1860 mv‡j ‡cbvj †Kv‡Wi Awab we‡ewPZ Aciva:
1. †Kvb †ew³‡K ‡AvBbx AvNvZ Kiv hv cÖZviYvi mvwgj
2. ÿwZ (‡Kvb e¨w³i m¤úwˇZ ev Ab¨ †Kvb ÿwZ)
3. Abwaevi cÖ‡ek
4. †e-AvBbx mgv‡ek ev `v½v
5. AwMœKvÛ (ej gva¨‡g Sv‡gjv Kiv)
6. Ab¨vq c~e©K e¨w³i Kvivevm
7. nvgjv
8. kvwšÍ f‡½i AwfcÖv‡q Acgvb
9. `Ûbxq wfwZ cÖ`k©b
10. wek¦v‡mi gva¨‡g •Zix ¯M©xq AvBb f½
11. f~j Ges bvix‡`i Acgvb
12. cvMj e¨w³i Øviv Am`vPiY
13. Pzwi - evmM„‡n AbwaKvi cÖ‡ek
14. m¤úwˇZ Amvay AvZ¥mvr
15. `Ûbxq wek¦vmf½
16. wQbZvB
17. KwgwU wbg©v‡bi cÖ‡Póv ev Dc‡iv³ Aciv‡ai †Kvb Kwgl‡bi AvbyKzj¨
Aciva msNwUZ n‡j ÿwZcyiY eve` 75000 nvRvi UvKv ch©šÍ `vex Kiv hv‡e
wb‡Pi welq¸wj MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi Zdwm‡ji wØZxq fv‡M ewb©Z i‡q‡Q:
1. †Kvb Pzw³, iwk` ev Ab¨ †Kvb `wjj g~‡j cÖvc¨ A_© Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv
2. †Kvb A¯’vei m¤úvË cybiæ×vi ev Zvi g~j¨ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv
3. ¯’vei m¤úwË †e`Lj nevi GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Zvi `Lj cybiæ×v‡ii gvgjx
4. †Kvb A¯’vei m¤úwËi Rei `Lj ev ÿwZ Kivi Rb¨ ÿwZcyiY Av`v‡qi Rb¨ gvgjv
5. Mevw`cï AbwaKvi cÖ‡e‡ki Kvi‡Y ÿwZcyi‡Yi gvgjv
6. K…wl kÖwgK‡`i‡K cwi‡kva¨ gRyix I ÿwZcyil Av`v‡qi gvgjv
hLb `vexK…Z A‡_©I cwigvb A_ev A ’vei m¤úwËi g~j¨ A_ev Aciva mswkøó ¯’vei m¤úwËi g~j¨ AbwaK cuPvËi nvRvi
UvKv
3. MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi ÿgZv
MÖvg Av`vjZ AvBb - 2006 Gi aviv 7 Abymv‡i:
- MÖvg Av`vjZ Zdwm‡ji cÖ_g As‡k ewb©Z Aciva mgy‡ni †ÿ‡Î †Kvb e¨w³‡K †KejgvÎ AbwaK 75,000
(cuPvËi nvRvi UvKv) ch©šÍ ÿwZcyib cÖ v‡bi Av‡`k cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
- MÖvg Av`vjZ Zdwm‡ji wØZxq As‡k ewb©Z welqvejxi mv‡_ m¤úK©xZ †Kvb gvgjvq Abyiæc wel‡q Zdwm‡j
D‡jøwLZ cwigvb A_© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖK…Z gvwjK‡K m¤úwË ev Zvi `Lj cÖZ¨vc©b Kivi Av‡`k cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
-
Ab¨vb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK Av`vj‡Zi g‡Zv, MÖvg Av`vjZ †Kvb mvwÿ‡K mgb cÖ`vb Kivi ÿgZv iv‡L| MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi aviv 10
G ejv nq †h,
72
‡`Iqvbx Kvh©wewai aviv 133 Gi Dcaviv (1) Abymv‡i †h e¨w³‡K ¯^-kix‡I Av`vj‡Z nvwRi n‡Z Ae¨vnwZ
†`qv n‡q‡Q Zv‡K e¨w³MZfv‡e nvwRi n‡Z wb‡ ©k †`qv hv‡e bv|
MÖvg Av`vj‡Z hw` hyw³msMZfv‡e g‡b K‡i †h, A‡nZzK wej¤^, LiP ev Amyweav e¨wZZ †Kvb mvÿx‡K nvwRi Kiv
m¤¢e bq| Z‡e Av`vjZ †mB mvÿx‡K mgb w`‡Z ev †mB mvÿxi weiæ‡× cÖ`Ë mgb Kvh©Ki KwiZ AMÖvn¨ Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi GLwZqvi ewn©f~Z GjvKvq emevmKvix †Kvb e¨w³i fªgb I Ab¨vb¨ LiP wbe©vn eve`, Av`vj‡Zi
we‡ePbvg‡Z, ch©vß A_© Zv‡K cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Av`vj‡Z Rgv †`qv bv n‡j MÖvg Av`vjZ H e¨w³i mvÿ¨ †`evi Rb¨
A_ev †Kvb `wjj `vwLj Kivi wb‡ ©k cÖ`vb Ki‡e bv|
MÖvg Av`vjZ ivóªxq welqvw` m¤úK©xZ †Kvb †Mvcbxq `wjj ev AcÖKvwkZ miKvix †iKW© `vwLj Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb
e¨w³‡K wb‡ ©k cÖ`vb K‡i bv ev mswkøó †Kvb wefv‡Mi cÖavb Kg©KZ©vi AbygwZ e¨ZxZ Abyiæc †Mvcbxq `wjj ev
AcÖKvwkZ miKvix †iKW© n‡Z ‡Kvb mvÿ¨ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K wb‡ ©k cÖ`vb Ki‡e bv|
‡Kvb MÖvg Av`vjZ †_‡K mgb Rvwi n‡j Zv‡K Dcw¯’Z n‡Z n‡e| Ges e¨w³ wb‡R mgb Agvb¨ Ki‡j wKev mvÿ¨ w`‡Z
ivRx bv n‡j Av`vjZ Zvi GB AvPiY wePv‡ii Rb¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GB e¨w³i e¨vL¨v Kivi my‡hvM †`ivi ci Zv‡K
AbwaK GK nvRvi (1000) UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
aviv - 11 Abymv‡i MÖvg Av`vjZ Av`vjZ Aegvbbvi Rb¨ Rwigvbv Kivi ÿgZv iv‡L| GB wefv‡M MÖvg Av`vjZ Aegvbvi
Rb¨ †`vlx e¨w³i ARynvZ QvovB Av`vjZ Aegvbbvi Rb¨ †`vlx cÖgvb Kiv hvq| †hgb:
K) Av`vj‡Zi †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K ev Zvi †Kvb m`m¨‡K Av`vj‡Z Acgvb Kivi d‡j GwU Kvh©Ki nq
L) Av`vj‡Zi †Kvb Kv‡R weNœ NUvq; ev
M) Av`vjZ KZ©„K †Kvb bw_ DÌvcb ev wewj Ki‡Z e¨_© nq; ev
N) Av`vj‡Zi †Kvb cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z †Kvb e¨w³ ivRx bv nq; ev
O) ivóª †Kvb †KvU© Gi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i cÖbxZ wee„wZ‡Z kc_ Ki‡Z ivRx bv nq Av`vjZ Aegvbbvi Rb¨ MÖvg Av`vj‡Z GK nvRvi (1000) UvKvi AwaK Rwigvbv Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mswkøó AvBbRxwe MÖvg Av`vj‡Z wewawb‡la Av‡ivc K‡i| MÖvg Av`vjZ AvBbx RwUjZv / `xN©m~ÎxZv Ges gvgjv LiP‡K
gy³ K‡i|
4. MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi me©‡kl djvdj:
aviv - 8 Abymv‡i Av`vj‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ cÖavb e¨w³eM© MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi me©‡kl djvdj hv cÖKvwkZ nq Zv:
- hw` MÖvg Av`vjZ mK‡ji m¤§wZ‡Z Pvi R‡bi †fZ‡i GK R‡bi wm×všÍ‡K cÖavb wnmv‡e a‡i †bq (4:1)
- hw` ‡Kvb wm×všÍ wZb R‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb Pvi Rb m`‡m¨i Dcw¯’wZ cÖ`vb K‡i (3:1)
MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi wm×všÍ My‡jv cÿ‡K †eu‡a iv‡L bv Ges MÖvg Av`vjZ AB‡bi weavb Abymv‡i cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
5. Avcxj Kivi weavb::
‡Kvb Avcx‡ji cÖwfkb n‡”Q wZbwU wel‡qi ywU welq hw` Awgj nq (3:2)
GQvov wb¤œ wjwLZ fv‡e Avcxj Kiv hv‡e:
- GB AvB‡bi wmwWDj Gi cvU© - 1 G GKRb 1g †kÖbxi †gwR‡óªU hvi wePvi Kivi GLwZqvi Av‡Q Zvi mv‡_ hLb
gvgjvwU †hvM Kiv nq
73
GB AvB‡bi wmwWDj Gi cvU© - 1 G GKRb mnKvix RR hvi wePvi Kivi GLwZqvi Av‡Q Zvi mv‡_ hLb
gvgjvwU †hvM Kiv nq
‡gwR‡óªU A_ev mnKvix RR hw` †Kvb wePvi cÖ`v‡b mš‘È bv nb GKs †Kvb wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y AcviM nb ZLb welqwU
wb¤úwËi Rb¨ MÖvg Av`vj‡Z cvVv‡bv nq| hw` †Kvb welq MÖvg Av`vj‡Z wb¤úwË nq Z‡e †mwU cybivq Ab¨ Av`vj‡Z
cvVv‡bv hv‡e bv|
N. BDwbqb cwil‡` MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi f~wgKv I Kvh©vejx :
BDwbqb cwil‡`i cÖwZwbwaMb MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi f~wgKv I Kvh©vejx wb‡¤œwjwLZ nj:
MÖvg Av`vjZ Ges wePvi e¨e¯Ív m¤ú‡K© A‡bK †R‡bwQ
MÖvg Av`vjZ AvB‡bi fywgKv m¤ú‡K© eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ
MÖvg Av`vjZ m¤ú‡K© `ÿZv AR©b K‡iwQ
MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi †iwRóvi Ges mKj welq mgyn e¨envi K‡iwQ
MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi g~j¨vqb Ges wePvwiK welq mgyn †R‡bwQ
MÖvg Av`vjZ m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ Ges mvaviY‡K Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ fvjfv‡e Z_¨ msMÖn K‡iwQ
bw_f~³ Awf‡hvM / gvgjv mgyn mgvav‡bi cÖK…qv †R‡bwQ
BDwbqb cwil` KwgwU MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi AvBb Ges Av‡`k mgyn ‡hvM K‡i
Dc‡Rjv Av`vj‡Zi AvBb Ges Av‡`k mgyn ‡hvM K‡i
MÖvg Av`vj‡Zi Dci 6gv‡mi Z_¨ Dc‡Rjv Kg©KZ©v‡K cÖ`vb
74
ª
cÖwkÿ‡bi bvg :
cÖwkÿ‡bi ZvwiL: ïiæi ZvwiL: †k‡li ZvwiL:
mnvq‡Ki bvg:
cÖwkÿb MÖnbKvixi bvg:
cwigvcK:
‡gv‡UB fvj bq: 1
fvj: ~2
‡Kvb gšÍe¨ †bB: 3
‡ek fvj: 4
A‡bK fvj: 5
cÖkœwg wek¦vm Kwi ‡h ¯vaxb fv‡e Avwg GB †Uªwbs G AskMÖnb K‡iwQ| (wUK w`b)
2. Avwg Avgvi AwfÁZv‡K GB ‡Uªwbs G mK‡ji mv‡_ wewbgq K‡iwQ|
3. fwel¨‡Z Avcwb GB †Uªwbs Gi Ávb‡K wKfv‡e cÖfvweZ Ki‡eb?
4. GB †Uªwbs Gi we‡kl Ávb Avcbvi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨†K KZUzKz cÖfvweZ Ki‡e?
5. GB †Uªwbs wU wK Avcbvi Pvwn`v cyiY K‡i‡Q?
6. GB †Uªwbs Gi Ávb Avcwb Avcbvi Kv‡R wKfv‡e jvMv‡eb?
‡mmb - bq:
cÖwkÿb cieZ©x g~j¨vqb
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
75
DËi `vZvi ¯^vÿi I ZvwiL:
