Training Module

on

MW radio engineering

Learning today……

Understanding Microwave link : applications, configuration, operating parameters, system calculations

Line of Sight requirements and Antenna Heights

Antenna Installation alignment and its parameters, safety and quality

MW Link Installations and commissioning : standard practices : NEC’s approach

Concluding : General site issues: questions & answers

1

excerpt from the

Scientific American

July 1892

In the specification to one of his recent patents,

Thomas A. Edison says:

“I have discovered that if sufficient elevation be obtained

to overcome the curvature of the earth’s surface

and to reduce to the minimum the earth’s absorption,

electric signaling between distant points

can be carried on by induction

without the use of wires.”

MICROWAVE PATH ENGINEERING – OVER 110 YEARS AGO!

• Operates on a “Line-of-sight" principle

• Use Two antennas aimed directly at one another

• Transmit Digitally modulated Microwave Frequencies through free space from one terminal to another

• Typically transmit simultaneously in both directions (Full Duplex)

Basic characteristics

4 0 0

1 0 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

0 . 5 4 . 54 . 03 . 53 . 02 . 52 . 01 . 51 . 0 5 . 0

T y p i c a l P a t h P r o f i l e

D i s t a n c e ( m i l e s )

Line of sight Point to Point MW link

FWS (Point-to-Point Transport) and FWA (BWA, Access) Hops

POP –

Point of Presence

PBX

CPECPE

Nodal (Hub) Site

155 Mbit/s Sonet/SDH FWS (Fixed Wireless System) Hop

CPE

ClearBurst MB Point-to-Multipoint FWA

(Fixed Wireless Access) Broadband

Links

CPE – Customer’s

Premises Equipment:

- Frame Relay

- Video

Conference

- Sonet/SDH (PTP)

- ATM Switch

- LAN/IP - Base Station - T1/E1

- POTS - Sonet/ SDH - ISDN

Deployment and applications

FWS and FWA (BWA) Radio Hops

Sonet/SDH NxOC-3 or NxSTM-1

Backbone FWS (Radio-Relay) Hop

OC-12 or STM-4

Fiber Ring

Long Distance 2xT1/E1 Unlicensed Hop

Short Distance 4xT1/E1 HopsAccess Hops

Short Distance SONET/SDH Hop

X

X

Transport HopNMS system

GSM Network layout

Fiber and MW transmission media in GSM/CDMA Networks

23 GHz (OC-3)

38 GHz (N x DS1)

18 GHz (N x DS1) 18 GHz (DS3)

BTS

BSC

MTSO

(MSC)BSC

(DS3 or OC-3NxOC-3 ) or 155 (Nx0C-3) Self-Healing Ring

BTSBTS

BTS

FWS Microwave Applications

PCS/Cellular Site Interconnection MTSO (MSC) - Switching Office

BTS - Base StationBSC - Base Station Controller

(North American Hierarchy)