Transition from Medieval Times to the Renaissance

http://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live/video/theodoric-of-york/2888/

The RenaissanceA Revolution in Art

Renaissance ArtBeginning in Italy in the late 14th century, a revolution in the arts took place. Painting, sculpture, literature, architecture, music, dance, poetry – no area within the fine or performing arts was left untouched. This revolution was spurred on by the intellectual hallmarks of the Renaissance: humanism, individualism & secularism. Modern art was born in the Renaissance and the role of the artist was transformed from craftsman to intellectual and social critic. To be an artist meant you held a mirror up to society, you challenged traditional ideas, you offered a view of the world that was and could be.

Chapter 13 Reading Question Review

1. Describe the new social class in the twelfth-century Italy called the ‘”urban nobility”. How and why did this social class come into being and how did it affect the movement toward republican government?

2. What five powers dominated the Italian peninsula in the fifteenth century? How did the Italian city-states contribute to modern society?

3. How does the concept of individualism help explain the Renaissance? Did women and common people play a role in the Renaissance?

4. What is humanism? What do humanists emphasize?

OverviewObjective:– To examine Renaissance art from various mediums

and explore how a true revolution in artistic styles and portrayals occurred during the period.

Directions:– Take notes as we go through the presentation.– Your participation in response to questions will

be assessed for critical thinking & expression

Intellectual Influences on Renaissance Art

Humanism

Secularism

Individualism

The artistic achievements of the Renaissance can be divided into 3 time periods:

• Pre Renaissance – late 1200’s to 1400• Renaissance – 1400 – 1480’s• High Renaissance 1480’s – 1560’s

Major Artists of the Renaissance

Architecture Painting LiteratureBramanteBrunellschiAlbertiMichelangeloWren (E)

GiottoDa VinciMichelangeloRaphaelTitianBoticelliVeroneseBosch (G)Rembrandt (D)El Greco (S)Van Eyck (D)

William Shakespeare (E)Dante AllegeriPetrarchNiccolo MachiavelliSir Thomas More (E)Desiderus Erasmus

(D)

The Renaissance began in Florence and then spread northward. There is also the Northern Renaissance that took place in England, the Netherlands and Germany.

Architecture* Think About- How does Renaissance Architecture

reflect humanism?

Compare & ContrastGothic Similarities Renaissance

Major Characteristics

Chartres Cathedral – France1194-1260

Notre Dame de Paris1163-1250

Gothic Style Architecture

Interior of Chartres

Interior of Notre Dame

Gothic architecture was meant to inspire a sense of awe and fear in those who entered the building. The cathedral was a house of God and you were intended to remember that at all times.

Rait Castle – Dover England 1300

Architects model of Medieval Castle on site of Louvre – 13th century

Medieval castles were built for security – as fortresses rather than works of art.

As a Renaissance palace

The Louvre is an excellent example of

how dramatic the shifts in architecture

during the Renaissance were.

As a Medieval castle

The humanist movement of the Renaissance carries on

to this day. Across the world people continue to design

buildings that echo or copy the style of ancient Rome

and Greece.

Roman Temple of Bacchus

The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC

Il DuomoThe Cathedral of Florence

1296-1462Il Duomo was one of the first great architectural achievements of the Renaissance. It is really the first of the great Renaissance cathedrals.

Renaissance Architecture

Gothic CathedralNotre Dame de Paris

Renaissance CathedralSt. Peter’s Basilica in

Rome

Renaissance Churches - Interiors

The Pantheon in Rome 2nd Century

St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome

Renaissance architecture clearly reflects humanism. The architects starting with Brunelleschi and Bramante were deeply influenced by Greek and especially Roman styles.

St. Peter’s BasilicaRome

1546-1564

St. Peter’s BasilicaInterior Views

St. Peter’s is literally, and to many figuratively, the greatest church in Christendom. It was built and designed by several of the leading architects including Michelangelo. It contains artwork by many of the great Renaissance artists. It is the seat of the Vatican which is the center or capital of the Roman Catholic Church.

Painting

Painting Compare/ContrastMedieval Similarities Renaissance

Major Characteristics

Major Artists: Key Elements of their Style

Epiphany13th century

Crucifixion14th century

Painting of the High Middle Ages

Madonna & Child13th Century

A common subject of Medieval and Renaissance art is the Virgin Mary and the baby Jesus. While the basic figures and poses remain the same, the settings, style, colors and skill evolve over time.

Madonna & ChildRaphael - 16th century

St. Andrew13th Century

An Elderly Man as Saint PeterRembrandt – 1659(?)

The saints were the most common form of portraiture in Medieval art. In the Renaissance, artists commonly painted their patrons. They were painted as themselves or placed into a classical or religious scene. In the Northern Renaissance, Rembrandt above all others painted many portraits of “commoners.” Usually these were straight portraits but he would also use them as “models.”

MichelangeloGenius of His Age

Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Florence in 1475. He was a painter, a sculptor, architect and poet. “He was the first artist recognized by contemporaries as a genius.” He was a prolific artist who worked in Florence and Rome two of the major centers of Renaissance art. He produced several of the greatest works of western art and is the author of arguably the greatest artwork in history, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. While Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is the most recognizable painting in the world, Michelangelo’s David is an equally iconic image. He died in 1564 with literally hundreds of works left behind in the great and small villas, homes, and churches in Italy.

Michelangelo designed the dome on St. Peter’s (546-1564). It is considered one of the great feats of Western architecture. The brick dome 138 feet in diameter rises 452 feet above the street, and 390 feet above the floor, with four iron chains for a compression ring. Four internal piers each 60 feet square. The dome is 452 ft high (above the pavement) and is buttressed by the apses and supported internally by four massive piers more than 18 meters (60 feet) thick. It inspired many including Sir Christopher Wren’s St. Paul’s Cathedral in London.

The Sistine ChapelThe Vatican – Rome

1508-1512

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sistine_chapel.jpg

Virtual Tour! http://www.vatican.va/various/cappelle/sistina_vr/index.html

Ezekiel

Jeremiah

Judith & HolfernessThe severed head of

Holofernes, is supposedly Michelangelo’s

The Last Judgment

Saint Bartholomew holding the knife of his martyrdom and his flayed skin. The face of the skin is Michelangelo's.

Minos- Judge of the underworld, was meant to represent Biagio da Cesena

The Rest . . .

Venus and MarsBoticelli

The School of AthensRaphael

The Marriage at CanaPaolo Veronese – Venetian

1563

The Betrothal of ArnolfiniVan Eyck - Dutch

1434

This is considered one of the classic Renaissance images. It depicts a wealthy merchant from Lucca Italy and his fiancée. The symbols of marriage, loyalty and of course wealth are apparent.

Northern Renaissance

Christ Carrying the Cross Bosch 15th century

Virgin and Child with Angels van Leyden 15th century

Michelangelo’s – The Last Judgment

Bosch’s – The Last Judgment

RembrandtThe greatest of the

Dutch painters he is one of the masters of the

late Northern Renaissance, working in

the mid-17th century.He is most well known

for his portraits.

Leonardo Da Vinci

No that book isn’t true but he was a genius.

And of course

The Vitruvian Man

This is a study in proportions. Da Vinci was a man of reason and logic. He studied classical works and architecture and always sought to have things in proportion based on mathematical formulas. Notice the basic shapes of square, triangle and circle contained in the sketch.

The Last SupperFresco – Milan

1498

The Last SupperSalvador Dali

Mona Lisa1503

What makes this the most famous painting in the

world?

Sculpture

Compare & ContrastMedieval Similarities Renaissance

Major Characteristics

Medieval Sculpture

Generally most figures were sculpted for decorating the

exterior or interior of cathedrals and tombs.

The Presentation at the Temple 14th century

Entrance to Notre Dame de Paris 12th century

The Virgin and Child 12th century

The Baptism of Christ 14th century

Adam – 13th century

The DavidGalleria dell’ Accademia Florence

1501

St. Matthew – 13th century

Moses – Michelangelo 15th century

Medieval Piedad – 14th century

Michelangelo- PietaSt. Peter’s Basilica Rome

1496

Reflection

What are some of the themes that both Renaissance painting and architecture share?

Critical WritingAnswer the following the question. Use your directive words and critical writing handout to help you. You need to write a thesis in response to the prompt. Look carefully at what a good thesis contains.– Analyze the influence of humanism on the visual

arts in the Italian Renaissance. Use at least THREE specific works to support your analysis.

THESIS:THREE SPECIFIC WORKS:

For each work write the artist, the title and describe how it demonstrates the influence of humanism.