Translation Translation StudiesStudies

Alberto Luís González GarcíaAlberto Luís González García

Roberto Gallo SoljancicRoberto Gallo Soljancic

José Javier López RamónJosé Javier López Ramón

OutlineOutline

• Introduction: Introduction: • Translation definition. Translation definition. • Translation vs. Interpretation.Translation vs. Interpretation.• The role of translator: skills.The role of translator: skills.

• Translation Process: specifically the different stages Translation Process: specifically the different stages carried out when translating. (According to carried out when translating. (According to García YebraGarcía Yebra).).

• Comprehension stageComprehension stage• Expression stageExpression stage

• Type of translation: Type of translation: • Direct vs. inverse Translation.Direct vs. inverse Translation.• Specialized vs. Non-specialized Translation.Specialized vs. Non-specialized Translation.

OutlineOutline (II)(II)

• Translation techniques: (According to Translation techniques: (According to Vinay and DarbelnetVinay and Darbelnet) ) Morphosyntactic LevelMorphosyntactic Level

• Loan word Loan word • CalqueCalque• Literal TranslationLiteral Translation• TranspositionTransposition• EquivalenceEquivalence• AdaptationAdaptation• ModulationModulation

Semantic LevelSemantic Level• Expansion Expansion • ReductionReduction• CompensationCompensation

• Translation as a tool in SLT/ SLL.Translation as a tool in SLT/ SLL.

IntroductionIntroductionDefinition of TranslationDefinition of TranslationMunday: “the process of turning an original or "source" text into a text in another language”. Munday: “the process of turning an original or "source" text into a text in another language”.

Translation vs. InterpretationTranslation vs. InterpretationTranslation ---> written textsTranslation ---> written texts

Interpretation ---> uses oral channelInterpretation ---> uses oral channel

• 1.3 The role of a translator: skills1.3 The role of a translator: skillsWhat do you need to become a good translator?What do you need to become a good translator?

1. Complete knowledge of both source and target speech.1. Complete knowledge of both source and target speech.

2. Write appropiately in both source and target language.2. Write appropiately in both source and target language.

3. Ability to have language intuition ““to grasp various expressions, idioms and specific 3. Ability to have language intuition ““to grasp various expressions, idioms and specific vocabulary and their uses””vocabulary and their uses””

4. Be aware of the “”cultural divergence and diverse strategies in the source and target 4. Be aware of the “”cultural divergence and diverse strategies in the source and target verbal communication””verbal communication””

5. Be aware of diverse registers, styles of speaking, and social stratification of both 5. Be aware of diverse registers, styles of speaking, and social stratification of both source and target language.source and target language.

6. You have to be provided with encyclopedias and bilingual dictionaries in a specific 6. You have to be provided with encyclopedias and bilingual dictionaries in a specific contextcontext

7. You have to take control of the different kind of speeches in both source and target 7. You have to take control of the different kind of speeches in both source and target language.language.

Translation Process: Translation Process:

• Garcia Yebra: Garcia Yebra: Two stagesTwo stages

• Comprehension stage: The translator Comprehension stage: The translator decodes the sense of the source text into decodes the sense of the source text into an activity called semasiology.an activity called semasiology.

• Expression stage: recodes the sense of the Expression stage: recodes the sense of the text in the target language.text in the target language.

Type of translation: Type of translation:

• Direct vs. indirect Translation:Direct vs. indirect Translation:

– Direct: Translating from a foreign Direct: Translating from a foreign language into your mother tongue. language into your mother tongue. Example: a Spanish translator who Example: a Spanish translator who translates from English into Spanish.translates from English into Spanish.

– Indirect: Translating from your mother Indirect: Translating from your mother tongue into a foreign one. Example: a tongue into a foreign one. Example: a Spanish translator who translate from Spanish translator who translate from Spanish into English. Spanish into English.

Type of translation:Type of translation:

• Specialized vs. Non-specialized Specialized vs. Non-specialized Translation.Translation.

– Specialized: The translator requires an Specialized: The translator requires an excellent quality and precision into an excellent quality and precision into an area of knowledge. Examples: medical area of knowledge. Examples: medical translation; legal translation.translation; legal translation.

– Non-specialized: It is not required a great Non-specialized: It is not required a great knowledge in the area to translate. knowledge in the area to translate.

Translation techniques:Translation techniques:The explanation of each procedure, according to The explanation of each procedure, according to

Vinay and DarbelnetVinay and Darbelnet

• Two levels: Morphosyntax level and Semantic level.Two levels: Morphosyntax level and Semantic level.

• Morphosyntax level techniques:Morphosyntax level techniques:

-Loan Word: A word taken from a language without translating it: Coyote -Loan Word: A word taken from a language without translating it: Coyote (from Spanish), Pizza (from Italian)…(from Spanish), Pizza (from Italian)…

-Calque: A class of loan where syntax is taken from source language and -Calque: A class of loan where syntax is taken from source language and translated literally. English: week-end Spanish: fin de semana. English: translated literally. English: week-end Spanish: fin de semana. English: science-fiction. Spanish: ciencia-ficción. Sangre azul → Blue-bloodscience-fiction. Spanish: ciencia-ficción. Sangre azul → Blue-blood

-Literal Translation: translating word by word from source to target -Literal Translation: translating word by word from source to target language, respecting the collocations of the target language. English: language, respecting the collocations of the target language. English: You are rich. Spanish: Tú eres rico. You are rich. Spanish: Tú eres rico.

Translation techniques (II)Translation techniques (II)

• TranspositionTransposition: Translating one part of the speech to other one, : Translating one part of the speech to other one, without changing the sense of the message. English: out of order. without changing the sense of the message. English: out of order. Spanish: no funciona. Le gusta nadar → She likes swimming.Spanish: no funciona. Le gusta nadar → She likes swimming.

• Modulation: Variation of the message, through a change in the Modulation: Variation of the message, through a change in the point of view. English: Puzzle. Spanish: Rompecabezas. You can point of view. English: Puzzle. Spanish: Rompecabezas. You can have it → Te lo dejo.have it → Te lo dejo.

Translation techniques (III)Translation techniques (III)

• Equivalence: Transmiting the same situation by Equivalence: Transmiting the same situation by using different stylistic and structural resources. using different stylistic and structural resources. English: no right of way. Spanish: prohibido el English: no right of way. Spanish: prohibido el paso. The Sound of Music → Sonrisas y Lágrimas.paso. The Sound of Music → Sonrisas y Lágrimas.

• Adaptation: “Cultural equivalence”. E.G.:French Adaptation: “Cultural equivalence”. E.G.:French talking about Belgian jokes → English talking talking about Belgian jokes → English talking about Irish jokes.about Irish jokes.

Translation techniques (IV)Translation techniques (IV)

Semantic LevelSemantic Level

• Expansion: needed amplification for structural reasons. Example: Expansion: needed amplification for structural reasons. Example: in Spanish is needed to specify the gender.in Spanish is needed to specify the gender.

• Reduction: the same as expansion, but it is needed a reduction. Reduction: the same as expansion, but it is needed a reduction.

• Compensation: combination of the other two techniques. Tu/Usted Compensation: combination of the other two techniques. Tu/Usted (Sp.) → You (Eng.)(Sp.) → You (Eng.)

Translation as a tool for Translation as a tool for SLT/SLLSLT/SLL• SLL is the process by which people learn a second language.SLL is the process by which people learn a second language.

• Translation is teached as a separated skill from L2 acquisition, as Translation is teached as a separated skill from L2 acquisition, as first, you have to master L2 to be a good translator.first, you have to master L2 to be a good translator.

ConclussionConclussion

• Remind some especifit terms:Remind some especifit terms:– Difference between translation and Difference between translation and

interpretationinterpretation– Different kind of translation:Different kind of translation:

• Loan wordsLoan words• CalqueCalque• Etc.Etc.

– Specific vs non-specific translationSpecific vs non-specific translation

Thank you very much for your Thank you very much for your attention!attention!

ReferencesReferences• www.translationcentral.com/translation_vs_interpretation.php

• http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Skills-Are-Required-To-Be-A-Good-Translator?&id=911804

• http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loanwords.html

• http://www.translationschools.org/translation/specialized/

• López Guix, J.G. & Wilkinson, J.M. (1997). Manual de traducción inglés-castellano. Teoría y práctica. Gedisa

• http://www.jstor.org/pss/392747

• http://people.umass.edu/bparient/Research/CompleteThesis-BeatrizParienteBeltran.pdf

• logos.uoregon.edu/research/second_language.shtml

• http://isg.urv.es/publicity/masters/sample/techniques.html

• en.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org

• Stibbard, R. (1994). The Study of Translation in a Foreign Language Teaching. Stibbard, R. (1994). The Study of Translation in a Foreign Language Teaching. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology.Perspectives: Studies in Translatology.

• Cordero, A.D. (1984). The Role of Translation in Second Language Acquisition. Cordero, A.D. (1984). The Role of Translation in Second Language Acquisition. The French Review, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 350-355.The French Review, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 350-355.