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Translation to the New TCO Panel
Beverly LawProf. Global Change Forest ScienceScience Chair, AmeriFlux Network
Oregon State University
Protocols for Data Collection and Submission
• Need:– Uniform methods, standards for high
quality observations– Uniform database for global
assessments
• Important standards/definitions:– Carbon stocks in vegetation and soil,
productivity, ecosystem & component fluxes
– Vegetation types– Land use
• Reference for other documents (ECV, GEO Carbon Report)
Office of Science
U.S. Department of Energy
Protocols
– Carbon stocks in forests, agricultural crops, shrublands• Live and dead wood in forests (revise – explicit estimates of biomass
mortality by species + metadata)• Understory vegetation in forests (specify biomass mortality)• Foliar, litter carbon• Soil carbon
– NPP– LAI– Ecosystem CO2 & water fluxes
– Component fluxes (e.g. soil resp.)– Foliar, litter, soil C & N content– Relevant to land degradation
FLUXNET: A Global Network of Observation Sites500+ Sites, 10 Regional Networks, 45 Countries
Quantify and understand causes of variation in terrestrial exchange of carbon, water and energy with atmosphere
www.fluxdata.org
FLUXNET: Global Terrestrial Flux Observations• Carbon/water/energy fluxes• Meteorology, soil and plant variables• Multiple biomes and disturbances in a broad range of climate• Standardized database, shared protocols (Law et al. FAO 2008)
Transitional activities
– Contribute to:• Clarification of roles of programs to reduce redundancy• Ensuring coherence of products, terminology, methods,
and standards• Process for feedback among programs and with
research developments
– Incorporate land degradation – relevant to carbon– GEO Carbon Report
Proposed future activities– Interactions among programs– Update FAO field and data submission protocols
• Ecosystem variables relevant to terrestrial carbon, including land degradation
• Fill existing gaps (e.g. methods for tropical forests)• Broad agreement
– Recommendations for operational systems (depending on resources)
• Optimize location and number of in situ observations• Land degradation, deforestation, desertification, drought effects
Moderate Resolution Remote SensingDeforestation
(Huang et al. 2009)GOFC-GOLD Recommendations
Moderate Resolution Remote Sensing Desertification
GEO Integrated Global Carbon Observations
– Provide long-term observations required to improve the understanding of the current state and future behavior of the global carbon cycle
– Monitor and assess the effectiveness of carbon sequestration and/or emission reduction activities on global atmospheric CO2 levels
Integrated Global Carbon Observations: Essential Elements (GEO Carbon Report)
• Terrestrial ecosystem flux observations (CO2, water vapor, heat fluxes)
• Ocean and atmosphere in situ measurements• Inventories• Global satellite data• Models to integrate these observations for
spatial maps of carbon stocks and fluxes• Operational system for policy relevant carbon
information
Issues
• Continuity of and gaps in existing carbon observation systems– Landsat Data Continuity Mission starts 2012 (2 yr gap 2010-2012)– Terrestrial flux regional networks– Spatial & temporal continuity of soil carbon monitoring, methods used– Carbon variables missing in current inventories
• Communicate operational observation needs• Incorporating new methods of measurement/analysis/integration
LCDM sensor
(Kennedy et al., OSU)
LandTrendr: Landsat-based Detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery
Extract spectral trajectories for pixels
Extract spectral trajectories for pixels
Prepare stack of yearly imagery
Prepare stack of yearly imagery
Extract summary information from
segments
Extract summary information from
segments
Statistically identify and fit segments with consistent trends
Statistically identify and fit segments with consistent trends
Steps in the LandTrendr processSteps in the LandTrendr process
Evaluate veracity of selected eventsEvaluate veracity
of selected events
Integration for Regional Mapping of Terrestrial Carbon
Maps of Terrestrial Carbon Stocks and Fluxes
Terrestrial Carbon Modeling
InventoriesCarbon Stocks
SO
UR
CE
S
Biosphere CO2 Flux Observations
SIN
KS
Spatial data:Land-use, land cover,meteorology
Understanding of terrestrial carbon processes
(Law et al. 2006)
Terrestrial carbon model
Terrestrial carbon model
Atmospheric Transport model
Atmospheric Transport model
Climate and weatherfields
Ecological studies
Ecological studies
Biomasssoil carbon inventories
Remote sensing Atmospheric CO2
Remote sensing Atmospheric CO2
Remote sensing of Vegetation propertiesGrowthLand cover /useFiresBiomassRadiation
Remote sensing of Vegetation propertiesGrowthLand cover /useFiresBiomassRadiation
Georeferencedemissionsinventories
Georeferencedemissionsinventories
AtmosphericmeasurementsAtmospheric
measurements
Eddy-covarianceflux towers
Data assimilation
Ocean carbon model
Ocean carbon model
Ocean remote sensingOcean colorAltimetryWindsSSTSSS
Ocean remote sensingOcean colorAltimetryWindsSSTSSS
Ocean time seriesBiogeochemical
pCO2
Surface observationpCO2
nutrients
Water column inventories
rivers
Lateral fluxesCoastal studies
optimizedFluxes
optimizedmodel
parameters