TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION

PRECAUTIONSCreated by Ashley Berryhill

TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONSMethods of caring for pts who have a communicable disease.Communicable disease=disease caused by a pathogen that can be easily transmitted to others

TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATIONEpidemic=occurs when communicable disease spreads rapidly from person to person and affects a large number of people at the same timePandemic=when the outbreak of disease occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population.

TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONSStandard precautions are used on ALL ptsTransmission-based isolation techniques provide extra protection against specific diseases or pathogens to prevent their spreadType of isolation used is based on the causative organism, the way the organisms is transmitted, and whether it is antibiotic resistant

TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONSPPE is used to provide protection from the pathogen

TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONSObjects are either contaminated or cleanContaminated=dirty, pathogens are presentThese objects must not be touched unless the HCW is protected by PPEThe outside and waist ties of the gown, gloves, and mask are considered contaminated

TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATIONClean=objects do not contain pathogens and have minimal chance of spreading the diseaseInside of the gloves and gown, neckband and its ties, and mask and its ties are considered clean4 main types of precautions: standard, airborne, droplet, and contact

STANDARD PRECAUTIONSUsed on ALL ptsTreat all blood and body fluids as if they were infectious regardless of the patient’s disease or diagnosis.Use appropriate PPE to protect yourself from blood and body fluids.

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONSUsed for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nucleiAirborne droplet nuclei are small particles of evaporated droplets that contain microorganisms & remain suspended in the air or on dust particlesExamples: measles, chicken pox, tuberculosis

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONSIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:1. Pt placed in a private room with door closed2. Air in room must be discharged to outdoor air or filtered

before being recirculated3. HCW must wear N95 mask 4. People susceptible to measles or chicken pox shouldn’t

enter pt room5. Pt should only be taken out of the room if necessary and

must wear a surgical mask during transport

N95 MASK SURGICAL MASK

DROPLET PRECAUTIONSUsed for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughingExamples: meningitis, pneumonia, diphtheria, pertussis, mumps, influenza

DROPLET PRECAUTIONSIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:1. Pt placed in a private room or in a room with

a pt who has the same active infection2. Surgical Mask must be worn when you are

within 3 feet of the patient3. If transport of the pt is essential, the pt must

wear a surgical mask

CONTACT PRECAUTIONSUsed for pts known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct and indirect contact and can spread rapidly from person to personExamples: multidrug-resistant organisms that can cause GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections; hepatitis A; rotavirus; lice

CONTACT PRECAUTIONSIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:1. Pt placed in a private room or in a room with a pt

who has the same active infection2. Gloves must be worn when entering the room3. Gloves must be changed after contamination4. Gloves must be removed before leaving the

room and hands washed

CONTACT PRECAUTIONSIn addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:5. Gown must be worn if there is a chance of contact with

the pt, environmental surfaces, or items in the room. Gowns must be removed before leaving the room.

6. Pt transport should be for essential purposes only7. The room and items in it must receive daily cleaning

and disinfection8. Patient-care equipment should be left in the room and

only used for that pt if possible (example: stethoscope)

PROTECTIVE OR REVERSE ISOLATIONMethods used to protect certain pts from organisms present in the environmentUsed for immunocompromised pts whose body defenses are not capable of protecting them from infectionsExamples: severely burned pts, chemo pts, transplant pts whose immune systems have been depressed prior to receiving transplants

PROTECTIVE OR REVERSE ISOLATION

In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed:1. Pt placed in a room that has been cleaned and disinfected &

continues to receives frequent disinfection while the pt occupies it

2. Anyone entering the room must wear gown, gloves, and mask

3. All equipment brought into room must be clean, disinfected, or sterile

4. Special filters may be used to purify the room air