Transnational Threats in Asia: Diseases

8/11/2019 Transnational Threats in Asia: Diseases

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Transnational Threats in Asia: DiseasesSophal Ear, Ph.D.

Assistant ProfessorNaval Postgraduate School

24 June 2010

Disclaimer: Material contained herein is made available for the purpose of peer review and discussion anddoes not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Navy or the Department of Defense.


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Myriad Problems

Poor to non-existentsurveillance

Poor diagnostic

laboratory capability Disincentive to report

(bad publicity, bad for

business) Viral sovereignty (in

Indonesias case)


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Page 213:

In 2006, Indonesia claimed viral

sovereignty over samples of

H5N1 collected within its bordersand announced that it would not

share them until the WHO and

developed countries established

an equitable means of sharing the

benefits (e.g., vaccine) that couldderive from such viruses.


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Page 3:

in the poorest countries per capita expenditure on all

aspects of health care [is] 3%

expenditure in high-income

countries staff in over 90%

not familiar with quality

assurance principles more

than 60% of laboratory

equipment is outdated or

not functioning

August 2001: the more

things change


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TimelineContextHuman Pandemic Flu Timeline

Spanish (H1N1) HK flu H3N2 HPAI H5N1 H7N2 H7N3 H10N7


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Downside of Globalization:

Global Reach of Diseases


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Quality of Health Care, 2002


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H5N1: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza


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Avian influenza

situation in China

8 June 2010 -- 22-year-old pregnant woman died

on 3 June exposed to sick and dead poultry.

Of the 39 cases confirmed to date in China, 26

have been fatal: mortality rate of 66%!


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Indonesia Case Study


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After FOUR

decades, the

Naval Area

MedicalResearch Unit-

2 (Namru-2) is

kicked-out ofIndonesia


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And all because of one woman?

Maybe not.


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Issues Raised in Indonesia

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%


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Cambodia Case Study


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Lucky guy, thanks to Namru-2...


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Issues Raised in Cambodia

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Low Staff

Compensation

Donor Dependence

Pathologies

Poor staff

management/HR

Patronage networks

detrimental to workenvironments

No compensation for

culling

Differing host and

donor priorities


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Goal: reduce pandemic potential that could

strike donor countries themselves


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TimelineMoments

Start: SARS (2002), A Wake-up Call; Enter HPAI (2004)


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeL3pM8L8DA

16 minute video

Available in two parts on

YouTube under the title:

Cambodia: THE BIRD FLU

"PANDEMIC" HOAX!


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But lets end where we started, with

Indonesia and Cambodia


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Dateline: 11 April 2010

Namru-2 Jakarta is shuttingdown. I have been verysad. Not only because Iam losing my job, but

more than that, Indonesiawill loss [sic] anestablished laboratoryresearch coz [sic] ofpolitical reasons

--Senior Indonesian scientist


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The end or the beginning?

25 June 2010: Director ofNamru-2 Phnom Penh steps

down

Former Namru-2 Jakarta

Commanding Officer will

head Namru-2 Phnom Penh

Lessons learned from

Indonesia should be applied

to Cambodia

Documents

Transnational Threats in Asia: Diseases