8th International Platform on Integrating Arab e-Infrastructure in a Global EnvironmentAmman, 2-3 December, 2018

Transport and mobility facing sustainability challenges: from the classical solutions to

the innovative solutions based on ICT

Prof. Farès BoubakourSchool of Commercial High Studies (HEC, Algiers). (Algeria)

Objectives

The Communication will present the current transport problems (congestion, accidents, pollution, etc) ; and will highlight both classical solutions and intelligent transport system based solutions.

In order to solve the problems of transport and meet sustainable mobility, it is necessary to invest in quality public transport means and reduce the use of private car to. ICT offers a huge potential in this domain.

it is necessary to invest in the areas of education-training, research and data networks.

Growth of transportation volumes : the impacts

Transportation volumes and trips have seen significant growth in almost every city in the world. During last years, the increase is particularly marked in the developing countries.

As a consequence of the development of the use of private cars, many problems have arisen and become more pronounced over time. These problems are: congestion, various pollutions, accidents, etc.

Huge problem in terms of sustainability : economic, social and environmental issues.

Urban sprawl and the growth use of private cars !

Urban sprawl

Several reasons explain the development of the use of private cars andindividual modes of transport : correlation with rising incomes and economicgrowth and other structural reasons which are urbanization and urban sprawl.

What are Intelligent Transportation Systems ?

Intelligent transport systems (ITS) = the result of the application of ICTs in the field of transport and mobility management.

The term "intelligent" is to be considered with the characteristics of the system, its capacity of adaptation and its reactivity (to trigger an action, to inform the user or the operator, for example).

Capabilities (functions): sensors to collect information, memorize, process , make a decision (adapt and react). All in an automated way.

ITS : what kind of technologies ?

1- Broadband network (fiber optic) ;

2- Wireless communications: Bluetooth, Wifi, GSM, UMTS, Wimax, 3G, 4G, etc.

3- Hardware and Software: microprocessors, applications and software, algorithms, etc.

4- Location technology: GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, Mobile phone network.

5- Detection system and sensors: Different technologies are used: On the infrastructure, embedded or both. Electromagnetic Loop, Microwave(Radar), Video Camera, etc. )

ITS : Capabilities

• With the advent of ICT, new approaches to the management of transport problems based on the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have emerged. ITS allow ...

• to improve the management of traffic and the use of transport infrastructures: information for users and optimization of infrastructure capacity (from the simplest "variable message panel" devices to embedded and individualized technology).

• to improve Road Safety; • to improve security ; • to improve mobility management: upstream of transport, they

open the way to applications that can manage demand and allow a modal shift of the Private Car towards sustainable solutions (TC, carpooling, sharing car, etc.).

• To improve the energetic efficiency.

ITS : applications

• Electronic payment: Ticketing (Ex: Navigo Pass System) or electronic tolling (without stopping: by means of active RFID tag).

• Traffic management: streamline traffic, favor public transport versus private car, more information (variable message sign, dedicated FM frequency, etc.);

• Data Analysis and Forecasting (eg the French CNIR (Smart Bison); data collection by mobile phone (anonymous: so-called floating system);

• Public transport: optimize flows, ticketing, passenger information (waiting time in real time); automation (OrlyVal, metro line 14, mobility management and on-demand transport (car sharing, carpooling, etc.)

• Fleet Management (Tracking : GPS / Galileo) Shared database: database integration and interoperability.

• Road safety : Focus next slide

Focus on Road safety

• Based on the technologies presented above, ITS contributes to the protection of road users (drivers, motorcycles, bicycles, etc.). In terms of road safety, if you have to summarize, there are basically four main types of applications. They intervene either in active safety or in passive safety.

• The systems can also be embedded and / or implanted on the infrastructures.

- Monitoring and warning system (essentially ADI)

- Driving assistance devices

- Control of compliance with the regulations

- Post accident management (embedded systems).

Note: Existence of systems to protect vulnerable users: detection of pedestrians and bicycles, intelligent hood, inflatable bicycle vest,

etc. These systems are often embedded.

Automatic detection of incidents (ADI system)

ITS : Perspectives

There are two major trends:

1- Intelligent infrastructure and cooperative conduct: integrated approach ; cooperative conduct; vehicle-vehicle / infrastructure communication (traffic congestion, works, storms, accidents, etc.).

2- The smart car, (really smart): The driverless car . The example of the Google car, Tesla and others. IThas made it possible. It really works.

The most important Transportation issues and thier solutions

(very briefly)

Traffic Congestion

Problem Solutions Conventionalapproach

ITS solutions approach

Traffic Congestion

Increase the capacity of the roads

New road construction New ways

- traffic regulation center ;

-Automatic detection of incidents;

- Management of corridors;

- Integrated advanced systems

-Transport to the public on request,

- Urban taxation (RFID)- etc.

Increase the number of passengers per vehicle

-Lines reserved for vehicles with a high occupancy rate;-Encourage carpooling -Own site: Metro, Tramway, BRT

Control the demand and volume of travel

-Taxation access city center + parking policy; -Demand spread (peak). - Flexible time program of companies.

Inadequacies in mobility and accessibility

Problem Solutions Conventionalapproach

ITS solutions approach

Inadequacies in mobility and accessibility

Offer a better quality of service in public transport

- new public transport lines + bus

- Traffic information (radio, TV,)

- Information service on multimodal public transport services;

- Real-time demand management system;

-on-demand transport and mobility center;

-Ticketing.

Disconnected modes of transport

Problem Solutions Conventionalapproach

ITS solutions approach

Disconnectedmodes of transport Improve

intermodality

- Construction of intermodal connections (parc and ride ; multimodal transport hub)

- Tariff integration

- Regional transport management system;

- Information system before and during the trip (Smartphone applications, website, etc.)

Road accidents

Problem Solutions Conventionalapproach

ITS solutions approach

Road accidents Improve road safety

-Improving the design of roads, -Separate lanes -Driver training - wearing a helmet- Install various signs -Limit speed-Develop emergency and alert services ;- Etc.

- Onboard safety system (ABS, Airbag, ESP, Anti collusion, etc.).

-Traffic Control Center.

-Crossing improvement system;

- Automated crash alert system: e-call ;-Etc.

The advent of smart mobility : the integration !

The advent of smart mobility : integration !

The main advantage is the availability of real-time information innovative possibilities ; different apps ; cloud, platforms; web sites ; data base integration ; big data ;

- construction of its own mobility ; - better inclusion ;- better intermodality ; - less congestion ; - less environmental impacts ; - Effectiveness and efficiency- etc.

Open data ; Big data : There remains the issue of the protection of personal data and privacy !

To succeed in developing sustainable mobility is first and foremost a political strategy (quality public transport in urban and interurban, carpooling, shared car, bike, walking, park and ride, etc.)

Investment in smart mobility : Education and research !

ICT : a huge potential !

It is then a question of education-training and research. ICT is a great support for success through intelligent mobility that leads to economic efficiency, social equity and environmental protection.

The priorities are education and training, research (know-how, IT solutions) and investment in networks (infrastructure).

In fact, the investment in smart mobility is not as expensive as we can imagine if wired and wireless networks are already available.

The return on investment (payback) is quite fast as the positive impacts are important (better traffic flow, lower road accidents, less pollution).

Investment in smart mobility : Education and research !

Conclusion : In future : crescendo integration

In the future Crescendointegration : Smart mobility is a part of smart city or smart territory.

Network integration at the level of the Arab countries will allow a convergence of the way (and best practices) of dealing with the transport and mobility problems and finally we can guarantee a support for a sustainable development of the region.

Back to the future solutions (*)

(*) Source : Odile Heddebaut & Rédha Boubakour : « Recension des solutions de mobilité (alternatives/innovantes ou non) en France et à l’étranger pour les espaces périurbains/ruraux/ peu denses ». Projet Mutandis. IFSTTAR. France, 2018

Thank you for your kind attention !