Transportation Systems Analysis Model And Very Light Jet Demand

Transportation Systems Analysis ModelAnd Very Light Jet Demand

Airports IPT - JPDONovember 15, 2005

-Automobiles-Commercial Air-New Mode or Vehicle

Transportation Systems Analysis Model

(TSAM)

Jeff Viken(757-864-2875)

[email protected]

Stuart CookeNASA Langley Research Center

Antonio Trani(540-231-4418)

Hojong Baik Nick Hinze

Senanu AshiaborHoward SwingleAnand SeshadriKrishna Murthy

Virginia Tech University

Sam DollyhighJohn CalleryJeremy Smith

Swales Aerospace

mailto:[email protected]

Attributes of the Transportation

Systems Analysis Model • Computes national demand for long distance travel• Aggregates demand from 3,091 county level projections• Socio-economic based (5 different income levels)• Models preferences for purpose of travel: Personal or Business• Models all legs of trip from doorstep to doorstep• Future projections can be made to 2025• Multi-modal in scope• Uses accepted transportation analysis methods• Aerospace technology sensitive (demand related to trip cost and time)• Demand can be based upon supply/capacity relationships• Demand studies an be applied to full range of NASA and FAA aviation

projects• Systems studies can be made to model a complete national

transportation system (Commercial Airlines in the NAS, SATS)

Premise that Defines Importance of TSAM to Users

Gains in capacity in the NAS and mobility to the traveler are credible only if:

Demand is predicted correctly….– Numbers of travelers– Location of travelers– Trip cost– Total trip time– Safety, perceptions, etc

TSAM models travel statistics from:– population– income– purpose

at the county level, and not from a regression of trend variables

Transportation Systems

Analysis Model

Aerospace Aerospace TechnologyTechnology

Trip Demand Generation

Given: Socio-economic characteristics for each county (for all states)

Predict: a) Number of trips produced per household/year

for various income levels b) Trip attractiveness to a county

Use: Trip rate tables

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

< 30k 30k to60k

60k to100k

100k to150k

> 150k

Annual Household Income ($)

Person-trips per Year

Business

Non-Business

Woods and Poole Data Implemented in the Woods and Poole Data Implemented in the Transportation Systems Analysis ModelTransportation Systems Analysis Model

Household Income Changes (2000-2025)

Changes in the U.S. Population (Years 2000 to 2025)

Woods and Poole Demographic Data Implemented in Woods and Poole Demographic Data Implemented in the Transportation Systems Analysis Modelthe Transportation Systems Analysis Model

Trip Distribution Analysis

Given: Trips produced from and attracted to each county

Predict: a) Number of person-trips from each origin to every

destination (county to county)

Use: Gravity ModelTij

PiAjFijKij

AjFij Kijj1=

n∑

-----------------------------------=

Trip Distribution (From)

Trip Distribution (To)

Selecting a Mode of Travel

Commercial Aviation

Route1

New or Improved Mode

Auto

Route2... Route nIncludes Airport ChoiceIncludes Airport Choice

Factors considered in selecting a mode:Factors considered in selecting a mode:• Travel timeTravel time• Travel costTravel cost• Value of timeValue of time• Route convenienceRoute convenience• Trip typeTrip type• Reliability of serviceReliability of service• Frequency of serviceFrequency of service

Multiple Route Mode ChoiceMode of Transportation Distance (miles) Cost ($) Time (hrs)

Auto 2154 1140 34.4Airline (Coach) 2690 630 16.4Airline (Business) 2690 1830 16.4SATS 1920 2940 10.4

Mode Choice - Auto

Mode Choice – Commercial Air

Mode Choice – SATS / Very Light Jets

Airport Demand - Commercial

Airport Demand - SATS / Very Light Jets

Description of the Very Light Jet Aircraft

• Pressurized aircraft• Four revenue seats• 365 mph cruise speed• Certified to fly into known icing conditions• 1,100 nm range• Cost per passenger-mile ($1.75 nominal based on

life-cycle cost analysis)• 3415 public airports (> 3,000 ft. paved runways)• Low Landing Minima capability provided to all

airports using SATS LLM hardware (WAAS-aided)• Airport Design Group = A-I• Wake Vortex Classification = Small

4,800 Very Light Jets in Service by 2016

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022

High Production Rate

Moderate Production Rate

Low Production Rate

Year

On-demand Cost Model (@ 1.75 passenger-mile) using VLJ AircraftOn-demand Cost Model (@ 1.75 passenger-mile) using VLJ Aircraft

VLJ Traffic in 2014 with OEP Airports

VLJ Traffic in 2025 with OEP Airports

Spatial Distribution of VLJ Operations (2014)

Top 30 Airports (2014)with OEP Airports

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Westchester Co. (HPN)Albuquerque Intl. (ABQ)

Oakland-Troy (7D2)Gwinnett Co. (LZU)

L.G. Hanscom Field (BED)Essex Co. NJ (CDW)

Orlando Executive (ORL)Fresno-Yosemite (FAT)

William P. Hobby (HOU)Van Nuys (VNY)

Reno-Tahoe Intl. (RNO)Manassas Regional (HEF)N. Mineta San Jose (SJC)

Oakland Co. MI (PTK)North Las Vegas (VGT)

St. Louis Downtown (CPS)Sugar Land Reg. (SGR)

Fort Worth Meacham (FTW)Centennial (APA)

Montgomery Co. MD (GAI)Stinson Municipal (SSF)

Teterboro (TEB)Farmingdale-Republic (FRG)

Reagan National (DCA)Salt Lake City Intl. (SLC)

Fort Lauderdale Exec. (FXE)Dekalb-Peachtree (PDK)

Fulton Co. (FTY)Love Field (DAL)

Midway (MDW)Mc Carran Intl. (LAS)

ArrivalsDepartures

Daily Flights

Scenario: Year 2014 with OEP Airports

0 100 200 300 400 500

Westchester Co. (HPN)L.G. Hanscom Field (BED)

Boulder City Muni. (61B)Fresno-Yosemite (FAT)

Centennial (APA)Willow Run (YIP)

Orlando Executive (ORL)Reno-Stead (4SD)

Essex Co. NJ (CDW)Morristown Muni. (MMU)Boise Air Terminal (BOI)

Montgomery Co. MD (GAI)Sugar Land Reg. (SGR)

St. Louis Downtown (CPS)Fort Worth Meacham (FTW)

Palwaukee Muni. (PWK)Albuquerque Intl. (ABQ)

Gwinnett Co. (LZU)Opa Locka (OPF)

William P. Hobby (HOU)Teterboro (TEB)

Dupage (DPA)Farmingdale-Republic (FRG)

Van Nuys (VNY)St. Lake City Muni. (U42)

Oakland Co. MI (PTK)San Antonio Intl. (SAT)

Dekalb-Peachtree (PDK)Fulton Co. (FTY)

Fort Lauderdale Exec. (FXE)Love Field (DAL)

North Las Vegas (VGT)

ArrivalsDepartures

Daily Flights

Scenario: Year 2014 no OEP Airports

Top 30 Airports (2014)No OEP Airports

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700


St. Louis Downtown (CPS)St. Petersburg (PIE)

Orlando Executive (ORL)Kansas City Downtown (MKC)

N. Mineta San Jose (SJC)Centennial (APA)

Oakland Co. MI (PTK)Van Nuys (VNY)Miami Intl. (MIA)

Montgomery Co. MD (GAI)L.G. Hanscom Field (BED)

Boise Air Terminal (BOI)Reno-Tahoe Intl. (RNO)Albuquerque Intl. (ABQ)

Farmingdale-Republic (FRG)Teterboro (TEB)

William P. Hobby (HOU)Fort Worth Meacham (FTW)

North Las Vegas (VGT)Sugar Land Reg. (SGR)Salt Lake City Intl. (SLC)Reagan National (DCA)Stinson Municipal (SSF)


Fort Lauderdale Exec. (FXE)Midway (MDW)

Love Field (DAL)Mc Carran Intl. (LAS)

ArrivalsDepartures

Daily Flights

Scenario: Year 2025 with OEP Airports

Top 30 Airports (2025)with OEP Airports

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

St. Petersburg (PIE)Flying Cloud (FCM)

Morristown Muni. (MMU)Fresno-Yosemite (FAT)

Reno-Stead (4SD)Boise Air Terminal (BOI)

Boeing Filed (BFI)Montgomery Co. MD (GAI)

Farmingdale-Republic (FRG)N. Mineta San Jose (SJC)

Albuquerque Intl. (ABQ)Westchester Co. (HPN)

Orlando Executive (ORL)Palwaukee Muni. (PWK)

Centennial (APA)Dupage (DPA)

Opa Locka (OPF)Van Nuys (VNY)

Gwinnett Co. (LZU)Teterboro (TEB)

Sugar Land Reg. (SGR)Fort Worth Meacham (FTW)

William P. Hobby (HOU)St. Lake City Muni. (U42)


Dekalb-Peachtree (PDK)Fort Lauderdale Exec. (FXE)



Arrivals

Departures

Daily Flights

Scenario: Year 2025, No OEP Airports




Airport Operations - 2014 - no OEP

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Westchester Co. (HPN)L.G. Hanscom Field (BED)Boulder City Muni. (61B)

Fresno-Yosemite (FAT)Centennial (APA)Willow Run (YIP)

Orlando Executive (ORL)Reno-Stead (4SD)

Essex Co. NJ (CDW)Morristown Muni. (MMU)Boise Air Terminal (BOI)

Montgomery Co. MD (GAI)Sugar Land Reg. (SGR)

St. Louis Downtown (CPS)Fort Worth Meacham (FTW)

Palwaukee Muni. (PWK)Albuquerque Intl. (ABQ)

Gwinnett Co. (LZU)Opa Locka (OPF)

William P. Hobby (HOU)Teterboro (TEB)

Dupage (DPA)Farmingdale-Republic (FRG)

Van Nuys (VNY)St. Lake City Muni. (U42)



Fort Lauderdale Exec. (FXE)Love Field (DAL)


Daily Operations

2004 Local

2004 Itinerant

2014 Local

2014 Itinerant

2014 SATS / VLJ

Top 30 Airports (2014)With OEP Airports


Airport Operations - 2014 - With OEP

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Westchester Co. (HPN)Albuquerque Intl. (ABQ)


L.G. Hanscom Field (BED)Essex Co. NJ (CDW)

Orlando Executive (ORL)Fresno-Yosemite (FAT)

William P. Hobby (HOU)Van Nuys (VNY)

Reno-Tahoe Intl. (RNO)Manassas Regional (HEF)N. Mineta San Jose (SJC)

Oakland Co. MI (PTK)North Las Vegas (VGT)

St. Louis Downtown (CPS)Sugar Land Reg. (SGR)

Fort Worth Meacham (FTW)Centennial (APA)

Montgomery Co. MD (GAI)Stinson Municipal (SSF)

Teterboro (TEB)Farmingdale-Republic (FRG)

Reagan National (DCA) - OEPSalt Lake City Intl. (SLC) - OEP

Fort Lauderdale Exec. (FXE)Dekalb-Peachtree (PDK)


Midway (MDW) - OEPMc Carran Intl. (LAS) - OEP

Daily Operations

2004 Local

2004 Itinerant

2014 Local

2014 Itinerant

2014 SATS / VLJ



Airport Operations - 2025 - no OEP

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

St. Petersburg (PIE)

Flying Cloud (FCM)

Morristown Muni. (MMU)

Fresno-Yosemite (FAT)

Reno-Stead (4SD)

Boise Air Terminal (BOI)

Boeing Filed (BFI)

Montgomery Co. MD (GAI)

Farmingdale-Republic (FRG)

N. Mineta San Jose (SJC)

Albuquerque Intl. (ABQ)

Westchester Co. (HPN)

Orlando Executive (ORL)

Palwaukee Muni. (PWK)

Centennial (APA)

Dupage (DPA)

Opa Locka (OPF)

Van Nuys (VNY)

Gwinnett Co. (LZU)

Teterboro (TEB)

Sugar Land Reg. (SGR)

Fort Worth Meacham (FTW)

William P. Hobby (HOU)

St. Lake City Muni. (U42)

Oakland Co. MI (PTK)

San Antonio Intl. (SAT)

Dekalb-Peachtree (PDK)

Fort Lauderdale Exec. (FXE)

Fulton Co. (FTY)

Love Field (DAL)


Daily Operations

2004 Local2004 Itinerant2025 Local2025 Itinerant2014 SATS / VLJ2025



Airport Operations - 2025 - with OEP

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

Oakland-Troy (7D2)

Gwinnett Co. (LZU)

St. Louis Downtown (CPS)

St. Petersburg (PIE)

Orlando Executive (ORL)

Kansas City Downtown (MKC)

N. Mineta San Jose (SJC)

Centennial (APA)

Oakland Co. MI (PTK)

Van Nuys (VNY)

Miami Intl. (MIA) - OEP

Montgomery Co. MD (GAI)

L.G. Hanscom Field (BED)

Boise Air Terminal (BOI)

Reno-Tahoe Intl. (RNO)

Albuquerque Intl. (ABQ)

Farmingdale-Republic (FRG)

Teterboro (TEB)

William P. Hobby (HOU)

Fort Worth Meacham (FTW)


Sugar Land Reg. (SGR)

Salt Lake City Intl. (SLC) - OEP

Reagan National (DCA) - OEP

Stinson Municipal (SSF)

Dekalb-Peachtree (PDK)

Fulton Co. (FTY)

Fort Lauderdale Exec. (FXE)

Midway (MDW) - OEP

Love Field (DAL)

Mc Carran Intl. (LAS) - OEP

Daily Operations

2004 Local2004 Itinerant2025 Local2025 Itinerant2014 SATS / VLJ2025

Impact of VLJ Operations at Non-Towered Airports

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Montgomery County (GAI)

Oakland/Troy (7D2)

Cincinnati-Blue Ash (ISZ)

Schaumburg Regional (O6C)

Millard-Omaha (MLE)

Jean - Las Vegas (OL7)

Herlong - Jacksonville (HEG)

Tipton - Maryland (FME)

Madera Municipal (MAE)

Lee Gilmer Memorial (GVL)

Knoxville Downtown (DKX)

Denton Municipal (DTO)

Vandenberg (VDF)

Leesburg Executive (JYO)

Carson City (CXP)

Boulder City Muni. (61B)

Palm Beach Co. (LNA)

Provo Municipal (PVU)

Fresno-Chandler (FCH)

VLJ Operations

Itinerant Commuter/Air Taxi

Itinerant General Aviation

Local General Aviation

Daily Operations

2014 VLJ Air-Taxi NAS Impacts

Airspace Impacts (Year 2014)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

ZSEZLCZOAZABZDVZBWZFWZKCZMPZHUZLAZMEZJX

ZMAZAUZID

ZDCZOBZTLZNY

Enroute Center

Daily Aircraft Operations (IFR)

ETMS Traffic (2004)FAA Center Projections (2014)

VLJ Traffic (2014)

NAS Daily Flights

Baseline and Projected NAS Daily Traffic

3676953902

6964713133

16512

2109818576

25800

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

2004 2014 2025 / 2X

Year of Analysis

SATS / VLJ

Military

Freight

G/A

Commercial / Air Taxi / Commuter

57,628

97,969

127,421

1.38

1.76

1.70

2.21

Baseline NAS: 2004 ETMSProjections:

2014 - NAS Flights + VLJ2025 - NAS Flights + VLJ

Historical Travel GrowthFAA Terminal Area Forecast (TAF)

• Years 1981 to 2000 – Enplanements - 142% increase– Air Carrier Itinerant Operations - 57% increase– GA Itinerant Operations - 5% decrease !– Total Itinerant Operations - 18.6% increase

Note: GA and Total Itinerant Operations include GA VFR flights

FAA Terminal Area Forecast (TAF)

• TAF reports Itinerant Operations in 4 categories– Air Carrier

– Air-Taxi and Commuter

– Military

– General Aviation

• Air Carrier and Air-Taxi/Commuter are the major drivers of Operations in NAS and OEP airports

• General Aviation operations are approximately 2/3 VFR flights

Projected Travel GrowthFAA Terminal Area Forecast (TAF)

TAF Summary

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

2004*2005*2006*2007*2008*2009*2010*2011* 2012*2013*2014*2015*2016*2017*2018*2019*2020*

Year

Growth ratio WRT 2004

Scheduled EnplanmentsAC opsAT & Comm opsGA opsTotal Itinerant opsTotal ops inc local

Note the different growth ratios between demand and operations

2014


Base Year 2004

Note:

Data past 2020 taken from 2019-2020 growth rate

Total Itinerant Ops includes GA VFR flights

FAA predicts average aircraft size to increase which does not reflect recent growth in Regional Jet flights

EnplanementRatio to

Base Year

Year Predicted

by TAFAir-CarrierOps Ratio

Air-Taxi /Commuter Ops Ratio

TotalItinerant

Ops Ratio

1.2X 2009 1.13 1.11 1.071.4X 2014 1.26 1.2 1.142X 2028 1.68 1.5 1.343X 2043 2.28 1.9 1.61


Airport enplanement and operations growth highly dependent on the airport set examined

Growth From 2004 to 2014

Growth in Enplanements

Growth in Operations

35 OEP Airports 41.0% 29.4%All TAF Airports 40.0% 13.6%

Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Demand

• TSAM can make future projections (to 2030) for the following:– Commercial airline demand and operations– Legacy General Aviation operations– SATS / VLJ / Air-Taxi both demand and operations

(Emergent travel mode)– International Commercial Airline demand and

operations (currently in development)– Cargo demand and operations (proposed future

development)

TSAM comparison with Domestic Enplanement Data

2004

TSAM: Business trips 86.7M

Personal trips: 154.0M

Total Commercial Airline Trips: 240.7M

How does this relate to enplanements?

Assumption: ~36% of trips have connection

Each person trip has 2 trips - Depart and Return

TSAM Commercial Enplanements: 654.7M

ATA/FAA Reported Enplanements: 635.5M (3% difference)

TSAM Commercial Airline Demand Projections

• Relative to base year 2004

Year Growth Ratio2009 1.42014 1.62025 2.02047 3.0*

* Based on growth rate 2024 to 2025

FAA Fare Yield Projections

FAA Aerospace Forecasts, 2005-2016, Table 14, Air Carrier Fare Yields

Year Current $ FY 2004 $YearlyChange

From2000

From2004

1999 13.54 15.322000 14.03 15.38 0.39%2001 13.53 14.38 -6.50% -6.50%2002 11.88 12.45 -13.42% -19.05%2003 11.73 12.00 -3.61% -21.98%2004 11.46 11.46 -4.50% -25.49%2005 11.11 10.81 -5.67% -29.71% -5.67%2006 11.15 10.62 -1.76% -30.95% -7.33%2007 11.25 10.47 -1.41% -31.92% -8.64%2008 11.39 10.35 -1.15% -32.70% -9.69%2009 11.53 10.23 -1.16% -33.49% -10.73%2010 11.65 10.10 -1.27% -34.33% -11.87%2011 11.79 9.97 -1.29% -35.18% -13.00%2012 11.95 9.86 -1.10% -35.89% -13.96%2013 12.10 9.74 -1.22% -36.67% -15.01%2014 12.25 9.62 -1.23% -37.45% -16.06%2015 12.39 9.50 -1.25% -38.23% -17.10%2016 12.54 9.37 -1.37% -39.08% -18.24%

TSAM Demand is a Function of Ticket Cost to Traveler

Fare Yield Scenarios Analyzed

Fare Yield

Scenario

2005 (January)

2014 2025

FAA Forecast -30.0% -37.8% -55.8%

Maintain low fares

-30.0% -25.0% -25.0%

Fares return to 2000 levels

-30.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Oil greatly exceeds CPI

-30.0% +10.0% +25.0%

•

TSAM - Sensitivity of Air Travel to Fare Yields

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2004 2014 2025

Year

Enplanements by Scheduled Air (Million)

Non-Business Fare Yields: 1/.622/.542FAA TAFNon-Business Fare Yields: 1/.78/.65 RTM

Non-Business Fare Yields: 1/1/1

Business Fare Yields: 1/.622/.542 FAATAFBusiness Fare Yields: 1/.78/.65 RTM

Business Fare Yields: 1/1/1

TSAM comparisons with TAF

2014TSAM:

FAA Projected Enplanements: 879.2M

Fare YieldScenario

FAAForecast

MaintainLow Fares

Return to2000 levels

Oil PricesExceed CPI

Fare YieldReduction -37.80% -25% 0% 10%BusinessPerson Trips 123.2M 119.8M 116M 114.6MNon-BusinessPerson Trips 290.7M 243.7M 197.6M 181.3MTotalPerson Trips 413.9M 363.5M 313.6M 295.9MGrowth From2004 72% 51% 30% 23%

TotalEnplanements 1,125.8M 988.7 853 804.8

Future Airline Schedules to Meet Demand Projections

• Future flight schedules are grown from current commercial schedules using the Fratar algorithm

• Airplanes are assumed to have an average 70% load factor• Increased passenger demand between airports can be met with a

combination of increased flight frequency and larger aircraft• Research by Airbus1(next slide) indicates that airlines will satisfy increased

demand by adding the following service (flights refer to all airlines combined):– Total round trip flights <= 6 - Increase frequency of flights between airports– Total round trip flights > 60 - Increase capacity (size) of aircraft– Total round trip flights in between: Use a combination of increased frequency

and increased capacity.

1) http://www.airbus.com/pdf/media/GMF2004_demand_passenger.pdf

Direct Flights

• As demand increases between city pairs in the future, we model airlines introducing direct flights where non existed previously

• We model this by introducing 2 direct flights (each way) per day when passenger demand exceeds 25k trips per year

• Add 1 morning and 1 evening direct flight each way

• Remove shortest connecting route flights from future schedule (only flights of 2 legs considered)

• 2 direct flights replace 4 connecting flights

• The base schedule has not been changed.

ATL Departures and Arrivals X2 with Direct Flights and Consolidation of Operations to Larger Aircraft

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96

Epoch (15 minutes)

Number of Operations

2004 Dep

2004 Arr

X2 Dep

X2 Arr

Direct+Cons Dep

Direct+Cons Arr

ORD Departures and Arrivals X2 with Direct Flights and Consolidation of Operations to Larger Aircraft

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96

Epoch (15 minutes)

Number of Operations

2004 Dep

2004 Arr

X2 Dep

X2 Arr

Direct+Cons Dep

Direct+Cons Arr

System TotalFlights

FlightGrowthRatio

ATL FlightGrowthRatio

ORD FlightGrowthRatio

2004 35,605 2,620 2,773

2X 72,737 2.04X 6,465 2.47X 5,936 2.14X

DirectFlights

68,671 1.93X 5,512 2.10X 5,505 1.99X

DirectFlights+LargerAircraft

63,963 1.80X 4,704 1.80X 4,808 1.73X

Commercial Operations Based on 2X Passenger Demand

Note: Based on FAA Fare Yield Projections

System TotalFlights

FlightGrowthRatio

ATL FlightGrowthRatio

ORD FlightGrowthRatio

2004 35,605 2,620 2,773

3X 108,955 3.06X 10,162 3.88X 8,577 3.09X

DirectFlights

100,811 2.83X 8,318 3.17X 7,773 2.80X

DirectFlights+LargerAircraft

82,156 2.31X 5,596 2.14X 5,687 2.05X

Commercial Operations Based on 3X Passenger Demand

Note: Based on FAA Fare Yield Projections

Traffic Assignment• BADA ModelBADA Model

• Aircraft performance Aircraft performance • FuelFuel

• 4D Trajectories4D Trajectories• FAA airspace sectorsFAA airspace sectors

TSAM - Concluding Remarks

• TSAM is a unique model that projects the national demand for travel from socio-economic and population characteristics by county

• TSAM can compute the demand for a completely new mode of travel diverted from existing travel modes

• Near term goal is to be able to build completely new and arbitrary Commercial Airline networks in the NAS from county demand

• A new point-to-point transportation network (SATS, etc) can be built from county demand

• Current and future International Airline traffic in the NAS can be modeled• Can be used to conduct noise and emission studies, both on a regional and

national level, with current and proposed vehicles and transportation

networks.• Can be used to evaluate the demand for a given technology investment based

upon the performance enhancement

Documents

Transportation Systems Analysis Model And Very Light Jet Demand