Transports of Organic Carbon and Nutrients in the Kaoping River-Sea System

 

J.-J. Hung, H.-M. Yang, E.-T. Yeh, Y.-C. Yeh, C.-M. Ho and I..-J. Lai

 Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-

Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan E-mail: hungjj@mail.nsysu.edu.tw

 

Outlines

Riverine fluxes of suspended sediment, and dissolved and particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus Meterological conditions vs. riverine fluxes Transformation of riverine CNP in the Kaoping Estuary (net fluxes) Coastal CNP budgets (on-going studies)

Dadson et al., 2003

Kaoping River

1999 2000

里嶺大橋

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

200

400

600

800

1000(C) 歷年平均

2002年

Dis

char

ge

(c.m

.s.)

Time(month)

Sampling period:

Aug/1999-July/2000 (1998-2000 La Nina event)

2002 (2002-04 El Nino event)

Historical

Sampling locations in the Kaoping River

Sampling locations and their elevations and discharge contributions

Sediment Yield(Kaoping watershed)

1999/2000: 3.6*103 g/m2/yr 2002: 0.656*103 g/m2/yr World’s rivers (mean): 150 g/m2/yr Island’s rivers (mean): 3*103 g/m2/yr

# derived from suspended load only

Particle size vs. river discharge (water elevation)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sampling Date (2007-2008)

>150 µm 63-150 µm 10-63 µm 3-10 µm 0.4-3 µm

Wate

r ele

vati

on

(m

)

Ind

ivid

ual S

ize f

racti

on

(%

)

3

4

5

6

7

8 Water elevation

Pabuk

Typhoon

Wutip

TyphoonSepat

Typhoon

Krosa Typhoon

Dry season

Wet season

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sampling Date (2007-2008)

Fra

cti

on

( %

)

>150 µm 63-150 µm 10-63 µm 3-10 µm

Particulate organic carbon (POC)

Particulate inorganic nitrogen (PON)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sampling Date (2007-2008)

Fra

cti

on

( %

)

>150 µm 63-150 µm 10-63 µm 3-10 µm

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sampling Date (2007-2008)

Fra

cti

on

(%

)

>150 µm 63-150 µm 10-63 µm 3-10 µm

Particulate organic phosphorus (POP)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sampling Date (2007-2008)

Fra

cti

on

(%

)

>150 µm 63-150 µm 10-63 µm 3-10 µm

Particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP)

Chemical Yield(Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl, SO4, HCO3, Si)

1999/2000: 1.14*103 g/m2/yr

2002: 0.416*103 g/m2/yr

World’s rivers (ave): 33~40 g/m2/yr

63%

1.3%10%

25%

POC PIC DOC DIC

36%33%

31%

DIN DON PON

Transport of C and N in the Kaoping River

Data source: EPA, Taiwan

°ª«Ì·Ë

¨ä¥L

¤u·~¼o¤ô

59%¯bªª¼o¤ô

®a®x¼o¤ô

1%

28%

59%12%

Kaoping River

Industrial

wastewater

Others

DomesticAnimal

wasterwater

1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

20031977

Kaoping River

NH

4 -

N (

mg

/l)

Time

Foot and Mouth Disease

Nitrogen Fluxes(Anthropogenic contributions)

• Estimated from wastewater discharge: 5.6*104 kg/day

• Estimated from difference between baseline and in-situ measurements: 6.5*104 kg/day (Particulate nitrogen: 4.8 *103 kg/day)

• EPA(ROC) report: 5.7 *104 kg/day

• Anthropogenic contributions to total fluxes: 89% (64715/72977=89%)

Phosphorus Fluxes(Anthropogenic contributions)

• Estimated from wastewater discharge: 4.7 *103 kg/day

• Estimated from the difference between baseline and in-situ measurements: 7.4 *103 kg/day(Particulate P: 4.4 *103 kg/day)

• EPA(ROC) report: 1.3 *104 kg/day

• Anthropogenic contributions to total fluxes: 61% (7399/12124=61%)

Carbon and nutrient yields from the Kaoping Watershed

 

　 08/1999-07/2000 (a)2002

(b)a/b

Discharge (cms) 270 102 2.6

POC (g/m2/yr) 44.9 2.92 15.4

PIC (g/m2/yr) 18.4 1.27 14.5

DOC (g/m2/yr) 2.27 1.8 1.3

DIC (g/m2/yr) 111 47.7 2.3

PN (g/m2/yr) 0.70 0.47 1.5

DIN (mol/m2/yr) 0.59 0.13 4.5

DIP (mmol/m2/yr) 6.29 5.43 1.2

DSi (mol/m2/yr) 0.41 0.31 1.3

Meterological conditions primarily determine the material fluxes and proportions of natural and ant

hropogenic contributions

119°E 122°E

26° N

Taiwan Strait

24° N

22° N

Kaoping River

121°E

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

SR

P (µ

M)

Salinity

Surface Bottom

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

DO

(µM)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Nitr

ate+

Nitr

ite (

µM)

Salinity

Surface Bottom

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

DO

DO

(µM)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Sili

cate

(µM

)

Salinity

Surface Bottom

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

DO

DO

(µM)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

DO

(µM

)

Salinity

DO

6.8

7.0

7.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

8.0

8.2

pH-DO (r=0.8119, p<0.0001)

pH

Dec./20030 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Dec/2003

Chl-a (µg

l-1)

Salinity

Surface Bottom

DO

0 10 20 30 40

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

SR

P (

µM)

July,1999

NH4

NO2

NO3

DIN

Nitr

ogen

Con

cent

ratio

n (

µM)

0 10 20 30 40

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.60 10 20 30 40

0

5

10

15

20

25

Si (

µM)

0 10 20 30 40

0

2

4

6

Chl

a (µ

g l-1

)

July, 2003

Salinity Salinity

-12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 320

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

40011/22/1989

River st.

C

DO

C (

µ M

)

Salinity

1. Dissolved inorganic nutrients (except for DIP-addition in high S range) and DOC were transported conservatively through the estuary during the wet season.

2. Nitrate reduction/denitrification occurred in the low S range during the dry season

3. Non-conservative transports - for particulate phases of carbon and nutrients

4. Using Biogeochemical (box) model to derive net fluxes

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

POC

( m

g L

-1 )

KPR941018

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

SurfaceMiddleBottom

Salinity10 9 8 7

Station

圖 2 -1、 高 屏 海 域 採 樣 站 位 圖

Lat

itud

e (N

)

L o n g itu d e (E )

A 1

A 2

A 3

A 4

B 1B 2

B 3

B 4

B 5C 1

C 2

C 3

C 4

D 1

D 2

D 3E 1

E 2

E 3

1 2 0 .31 2 0 .1 1 2 0 .5

2 2 .5

2 2 .7

2 2 .3

2 2 .1

K a o p in g R iv er

T u n gk a n g R iver

T ap on g B ay

L iu ch iu Islan d

Dissolved

CNP

Budgets

Particulate CNP

Budgets

Kaoping Watershed

Kaoping Estuary● Addition● Removal

River

Dissolved Particulater matter

Netfluxes Coastal Zone

● Primary production● Recycling

Sediments ● Recycled ● Preserved

SettlingDissolvedRelease Denitrification

Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets

On-going studies

圖4-1、研究期間於高屏海域各測站之溫鹽圖

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

3231.532.032.533.033.534.034.535.0

CR724 ( 2001/08 ) KW SCS A1 A4 B1 B3 B5 C1 C4

SCS

KW

Temperature ( °C )

Salinity

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

3231.532.032.533.033.534.034.535.0

CR738 ( 2001/11 ) KW SCS A1 A4 B1 B3 B5 C1 C4

SCS

KW

Temperature ( °C )

Salinity

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

3231.532.032.533.033.534.034.535.0

CR762 ( 2002/03 ) KW SCS A1 A4 B1 B3 B5 C1 C4

SCS

KW

Temperature ( °C )

Salinity

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 200000.00.10.20.30.40.5

DIP

( µ

M )

Discharge ( m3 month-1 )

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 200000.51.01.52.02.53.0

DIN

( µ

M )

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 2000002468

101214

DS

i ( µ

M )

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 200000.00.30.60.91.21.5

Ch

l. a

( µ

g L

-1 )

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 200002.02.53.03.54.04.55.0

TS

M (

mg

L-1 )

圖 4-42、高屏溪輸出流量對高屏海域各化學參數（ D O C、D O N、D O P、

PO C、 PN、 T SM、 C hl. a、 D Si、 D IN 及 D IP）平均濃度分佈之影響

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 200000.00.30.60.91.2

PN

( µ

M )

D ischarge ( m 3 m on th -1 )

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 200002468

1012

PO

C (

µM

)

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 200000.20.30.40.50.60.7

DO

P (

µM

)

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 200006

8

10

12

DO

N (

µM

)

0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000

708090

100110120

DO

C (

µM

)

表 4-3、研究期間於高屏海域 DIP<0.2μM、DIN<1μM、P及 N limitation zone之百分比

P limitation zone (%) N limitation zone (%) Cruise

DIP<0.2μM (%) DIP<0.2μM N/P>30

DIN<1μM (%) DIN<1μM N/P<10

724 ( 2001/08 ) 56 - 42 42 738 ( 2001/11 ) 86 - 21 4 762 ( 2002/03 ) 75 - 46 7 797 ( 2002/07 ) 65 4 35 13 837 ( 2002/12 ) 96 - 72 38 853 ( 2003/03 ) 86 3 31 11

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

0

40

80

120

160

Chl. a ( µg L-1 )

P=0.0822R=0.4212

Chl. a ( µg L-1 )

DCR ( mg C m

-3 d

-1 )

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

0

50

100

150

200

250R=0.2680P=0.0076

GP ( mg C m

-3 d

-1 )

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

0

40

80

120

160

DIN ( µM )

P=0.0694R=0.4972

DIN ( µM )

DCR ( mg C m

-3 d

-1 )

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

0

50

100

150

200

250 R=0.4154P<0.0001

GP ( mg C m

-3 d

-1 )

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0

0

40

80

120

160

DIP ( µM )

P=0.0860R=0.3999

DIP ( µM )

DCR ( mg C m

-3 d

-1 )

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0

0

50

100

150

200

250 R=0.4791P<0.0001

GP ( mg C m

-3 d

-1 )

圖 4-50、研究期間高屏海域GP/DCR Ratio於各站位之分佈圖

0

2

4

6

Ratio = 1

Mar-02 Jul-02 Dec-02 Mar-03

A1 B1 B3 B5 C1

GP

/ D

CR

( R

atio

)

Time ( month )