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TRANSRAPID MANGLEV. BY– ISHAAN GUPTA ECE-123 03914802810. OUTLINE. Maglev. Two. Types. Full scale speed. 500 km/ hr. Types. EMS. Magnetic attraction . Servo-Controlled . Electromagnets. Iron-plate rail. EDS. Magnetic repulsion. S uperconducting. Induction. Cryogenic. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TRANSRAPIDMANGLEVBY– ISHAAN GUPTAECE-12303914802810
OUTLINETransrapid working
Cryogen Working
Parts and Principle
Germany vs. Japan
Advantages
Impacts
Summary
References
Two
TypesMaglev
Full scale speed500 km/hr
TypesEMS
Servo-Controlled ElectromagnetsIron-plate rail
Magnetic attraction
Magnetic repulsion
EDS
SuperconductingInduction
Cryogenic
EMS system: The German Trans-Rapid TR08 demonstration train and 30 kilometer test track, with operating speeds up to 450 km/hr.
EDS system: The Japanese Yamanashi demonstration train, with speeds of 500 km/hr on a 18 kilometer test track.
Maglevworking
•The magnets on the side => Sharper turnsAn on-Board Master computer => Efficient Levitation
Propulsion System
Three Phase Motor GUIDE-WAY
• The system consists of aluminum three-phase cable windings in stator packs on guide way.
• When current is supplied to the windings, it creates a traveling alternating current that propels the train.
• When AC is reversed, the train brakes.• Different speeds are achieved by varying the
intensity of the current.• Only a section of track of train travel area is
electrified.
The Japanese maglev uses superconducting magnets
Lateral Guidance•The super conducting magnet induces repulsive-attractive forces keeping the train in the center of the guide way.
The German Trans-Rapid Maglev
The Japanese Yamanashi
Swiss-Metro
Lock./07
Inductrack System
The Inductrack
SystemOptimizes levitation efficiency
Uses Halbach magnetinc arraysUses a passive track and permanent magnets
Attains levitation at lower speeds
End view of Halbach array on moving car
Upper conductors of shorted levitation circuits in track
0 5 10 15 20 25 300.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fraction of Maximum Levitation Force vs Speed
Speed (km/hr)
Frac
tion
of
Max
imum
Lift
For
ce
Transition speed (1.2 km/hr)
Carbon fiber cradle was designed using ANSYS
Locations of each 5-magnet Halbach array(same front and back)
Ribs needed to withstand the repulsive force caused by the magnets andinduced current
65-cm
Cradle weight = 3.5 kg Magnet weight = 5.5 kg
GUIDE RAILS TO PREVENTMAGNETS FROM HITTINGTRACK PRIOR TO LEVITATION
ONE OF 6 MAGNETS(3 FRONT, 3 BACK)THAT PROVIDE LEVITATIONAND CENTERING FORCES
STEEL BOX BEAM
DRIVE &LEVITATIONCOILS INTRACK
C-FIBERCRADLEWITH RIBSTO SUPPORTMAGNETIC
FORCE FIBERGLASS I-BEAM
Lock./19
0 100 200 300 400 5000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Lift/Drag Ratio for Inductrack and for Conducting Plate
Speed (km/hr)
Lift
/Dra
g
Conducting plate
Inductrack (L = 0)
Inductrack ( K = 3.0 Newtons/Watt)
(Wavelength of Halbach array = 1.0 m.)
Jet airplane
Conv. rails @ 250 km/hr
(aero. not included)
The levitation and drag forces of the Inductrack can be analyzed using circuit theory and Maxwell’s equations
)cos()/()sin( =I(t)
:state)(steady current Induced
)cos(
: voltage
2)/(1
10
0
tLRtL
tRIdtdILV
Induced
LR
To analyze the Inductrack we start with the equations for the magnetic field components of a Halbach array
Bx B0 sin(kx) exp[ k(y1 y)]
By B0 cos(kx) exp[ k(y1 y)]
B0 Br [1 exp( kd)]sin( / M)
/ MBr = Remanent field (Tesla), M = no. of magnets/wavelength.d(m) = thickness of Halbach array magnets, k = 2π/l
Integrating Bx in y gives the flux linked by the Inductrack circuits and yields equations for the Lift and Drag forces
Fy B0
2w2
2kL1
1 (R / L)2 exp( 2ky1)
Fx B0
2w2
2kL(R / L)
1 (R / L)2 exp( 2ky1)
w = width of Halbach array, L,R = circuit induct./resistance
Newtons/circuit
Newtons/circuit
Dividing <Fy > by <Fx > yields an equation for the Lift-to-Drag ratio as a function of the track circuit parameters.
RLv
RL
DragLift
2
The Lift/Drag ratio increases linearly with velocity, and with the L/R ratio of the Inductrack track circuits.
The levitation efficiency (Newtons/Watt) can be determined directly from the equation for the Lift/Drag ratio
Since P Fx v, the equation for the levitation efficiency is:
K Fy
P
2
LR
Newtons/Watt
Typical K values: K=1.0 to 5.0, depending on track design
Application InfoComm
Safety•Virtually impossible to derail.•Collisions between trains unlikely
Maintenance• Contactless journey..SO,NEARLY NO MAINTAINANCE!!
Comfort•The ride at nearly 500km/hr is smooth while not sudden accelerating. (Which, is also unlikely!)
Economic Efficiency•The initial investment similar but operating expenses are half.•Can take 200-1000 passengers in single run
•The linear generators produce electricity for the cabin of the train.
Speed•Can travel at about 300 mph.•For trips of distances up to 500 miles its total travel time is equal to a planes •It can accelerate to 200 mph in 3 miles.=>ideal for short jumps.
EnvironmentADVANTAG
ES
USES LESS
ENEGY
LESS FUEL USED
FUEL
1/5 OF JET
1/3 OF CAR
SPEED FUEL
AT 200KM/H
R->1L
AT 300KM/H
R->2L
5-10 ft Levitation
Allows small animals to pass under
10-27 ft Levitation
Allows medium animals to pass under
50ft Levitation
Allows large animals, humans to pass
MagLev vs. Conventional TrainsMagLev Trains Conventional Trains
No Friction = Less Maintenance
Routine Maintenance Needed
No Engine = No fuel required
Engine requires fossil fuels
Speeds in excess of300 mph
Speeds up to 110 mph
Summary Magnetic levitation (maglev) trains have been under development for
many years in Germany and Japan for high-speed rail systems. Maglev would offer many advantages as compared to conventional rail
systems or inter-city air travel. The cost and complexity of presently developed high-speed maglev trains
has slowed their deployment. The Inductrack maglev system, employing simple arrays of permanent
magnets, may offer an economic alternative to existing maglev systems. The simplicity of the Inductrack may make it attractive for use in a variety
of applications, including urban maglev systems, people movers, and point-to-point shipment of high-value freight
The Inductrack, employing Halbach arrays, is an example of a practical application of the results of fundamental studies in magnetics and particle-accelerator physics.
Referenc
es Bonsor, Kevin. “H
ow Maglev Trains Work”. 5 September, 2002. <
http://travel.howstuffworks.com/maglev-train.htm>
Keating, Oliver. “Maglevs (M
agnetically Levitated Trains)”. 16 June,
2000. <http://www.okeating.com/hsr/maglev.htm>
Disney Online. “California Screamin’”. August, 1
999. <
http://disneyland.disney.go.com/disneyland/en_US/parks/attractions/
detail?name=CaliforniaScreaminAttractionPage
>
MagLev Systems. “Electromagnetic Systems”.
General Atomics
and Affiliated Companies. 2005. <http://www.ga.com/atg/ems.php
>. Lockhem tech.
http://www.google.com