Transvaal, Postage Due 1 9 0 7Used single

C N O TIPD1 '/zd. Black and blue-

green 3,00 4,00 4,00 2,00IPD2 Id. Black and scarlet 2,00 3,00 6,00 2,00IPD3 2d. Brown-orange 1,00 2,00 8,00 1,00IPD4 3d. Black and blue 4,00 7,00 15,00 3,00IPD5 5d. Black and violet 10,00 20,00 - 8,00IPD6 6d. Black and red-

brown 10,00 20,00 30,00 10,001PD7 1/- Scarlet and black 20,00 25,00 100,00 10,00

3

King’s Head SeriesIn Jan u ary 1911 com petitive designs were invited for a series o f postage stam ps for the U nion of South A frica, an d in May th a t year it was announced th a t prizes h ad been aw arded for subm itted designs by six of the en tran ts: Mrs Guy B runton , Johannesbu rg (3d.); T h e C ape T im es L td ., C ape Town (Is.); K arl Greger, Leigh-on-Sea, E ngland (2d.); C.P. Im m elm an, Paarl (6d .); D. Mackay, N orth Finchley, L ondon ( ’/ id ., Id. and 5s.) an d E. A. Nicolay, C ape Town (2*/2d.). (Also illus­tra ted are unaccep ted essays for 5s. and 3d. See SA Philatelist, M arch 1983.)

The Award-w inning Essays■ I

6

M ackay EssaysPrinted from half-tone blocks or plates in strips of five values ( '/id .. Id ., 3d ., 4d. and 5/-). T he individual designs vary slightly in size, approxim ating 20 x 24 m m .

a. Brownb. Redc. Violetd. Yellow

Single values Each 100,00Strip of five values 600,00Prin ted from photolitho offset plates in sepia on a bu ff background slightly larger th a n the respective designs'/id ., Id. and 5/- values Each 100,00

De L a Rue EssaysIn 1912 tenders were invited for the production of a series of eleven values in a un iform design. T h e con tract was aw arded to Thos. De La Rue & Co., L td ., London and stam ps of the values, Vid., Id ., 2d ., 2 '/id ., 3d., 4d ., 6d ., 1/-, 2 /6 , 5 /- and 10/- were p laced on sale a t all post offices th roughou t the U n ­ion on 1 Septem ber 1913. T h e £1 followed in July 1916 and later, as a result of increases in the le tter and telegraph rates, the l'/id . was in troduced on 23 August 1920 an d the 1/3 on 1 Septem ber 1920, respectively. In 1922 the ra te on overseas letters was raised, and the 3d. value consequently appeared in blue and blue on 4 O ctober of tha t year to conform .

T he design of the series was based on the fam iliar M acken- nal H ead of King George V set in an oval su rm oun ted by a crown and with the place nam e in English an d D utch a t the sides, the rest being m ade u p of fleurs-de-lis in the u p per corners and shields bearing the figure of value in the lower ones. T he Vid., Id. an d l '/id . values bore the words Revenue and Inkom st in add ition to Postage and Postzegel. T he stamps were surface p rin ted , the preparato ry stages being as follows.

Colour Proofs o f “ T ria l” Diesa. Vid. value in green, im perfora te and

unm ounted, the head d iffering in detail from the rejected and accepted M ackennal head dies. W ith leaf sprays and folded scrolls, in lieu of lettering, in lower sector of oval and ribbons

b. Id. value in red, im perfora te and m oun ted in a recess on thick w hite card , inscribed in b lack ink m.s. “Qj’ a t u p pe r left and “O ct.2nd. 12” at upper right. (Differences in design from a.)

c. Id. value in m aroon, im perforate, m oun ted in a recess on thick white card , inscribed as above. (Differences in design from b.)

1 500,00

1 500,00

1 500,00

d. 2Vid. value. A rtist’s m ock-up study withfram e in green an d h ead in blue cut ou t from some o th er K.G.V. stam p an d pasted in. M ounted on unglazed card . M arked in ink “O ctober 2nd, 1912” a t u p pe r left; “F” at u p pe r righ t an d the words “C olour of head and border reversed in design” a t bottom . (Differences in m ino r detail from the adop ted design) 1 500,00

H ead D ieProof of the accepted M ackennal die in black on white record cards, h an dstam ped in corners in b lue or b lack B E F O R E /H A R D E N IN G or A F T E R /H A R D E N IN G or A FT E R /S TR IK IN G an d various dates, some w ith initials, in black ink or pencil m .s. or hand stam p ed in blue 1 500,00

D ie EssayProof or essay of engraver’s “w orking die” in b lack on w hite record card , hand stam p ed “28 O ct. 12” in b lue a t u p pe r left an d in black B E F O R E /H A R D E N IN G at u p pe r righ t. M edallion com plete an d fram e unfinished. (Value no t inserted) 1 500,00

W ithout “Revenue/Inkom st" Complete fram e Complete head and 2d. to £1 values fram e

Com pleted Frame Dies2 Vid., 3d ., 4d ., 6d ., 2 /6 , 5 /- an d 10/- values

Each 1 500,00£1 value (w ithout any inscriptions) 1 500,00

Completed H ead a n d Frame DiesVid., Id ., l '/id ., 2d ., 1/- an d 1/3 values

Each 1 200,00

(Note: Proof of the Id. die w ithout “Postage — Postzegel” and “Revenue - Inkom st”, used for postal stationery).

7

Colour Trials1. W aterm ark Springbok’s head , im perforate

and unm ounted .Id . Value.a. Grey, b. Brown, c. Mauve, d. L ight brown, e. Sage green, f. G reen, g. Red, h. Purple, i. O range Each 1 500,002'/2d. ValueBlack and: a. orange; b. violet; c. green;d. brown;Blue and: e. blue; f. red; g. green;Green and: h. orange; i. red; j. purple;Purple and: k. blue; 1. green;Brown and: m . red-orange; n . deep orange

Each 1 500,00“subm itted for the Postm aster-G eneral’s approval on 2 February 1913”.

2. a. Violet; b. C hestnut; c. Sepia; d . Blue-grey;e. Blue Each 1 500,00subm itted to the Postm aster-G eneral, for his approval, on 10 May 1920 in response to hisrequest for a colour schem e for the proposed l'Ad. and 1/3 postage stam ps.(Two were selected on 8 June 1920, w ith ce r­tain instructions, and th a t the word ‘REVENUE’ be om itted from the 1/3 stam p).

Plate Trials in Colour as IssuedW aterm arked Springbok’s head im perforate, on gum m ed paper:Single stam ps, Vkl., 2d ., 3d ., 4d ., 10/- and £1.Vertical pairs, Id ., 6d ., 1/-, 1/3 and 5/-. Each 1 200,00

SpecimensO verprinted typographically in blue-black “SPECIM EN ” (13‘/2 x 2 m m .) in block letters, horizontally:'Ad., Id ., 2d ., 2'Ad., 3d. (bicolour), 4d ., 6d., 1/-, 2 /6 , 5/- an d 10/- values EachH andstam ped “SPECIM EN ” (18 x 3 m m .) in block letters, read ing upw ard diagonally: l'Ad. and 1/3 values, in violet Each£1 value, in greenNote: F urther types of “Specim en” hand- stam ps on all of the values have recently been found. These were probably p repared by or for m em bers who joined the UPU after the overprinted versions h ad been distributed .

250.00

250.00250.00

The Mackennal Head Design of King George VThis, the U nion’s first definitive series, com prised 15 stam ps of w hich the 'Ad., Id ., 1 ‘Ad., 2d ., 1/-., and 1/3 were m o n o ­chrom e and the rem aining values b i-coloured. T h e 3d. d e ­nom ination was first p rin ted in b lack an d o range-red , then la ter in b lue an d blue. T h e design an d fo rm at were the sam e th roughou t.

T h e stam ps were all p roduced on white unsurfaced p ap er p repared in sheets large enough to p rin t 480 units a t a tim e an d the four lowest denom inations — 'Ad., Id ., 1'Ad. and 2d — were all tu rn e d ou t in this form from two 240 im age plates m ounted side by side. These large sheets were subsequently cu t in half, b u t for the o ther values the large sheets were halved before being p rin ted . T hus all values were issued in sheets of 240 stam ps (20 rows by 12).

All these 240 u n it sheets consisted of four panes, each of sixty stam ps (10 rows x 6) enclosed by jub ilee lines an d sepa­ra ted from one an o th er by a 10 m m wide vertical g u tte r and an o th er horizontal one, the d ep th of the stam p. O n the sheets of the m onochrom e values and those of £1 this horizontal g u t­ter was filled w ith a p a tte rn of o rn am enta l pillars.

Except for the first two p rin tings of the Id . value, all the sheets of stam ps h ad the n u m b er of the p la te w hich h ad p roduced them im prin ted four tim es, twice on the top m ar-

Co-extensive jubilee line

Broken jubilee line

8

gin above the second and eleventh stam ps of the first row and again on the m argin below the corresponding stam ps of the 20th row. These are known as Controls, and are listed u n der tha t heading.

A com m on headp la te bearing the control figure “1” was used in conjunction w ith a separate, u nnum bered , fram e- plate to produce all the bi-coloured values. Sheets of the la t­ter, therefore, all h ad the sam e control num ber, 1, im prin ted at the four corners, and those from the first stage of p ro d u c ­tion h ad the jubilee lines a round the m argins of the fram es the same length on bo th the h eadp la te and the fram eplate .

Later, for technical reasons, alm ost certain ly to allow a ir to escape m ore freely, approxim ately a q u a rte r of the length of each jubilee line was rem oved from the ends of rows 4 to 8, 13, 14, 16 and 17 of the headpla te . U p to an d includ ing this stage, the corner m argins still have the jub ilee lines a t the side of the same length and they are listed u n d e r controls as hav­ing “Co-extensive Jubilee Lines”. T hey can only be recognised when they have the p la te n u m b er a ttached , as the jubilee lines were never m odified a t the in ter-pane corners and , of course, single stam ps w ith the p la te n u m b er a ttach ed m ust have the lines of the sam e length . Because they were p rin ted after the head p late h ad been m odified, the sheets of the £1 and the 3d. value in b lue and b lue only h ad the broken jubilee lines at the ir corners.

Next the jubilee lines were broken a t the ends of rows 1 to 3 and 18 to 20, and finally the line was rem oved entirely from the vertical gu tter next to the seventh stam p of the fifth and 16th rows. Because there are differences in the shape of the ends of the rem aining jubilee lines in the vertical gu tte r at these rows, it is possible to determ ine w hether even a single stam p with this gu tte r still a ttach ed cam e from the u p pe r or lower h a lf of the sheet. As they h ad been produced earlier, this “Missing Jubilee Line” variety is no t found in the 2 'Ad. or 3d. black and orange-red stam ps. C orners from these stages are listed u n der Controls as having “Broken Jubilee Lines”.

T he w aterm arks on the double-sized sheets consisted of 480 Springbok heads, spaced so th a t there was one for each stamp, and 12 small “ + ” signs ( 6 x 8 m m ) positioned as fol­lows: (a) O ne in each corner of the sheet spaced 26 m m from the nearest Springbok head , (b) Two at the top centre and two a t the bo ttom centre of the sheet, each one spaced 16 m m from the nearest Springbok head , (c) A row of four in the centre of the sheet in exact a lignm ent vertically w ith the co r­responding m arks a t the top and bo ttom of the sheet.

As the ou ter m arks ind icated where the large sheet h ad to be trim m ed, usually only portions of them ap p ea r on the m argins of the accom panying stam ps. In halving the large sheets the cut h ad to be m ade vertically th rough the m iddle of the three centre pairs of m arks. T h e presence of one of them on a corner piece proves it as being from the left or right h and half of the original sheet. This po in t is of p a rtic u la r im ­portance as it makes possible the identification of m arg inal outer corner pieces from the first two plates of the Id. value, which did no t have a num ber p rin ted on the m arg in .

Occasionally a sheet of p ap e r was fed to the p rin tin g press in reverse, and the stam ps thus h ad the w aterm ark inverted. T h is variety is unknow n on the 2 /6 and £1 values, is rare in the case of the 5 /- and 10/-, an d com paratively com m on in the rem ainder. It should be no ted th a t due to the m ethod em ­ployed for p rin tin g the booklet stam ps after 1920, h a lf of the ir panes h ad the w aterm ark inverted. To be sure tha t stam ps w ith this fea tu re are from sheets an d no t booklet panes, they should be collected in a row of four; a strip of not less th a n three or, as a single, w ith a portion of the sheet m a r­gin attached .

Layout of the “plus” signs in relation to the nearest Springbok’s H ead W aterm ark

T h e sheet of p ap er was generally correctly positioned when the p rin tin g was done an d each stam p in consequence has only one w aterm ark . W hen it was no t so, stam ps show parts of m ore th a n one Springbok head . In an extrem e case the m isp lacem ent was such th a t one o r two sheets of each of Plates 6 and 7 of the Id . value were w ithout w aterm arks in the top and eleventh rows of stam ps because the w aterm ark fell on the horizontal g u tte r an d bo ttom m arg in . Similarly the first stam ps of the row in a very few 2d. sheets missed w aterm ark ing as it appeared in the righ t m arg in . Collectors should be careful to see th a t 2d. stam ps offered as being w ithout w aterm ark do n o t have a trace of the buck’s ea r in the left h an d perfo ration , as these are of little value.

D ue to a defect in the dandy roll a t one stage, sheets of stam ps of several values h ad a defective w aterm ark ing in two positions: in row 19/2 one h o rn is missing and in row 20/12 b o th horns are broken. O f course w hen the w aterm ark is in ­verted, these varieties ap p ea r in the diagonally opposite co rn ­er block or pair.

T h e perfo ra ting (gauge 14), was carried out on a single com b m achine, an d as the sheets were fed from the bottom edge, the bo ttom m arg in is im perforate an d the top one p e r­forated th rough . O n all b u t a very sm all quan tity of Id . sheets there was a single hole in the side m argins betw een the jubilee lines.

9

A relatively small n u m b er of sheets were fed in from the top m argin , w hich was therefore im perfora te while the bottom m argin was perforated through . They are listed as having “reversed perforation” and are only known in Plates 3, 4 and 5 of the Vid., the unnum bered plates of the Id ., and both plates of the 2d. value.

T hough on the whole the stam ps were well p rin ted , there are four types of defects which can be found on m ore th a n one value. T he first was caused by gum spilling on to the p rin ting surface of the p aper du ring m anufacture . O n soaking off used stam ps this gum dissolves, taking away w hat was p rin ted on it and leaving white spots and streaks in various patterns. These should not be confused with o ther m uch rare r white streaks and patches caused by p rin tin g on creased paper, or intrusive m atter. These appear on bo th unused and used stamps.

T he second defect was caused by p rin ting w ith a dry inking roller, resulting in a white outline to parts of the design, usually m ost p rom inen t in the value shields. T h ird are traces of double p rin ting caused by arch ing of the p ap er during printing.

All these, for obvious reasons, are no t listed. T he fourth defect can only be listed u n der each denom ination as “D eform ed letters due to inking”. It takes m any form s such as O r for OF; SO U IH for SO U TH ; A IRICA for AFRICA; A’ and ‘N ’ of VAN not joined, and m any others. These arose from over-inking or the solidifying of ink in the recesses of the p late during the p rin tin g process.

“SOU IH ” “ SOJTH ”

Prices for the stam ps in this series are per single, except where a p a ir or block is specified. Those given u n der controls are for a single stam p w ith the p late num ber on the m arg in above or below. Otherwise the price is for a horizontal pair with the p late num ber on the m arg in above or below the inner stam p. To arrive at the price of a control block, ad d a little m ore than the value of two extra singles, depend ing on the rarity or otherwise of the item.

T he “New M oon” variety is one on which the head is shifted so m uch th a t it actually touches or even overprints p a rt of the fram e design. Sheets w hich h ad tears were repaired by past­ing narrow strips of p ap er on the gum m ed side. In prin ting , the added pressure caused by the extra thickness of the paper

led to the p a rt of the design over the repa ir being darker. This is listed u n d e r “R epaired p a p e r’ in the denom ination in w hich it is known to have occurred.

2 C a.

K in g’s Head Vid. Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Plates 1 to 7T h e stam ps of this denom ination were produced from seven different 240 im age plates, each bearing an identifying n u m ­ber from 1 to 7, used in various com binations of two, m o u n t­ed side by side, to p rin t the large sheets of 480 units. These were divided and d istribu ted as 240 stam p sheets. Varieties can only be allocated to a p a rtic u la r p la te w hen they b ear the p la te n u m b er on an a ttach ed m arg in , or the p la te num ber is known.

SinglesM int Used

Vid. Shades of pale, yellow-, blue-and dark green 0,20 0,10

a. Dark mossy em erald green 125,00 100,00

C o n tr o ls M /UPair Single

Ca. Plate 1. N orm al perforationand wmk 100,00 80,00

Cb. Plate 2. N orm al perforationand wmk 300,00 200,00

Cc. Plate 3. N orm al perforationand wmk 50,00 30,00

Cd. Plate 3. Reversed perforation 150,00 60,00Ce. Plate 4. N orm al perforation

and wmk 50,00 30,00Cf. Plate 4. Reversed perforation 150,00 60,00Cg. Plate 4. Inverted w aterm ark 200,00 150,00Ch. Plate 5. N orm al perforation

and wmk 10,00 6,00Ci. Plate 5. Reversed perforation 30,00 15,00Cj- Plate 5. Inverted w aterm ark 30,00 15,00Ck. Plate 6. N orm al perforation

an d wmk 15,00 10,00

10

Cl. Plate 6. Inverted w aterm ark 60,00 30,00Cm. Plate 7. N orm al perforation

and wmk 20,00 10,00Cn. Plate 7. Inverted w aterm ark 350,00 250,00

VarietiesPlate

V I. Broken ‘U’ in SO U TH (SOJTH).Plate 1, row 2 /4 150,00

V2. Stages to alm ost solid ‘U ’ ofSO U TH . Plate 6, row 20 /3 15,00

V3. Crack th rough “RICA” of AFRICAto base of crown. P late 7, row 1/12 15,00

V4. Enlarged pearl to left of base ofcrown 15,00

V5. Vertical crack in left lower p a r t offram e 15,00

V6. Line runn ing to right from lowerp a rt of ear 15,00

V7. D eform ed letters due to inking 16,00

V15. Missing perforation hole — verticalpa ir 50,00

V16. A dditional perfo ration holes inbo ttom m arg in 20,00

V17. Reversed perforation — withm arg in from top or bo ttom 5,00

V18. Inverted w aterm ark — from sheet 5,00V19. Missing h o rn in w aterm ark 50,00V20. Broken horns in w aterm ark 25,00

*The bronze b an d occurred in the u p per h a lf of the stam ps of row 9 of only a few sheets. It is no t known how it was caused.

2 V12.Sim ilarly to the xhd. stam ps, those of the Id. value were also p rin ted from seven different 240 im age plates used in pairs in various com binations. T h e first two plates d id no t have im ­p rin ted num bers, no r any distinguishing features. T hus they have been allocated num bers in parentheses as follows: (1) for the left h an d h a lf of the 480 u n it sheet and (2) for the right h an d half. T h e corner pieces of the two sheets can only be identified by the position occupied by the “ + ” signs in the w aterm ark (described in the in troduction to this section).

These two plates were used again for the second p rin ting of the Id . stam ps after they h ad been m odified by the removal of a sm all square piece of the jubilee line u n de r the stam p im ­age, row 20/12 of P late (1) an d two sm all half-round pieces from the corresponding position of P late (2). T hus the b o t­tom rig h t-h an d corners of the sheets from the second p rin ting can be identified . T hey have been redesignated as (la) for the left-hand an d (2a) for the righ t-hand , and the control pieces are listed accordingly. It m ust be em phasised th a t only the

3 Ca.

GeneralV8. Stam p p a rt doubly p rin ted 10 000,00V9. Stam p partly p rin ted 150,00V10. P rin ted on gum m ed side 400,00V ll. Offset at back — com plete 50,00V12. R epaired paper 100,00V13. Bronze band* 150,00V14. Perforated th rough foldover 150,00

3 Cb.

3 Ce.

11

bottom righ t-hand pieces have these m arks. Those from the o ther corners can only be p laced by reference to the ir “+ ” symbols, as being from the left- or righ t-hand sheets, b u t not as from either the first or second printings.

Only a small quan tity of sheets can have been p rin ted from Plate (la) before it was replaced by Plate 3, as co rner pieces with “one n ick” are very m uch ra re r than those having the “two nicks”. Sim ilarly Plate 5 m ust have h ad a com paratively short life as these controls are scarcer.

Id. Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Plates (1), (la), (2), (2a), and 3 to 7

Single M int Used

3 Id. Red. Shades of rose, rose- red, carm ine-red, lake-carm ine and scarlet 0,20 0,10

Controls M /UPair Single

Ca. Plate (1). Bottom right corner w ith unbroken jubilee line — perf. no rm al or reversed 2000,00

Cb. Plate (la). Bottom right corner — cut in jubilee line — perf. no rm al or reversed 5000,00 2000,00

Cc. Plates (1) and (la). T he o ther three corners — perf. norm al or reversed 350,00

Cd. Plate (2). Bottom right corner — unbroken jubilee line — perf. no rm al or reversed 2000,00

Ce. Plate (2a). Bottom right corner — two nicks in jubilee line — perf. norm al or reversed 1500,00 750,00

Cf. Plates (2) and (2a). T he o ther three corners — perf. norm al or reversed 350,00

e g . Plate 3. N orm al perforation and wmk. 40,00 20,00

Ch. Plate 3. Inverted w aterm ark 80,00 40,00Ci. P late 4. N orm al perforation

and wmk. 60,00 45,00Cj. Plate 4. Inverted w aterm ark 500,00 350,00Ck. Plate 5. N orm al perforation

and wmk 150,00 100,00Cl. Plate 6. N orm al perforation

and wmk 15,00 10,00Cm. Plate 6. Inverted w aterm ark 100,00 60,00Cn. Plate 7. N orm al perforation

and wmk 20,00 10,00Co. Plate 7. Inverted w aterm ark 100,00 60,00

PlateVI. Long serif to “1” of Id. Plate 6, Row

5/1 10,00V2. M issing ‘EGEL’ of Postzegel. P late 6,

Row 20/1 25,00V3. W hite flaw on ‘EL’ of Postzegel.

Plates 6 & 7, Row 20/12 of later prin tings only 20,00

V4. Missing ‘O ’ in Postzegel, P late 7, Row18/9 15,00

V5. Large w hite do t in lower p a rt ofsecond ‘N ’ of U N IO N 15,00

V6. Deform ed letters due to inking 10,00

Varieties

3 V 9.

3 V12.

GeneralV7. P rin ted on gum m ed side. Plate 4 400,00V8. Offset a t back — com plete 100,00V9. Perforated th rou g h fold-over. Plates 6

and 7 250,00V10. Im perf. left side due to fold-over 500,00V ll. Missing perf. hole — vertical p a ir or

betw een stam p and vertical gu tte r 50,00V12. Missing perf. hole in m arg in betw een

jub ilee lines. Plates (2a), 3 and 4 250,00V13. A dditional perfo ration holes in bo ttom

m arg in 20,00V14. Reversed perforation — w ith m arg in

at top or bottom 50,00V15. No w aterm ark . Plates 6 an d 7 300,00V16. Inverted w aterm ark — from sheet 5,00

12

V17. Missing horn in w aterm ark 50,00V18. Broken horns in w aterm ark 25,00V19. Heavily over-inked stam p 40,00V20. R epaired paper 150,00

V/zd. Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties Plates 1 and 2Two plates, num bered 1 and 2, were used for the p rin tin g of this value in 480-unit sheets and they were issued in 240-unit sheets.

SinglesM int Used

1 'Ad. Chestnut. Shades to deepchestnut and reddish- andorange-brown 0,30 0,10

Controls M /UPair Single

Ca. Plate 1. U pright w aterm ark 15,00 10,00Cb. Plate 1. Inverted w aterm ark 400,00 300,00Cc. P late 2. U prigh t w aterm ark 20,00 15,00Cd. Plate 2. Inverted w aterm ark 250,00 150,00

VarietiesPlate

VI. Large white flaw in crown. No. 7 inrow 15,00

V2. D eform ed letters due to inking 15,00

GeneralV3. Prin ted on gum m ed side 400,00V4. Offset a t back — partia l 75,00V5. R epaired paper 125,00V6. Partly im perf. due to fold-over 400,00V I. Inverted w aterm ark — row of four 25,00V8. Missing horn in w aterm ark 70,00V9. Broken horns in w aterm ark 35,00

Note: T he tete-beche and “w aterm arksideways” varieties are listed in theBooklet section.

A lthough a large quan tity m ust have been p rin ted , only two plates num bered 1 and 2 were used to produce the 2d. stamps. Varieties caused by the stages of sm all cracks which developed in bo th plates are consequently m ore num erous in this than in the o ther values. T he crack th rough ‘d ’ of 2d. and ‘os’ of Postage in row 1/2 of Plate 1 is interesting. D ue to m odifications m ade in the jub ilee line from tim e to tim e, it is possible to identify no fewer than four d ifferent stages of p rin ting from top left corner m arg inal pairs. T hose w ith the flaw can also be found w ith reversed perforation.

Broken H orn W aterm ark

5 Cc.

2d. Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties Plates 1 and 2 Single

M int Used5 2d. Purple. Shades o f d u ll and

deep purple, rose-purple, brow n-lilac and plum 0,30 0,10

a. Dark plum 250,00 250,00

Controls M /UPair Single

Ca. Plate 1. Top left corner —w ithout variety an d w ithjubilee lines com plete. 50,00 —

Cb. Plate 1. Top left co rner —w ith variety and jub ilee lines com plete 50,00 30,00

Cc. P late 1. Top left co rner —w ith variety and punch m ark in jub ilee line above row 1/2 50,00 20,00

Cd. P late 1. Top left co rner —w ith variety, punch m ark and cu t in left p a r t of jub ilee line above row 1/1 25,00 —

Ce. Plate 1. O ther corners —n o rm al perfo ration an d w ater­m ark 20,00 10,00

Cf. Plate 1. Reversed perforation 40,00 20,00Cg. Plate 1. Inverted w aterm ark 50,00 25,00Ch. Plate 2. N orm al perforation

a n d wmk 35,00 20,00Ci. P late 2. Reversed perfo ration 75,00 50,00Cj. P late 2. Inverted w aterm ark 250,00 150,00

VarietiesPlate

VI. C rack th rough ‘d ’ of 2d. Plate 1 row1 / 2 10,00

V2. C rack from top of crown to tip offirst ‘A’ of AFRICA Row 1/7 20,00

13

20,00

20,0020,00

20,0015.0010.00

400.00100.00125.00350.00

75.00

20.00

10,00200.00

10,0070.0035.00

V3. Crack through left p a rt of fram e underlin ing ‘U N IO N O F’

V4. Crack through right p a rt of fram e downward to top of ‘U ’ (ZOID)

V5. Crack over ‘UID A FR I’ (ZOID)V6. Crack through left value tab le t. P late

2 row 20/1 V7. W hite dot in front of ‘2 ’. Row 5 /6 V8. D eform ed letters due to inking

GeneralV9. Prin ted on gum m ed side V10. Offset at back — complete*V ll. R epaired paper V12. Perforated th rough fold-over V13. Missing perf. hole — vertical pair V14. A dditional perforation holes in b o t­

tom m argin V15. Reversed perforation — w ith m argin

from top or bottom V16. No w aterm ark V17. Inverted w aterm ark — from sheet V18. Missing horn in w aterm ark V19. Broken horns in w aterm ark

* T here is a version of the offset which has parts of add itiona l images alm ost a t righ t angles to the norm al one.

2 'Ad. Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Head plate 1 - Frame plate (1)

Single M int Used

6 2 ’/2d. B lue and blue. Shades ofpale, bright and deep b lu e to ultram arine

ControlsCa. Co extensive jubilee lines Cb. Broken jubilee line Cc. Inverted w aterm ark

Varieties Plate

VI. Longer arm to ‘U ’ of ZUID. Row 2 /6 V2. Dot below ‘d ’ in left shield V3. D eform ed letters due to inking

1,00 0,50

M /U Pair Single

100,00 30,00

500,0015,00

300,00

15.0015.0015.00

GeneralV4. Shifted m edallion , “New M oon” 150,00V5. Inverted w aterm ark 40,00V6. M issing ho rn in w aterm ark 75,00V7. Broken horns in w aterm ark 50,00

3d. Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Headplate 1 - Frameplate (1)T h e same head and fram e plates used to prin t the 3d. value in black and orange were em ployed again for production in b lu e and blue.

SingleM int Used

7 3d. B lack and orange-red.Shades o f grey-black and d u llor yellow-orange 1,50 0,75

7A 3d. B lu e and blue. Shades ofbright b lu e to ultram arine.4 October 1922 1,00 0,50

a. B lu e and dark blue. 2,00 1,00

Controls M /UPair Single

7 Ca. Co-extensive jub ilee lines 200,00 -Cb. Broken jub ilee line 25,00 15,00Cc. Inverted w aterm ark 250,00 150,00

7A Cd. Broken jub ilee line 20,00 10,00Ce. Inverted w aterm ark 100,00 70,00

VarietiesPlate

7 VI. D eform ed letters due to inking 20,007A V2. D eform ed first ‘A’ of AFRICA -

la te r stages. Row 20 /7 25,00V3. D eform ed letters due to inking 20,00V4. Jubilee line missing from gutter.

Rows 5 and 16/7 75,00

General7 V5. Shifted m edallion “New M oon” 150,00

V6. Inverted w aterm ark 15,007A V7. Shifted m edallion “New M oon” 125,00

V8. Inverted w aterm ark 15,00V9. Offset a t back — complete* 150,00V10. Offset of fram e — com plete 200,00V ll. Missing h o rn in w aterm ark 100,00V12. Broken horns in w aterm ark 75,00

*T here is a version of the offset inwhich the im ages are no t up righ t.

14

4d. Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Headplate 1 - Frameplate (1)

8 4d. Orange and green. Shades oforange-yellow, to b u ff to red­dish b u ff and yellow-, olive and sage-green

ControlsCa. Co-extensive jubilee linesCb. Broken jubilee lineCc. Inverted w aterm ark

Varieties Plate

VI. D eform ed letters due to inking 15,00V2. Jubilee line missing from gutter. Rows

5 and 16/7 80,00

8 VS

9 V6

GeneralV3. Shifted m edallion , “New M oon” 150,00V4. Missing perf. hole - vertical p a ir 100,00V5. Inverted w aterm ark* 3,00V6. Offset at back — p artia l 400,00V7. Missing horn in w aterm ark 100,00V8. Broken horns in w aterm ark 75,00

*Inverted w aterm arks are very com ­m on in this value and the ir varieties are w orth little m ore than norm al.

6d. Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Headplate 1 - Frameplate (1)

Single M int Used

9 6d. B lack and V iolet. Shades ofgrey, black and m auve toreddish-violet 6,00 1,00

Single M int Used

2,00 1,00

M /U Pair S ingle

250,0025.00 15,0025.00 15,00

Controls M /UPair Single

Ca. Co-extensive jub ilee lines 400,00 -Cb. Broken jub ilee line 40,00 25,00Cc. Inverted w aterm ark 150,00 100,00

VarietiesPlate

VI. Partly m issing ‘Z’ in ZUID 25,00V2. ‘Z’ an d p a rt of fram e m issing 80,00V3. D eform ed letters due to inking 20,00V4. Jubilee line missing from gutter.

Rows 5 an d 16/7 80,00

GeneralV5. Shifted m edallion , “New M oon” 150,00V6. Offset of head — com plete 250,00V7. Inverted w aterm ark 15,00V8. Broken horns in w aterm ark 90,00V9. R epaired p ap er 250,00

1/- Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Plate 1

Single M int Used

10 1/- Orange. Shades o f yellow tobrownish-orange and b u ff 25,00 3,00

Controls M /UPair Single

Ca. U prigh t w aterm ark 100,00 60,00Cb. Top righ t corner p a ir w ith

w ider perfo ra tion g u tte r b e ­tween stam ps 11 an d 12 180,00 —

Cc. Inverted w aterm ark 125,00 70,00

VarietiesPlate

VI. D eform ed letters due to inking 50,00

10 V7

15

V2. Offset a t back — com plete 200,00V3. Missing perf. hole — vertical p a ir 300,00V4. Inverted w aterm ark* 25,00V5. Broken horns in w aterm ark 100,00V6. Missing horn in w aterm ark 100,00V7. W ide white streak th rough stam p,

and perforation out of line, th rough paper crease 400,00

V8. R epaired paper 250,00*Inverted w aterm arks are very com ­m on in this value and their varieties are w orth little m ore th a n norm al.

General

1/3 Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Plate 1 M int Used11 1/3 V iolet (Shades)

ControlsCa. U prigh t w aterm ark Cb. Inverted w aterm ark

35.00 25,00

M /U Pair Single

150.00 90,00500.00 350,00

VarietiesPlate

VI. W hite line in beard . Row 11/12 V2. Larger top curl to ‘3’ of value at

left. Row 20/1 V3. D eform ed letters due to inking

GeneralV4. Perforated th rough fold-overV5. Inverted w aterm arkV6. Broken horns in w aterm ark

100,00

100,0070,00

200,00100,00150,00

2/6 Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Headplate 1 - Frameplate (1)

M int Used 12 2 /6 Purple and green (Shades) 100,00 8,00

a. R eddish-purple and green (Shades) 100,00 8,00

ControlsCa. Co extensive jubilee lines Cb. Broken jubilee line

M /U Pair Single

1000,00300,00 200,00

PlateVI. D eform ed letters due to inking 150,00V2. Jubilee line missing from gutter. Rows

5 an d 16/7 300,00

Varieties

GeneralV3. Missing h o rn in w aterm ark V4. Broken horns in w aterm ark

300.00250.00

5/- Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Headplate 1 - Frameplate (1)

M int Used13 5 /- P urp le and blue. Shades

to ligh t b lu e 300,00 35,00a. R eddish-purple and ligh t

blu e 325,00 35,00

ControlsCa. Co extensive jub ilee lines Cb. Broken jub ilee line

M /U Pair Single

4500,00900,00 600,00

13 VI

VarietiesPlate

VI. “P urp le nose” Row 14/3 V2. M issing ‘U N I’ of U N IE V3. D eform ed letters due to inking V4. Jubilee line missing from gutter. Rows

5 and 16/7

GeneralV5. Shifted m edallion , “New M oon” V6. Inverted w aterm ark

500.00500.00400.00

750.00

600,003500,00

13 V2

16

10/- Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Headplate 1 - Frameplate (1)

14 10/- B lu e and olive-green.Shades to deep b lu e and yellow-green

M int Used

450,00 45,00

ControlsCa. Co-extensive jubilee lines Cb. Broken jubilee line

M /U Pair Single

3000.001750.00 900,00

PlateVI. W hite blob in top right of crown.

Row 1/11V2. D eform ed letters due to inking V3. Jubilee line missing from gutter. Rows

5 and 16/7

GeneralV4. Shifted m edallion “New M oon”

Varieties

14 V3

Varieties

600,00500,00

Rows1200,00

PlateVI. ‘GF’ for OF. Row 1/11 V2. Deform ed letters due to inking V3. lubilee line missing from gutter.

5 and 16/7

GeneralV4. Inverted w aterm ark 2 500,00V5. Offset a t back — p artia l 1500,00V6. Shifted m edallion — “New M oon” 1200,00

£1 Basic Stamps, Controls and Varieties, Headplate 1 - Frameplate (1)

M int Used15 £1 Green and red (Shades)

1916 1600,00 500,00a. Olive-green and red (1926) 1900,00 1800,00

Controls M /UPair Single

Ca. Green and red 4000,00 2500,00Cb. Olive green and red 5000,00 3000,00

2000,001800,00

3500.00

4000.00

17