Trapezius:Upper, Middle, and Lower

fibers

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group

Attachments:Proximal: Superior nuchal line on occipital bone (posterior skull) + C1-T12 vertebrae (spinous process)Distal:

Upper: lateral clavicleMiddle: acromion + spine of scapula Lower: base (medial end) of spine of scapula

Action: (scapular motion)U: UPWARD rotate, ADduct (retract), elevate M: ADduct (retract)L: UPWARD rotate, ADduct (retract), depress

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Cervical nerves + cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve)

Spinal segments:C1,2,3,4,5

Levator scapulae

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular groupAttachments:Proximal: upper cervical vertebrae (transverse process of C1-C4)Distal: medial boarder of scapula, superior to spine

Action: (scapular motion)Elevate, downward rotate

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Cervical nerves: 3,4 + dorsal scapular nerve: C5

Spinal segments: C3,4,5

Rhomboid minor

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group Attachments:Proximal: lower cervical vertebrae (spinous process of C7-T1)Distal: medial border of scapula, at base of spine

Action: (scapular motion)Elevate, ADduct (retract), downward rotate

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Dorsal scapular nerve: C5

Spinal segment: C5

Rhomboid major

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular Attachments:Proximal: upper thoracic vertebrae (spinous process of T2-T5)Distal: medial border of scapula, inferior to spine

Action: (scapular motion)Elevate, ADduct (retract), downward rotate

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin Dorsal scapular nerve: C5

Spinal segment:C5

Serratus anterior

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group

Attachments:Proximal: lateral surface of ribs 1-8Distal: medial border of scapula, entire length, on COASTAL surface

Actions: (scapular motion)UPWARD rotate, ABduct (protract) – prevents winging

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Long thoracic nerve: C5,6,7

Spinal segments: C5,6,7

Pectoralis minor

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group Attachments:Proximal: anterior surface of ribs 3-5Distal: coracoid process of scapula

Actions: (scapular motion)ABduct (protract), downward rotate, depress

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Lateral + medial pectoral nerves: C5,6,7 + C8, T1

Spinal segments: C7,C8

Pectoralis major: Clavicular head (upper fibers)

Sternal head (lower fibers)

Axio- Humeral groupAttachments:Proximal: Clavicular head (CL) – medial clavicle

sternal head (ST) – sternum (manubrium and body of sternum, plus the adjacent costal cartilages of ribs 2-6)

Distal: All fibers to LATERAL lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus (crest of the greater tubercle)

Actions:CL head: flex, ADduct, IR, H. AD the gleno-humeral joint ST head: extend (from 180), ADduct, IR, H. AD the gleno-humeral jointELEVATE TRUNK in closed kinematic chain with humerus stabilized (weight bearing on hands)

(ALSO: protract + depress shoulder girdle)

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:CL head = LATERAL pectoral nerve: C5,6,7 ST head = Lateral + Medial pectoral nerves: C5,6,7 + C8, T1

Spinal segments: CL head: C5,6,7 ST head: C6,7,8, T1

Latissimus dorsi

Axio-Humeral group

Attachments:Proximal: Vertebral column from T7 to sacrum + iliac crest (T7-T12 is directly from spinous process of vert., while L+S levels and iliac crest are via thoraco-lumbar fascia) Also, (small attachment to inferior tip of scapula)Distal: FLOOR of intertubercular groove of humerus

Actions: Extend, ADduct, IR, H. AB at gleno-humeral joint ELEVATE TRUNK in closed kinematic chain with humerus stabilized (weight bearing on hands) (ALSO: retract + depress shoulder girdle, and downward rotate scapula via small attachment to inferior tip of scapula)

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Thoracodorsal nerve: C6,7,8

Spinal segments: C6,7,8

SupraspinatusMuscle of the ROTATOR CUFF

“S---” of “SITS”

Scapulo-Humeral groupAttachments:Proximal: supraspinous fossa of scapulaDistal: greater tubercle of humerus, UPPER facet

Actions: ABduct at gleno-humeral joint (does NOT rotate) Also; supports head of humerus in glenoid fossa

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Suprascapular nerve: C5,6

Spinal segment: C5

InfraspinatusMuscle of the ROTATOR CUFF

“-I--” of “SITS”

Scapulo-Humeral groupAttachments:Proximal: infraspinous fossa of scapulaDistal: greater tubercle of humerus, MIDDLE facet

Actions: External rotation of gleno-humeral joint. Also; depress head of humerus (compress + stabilize the GH jt)

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Suprascapular nerve: C5,6

Spinal segments: C5,6

Teres minorMuscle of the ROTATOR CUFF

“- -T-” of “SITS”

Scapulo-Humeral groupAttachments:Proximal: lateral boarder of scapula at mid-length Distal: greater tubercle of humerus, LOWER facet

Actions: External rotation of gleno-humeral joint. Also; depress head of humerus (Compress + stabilize the GH jt).

PERIPHERAL NERVE+ spinal cord level of origin:Axillary nerve: C5,6

Spinal segments: C5,6

SubscapularisMuscle of the ROTATOR CUFF

“- - - S” of “SITS”

Scapulo-Humeral group

Attachments:Proximal: subscapular fossa of scapulaDistal: lesser tubercle of humerus

Actions: Internal rotation of gleno-humeral joint. Also, depress head of humerus

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Upper + lower subscapular nerves: C5,6

Spinal segments: C5,6

Deltoid: Anterior, Middle, and Posterior

fibers

Scapulo-Humeral groupAttachments:Proximal:

Anterior: lateral clavicleMiddle: acromion process of scapulaPosterior: spine of scapula

Distal: ALL to deltoid tuberosity of humerus(Compare this to gluteus medius arrangement, especially the actions)

Actions: A: ABduct, flex, IR and H. AD at GH jtM: ABduct GH jt P: ABduct, extend, ER, and H. AB at GH jt

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Axillary nerve: C5,6

Spinal segments: C5,6

Teres major

Scapulo-Humeral groupAttachments:Proximal: lateral boarder of scapula at inferior angle Distal: MEDIAL lip of intertubercular groove of humerus (crest of lesser tubercle)

Actions: Extend, ADduct, IR at GH jt

PERIPHERAL NERVE+ spinal cord level of origin:Lower subscapular nerve: C5,6

Spinal segment: C6

Coracobrachialis

Scapulo-Humeral group

Attachments:Proximal: coracoid process of scapulaDistal: mid-humerus, medial side

Actions: Flex, ADduct at GH jt

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Musculocutaneous nerve: C5,6,7

Spinal segments: C6,7

Biceps brachii: Long head, Short head

Scapulo-Forearm groupAttachments:Proximal:

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapulaShort head: coracoid process of scapula

Distal: BOTH heads; radial tuberosity + bicipital aponeurosis

Actions: Both heads: flex GH jt + flex elbow, supinate forearm

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Musculocutaneous nerve: C5,6,7

Spinal segments: C5,6

Triceps brachii:Long head, Lateral head, and

Medial head (deep)

Scapulo-Forearm groupAttachments:Proximal:

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapulaLateral head: posterior humerus, superior to radial groove Medial head (deep): posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove

Distal: ALL 3 heads; olecranon process of ulna

Actions:Long head: extend GH joint ALL 3 HEADS: extend elbow joint

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Radial nerve: C5-T1

Spinal segments: C7,C8

Anconeus

Scapulo-Forearm group

Attachments:Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerusDistal: olecranon process of ulna

Actions: Extend elbow joint

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Radial nerve: C5-T1

Spinal segments: C7,C8

Brachialis

Elbow: muscles of the brachium acting at the elbow

Attachments:Proximal: anterior distal shaft of humerusDistal: anterior proximal shaft of ulna (ulnar tuberosity)

Actions: Flex elbow

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin:Musculocutaneous nerve: C5,6,7

Spinal segments: C5,6

Brachioradialis

Elbow: muscles of the brachium acting at the elbow

Attachments:Proximal: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerusDistal: styloid process of distal radius

Actions: Flex elbow

PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Radial nerve: C5-T1

Spinal segments: C5,6