The new German government was forced to sign a peace settlement called the Treaty of _________________ . The treaty punished Germany militarily, territorially and financially.

People blamed the leaders of the new German republic for signing it. They were labelled the ‘____________________ ’ because they surrendered in November 1918 and were seen as _______________ to their country.

The terms of the Treaty of Versailles: Blame - Germany was forced to accept the blame for starting the war under article 231 of the treaty, known as the_________________________________.

The terms of the Treaty of Versailles: Reparations - This was the name given to the ___________ Germany had to pay for the damage suffered by Britain and France during the war. In 1922 the amount to be paid was set at £_____________.

The terms of the Treaty of Versailles: Armed Forces –Army limited to ____________, all planes destroyed and no air force allowed. Germany Navy limited to six battleships and no _______________.

The terms of the Treaty of Versailles: Territory - Germany lost 13% of it’s European ________________as well as 11 of its overseas ______________ (other countries under Germany’s control).

Why did the Germans resent the Treaty? – Germany had not ben allowed a part in the _____________– the Treaty was a ______________.

Why did the Germans resent the Treaty? – ‘War Guilt’ _________________ –Germany wasn’t the only country that started the First World War.

Why did the Germans resent the Treaty? – The huge _______________. Germanywas being punished. Harsh measures caused Germany’s economy to ______________.

Treaty of Versailles – Weimar Republic

traitors money 100,000

6.6 billion War Guilt Clause reparations

submarines territory November criminals

Versailles colonies negotiations

Article 231 collapse Diktat

In 1919, Anton Drexler formed the German Workers Party (DAP) in B__________. Hitler was sent on behalf of the army to r__________ on one of their meetings.

At this meeting Hitler made a powerful speech and he was invited to join the party. He was soon made responsible for p__________.

When Hitler spoke his main talking points were the disgust at the Treaty of Versailles, his hatred of W___________ and anti Communist-Jewish messages.

In February Hitler and Drexler wrote the Twenty-Five Point P_____________. This listed the party’s main ideas and the party then became known as NSDAP – Nazi.

People flocked to join the Nazi Party and the n___________ was started up. Hitler became leader in 1921.

As leader Hitler adopted the s_____________ as the emblem of the party and began using theone armedS________.

Political meetings in Munich (Bavaria) often generated violence. To protect Nazi speakers, a protection squad known as the S____ was set up.

Known as a B______________ the SA were the Nazi party’s private army. They would disrupt other party’s meetings

In the early 1920s the Nazi party was only a r___________ party but Hitler wanted to push to become a n____________ organisation.

The early growth of the Nazi Party, 1920-1923

SA swastika propaganda

Programme Weimar Brownshirts

salute Bavaria newspaper

report regional national

Munich Putsch - A failed attempt in November ________ by Hitler to overthrow the government of the W______________________.

Why? Hitler hoped to copy M____________________- the Italian fascist leader - who had come to power in Italy in 1922 by marching on R_________.

Why? The Weimar Republic was in crisis due toh_______________.

Why? By 1923, the Nazi party had ____________ members and was stronger than ever before.

Hitler and 3000 supporters marched on M______________ town centre to declare himself president of Germany. The group was met by state police. There was a short fight and s_______ SA members were killed. Hitler was arrested t______ days later.

Consequences: The Nazi party was b____________ and Hitler was prevented from speaking in public until __________.

Consequences: Hitler was tried for t_________________ (betraying his country) and sentenced to five years in prison.

Consequences: During his time in prison, he wrote ‘_________ ________’ . This book became a bestseller when published – it outlined his political ideas and his views on Jews.

Hitler realised that he would never come to power by r_______________ and that he would have use d________________ means, so he reorganised the party to enable it to take part in elections.

Munich Putsch and the aftermath – Nazi Germany

Mussolini two Rome

democratic banned sixteen

55,000 hyperinflation 1927

1923 high treason Weimar Republic

revolution Munich Mein Kampf

From 1923-1929, Germany’s economy showed signs of recovery although there were still problems.G________________________, the new chancellor, played an important role.

1923 – Stresemann introduced a new currency called theR______________ in November 1923. It helped to stabilise the currency and the Germany people showed confidence in it.

1924 – In August 1924, The R____________ was givencontrol of the Rentenmark and renamed it the R________________. It’s value was backed by gold which gradually restored the value of German money.

1924-1930 – US loans, particularly, the D__________ P_______- a plan designed to help Germany pay its reparations. Instalments were reduced to £_____________ a year. This greatly helped German industry.

1925 Locarno Pact – Germany agreed to new border with France. The Locarno Pact helped to improve relations with Britain and France. It guaranteed borders with B____________, France and I___________.

1925 – Stresemann negotiatedGermany’s entry into theL_________________________. This meant that Germany was recognised as a great power once again.

1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact –Germany was one of ___ countries that agreed to settle disputes p_______________. It helped other countries to trustGermany more.

1929 Young Plan – Reduced total reparations to £_______________ and payments could be made over a longer time. Lower reparations meant lower t________ for German people.

Germany was accepted by other countries, but German n_______________ hated the Dawes and Young Plans and were against having to pay r______________ at all.

Recovery 1923-29–Weimar Germany

Rentenmark nationalists Reichsbank

reparations Gustav Stresemann 2 million

Belgium 62 Dawes Plan

50 million Reichsmark peacefully

League of Nations taxes Italy

These years saw an improvement it the s______________ of living.

German workers saw an increase in r_______ wages. German workers were some of the best paid in Europe. Many middle class people did not benefit.

The government encouraged the building of more h___________. In the late 1920s more than t_____ million homes were built. Homelessness was reduced.

I___________ to support people when they became unemployed was developed and other changes helped single mothers and the disabled.

Women over 20 were allowed to vote. Women were deputies in the R__________ and were getting equal pay to men in some jobs. More women began to work outside the h_______.

Women also enjoyed more freedom. They went out unescorted, drank and s__________ in public.

A______ developed as artists during the Weimar period wanted to paint showing everyday life because they wanted to be #understood by o__________people.

It was a Golden Age of c_______. Literature and theatre also flourished.

The B__________ movement encouraged building in basic shapes and colours. The style of architecture was very different to before the war.

Changes in society 1924-1929

Insurance real two

ordinary home Bauhaus

Art standard smoked

Reichstag cinema housing

Weimar problems – the Weimar government was weak and had not solved the ________________ problems.

Weimar problems – the Weimar government refused to print more money for fear of creating an ________________ crisis like that of _______.

Weimar problems – the Weimar government cut __________________________which was unpopular.

Weimar problems – manyGermans were unhappy with the Weimar Republic. With no __________, and benefits cut, families suffered terrible ________________.

Rise of Nazis – The ____________________, led to mass unemployment which allowed the Nazis to get their message across.

Rise of Nazis – the uniformed SA (______________________) made the Nazis seem strong. The SA disrupted opposition from other ________________ parties.

Rise of Nazis – Hitler promised to restore __________and _____________.

Rise of Nazis – Hitler was popular and featured on their ______________, and travelled the country to make election _____________.

Rise of Nazis – Hitler appealed to all sectors of ________________ in one way or another – he promised the __________________________that he could give them work and food.

Growth in support 1929-32 – Weimar Germany

work depression inflation

order economic posters

1923 society Stormtroopers

speeches unemployment benefit law

political working classes poverty

In March 1933 a Dutch communist set fire to the_______________. Hitler used this opportunity to accuse the ________________ party of conspiracy against the government.

Hitler used the fire to persuade President __________________to pass an emergency law restricting personal liberty. This enabled him to imprison many communist leaders.

Hitler also persuaded Hindenburg to call an _____________ in order to secure more ___________seats.

The Nazi party managed to secure ______________ of theseats by using the emergency powers to prevent to communists from taking up their __________ seats.

This gave Hitler enough seats to change the constitution and pass the _____________ Act. This meant Hitler now had the power to issue new laws without consulting __________________.

The Enabling Act (The Law for removing the Distress of the People and the Reich) gave Hitler the power to issue emergency ________________ without the approval of President Hindenburg.

The Enabling Act stated that:1) The _________Cabinet

could pass new laws.2) The laws would overrule the

______________________.3) ______________would

propose the laws.

Hitler made the Nazis the only legal __________________ organisation in the country - no-one could now challenge the Nazis _______________-making opposition very dangerous.

What allowed Hitler to introduce new laws without the consent of the Reichstag?

⃝ Enabling Act

⃝ Reichstag Fire Law

⃝ Concordat

Reichstag Fire and the Enabling Act 1933 – Nazi Germany

Nazi Reich Communist

Hitler Reichstag 81

Enabling decrees political

legally two-thirds election

Hindenburg constitution Parliament

Hitler took a series of steps to secure the _______________in 1934.

Hitler felt _________________ by the leader of the SA ________________– he did not agree with Hitler’s policies.

The SA was much bigger thanthe _________________ and the army feared Röhm wanted to _________________ them.

Many of the SA were y angry at still being _______________, but they were loyal to Röhm.

On June 30, Hitler organised the ‘N_________ o__ t____ L_______ K___________ during which those who threatened to oppose the Nazi Party were ______________.

The leader of the SA Röhm and _________SA leaders were invited to a meeting – when the leaders arrived they were arrested by the SS and later shot.

_________________________was the only person senior to Hitler. In August 1934, he died. Within hours, a law was passed, merging the roles of ______________ and President to create new role of______________.

The day Hindenburg died, Hitler announced the army should swear an oath of allegiance to ___________, not to Germany.

What was the date o the Night of the Long Knives when Hitler eliminated the leadership of the SA?

⃝ 24 April 1934

⃝ 30 June 1934

⃝ 14 July 933

Hitler becomes Führer – Nazi Germany

Night of the Long Knives Chancellor threatened

Ernst Röhm 100 him

replace dictatorship President Hindenburg

Führer murdered unemployed

The Nazis used the SS, SD and the Gestapo to control everyone’s lives. Anyone the Nazis were suspicious of could _______________ at any time. They could be killed or taken to ________________________.

Hitler set up his own security forces as he realised not all the existing German police ________________ him. These forces were run by the Nazi party – their main weapon was_________.

SS (Protection Squad) – The ______________________ were set up and controlled by _______________. They controlled all of Germany’s police and security forces.

Gestapo – this was the Nazis’ secret police force. They wereled by ____________________. Its job was to monitor the German population for signs of opposition or ____________________ to Nazi rule.

SD (Security Service) - The __________________________ was the intelligence gathering agency of the SS. It was responsible for the ________________ of Hitler and other top Nazis.

Hitler also controlled the legal system so that meant it was very difficult for anyone to ________________ him. He did this by controlling ________________.

All judges had to belong to the National Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law. They also had to favour the Nazi Party in any ___________________.

Hitler also abolished trial by_____________ – only judges could decide whether someone was guilty or innocent.

He set up a People’s Court to hear all treason cases. Trials were held in ______________ and judges were hand-picked.

A Police State – Nazi Germany

Schutzstaffel secret oppose

decision disappear jury

fear Reynhard Heydrich Himmler

judges security supported

resistance concentration camps Sicherheitsdienst

The Nazis wanted total loyalty to Hitler and his____________. The churches were potentially a threat to his power and therefore Hitler needed to control the churches’ _________________.

Hitler worried that the _________________________would oppose him because Catholics were loyal to the ________________ and sent their children to Catholic faith schools.

In July 1933, Hitler agreed with the Pope in a _____________________ that Catholics were free to worship and run their own schools in return for staying out of ______________.

Hitler broke his promise by______________ Catholic youth organisations and sending some Catholic priests to _________________________.

In response to Hitler’s actions, the Pope issued ‘________________________’which criticised the Nazis.

The _________________was set up in 1933. It supported the Nazis and its members called themselves ________________________. Reich churches were well attended.

In 1934 some protestants, led by ____________________, broke away and set up the __________________________to secure more independence from Nazi control.

Hitler's ultimate aim was to gain complete control over the churches in Germany. Although the churches were initially willing to accept Hitler as a _____________________, some people were willing to stand up against Hitler’s _____________________.

In July 1933 Hitler signed an agreement called the Concordat with whom?

⃝ the Pope

⃝ The leaders of Protestant

Churches.

⃝ Reich Representation of

German Jews.

Policies towards the Churches – Nazi Germany

Martin Niemöller Pope German Christians

influence Concordat banning

politics government beliefs

With Burning Concern Catholic Church political leader

Reich Church Confessional Church concentration camps

The Nazis said women had a vital role for Germany but a different one from men – it was defined by the three Ks:

1)______________________

2) Küche (children)

3) _______________________

Nazi Policies for women: Many __________________women (doctors, lawyers and teachers) lost their jobs was first choice of jobs was given to ___________.

Nazi Policies for women: The 1933 Law for ________________________________________ lent couples money when they married ifthe wife left work. For each child they had they were let off paying back a quarter of the ___________.

Nazi Policies for women: The _______________________________________________medals given to women for having children (bronze for 4-5 children, silver for 6-7 children and gold for over 8).

How successful were Nazi policies?: The number of married women in employment _________ (1933-36) but then _________ again when male workers left for war.

How successful were Nazi policies?: The number of marriages and the birth rate __________________ – but this may have been due to the improving _________________ rather than Nazi policies.

How successful were Nazi policies? : ______________expected to stay at home and not drink or smoke. They were not expected to wear make-up or ________________ or dye their hair.

How successful were Nazi policies?: Women were amongst the most passionate supporters of Hitler, so his policies must have had some success. However, as the war went on Hitler was forced to invite women back into the work force to cover the jobs of men at war.

Women were not equal with men in Nazi Germany. They were expected to remain at ________ and raise ____________________. If they did work, the better jobs were closed to them.

Women in Nazi Germany

professional home men

increased Kirche (church) children

German Women’s Enterprise

loan fell

Kinder (children) Encouragement of Marriage

trousers

women economy rose

Hitler wanted to get people working. The unemployed were dangerous ____________________– if they were poor and hungry they might turn to other political parties for help.

How did Hitler increase employment? – National Labour Service –___________________ for all men aged 18-25 to serve for ________ months. The pay was low and the hours were long.

How did Hitler increase employment? – Rearmament–The Nazis wanted rebuild _________________ power. The Nazis provided jobs by building a stockpile of arms. This helped to reduce _______________________ and boosted the economy.

How did Hitler increase employment? – Job creation schemes – The Nazis reduced unemployment by putting money into large projects – for example building the ______________or_________________________.

Improved living conditions? YES – In 1933 there were ________________________ unemployed – this went down to 0.5 million ________.

Improved living conditions? YES – The KdF(_______________________)provided leisure activities and the SdA(_______________________) improved working conditions.

Improved living conditions? NO – _____________were sacked and their jobs given to non-Jews. _________________ were encouraged to give up their jobs to men.

Improved living conditions? NO – Although wages rose, so did _____________– became more expensive to buy things.

Improved living conditions? NO – Car ownership increased x3 in the 1930s, only high earners could afford _________. Low earners had to spend money on essentials.

Employment and Living Standards–Nazi Germany

1938 cars autobahn

politically compulsory six

Jews Strength through Joy Beauty of Labour

unemployment military prices

sports facilities women 4.8 million

From the age of 10 boys and girls were encouraged to join the Nazis’ youth organisation, the_________________. Membership was made compulsory in 1936 and by 1939 ____________ per cent of German boys were members.

Hitler Youth:Its aim was to prepare German boys to be future___________. Boys wore military-style uniforms. Activities centred on physical exercise and __________________, as well as political indoctrination.

The league of ______________: Its aim was to prepare German girls for future motherhood. Activities mainly centred on developing domestic skills such as sewing and_______________.

As well as influencing the beliefs of young Germans through the Hitler Youth, schools _________________ young people into the political and racial ideas of Nazism.

Children had to attend state school until they were ________. There were separate schools for girls and boys. The ___________________for girls and boys was very different.

It was _________________ for teachers to be Nazi Party members. Teachers’ camps taught them how to use Nazi ideas in their teaching.

Girls were taught ________________ skills, in order to prepare girls to be good __________and mothers.

Boys were taught Science and military skills, in order to turn boys into strong soldiers who would ___________ for Germany.

Traditional subjects were rewritten to include Nazi ideology. Biology lessons taught about ______________. Race study lessons looked at Aryan ideas and _________________.

Nazi Youth Organisations + Nazi Education

rifle practice wives 90

compulsory curriculum cooking

German Maidens 14 eugenics

fight Hitler Youth domestic

indoctrinated anti-Semitism soldiers

Hitler knew that unemployed people were dangerous _______________ as they might turn to other parties for help.

National Labour Service (RAD) was set up by the Weimar Government and continued by the Nazis. It was ______________ for all men aged 18-25 to serve 6 months on this scheme and were then ______________into the army.

The Nazis reduced __________________by putting money into large projects. These benefitted the ________________ and also reduced unemployment.

Hitler began a huge programmeof public works, which included building hospitals, schools, and public buildings such as the 1936 _____________________. The construction of the autobahns created work for ________men.

Another way the Nazis provided jobs was through building up their _________________ of arms, even though the __________________________had put a limit on this. This created millions of jobs for German workers.

Official government figures showed unemployment was falling but they did not include:* The _________________men in the army at this time. There were also a number of men working on public works schemes.

* Jews being forced out of jobs* Women who were encouraged to give up their jobs to___________.

How much had the Nazis reportedly reduced unemployment down to by 1939?

⃝ about 300,000

⃝ 6.1 million

⃝ 50,000

Policies to reduce unemployment – Nazi Germany

conscripted Economy 1.4 million

men 80,000

Olympic Stadium politically stockpile

compulsory

unemployment Treaty of Versailles

Hitler wanted to increase the number of ‘pure’ ___________Germans who were blonde and ________________ and could join the army or have children.

The Nazis persecuted what they called ‘_______________’ (sub-humans) - this included the Jews, homosexuals, gypsies and the __________________.

1933 – Nazis organised a ____________ of Jewish businesses. Race science lessons were introduced, teaching that ________ were sub-human.

1935 – The __________________ formalised anti-Semitism by stripping Jews of German ________________ and outlawing marriage between Jews and Germans.

1938 -___________________-9 November. The SS organised attacks on Jewish homes, businesses and ___________________ in retaliation for the assassination of the German ambassador to France by a Jew.

1939 – Jews were forbidden to own a business or even a ____________. Jewish children were forbidden to go to ___________.

In 1939 the T4 programme began where the Nazis killed the incurably ill and mentally ill /disabled people.

After 1933 many ____________were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Later they were banned from travelling and told they would be _________________.

Homosexuals were sent to _______________ or concentration camps and subjected to _________________________.

Which racial group in Germany was favoured as the ‘ideal’ by the Nazis?

⃝ Jews

⃝ Aryans

⃝ Gypsies

Racial beliefs and policies – Nazi Germany

Jews gypsies citizenship

deported Untermenschen school

boycott prison Aryan

blue-eyed Nuremberg Laws synagogues

Kristallnacht radio medical experiments

Reasons why Jews were persecuted: People were _______________ of their success – many Jews were professionals or owned__________________.

Reasons why Jews were persecuted: They were used as ________________ for Germany’s problems.

Reasons why Jews were persecuted: they were blamed for Germany’s defeat in __________________________and the _________________________.

Why did non-Jews allow the persecution: The ____________________ of Nazi ___________________propaganda.

Why did non-Jews allow the persecution: The fear of the _____________________and SS if they did speak out.

Why did non-Jews allow the persecution: there was a long-standing _________________of Jewish people – a common belief across Europe.

Types of persecution: Economic – Jews were not allowed to __________ land. In 1933, the SA organised a boycott of Jewish and in 1937 Jewish businesses were taken over by Aryans. Jews were blamed for ______________________ and were fined 1 billion marks.

Types of persecution: Social –Jews were banned from public places such as parks and swimming pools. They were forced to add ‘_________’ or ‘___________’ to their names to make them stand out.

Types of persecution: Open violence – During Kristallnacht, Jewish shops, homes, businesses and ____________________ were set on fire or vandalised, and Jews were openly __________________and killed.

Jewish Persecution – Nazi Germany

inherit synagogues Treaty of Versailles

influence jealous attacked

Gestapo distrust businesses

scapegoats World War One Israel

Kristallnacht Sarah anti-Semitic