Trends in India’s Rice production and Trends in India’s Rice production and productivity : SRI productivity : SRI vs vs Conventional method Conventional method

of rice cultivation - A statistical and of rice cultivation - A statistical and economic perspectiveeconomic perspective

S. Ravichandran R. Mahender Kumar M. Srinivas Prasad V. Ravindra Babu P. Muthuraman

Directorate of Rice ResearchHyderabad , India

Rice is Life – 44% of population depends on rice. We

need to produce 127 million tonnes by 2025 and 180

million tonnes by 2050.

Introduction

Rice scenario

Year on Year Yield ImprovementYear on Year Yield ImprovementYear Yield increase

(in kg)Year Yield increase

(in kg)

1966 - 67 1 1988 - 89 224

1967 - 68 169 1989 - 90 56

1968 - 69 44 1991 - 92 11

1970 - 71 50 1993 - 94 144

1971 - 72 18 1994 - 95 23

1973 - 74 81 1996 - 97 85

1975 - 76 190 1997 - 98 18

1977 - 78 219 1998 - 99 21

1978 - 79 20 1999 – 00 65

1980 - 81 262 2001 - 02 178

1983 - 84 226 2003 - 04 3331985 - 86 135 2005 - 06 118

Crop-wise water requirement

S.No. Name of the crop Water Requirement (mm)1 Rice 1240

2 Ragi 400-450

3 Bajra 400-550

4 Maize 400-450

5 Groundnut 550

6 Wheat 450-600

7 Cotton 650-850

8 Sunflower 350-500

9 Tobacco 300-400

• “Water is the Elixir of Life”.

Rice crop requires more waterRice crop requires more waterBy SRI, in 10% area, if we save 20,30 and 40% water, By SRI, in 10% area, if we save 20,30 and 40% water, 500,740 and 1000 million mm is saved. A huge 500,740 and 1000 million mm is saved. A huge amount of money saved.amount of money saved.That means, additional 0.4 mha rice can be grown or That means, additional 0.4 mha rice can be grown or 2-3 times of other cereals. 2-3 times of other cereals. Seed saving : 20 kg/haSeed saving : 20 kg/haFive times less hybrid seed is used – lower seed Five times less hybrid seed is used – lower seed requirement in SRI.requirement in SRI.Less chemical fertiliser in SRI.Less chemical fertiliser in SRI.No chemical control of pests and diseases.No chemical control of pests and diseases.More Yield in SRIMore Yield in SRI

SRI over Conventional

Cost of CultivationS.No. Activity

Cost in Conventional

RupeesSRI

1. Nursery Preparation 2110 681

2. Main Field preparation 2005 2005

3. Nutrient Management 7254 7254

4. Transplanting 2400 3200

5. Weed Management 3200 1520

6. Water Management 300 240

7. Plant Protection 660 660

8. Harvesting 3500 3500

Total 21,249 19,060

Cost of Cultivation (activity-wise)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000A

mo

un

t (i

n R

s.)

Activity

Cost of cultivation (activity-wise) in SRI vs Conventional rice cultivation

CON SRI

A1 : Nursery Preparation A2 : Main field preparationA3 : Nutrient Management A4 : TransplantingA5 : weed management A6 : Water ManagementA7 : Plant Protection A8 : Harvesting

S.No. Item SRI Conventional

1. Yield 7.1 t/ha 6.7 t/ha

2.Gross Return (per

ha)Rs.39050 Rs.36850

3. B:C ratio 2.04 : 1 1.73 : 1

SRI is beneficial to farmers. By converting, 10% SRI is beneficial to farmers. By converting, 10% area under SRI, saving of RS.43 million/seasonarea under SRI, saving of RS.43 million/season

Benefit AnalysisBenefit Analysis

Potential Yield Improvement under SRIPotential Yield Improvement under SRI

S.No.S.No.Area under Area under

SRI (%)SRI (%)

Yield Yield ImprovementImprovement

(%)(%)

Inc. in rice Inc. in rice production production

(million tons)(million tons)

1 10 10 0.31

2 10 20 0.62

3 20 10 3.47

4 20 20 6.94

5 30 10 7.80

6 30 20 15.60

7 40 10 13.87

8 40 20 27.73

SRI method is the solution for increase in rice

production and productivity.

Resources like water, seed, chemical ferilizers can be saved.

Increased production, productivity and benefit cost ration by adopting SRI.

Large scale adoption may be recommended by policy advisors to meet food security with lower resources.

Conclusions and RecommendationsConclusions and Recommendations

1.1. S.Ravichandran and P.Hemasankari (2006) “Water: The elixir of S.Ravichandran and P.Hemasankari (2006) “Water: The elixir of life”, Kisan World, December 2006.life”, Kisan World, December 2006.

2.2. Fausett, L. (1994). Fundamentals of Neural Networks,Fausett, L. (1994). Fundamentals of Neural Networks, New New York: Prentice Hall.York: Prentice Hall.

3.3. M.S.Swaminathan (2006) Report of sub-committee on more M.S.Swaminathan (2006) Report of sub-committee on more crop and income per drop of water.crop and income per drop of water.

4.4. International Rice Research Institute (2001) Annual reports, International Rice Research Institute (2001) Annual reports, 2000-01: Rice Research: the way forward, IRRI, Las Banos, 2000-01: Rice Research: the way forward, IRRI, Las Banos, Phillippines.Phillippines.

5.5. T.M.Thiyagarajan, H.Hengsdijk, and Brindaban (2005) T.M.Thiyagarajan, H.Hengsdijk, and Brindaban (2005) Transitions in agriculture for enhancing water productivity – Transitions in agriculture for enhancing water productivity – Proc.of an Int.symposium, TNAU, TNadu.Proc.of an Int.symposium, TNAU, TNadu.

References