Trends, Issues and Optionsin applying long term Biosecurity measures on production systems

and sector structure

O. Thieme AGAPFAO, Rome

Technical Meeting on HPAIRome, 27-29 June 2007

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What is On-Farm Biosecurity?• Security from transmission of infectious diseases,

parasites and pests to a production unit in which the infection has not yet occurred

– Bioexclusion • Application of health control measures to prevent introduction and

spread of new infectious agents into flocks

– Biocontainment• Preventing the spread of current and existing pathogen amongst

animal groups within a farm or the release from the farm

• Improving the Biosecurity level may involve both structural and behaviour changes

Biosecurity along the value chains

Production practices/socio cultural aspects Transport/Marketing Processing

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Factors influencing Biosecurity

Poultry Flock/House

- Day-old chicks from hatcheries- Birds from other sources - Other birds

- Litter (e.g. sawdust)- Feed- Water- Air (ventilation)- Medication

- Humans- Vehicles- Equipment

- Wild birds- Rodents- Insects- Dogs, Cats

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Risks factors• Density (farms, human population, poultry)• Farm practices• Poultry workers• Mixing of poultry species • Movement (human, vehicles, cages, etc.)• Interaction with wild birds

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Poultry sectors definitions• Sector 1: Industrial integrated system

• Sector 2: Large commercial poultry production system with moderate to high biosecurity

• Sector 3: Small to medium commercial poultry production system with low to minimal biosecurity

• Sector 4: Village or backyard production with minimal biosecurity

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Judging the Risk

• Sector 4

• Sector 3

• Sector 2

• Sector 1

Low

High

Risk of Spreading

Requirements and opportunities for

BiosecurityRisk of incursion Opportunities

for Control

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Good Biosecurity through managing the risks

• Structural Change– Change of production system driven by market

forces• Restructuring

– Change of the production system through external interventions• Incentives, Regulations

• Official control and enforcement • Training and awareness

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Country experiences• Biosecurity of small producers (Egypt, Vietnam, Cameroon,

Togo)

– No clear understanding of HPAI and its spread

– Limited or no changes of husbandry practices and biosecurity

– Difficulties for the veterinary services to reach the small producer

– Importance of training and awareness to reach the producer

– Restrictions for live bird markets have created difficulties for small producers and frictions.

– Need for building trust and good relationship between authorities and producers

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Case study - Poultry farms/Egypt 5-20,000

Capacity 5,000 Broiler

Capacity 20,000 Broiler

Workers behaviourContact with other flocks

Distance in between farms

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Mechanisation and Hygiene?

Quarantine?

Water sources?

Eggs handling?

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Backyard in Egypt – Poultry everywhere

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“Biocontainment?”

Disposal of Manure

Egg shells from hatcheries

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Country experience• Restructuring (Vietnam)

– Producers are willing to change and improve practices, but see many difficulties for implementation

– Organized industrial production requires private investors as the drivers of the process

– Structure of land ownership is a key constraint for relocation– Availability of credit for poultry production is limited– Consumer preferences for processed poultry products is

limited– Animal health services are not well prepared for restructuring– In the near future the chances of significantly reducing the

number of small producers are low

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Long Term Biosecurity Requires• Better match between production and

marketing practices and disease risks:– Deliberate Structural Changes– Restructuring

• Considering three main components:– Knowledge and practices of producers and

others who are part of the value chains– Setting standards and official control – Change of priorities and demand of consumers

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Recommendations• Need to better understand the value chains and risk

points• Define biosecurity requirements for different production

systems • Training and awareness campaigns for all sectors and

production systems• Official control and enforcement of good Biosecurity for

the larger poultry producer• Planning and implementation of restructuring only after

proper consultation• Consequences for the livelihood of smallholders should

be taken seriously into consideration and necessary means of compensation included in the interventions

Thank YouO. Thieme AGAPFAO, Rome Italy