TROPHIC LEVEL OF THE IZVORU MUNTELUI-BICAZ … · Oana Maria Darab. ă. chlorophyll-a ... according to the Government Decision H.G. no. 161/2006. Results and Discussion . In September

Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza” Iaşi, s. Biologie animală, Tom LIV, 2008

TROPHIC LEVEL OF THE IZVORU MUNTELUI-BICAZ RESERVOIR USING THE CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION AS INDICATOR, ACCORDING TO THE ROMANIAN STANDARD

S. R. ISO 10260/1997

Oana Maria DARABĂ “Al. I. Cuza” University Iaşi, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I 20A, 700505 Iaşi, Romania,

[email protected]

Abstract. The study of chlorophyll-a concentration in the Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz reservoir has been performed in the context of establishing the trophic state of dam lake using the monthly phytoplankton samples from September 2006-July 2007. Keywords: phytoplankton, chlorophyll-a, reservoir. Rezumat. Încadrarea nivelului trofic al lacului de acumulare Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz, utilizând ca indicator concentraţia clorofilei-a, conform Standardului Român S. R. ISO 10260/1997. Conceptul de clorofilă al apelor de suprafaţă reprezintă un indicator al stării lor trofice. Pornind de la acest aspect, în prezenta lucrare s-a evaluat, pe baza clorofilei-a, starea trofică a lacului de acumulare Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz. În perioada septembrie 2006 - iulie 2007 au fost prelevate probe de fitoplancton, cu frecvenţă lunară, din 10 secţiuni reprezentative pentru Lacul Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz. Pentru fiecare secţiune au fost filtrate probe de fitoplancton din zona fotică (suprafaţă, mijloc zonă fotică, limită zonă fotică), iar determinarea concentraţiei de clorofilă-a s-a efectuat în laborator utilizând metoda cu alcool 90%. Conform H.G. 161/2006, lacul de acumulare Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz se încadrează din punct de vedere trofic, după clorofila-a, în categoria oligo-mezotrofă. Cuvinte cheie: fitoplancton, clorofilă-a, lac de acumulare.

Introduction The chlorophyll is the essential photosynthetic pigment of green algae. The chlorophyll concept of surface water is an indicator of theirs trophic state. The chlorophyll determination gives information about the biomass and potential photosynthetic activity of algae. The most important metabolites of chlorophyll are pheophitin and pheophorbid, and the rapport of chlorophyll-a/pheopigments is an indicator of physiological state of algae. The chlorophyll-a is sensitive to light and oxygen, especially in the extraction moment. Recent determinations of chlorophyll-a were made by Gervais (2001) and, in România, by Cărăuş (2003). According to the study made by Cărăuş (1983), using the chlorophyll-a as indicator, the trophic state of the Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz reservoir belongs to the oligotrophic category.

Material and Methods The water samples (500 ml), from the 10 representative sites (Baraj, Amonte

Fermă, Platformă, Aval Fermă, Rugineşti Gulf, Buhalniţa Gulf, Hangu Gulf, Coadă Lac, Izvorul Alb Gulf, Secu Gulf), have been percolated through a membrane, in the period September 2006-July 2007, to separate and concentrate the vegetal plankton.

The filtration was realized in the sampling moment (Fig. 1) (Burian, 2002), with monthly frequency, from three depth profiles of photic zone (surface, middle, limit of the photic zone) from each sample site (S.R. ISO 5667/1, 1998; S.R. ISO 5667/2, 1998).

The pigments extraction from the filtrate residue in ethanol at 75ºC was followed by the chlorophyll spectrophotometer dosage of the extract. The calculation of the

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Oana Maria Darabă

chlorophyll-a concentration was established on the basis of the difference between the measured absorbent at 665 and 750 nm.

Figure 1. Chlorophyll-a sampling.

Using the same extractions, an extract fraction get acidify (from the 5 at 10 ml)

with 0.01 ml HCl, and after 5-30 minutes was measured again the absorbent at 665 and 750 nm (S.R. ISO 10260, 1997).

The trophic level of the Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz reservoir, using chlorophyll-a concentration as indicator, in the period September 2006-July 2007, was determined according to the Government Decision H.G. no. 161/2006.

Results and Discussion In September 2006 (Fig. 2), the higher value of chlorophyll-a concentration was

registered in Amonte Fermă surface site - 5.39 μg/l (Table 1), and the lower value of chlorophyll-a concentration was identically in 3 stations from the limit horizon: at Baraj site 1.24 μg/l, Rugineşti Gulf site 1.24 μg/l, and Buhalniţa Gulf site (Table 3). In October 2006, the values of chlorophyll-a concentration was almost the same (Fig. 3), the maximum in Amonte Fermă surface site 3.73 μg/l (Table 1), the minimum of 0.41 μg/l in Baraj limit, Rugineşti Gulf limit, and Hangu Gulf limit (Table 3). In November 2006, the maximum value of chlorophyll-a concentration, 3.31 μg/l (Table 1), was registered in Platformă surface site (Fig. 4) and the minimum value of chlorophyll-a concentration, 0.41 μg/l (Table 3), in the limit horizon of Baraj, Aval Fermă, Buhalniţa Gulf sites (Fig. 4). In December 2006 the maximum value, 3.73 μg/l, was registered in Izvorul Alb Gulf surface (Fig. 5), and the minimum value, 0.01 μg/l, in the Secu Gulf limit station (Fig. 5). From January 2007 to July 2007, the values of chlorophyll-a concentration were higher in almost all the stations and horizons (Figs. 6-12). The maximum value of chlorophyll-a concentration, 12.02 μg/l (Table 2), was registered in July 2007 in the Baraj middle site (Fig. 12) and the minimum value of chlorophyll a concentration. 0.41 μg/l, was registered in May 2007 in the Hangu Gulf surface site (Fig. 10), in April 2007 in the Secu Gulf surface site, Platformă middle and limit site, Rugineşti Gulf and Hangu Gulf limit sites (Fig. 9), in January 2007 in the Amonte Fermă middle site, Buhalniţa Gulf midlle site, Rugineşti Gulf and Buhalniţa Gulf limit sites (Fig. 8). In the Coadă Lac site due to the small depth, it was established only one horizon (Table 1).

We used, in the graphics and tables, the abbreviations for some sites: Amonte Fermă (AmF), Platformă (PLATF.), Aval Fermă (AvF), Izvorul Alb Gulf (IZV. ALB) and for horizons from photic zone: surface (S), middle (M), limit (L).


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BARAJ S

BARAJ M

BARAJ L

AmF S

AmF MAmF L

PLATF. S

PLATF. M

PLATF. L

AvF S

AvF M

AvF L

RUGINEŞ

TI S

RUGINEŞ

TI M

RUGINEŞ

TI L

BUHALNIŢA

S

BUHALNIŢA

M

BUHALNIŢA

L

HANGU S

HANGU M

HANGU L

COADA LAC S

IZV. AlB S

IZV. ALB

M

IZV. ALB

L

SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/)l

Figure 2. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (September 2006).

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AmF S

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PLATF. S

PLATF. M

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AvF S

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RUGINEŞ

TI S

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BUHALNIŢA

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HANGU S

HANGU M

HANGU L

COADA LAC S

IZV. AlB S

IZV. ALB

M

IZV. ALB

L

SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" µ

g/l

Figure 3. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (October 2006).

Oana Maria Darabă

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AmF S

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RUGINEŞ

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HANGU S

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COADA LAC S

IZV. AlB S

IZV. ALB

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IZV. ALB

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SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/)l

Figure 4. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (November 2006).

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BARAJ S

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AmF S

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PLATF. S

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AvF S

AvF M

AvF L

RUGINEŞ

TI S

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HANGU S

HANGU M

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COADA LAC S

IZV. AlB S

IZV. ALB

M

IZV. ALB

L

SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/l)

Figure 5 Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (December 2006).


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AmF S

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RUGINEŞ

TI S

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HANGU M

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COADA LAC S

IZV. AlB S

IZV. ALB

M

IZV. ALB

L

SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/l)

Figure 6. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (January 2007).

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BARAJ S

BARAJ M

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AmF S

AmF MAmF L

PLATF. S

PLATF. M

PLATF. L

AvF S

AvF M

AvF L

RUGINEŞ

TI S

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TI M

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COADA LAC S

IZV. AlB S

IZV. ALB

M

IZV. ALB

L

SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/l)

Figure 7. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (February 2007).

Oana Maria Darabă

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AmF S

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IZV. ALB

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IZV. ALB

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SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/l)

Figure 8. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (March 2007).

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BARAJ S

BARAJ M

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AmF S

AmF MAmF L

PLATF. S

PLATF. M

PLATF. L

AvF S

AvF M

AvF L

RUGINEŞ

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IZV. AlB S

IZV. ALB

M

IZV. ALB

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SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/)l

Figure 9. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (April 2007).


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IZV. AlB S

IZV. ALB

M

IZV. ALB

L

SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/)l

Figure 10. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (May 2007).

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BARAJ S

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IZV. ALB

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IZV. ALB

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SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/)l

Figure 11. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (June 2007).

Oana Maria Darabă

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BARAJ S

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AvF M

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IZV. AlB S

IZV. ALB

M

IZV. ALB

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SECU S

SECU M

SECU L

chlo

roph

yll "

a" (µ

g/)l

Figure 12. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake (July 2007).

Table 1. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake, surface horizon (September 2006-July 2007).

SURFACE Sep.06 Oct.06 Nov.06 Dec.06 Jan.07 Feb.07 Mar.07 Apr.07 May07 Jun.07 Jul.07

BARAJ 4.5610 2.4878 1.6585 1.2439 2.4878 1.2439 5.3902 2.9024 3.3171 5.8049 4.9756

AmF 5.3902 3.7317 2.9024 2.0731 1.6585 8.7073 5.8049 1.6585 5.8049 10.3659 5.8049

PLATFORMĂ 4.5610 2.4878 3.3171 3.3172 11.6098 10.7805 3.3171 1.6585 1.6585 8.7073 8.7073

AvF 1.2439 2.0732 2.0732 2.0731 2.0732 2.4878 4.1463 1.6585 5.8049 7.4634 5.4560

RUGINEŞTI 2.9024 0.4146 2.0732 2.9024 2.0732 2.4878 1.2439 0.8293 6.4268 8.7073 6.6341

BUHALNIŢA 3.3171 2.0732 2.0732 1.6585 1.6585 0.8293 2.9024 2.4878 1.2439 6.2195 5.3902

HANGU 5.3902 2.4878 3.3171 2.9024 2.0732 1.6585 1.6585 2.0732 0.4146 4.5610 5.8049

COADA LAC 4.1463 2.0732 2.4878 3.3176 3.7317 3.3171 1.6585 4.9756 8.2927 9.5366 8.7073

IZV. ALB 3.7317 1.2439 2.9024 3.7317 4.9756 1.2439 2.4878 6.2195 3.3171 4.5610 7.0488

SECU 2.9024 2.9024 2.9024 0.4146 2.4878 3.3171 1.6585 0.4146 2.4878 6.2195 4.9756

Conclusions The chlorophyll-a concentrations (μg/l) were higher in all sites, from the surface

horizon of water. According to the Government Decision H.G no. 161/2006, using the chlorophyll-

a as indicator (3.05 μg/l), the Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz reservoir state belongs to the oligo-mesotrophic category.


Table 2. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake, middle horizon (September 2006-July 2007).

MIDDLE Sep.06 Oct.06 Nov.06 Dec.06 Jan.07 Feb.07 Mar.07 Apr.07 May07 Jun.07 Jul.07

BARAJ 2.9024 1.2439 0.8293 0.8292 0.8293 4.5610 9.1220 2.4878 1.6585 8.7073 12.0244

AmF 2.0732 2.0732 1.2439 1.2439 0.4146 5.3902 5.8049 2.0732 2.0732 8.7073 3.3171

PLATFORMĂ 3.7317 1.6585 2.4878 2.4878 4.1463 3.3171 1.6585 0.4146 2.0732 13.6829 6.6341

AvF 2.4878 1.2439 1.6585 2.4878 1.2439 2.4878 3.3171 0.8293 2.4878 6.2195 6.6341

RUGINEŞTI 4.9756 0.8293 1.6585 1.6585 2.0732 6.6341 1.6585 1.2439 2.9024 5.3902 2.9024

BUHALNIŢA 2.4878 2.9024 1.6585 2.0731 0.4146 2.9024 0.8293 2.9024 2.0732 2.4878 4.1463

HANGU 3.7317 1.6585 1.6585 2.4878 2.9024 2.0732 2.4878 0.8293 1.2439 10.7805 7.4634

IZV. ALB 2.4878 2.0732 1.2439 0.4146 5.3902 3.3171 1.2439 5.3902 5.8049 6.2195 8.2927

SECU 2.0732 1.6585 2.4878 0.8292 2.4878 2.4878 2.9024 1.2439 4.9756 5.3902 6.2195

Table 3. Chlorophyll-a concentration (μg/l) from Izvoru Muntelui – Bicaz Lake, limit horizon (September 2006-July 2007).

LIMIT Sep.06 Oct.06 Nov.06 Dec.06 Jan.07 Feb.07 Mar.07 Apr.07 May07 Jun.07 Jul.07BARAJ 1.2439 0.4146 0.4146 0.4146 1.6585 1.6585 3.7317 1.6585 4.1463 2.9024 3.3171

AmF 1.6585 0.4146 0.8293 0.8292 1.6585 4.9756 4.1463 4.1463 3.7317 6.6341 3.7317 PLATFORMĂ 2.4878 0.8293 0.8293 0.8292 4.9756 9.5366 2.9024 0.4146 4.5610 4.1463 3.3171

AvF 2.0732 1.6585 0.4146 1.2439 0.8293 1.2439 1.2439 1.6585 3.3171 4.5610 9.5366 RUGINEŞTI 1.2439 0.4146 0.8293 2.9024 0.4146 2.9024 2.4878 0.4146 4.5610 4.9756 3.7317

BUHALNIŢA 1.2439 1.6585 0.4146 0.4146 0.4146 2.0732 2.0732 1.2439 4.5610 5.8049 6.2195 HANGU 2.9024 0.4146 0.8293 0.8292 3.3171 1.6585 2.0732 0.4146 1.6585 4.9756 4.1707

IZV. ALB 3.7317 1.6585 1.6585 0.8292 3.3171 2.9024 1.2439 1.6585 1.6585 2.4878 2.0732 SECU 1.5683 0.4976 1.2439 0.0126 2.9024 2.4878 3.3171 2.4878 4.5610 2.4878 7.8780

Acknowledgements I am grateful to Professor Vlad Artenie for his assistance in analysing of the

samples in laboratory. To the Professor Ionel Miron, I appreciate the helpful criticism of this study and for stimulating discussions. Thanks to my colleagues for their help in sampling activities.

References Burian, P.V., 2002. Lacul de acumulare. Supraveghere biologică. Editura University Press, Târgu Mureş: 159-

160. Cărăuş, I., 1983. Fitoplanctonul. Lacul de Acumulare Izvoru Muntelui-Bicaz. Monografie limnologică, Editura

Academiei R.S.R.: 111-123. Cărăuş, I., 2003. Producţia primară – Determinarea conţinutului de clorofilă “a”. Producţia şi productivitatea

ecosistemelor acvatice. Editura “Ioan Borcea”, Bacău: 99-102. Gervais, F., 2001. Fine-scale analysis of a deep chlorophyll maximum. Proceedings of International associations

of theoretical and applied limnology. Stuttgart, 27 (4): 932 - 935. Standard Român S.R. ISO 5667/1, 1998. Calitatea apei. Prelevarea - Partea 1. Ghid general pentru stabilirea

programelor de prelevare. Standard Român S.R. ISO 5667/2, 1998. Calitatea apei. Prelevarea - Partea 2. Ghid general pentru tehnici de

prelevare. Standard Român S.R. ISO 10260, 1997. Calitatea apei. Măsurarea parametrilor biochimici. Determinarea

spectrometrică a conţinutului de clorofilă a.

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TROPHIC LEVEL OF THE IZVORU MUNTELUI-BICAZ … · Oana Maria Darab. ă. chlorophyll-a ... according to the Government Decision H.G. no. 161/2006. Results and Discussion . In September