Kashmir and North East

Troubled Borders

Kashmir: Two Different Perspectives

Kashmir’s Disputed Accession to India in 1947 Heterogeneity of the Landscape Postponed War and Actual Line of Control 1 January 1948 Indian appeal to United Nations In March 1948 Sheikh Abdullah was appointed the

Premier of the Jammu and Kashmir Region Land Reforms and the End of Dogra Rajput

Domination ( 40,000 acres of land redistributed, absentee landlordism prohibited, increase in the share of the tenants, and moratorium on debts)

Nehru’s triumphant Visit to Kashmir in 1949 Article 370 as the guarantee of future status of

Kashmir

Unraveling of the Alliance End of the proposal for Plebiscite Abdullah favoring Independence of Kashmir Difference between Jammu and Kashmir First Election of Jammu and Kashmir and National Conference won all 75 seats due

to boycott by Jammu Praja Parishad a Hindu Organization Abdullah Demanding special status for Kashmir within India with separate flag,

and the head of the government being called Prime Minister Hindu protests against National Conference and Abdullah in Jammu Delhi Accord of 1952 Jammu Agitation continued Shamya Prasad Mukherjee a Bharatya Jansangh Leader extended support to them

and challenged Nehru to go into war with Pakistan April 1953meeting between Adlai Stevenson and Sheikh Abdullah Death of Shyama Parasad Mukherjee in Kashmir Jail on 22 June 1953 under heart

attack Popular outcry against Abdullah among Hindus and the Idea of Independence

mooted by Sheikh Abdullah Coup within National Conference when Bakshi Gulam Mohammad another

National Conference leader revolted against Sheikh and was appointed Prime Minister of the State in August 1953

Shiekh Abdullah was arrested in 1953

Final Push for Peace

Indian Diplomacy and Patronage Distribution Regime of Bakshi 27 December 1963 Hazaratbal Incident and Sastri’s solution of the

Problem Appointment of G. M. Sadiq as the Chief Minister India Pakistan Talk (Swaran Sing and Z. A. Bhutto) in 1962 and 63 Abdullah’s Release in 1958 and his arrest again by Kashmiri Authorities Nehru’s Guilt and the release of Abdullah on 8 April 1964 Opposition to Kashmir’s Independence among Congressmen 29 April 1964 Sheikh Abdullah reached Delhi for a talk New Formula for peace evolved by Raja Gopalacharya and Nehru and

Ayub Khan President of Pakistan was approached Abdullah left for Pakistan on 24 May 1964 and met with the President of

Pakistan and 26 th May it was announced that there would be a meeting between President Ayub Khan, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru with Shiekh being present in the meeting

27 th May Nehru the final supporter of peace passed away and with him died the prospect for lasting peace between India and Pakistan

New Geo-Political significance of Kashmir

North East of India

Colonial Assam and India ‘Tribal Polity’ and the Indian State Geo-Political Significance of North East Naga Rebellion and Troubled Border Crisis in Mizoram Growing Tension in Assam Between

Bengalis and Assamese Integration of Arunachal Pradesh Can India and its Experiment with

Democracy Survive?