TRT-Workshop - Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE · RO Magurele near Bucharest, ELI-NP 1080 125 135000 2015 FI Sipoo, SOK Logistics Centre 300 300 90000 2012/2016 CH Zurich, ETH-Campus Hönggerberg

Market for TRT and

GSHP in Europe

TRT-Workshop Prague, 15.3.2017

Burkhard Sanner, Giessen, Germany

15.3.2017 Burkhard Sanner

Market GSHP in Europe

The market for heat pumps was stable throughout Europe in 2015,

with some winners and losers (only few 2016 numbers available yet).

One loser for several years, Germany, could regain a foothold in 2016:



The share of GSHP in the total heat pump market stabilised in 2016

in Germany, just above 30%.



After data from EGC 2016 country update reports



After data from Eurobser´ER



Comparison of total number installed for 2015



Comparison of number installed new in 2015



Comparison of total number installed for 2015



Comparison of number installed new in 2015



The number of large BHE installation >10 km total borehole length

increased to 171 in 2016, including 24 plants >30km.

The cumulated BHE length of these 171 plants surpassed 3400 km

in 2016.

The TOP 10 plants are:

Country City, Name No. BHE Depth BHE (m) Total BHE (m) Year

RO Magurele near Bucharest, ELI-NP 1080 125 135000 2015

FI Sipoo, SOK Logistics Centre 300 300 90000 2012/2016

CH Zurich, ETH-Campus Hönggerberg 435 200 87000 2014-16

CH Rotkreuz, Suurstoffi 2 193 280 54040 2015

FI Espoo, Lippulaiva shopping centre 148 350 51800 under construction

CH Wallisellen, Richti-Areal 220 225 49500 2012

SE Karlstad, Campus Karlstad 204 240 48240 2014

NO Lørenskog, Nye Ahus hospital 228 200 45600

CH Zurich, Neues Wohnquartier Freilager 205 220 45100 2013/14

CH Zurich, FGZ Friesenberg, BHE-field Grünmatt 179 250 44750 2015


Market TRT in Europe

TRT rigs in Europe. based on data sheets on IEA ECES Annex 21 website

and some additions (status ca 2010)

Total entities: 43

7 research institutes or

geological surveys

6 universities

30 private companies



Uptake of TRT technology in Europe:

Number of institutions or companies with own TRT equipment (cumulative),

based on data sheets on IEA ECES Annex 21 website and some additions



Total numbers of TRT performed in Europe (based on data sheets on

IEA ECES Annex 21 website) and some additions, with some GSHP

sales numbers for 2010 from EurObserv´ER (2011)

On average 37

tests per rig



The first mobile “TRT” used in practice ?

A German company was installing coaxial

BHE around 1980:

• It was already understood that the

geology on site had an influence on

BHE performance

• A mobile device (with heat pump) was

used to test the “capacity” of the BHE

• It is not known how many BHE were

installed and tested around 1980 by

that company

• In the wake of the market crash for

heat pumps in Germany in 1981-82

this technique was forgotten

Photo from WTA brochure, 1981

Calibration / Validation of TRT

TRT-Workshop Prague, 15.3.2017

Burkhard Sanner, Giessen, Germany



The first question was if TRT results are reproducible at all.

To this end, tests were done in Sweden (Gehlin, 1998) at non-grouted

boreholes, showing that rb is decreasing with thermal load (convection).

In IEA ECES Annex 13, a comparison of tests on one site with 3 rigs was

organized in Mol, Belgium, in spring 2000.

What do we understand as “Calibration” and “Validation”?

• Validation: Showing that a method is able to correctly determine values

obtained by another, proven method. This could be done in one instance,

but better several times in different circumstances.

• Calibration: Trimming a tool, sensor or numerical model so it does

reproduce readings obtained by proven methods.

Calibration in TRT could be done on several levels:

- individual sensors, heat load, etc.

- “Calibrating” the whole TRT-rig

• Validation and calibration could be done against benchmarks, but there

should be different benchmark values to detect systemic errors



UBeG did first commercial TRT in Germany in 1999 and compared that with

data from the same site in 2000:



In IEA ECES Annex 13, a comparison of tests on one site with 3 rigs was

organized in Mol, Belgium, in spring 2000:



In 2003, UBeG did two tests in very close distance:

From that time on, many multiple test have been done on large BHE

development sites, proving the reproducibility of TRT results in general.

Questions remain:

• What accuracy can be achieved, and what is useful in practical terms?

• How can we detect systemic errors?

• What influence has the evaluation method on the result?

Location Mainz, Germany, tests by UBeG in summer 2003

Mainz 1 30 m standard λ = 1.43 W/(m·K) rb = 0.16 K/(W·m)

Mainz 2 30 m standard λ = 1.41 W/(m·K) rb = 0.20 K/(W·m)



Test of evaluation method

by UBeG:

Evaluation of test data from

5 TRT with instable thermal

load by parameter estimation

using line-source super-

position and FEM

The average deviation

between the methods

was 3.1 %, with a

maximum of 4.8 %

Another comparison of

21 TRT with stable thermal

loads resulted in a deviation

of 2.7 % in average between

standard line-source appro-

ximation and superposition



Scale effects ? – results from inverse modelling of a BTES

(from presentation Søren Erbs Poulsen, Karl Woldum Tordrup and Henrik Bjørn at

EGC 2016)

Depth-integrated FEM-based λ = 1.72 W/m/K

TRT-based λ = 1.42 W/m/K

Graph and table from

Poulsen et al., 2016)



Shallow Geothermal

on a Liechtenstein

stamp of 2010

Thank you for your attention!

Documents

TRT-Workshop - Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE · RO Magurele near Bucharest, ELI-NP 1080 125 135000 2015 FI Sipoo, SOK Logistics Centre 300 300 90000 2012/2016 CH Zurich, ETH-Campus Hönggerberg