Tourism Sectors

Tourism SectorsPart II

RailwaysConsidered one of the earliest modes of transportation. Serves as one of the major transport services in many countries. Includes: India, Japan, China and South Korea.Widespread in European countries

RailwaysTo date, this mode of transportation still attracts travelers as they continue to offer :ComfortReasonable fares and; Less travel time

European Railway SystemEurope is home to one of the most extensive railway systems. The main international trains operating in Europe are:InterCityExpress(Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Denmark, Switzerland and Austria)Thalys(France, Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands)Enterprise(Republic of Ireland & Northern Ireland/UK)Eurostar(Great Britain, France, Belgium)EuroCity(conventional trains operated by nearly all Western and Central European operators, with the notable exception of the United Kingdom and Ireland)TGV(France, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg)Oresundtrain(Denmark, Sweden)SJ 2000(Sweden, Denmark)

The EurailThe Eurail also known as the EurorailOne of the most exstensive railway systems in the world. Its major product, offers rail passes for train travel all across EuropeThe Eurail passes (Eurorail Passes)A passenger has largely unlimited ability to travel on nearly all European railroads and some shipping lines at a fixed price per day of travel or travel within a certain number of days.

The EurailCovers 21 European Countries:

AustriaBelgiumCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLuxembourgThe NetherlandsNorwayPortugalRomaniaSloveniaSpain Sweden Switzerland

The Eurail PassesTypes Global Pass: The Eurail Global Pass lets you visit 23 countries throughout Europe, and see them in any order you like.Select Pass: Gives you flexibility to plan your trip, and also comes with the most options. Can choose from 3, 4 or 5 bordering countries and 5 up to 15 travel days.

The Eurail PassesRegional Pass: Combine two bordering countries. Offer the ability to concentrate your European adventure within a specific region.One Country Pass: The Eurail One Country Pass is for if you want to spend your time exploring one country or area.Valid for one month, and the number of travel days available varies per country.

The Eurail PassesUnfortunately this service not available for everyone.Not available for residents of Europe, the UK, Morocco, Turkey, or any of the countries of the former Soviet Union. If you are a citizen of any of these countries, but are a resident of the United States, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America or Canada, Eurorail are able to sell the rail pass or tickets to you. Passes are based on residency not citizenship, and the country of your residence will be printed on the rail pass as well as the names on the pass and on the passport have to match.

Undersea Railway TunnelsLinks two countries or areas that are separated by bodies of water through an undersea tunnel.

Undersea Railway TunnelsThe Channel TunnelAka Chunnel; Euro tunnelConnects France and Britain Stretches around 49.89 kmsThe Longest Tunnel underneath the sea.Consists of three tunnels. The first 2 tubes serve rail traffic. The third is an emergency escape route.

Undersea Railway TunnelsThe Seikan TunnelLocated in JapanThe longest seabed tunnel in the world.Passes by the Tsugaru strait to the Honshu and Hokkaido islands

Motor CoachesThe bus is the most reasonable and practical mode of transportation.Dominated by two major players:Trailways Transportation SystemsGreyhound lines

Motor CoachesTrailways Transportation SystemsComposed of 80 small independent motor coaches that have merged to provide competitive markets.Operates over 2,000 luxury-styled motor coaches serving more than 1,00 destinations throughout north America and parts of Europe.

Motor CoachesGreyhound LinesFounded in 1914The largest provider of intercity bus transportation serving more than 2,000 destinations across north America.They also operate with independent buslines to provide links from small towns to the national routes of the country.

Railways and Motor Coaches:An examination of the Philippine Setting

HistoryJune 25, 1875, a general plan to establish the railroad line in Luzon was declared by King Alfonso XII of Spain. November 24, 1982: First 195km railway line from manila to Dagupan was opened. This was extended to reach Legaspi in the south and La Union in the north in 1940.

HistoryJune 20, 1946: RA 4156, a new charter that renamed the Railway system to the Philippine National Railways (PNR).The Strong Republic Transit System was born. Aims to provide an integrated mass transit system.The mass transit trains of the Philippines were created through E.O. 603, as amended by E.O. 830.

HistoryThe creation of the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) aimed to create fast and efficient mas transit for the growing population in the Philippines.

The Train lines in the PhilippinesComposed of five (5) existing lines

Old NameNew NameLRT Line 1/ MetrorailYellow LineMRT Line 2/ MegatrenPurple LineMRT Line 3/ MetrostarBlue LinePNR NorthrailGreen LinePNR SouthrailOrange Line

The Train lines in the PhilippinesAnd three (3) proposed extensions and lines

NameRoutesMRT-7 13-station, 21-kilometer line that starting inQuezon Cityand traverses Commonwealth Avenue, passing throughCaloocan City and ends in San Jose del Monte, BulacanMRT-8/ East Rail Line48-kilometer (30mi) line crossing through Metro Manila and the provinces ofLagunaand Rizal. begin inSta, Mesa, Manilaand end inAngono, RizalUP Diliman MonorailVicinity of the University of the Philippines. 500- Meter Line starting from Philcoa and ands in the UP-Ayala Technohub

Rail Lines in the PhilippinesLRT Line 1/ Yellow LineBuilt in 1984.A 15 kilometer elevated railway from Monumento to Baclaran.The First LRT system in Southeast Asia.

Rail Lines in the PhilippinesMRT Line 2/ Purple LineA 13.8 kilometer elevated railway from Santolan Pasig to RectoThe First fully automated Light rail system in the Philippines. And one of the latest of its kind in the world.

Rail Lines in the PhilippinesMRT Line 3/ Blue LineA 16.8 km Elevated railway system that traverses most of EDSA.Designed to decongest traffic in EDSA.A linkage with the existing yellow line at Edsa Taft was constructed providing the first link between 2 rail lines.

Philippine Motor Coach IndustryThere are 2 main players in the Motor Coach Industry.Philippine Rabbit and;Victory LinerAnd 41 other bus companies that traverse both city and provincial destinations.

The Cruising industryPassenger Transportation

Sea Transportation and CruisingSea Transportation:Watercraft carrying people or goods. Sea transport has been the largest carrier of freight throughout recorded history.Can be over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers. May be forcommerce, recreation or the Military. Virtually any material that can be moved, can be moved by water

Sea Transportation and CruisingCruiseVacation trip by ship. Travelling by water for purely recreational purposes. This is a leisure vacation experience with the ships staff doing all the work.

Sea Transportation and CruisingHistory of CruisingAncient TimesShips sailed for practical reasons across the Mediterranean. However, there were a few who came on board in order to experience the far flung ports visited by these ships. Herodotus was one of those people. He compiled the list of interesting things he saw on his travels.

Sea Transportation and CruisingHistory of Cruising500ADLeisure travel disappeared. Sea travel was mostly for exploration, trade and to conquer new lands.The 1800sShipping companies rediscovered that they could increase their profits by booking passengers.Shipping companies began building vessels (steamships as they were called before) to transport people.

Sea Transportation and CruisingHistory of CruisingThe 1900s:Ocean liners were among the most astonishing creations to appear during this period. The purpose of this was to carry immigrants and not the wealthy. There was two or three classes of service.

Sea Transportation and CruisingHistory of Cursing The First World War:Most ocean crossing vessels were converted into troop transport.During the 1920s and 1930s ocean liners began to provide more entertainment and tried to attract more of the middle class.Being seen inside ocean liners was the in thing.

Sea Transportation and CruisingHistory of CursingThe birth of contemporary cruisingDuring the 1900s a few smaller steamship lines created a product that is close to what we now call a cruise. During winter, these lines would switch routes from the transatlantic route to routes going to warmer places. 1958 marked the emergence of commercial jet service across the Atlantic ocean.

Sea Transportation and CruisingHistory of CursingDevelopment of modern cruisingThe smaller ships cruising the Caribbean became the model of nearly every company that pursued this product. Ships became floating resorts offering pleasurable activities.During the 1970s cruising became a major phenomenon. Cruise companies were building ships designed primarily for cruising.The 1980s and 1990s saw the emergence of megaships.

Sea Transportation and CruisingCruising today:Cruises today have itineraries that range from a three-day, four-day (short itineraries)The more popular ones are the five- to twelve- day cruises. The seven-day cruise is the most common.A ships agenda can be a round trip or circle itinerary. The agenda can also be a one-way itinerary.

Sea Transportation and CruisingCruising Today:During the cruise, the passengers experience a plethora of different activities. The activities usually take place on at-sea days.When the ship is on port days, passengers have the option to go ashore or say on the ship.

The Passengers and Motivation for Cruising

The Passengers and Motivation for CruisingWho Cruises?All age groupsThere are different cruises being offered for different demographics

The Passengers and Motivation for CruisingWhy do people cruise?A cruise is a hassle-free vacationA cruise takes you away from it allYour pampered like nowhere elseYou can do it all- or nothing at allYou can sample a broad geographic areaA cruise is something newCruises offere a huge variety of events, activities and meals

The Passengers and Motivation for CruisingWhy do people cruise?A cruise facilitates shoppingA cruise lend themselves to groupsIts easy to make friends on a cruiseCruises lend themselves to groupsCruise is a romantic experienceA cruise is a learning experienceTheres a cruise that can satisisfy virtually anyone

The Passengers and Motivation for CruisingWhy do people cruise?Its a great way to celebrate a special eventEverybodys talking about how wonderful cruises areCruises represent a safe travel experienceValue for moneyYou know what your paying for in advance.

The Passengers and Motivation for CruisingWhy do some people not go on cruises?Cruises are too expensiveCruises are boringCruises are too stuffy and formalCruises are for older peopleCruises are too regimentedThere is not enough time in portsShip environment is too confining

The Passengers and Motivation for CruisingWhy do some people not go on cruises?Being forced to socialize with peopleIll eat too much and put on weight.Ship safetyWorried about getting sickI dont know that much about cruises

The Passengers and Motivation for CruisingPricing Patterns for Cruises:The price of cruises is based on basis two or double occupancyThe higher the deck, the stateroom is on the higher the priceOutside staterooms (has windows) are more expensive than interior stateroomsLarger staterooms are usually more epxensiveOutside staterooms with obstructive that are obstructed are cheaper compared to those with unobstructed views

The Passengers and Motivation for CruisingPricing Patterns for Cruises:Booking six to nine months or more in advance usually yields savingsLast minute sales when a ship is not yet fully booked results in cheaper pricesRepositioned cruises are almost always cheaper

The Passengers and Motivation for CruisingSeasonality in CruisesSummer is high seasonSpring and Fall is shoulder seasonsWinter is low season.

The Anatomy of a Cruise Ship

Styles of ShipsThe Classic Ocean Liner:Epitomize the golden age of cruisingMost ships were built during the 1970sSleek, streamlined and built to cut their way through ocean waves

Styles of ShipsContemporary Cruise ShipThese are broader, boxier vessels built to accommodate uniformly sized staterooms and numerous activity venuesThese are usually called Megaships

*Megaships are ships that can accommodate 2,000 or more passengers and have 12 or more decks.

Style of Ships

Voyager of the seas

Styles of ShipsSmall ShipsAccommodates less than 200 passengers. Emphasis is on an up closed more intimate experienceThese ships look like miniature cruise ships or oversized yachts

Styles of ShipsMasted Sailing ShipsHave masts and sails and are partly or almost entirely powered by the windGeared towards people who want to experience ships rooted in other times.

Style of ShipsRiver BoatsAlso called the paddle wheelerModeled after great steamboats of the 19th century.These ships permit passengers to experience Americas great rivers in the style immortalized by the works of Mark Twain.

Style of Ships

Style of ShipsBargesA twelve-passenger sea craft FerriesMulti-Purpose ShipsCarry Cargo, Transport Passengers between two points and serve as cruise ships

Style of Ships

Barge

Ferry

Old Ships vs. New ShipOlder or Classic BoatsNewer or Modern ShipsUses wood, brass and other natural materialsSynthetic materials are used

Modest-sized public areasLarge Public AreasCan travel up to 30 knotsCan travel at 20-25 knotsHulls have deep drafts; therefore inaccessible and/or require tenderingHulls have shallow drafts; ports more accessibleMany Different sized staterooms; staterooms are relatively largeMore standardized stateroom size; some staterooms may be small

Sizing ShipsShips are sized in the following ways:Based on the number of stateroomsBased on the number of passengers it can accommodate. And;Based on the Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT)

Sizing ShipsNumber of PaxGRTVery SmallUnder 200 paxUnder 10,000 GRTSmall200-500 pax10,000-20,000 GRTMEdium500-1,200 pax20,000-50,000 GRTLarge1,200-2,000 pax50,000-70,000 GRTMegashipMore than 2,000 pax70,000 GRT or more

Sizing ShipsSpace Ratio The space or elbow room each person will haveComputed through: Gross Registerred Tonnage Number of Passengers The higher the Space Ratio, the higher the roominess of the ship.However, high space ratios are not critical to the enjoyment of a cruise experience.

Sizing ShipsLarge ShipsSmall ShipsCan offer many facilities, activities choices and optionsOffers more intimate atmosphereOften more dramatic lookingCan sail into smaller placesAble to serve a wider spectrum of guest typesPermit easier embarkation and debarkationCan accommodate easily groupsMakes it simple for the passengers to get familiar with the ship and the other passengers on boardStable in water

Ships FacilitiesThere are three types of Facilities:Stateroom spacePrivate SpacePublic Space

Ships FacilitiesStateroom SpaceThe cabinThe ships equivalent to the guest room in a hotel.Has three types:Outside Staterooms:Rooms that have windows.Ideal for clients who worry about feeling crampedInside Staterooms:Inside the ships interiorThey usually have no windowsThe least expensive room on the ship

Ships FacilitiesSuitesThe most expensive accommodation facilities on a shipSome vessels have only a few suite rooms but some boast entire decks for it.The suite consists of a sitting area and sleeping area which is usually divided by a curtainIdeal room for families

Ships Facilities

P & O Cruises Aurora Ship: Suite Stateroom

Ships Facilities

Royal Caribbean Stateroom

Ships FacilitiesPrivate SpaceThis includes the Bridge, the galley or kitchen and the mechanical areas. Mostly employees areas only.

Ships FacilitiesPublic AreasWhere the passengers/guests mingle

Public AreasPublic areas include the following:The reception AreaWhere the pursuers area is located. (similar to a front desk or information desk)The dining roomWhere guests eat meals. There can be several main dining rooms in a hotelAlternate Dining AreasMore informal dining settingsIncludes the Lido Deck (pool side), or al fresco (outside) dining.The Showroom Where entertainment events take place

Public Areas

Royal Caribbeans Mariner of the Seas Atrium/ Reception Area

Public Areas

Royal Caribbeans Liberty of the Seas: Dining Room

Public AreasThe pool areaShips usually have several swimming poolsThe heath clubAreas for exercise with gym equipmentSome ships also have their own spas that are part of the health clubsThe Childrens areaThe gift shopsMedical FacilitiesMovie TheatrePhoto Gallery

Public Areas

Royal Caribbeans Sovereign of the Seas: Showroom

Royal Caribbeans Explorer of the Seas: Solaris Pool