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Tsunami Disaster Countermeasures Based on the Lessons Learned from
the Great East Japan Earthquake
March 16, 2015
Masahiko IsobeVice President, Kochi University of Technology
President, Japan Society of Civil Engineers
Runup height of the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami was extraordinary higher than the recurrent tsunamis in the past century.
[from Joint Survey Group for Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami ( http://www.coastal.jp/ttjt/, April 30, 2011 version)]1
Tohoku (2011)Meiji (1896) Showa (1933)
comparable tsunami: Jogan (869)
3
Heavy damage was caused by the tsunami.
Taro Coast in Iwate Prefecture
Even though being overtopped, structural protection facilities effected to reduce damage in the city behind.
[ Expert Panel on Countermeasures for Earthquake and Tsunami based on Experience of Off Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami, Central Disaster Prevention Council ]
Kamaishi City
Breakwater
Runup height of tsunami was lower in the city behind the breakwater.
24.63m
8.38m
3
5
We apply “multiple protection” that combines resilient structural measures and region-wide non-structural measures to minimize loss of lives and assets from all possible hazards.
Tsunami height after 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake
Tsunami height after 1933 Sanriku earthquake
Tsunami height after 1960 Chile Earthquake
Tsunami height caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
Level 2 < Maximum Level Tsunami >- For establishing integrated disaster countermeasures
focused on the evacuation of residents
Level 1< Comparatively Frequent Tsunami>- For designing the heights of coastal levees (tsunamis
occurring once every several decades to once every one hundred years plus several decades )
While preventing inundation from Comparatively Frequent Tsunamis, we save lives and keep operational minimum required socioeconomic functions from Maximum Level Tsunamis.
6
Restored coastal levee
- Aim to prevent damage to human lives as much as possible against
a maximum level tsunami through “Multiple Protection” combining structural and non-structural measures such as land use regulations, the building code, and warning and evacuation procedures.
Fundamental strategy for tsunami disaster measures
- Reducing human and economic damage through disaster mitigation is fundamental for all levels of tsunami.
- Two levels of external forces are set.
- Aim to ensure the protection of human lives, assets and national
land (coastal line), etc. against a comparatively frequent tsunami (once every several decades to once every one hundred years plus several decades) by construction or improvement of the coastal protection facilities.
- Undertake the technical development and improvement of structures so that they are not easily broken even when the tsunami height exceeds the design level.
Comparatively frequent tsunami
Maximum level tsunami
7
8Coastal levee
Land raising ofresidential area
Tsunami Evacuationbuilding
Tsunami Evacuationtower
Evacuation routeEvacuation site(high ground)
Estimated tsunami inundation zone
Tsunami priotection structure(multiple use structure)
Zones to be protected
Zones to be protected
Tsunami protectionstructure
(inland lock gate)
Designated tsunamiadaptation structure(existing road)
Tsunami Disaster Security Zone Hazard map + Evacuation.
Tsunami Disaster Special Security ZoneRooms of hospitals etc. above the estimated tsunami water level
Tsunami Disaster Special Security Zone designated by municipalitiesRooms of residence above the estimated tsunami water level
Tsunami Evacuationbuilding
Tsunami Evacuationtower
Tsunami-resilient community (Multiple protection)
Sandy beach