TThehe ccontexontextt ofof ssubstubstanceance ususee inin … · 2011. 1. 21. · and life satisfaction ... Substance use (tobacco, alcohol and cannabis) ... RatesRates araree hihigheghesstt

Health Behaviour in SchoolHealth Behaviour in School--aged Children: WHO collaborative crossaged Children: WHO collaborative cross--national study www.hbsc.orgnational study www.hbsc.org

The context of substance use inThe context of substance use inIreland from a EuropeanIreland from a European

perspectiveperspective

(and some other interesting things …)(and some other interesting things …)

Dr Saoirse Nic GabhainnDr Saoirse Nic GabhainnDirectorDirector

Health Promotion Research Centre,Health Promotion Research Centre,

National University of Ireland, GalwayNational University of Ireland, Galway

First of all …..First of all …..

and all the school managements, teachers, SPHEand all the school managements, teachers, SPHEcoco--ordinators, parents and childrenordinators, parents and children



Broad aims of HBSCBroad aims of HBSC

HBSC aims to :

increase our understanding of young people's health and well-being,health behaviours and their social context

develop a multi-disciplinary international network of researchers asa source of expertise and intelligence on adolescent health forpublic health, health education and health promotion

inform and influence policy and practice at national and internationallevels


BackgroundBackground

HBSC has 43 member countries/regions in Europe andNorth America, a network of more than 300 researchers

A collaborative project between national research teamsin partnership with WHO European Office

Surveys conducted every 4 years using standardinternational questionnaire in all countries

Data collected in schools from 11, 13 and 15 year olds,but in Ireland from 3rd class – pre leaving certificate.



Survey instrumentSurvey instrument

Health and behaviour

Perceived health, well-beingand life satisfaction

Smoking, drinking & cannabisuse

Physical activity and sedentarybehaviour

Eating and dieting

Body image

Height and weight

Sexual behaviour

Bullying and fighting

Injuries

Social and developmentalcontext

Family structure andrelationships

School environment andrelationships

Peer relations and socialbehaviour

Socioeconomiccircumstances

Pubertal development

Local area


HBSC ‘Risk’ measuresHBSC ‘Risk’ measures

Risk taking = behaviour that has potential to harm physical,mental or social well-being in short or longer term

Substance use (tobacco, alcohol and cannabis)

Sexual behaviour (intercourse and contraceptive non-use)

Violence

High consumption of soft drinks, low fruit & vegetable diet

Dieting behaviour

TV watching (sedentary behaviour and exposure to advertising)

Medication use


Substance UseSubstance Use Weekly Smoking

Weekly Drinking

Drunkenness twice or more

Lifetime cannabis use (15 year olds only)

Last 30 days cannabis use (15 year olds only)

Other substance use variables include, age of initiation, othersubstances, other time frames, peer substance use

Gender, age, affluence and geographical patterns

Regional data from State of the Nation’s Children Reports (SONC)


Weekly tobacco useWeekly tobacco useAge 11 (15th)

Girls - Ireland 1% Range: from <0.05% - 4% in Greenland and Russia

Boys – Ireland 2% Range: from <0.5% -- 5% Ukraine and Russia

Age 13 (17th)

Girls – Ireland 6% Range: from 1% Israel - 22% Greenland

Boys – Ireland 6% Range: from 1% Norway & Sweden - 15% Russia

Age 15 (16th)

Girls – Ireland 20% Range: from 7% Israel - 48% Greenland

Boys – Ireland 19% Range: from 7% Canada & US - 37% Greenland

In half of countries at age 15, girls smoke more than boys, and low affluence is a riskfor girls in about half of countries

Smoking has been steadily decreasing in Ireland, as in most of western Europe

SONC (age 9-17) national 8.5% / west 9.1%


15 year olds students who report smoking15 year olds students who report smokingweeklyweekly

BOYS GIRLS

HBSC 2005/6HBSC 2005/6


Weekly Drinking AlcoholWeekly Drinking AlcoholAge 11 (33rd)

Girls - Ireland 1%: Range from 0% Norway, Iceland, Denmark & Finland - 20%Ukraine

Boys - Ireland 2%: Range from 1% Norway - 24% Ukraine

Age 13 (31st)

Girls - Ireland 4%: from 1% Norway - 25% Ukraine

Boys - Ireland 7%: from 2% Norway & Greenland - 38% Ukraine

Age 15 (29th)

Girls - Ireland 19%: from 7% Poland - 47% Ukraine

Boys - Ireland 19%: from 11% Norway & Greenland - 59% Ukraine

Weekly drinking is more common among boys, rises substantially between ages 13 and15 and is not consistently related to affluence. The UK countries stand out.

Weekly drinking has been quite stable in Ireland


15 year olds students who report drinking15 year olds students who report drinkingalcohol weeklyalcohol weekly

BOYS GIRLS

HBSC 2006HBSC 2006


DrunkennessDrunkenness -- twice or moretwice or moreAge 11 (31st)

Girls - Ireland 1%: Range from <0.5% - 6% Russian Federation

Boys - Ireland 2%: Range from 1% - 9% Bulgaria, Israel

Age 13 (22nd)

Girls - Ireland 7%: Range from 1% TFYR Macedonia - 26% Wales

Boys - Ireland 10%: Range from 3% Norway - 27% Wales

Age 15 (20th)

Girls - Ireland 31%: Range from 11% Israel - 56% Denmark

Boys - Ireland 36%: Range from 18% Malta - 59% Denmark

Drunkenness is more common among boys, rises substantially between ages 13 and 15and is not consistently related to affluence.

Drunkenness rates has been stable in Ireland

SONC (age 10-17) drunk in last 30 days 20.4% / west 19.3%


15 year olds students who report having been15 year olds students who report having beendrunk twice or more frequentlydrunk twice or more frequently

BOYS GIRLS

HBSC 2006HBSC 2006


Lifetime Cannabis UseLifetime Cannabis Use

Age 15 (12th)

Girls – Ireland 21%: Range from 2% Romania & Greece - 34% Canada

Boys – Ireland 26%: Range from 4% TFYR Macedonia - 36% Switzerland

Cannabis use is more common among boys, and is not consistently related to affluence.Rates are highest in Canada and the US - plus some northern/western Europeancountries

SONC (age 10-17) cannabis use lifetime 15.7%/13.5%


15 year olds students who report lifetime15 year olds students who report lifetimecannabis usecannabis use

BOYS GIRLS

HBSC 2006HBSC 2006


Last 30 days Cannabis UseLast 30 days Cannabis Use

Age 15 (12Age 15 (12thth))

GirlsGirls –– Ireland 7%Ireland 7%: Range from <0.5% Romania: Range from <0.5% Romania -- 15% Canada15% Canada

BoysBoys –– Ireland 11%Ireland 11%: Range from 1% Romania: Range from 1% Romania -- 17% Canada, Spain17% Canada, Spain

Cannabis use is more common among boys, and is not strongly related to affluence.Cannabis use is more common among boys, and is not strongly related to affluence.Rates are highest in Canada and the USRates are highest in Canada and the US -- plus Spainplus Spain


15 year olds students who report cannabis use in15 year olds students who report cannabis use inlast 30 dayslast 30 days

BOYS GIRLS

HBSC 2006HBSC 2006

Protective School FactorsProtective School Factors

At the school level Positive levels of integration, less truancy, fewer repeatees,

pupils who like school

Relationships with classmates Trust and fun (especially for girls)

Relationships with teachers Feel liked and included (especially boys)

School participation Autonomy, parental support for school

School satisfaction Liking school


Irish dataIrish data School belonging

I feel safe, belong, school is a nice place to be

Teacher relationships: I can get extra help, teachers are fair, encouraged to express

views, teachers interested in me

Peer relationships Students enjoy being together, are kind and helpful, accept me

as I am

From McGrath and Nic Gabhainn (2010)






Further informationFurther information

http://www.nuigalway.ie/hbschttp://www.nuigalway.ie/hbsc

Download international reports and articlesDownload international reports and articles

Download factsheetsDownload factsheets

Find out more about HBSCFind out more about HBSC

http://www.nuigalway.hprchttp://www.nuigalway.hprc

Find out more about the Health Promotion Research CentreFind out more about the Health Promotion Research Centre

Download articles and reports about a wide range of issuesDownload articles and reports about a wide range of issues

Documents

TThehe ccontexontextt ofof ssubstubstanceance ususee inin … · 2011. 1. 21. · and life satisfaction ... Substance use (tobacco, alcohol and cannabis) ... RatesRates araree hihigheghesstt