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about tube bending
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1Tube Bending SeminarTube Bending Seminar
April 2008April 2008
Viet My Trading Services Construction Co., Ltd
id2558984 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com
2Course ObjectivesCourse ObjectivesCourse Objectives Identify the components of the Swagelok hand tube
bender. Explain the purpose of
the three types of marks used in bend layout. the straight tube length mark. adjustment (gain), as well as describe how each method of bend
layout compensates for it.
minimum length of last leg, as well as describe one way this length can be used
Calculate the length of tubing used in an offset.
3Course ObjectivesCourse ObjectivesCourse Objectives Bend tubing into a shape as specified by a template using
the Pre-Measure method of bend layout. Identify five potential bend defects. Bending Exercise.
4Straight TubeLength Mark
Long Handle
Short Handle
Roll Support
Nameplate
Clevis
Bender DieRoll Die
Link
Tube LatchVise Clamp
Block
Hand Tube Bender ComponentsHand Tube Bender ComponentsHand Tube Bender Components
Grip
5Hand Tube Bender Models Hand Tube Bender Models Hand Tube Bender Models
MS-HTB-10M252410MS-HTB-12M313812
MS-HTB-4T13/169/16 1/4
MS-HTB-8M23248MS-HTB-6M 21156
Part NumberMinimum Length of Fitting (mm)
Bender Bend Radius (mm)
Tube OD (mm)Metric
MS-HTB-8 1 3/161 1/21/2MS-HTB-6T 15/1615/163/8 MS-HTB-5 7/815/165/16
MS-HTB-4 13/163/4 1/4
Part NumberMinimum Length of Fitting (in.)
Bender Bend Radius (in.)
Tube OD (in.)Fractional
6Tube Bending VariablesTube Bending VariablesTube Bending Variables The minimum length of tubing required from the
end of the tube to the beginning of the bend The adjustment (gain) of the tubing when a bend
is made Springback and tubing stretch Minimum length of tubing required from the last
bend to the end of the tube
7Tube Bending VariablesTube Bending VariablesTube Bending Variables Changes in direction Bend offsets Tubing material The limitation of the tubing as determined by the
manufacturer
8 When installing fittings near tube bends, you must leave a sufficient length of straight tube to allow it to be bottomed in the Swagelok tube fitting.
R
Bend Radius of Tube Bender
Minimum Length of Straight Tube
Tube OD
R
L
T
L
T
CL
Minimum Length of Straight TubeMinimum Length of Straight TubeMinimum Length of Straight Tube
9The Straight Tube Length MarkThe Straight Tube Length MarkThe Straight Tube Length Mark The straight tube length mark indicates the
minimum length of tubing required from the end of the tube to the beginning of the bend.
L
Straight Tube Length Mark
10
Pre-Measure Method of Bend LayoutPrePre--Measure Method of Bend LayoutMeasure Method of Bend Layout Adjustment (Gain) Calculations
Radius of the Tube Bender
Degree of Bend
045
90
135
180
M S
11
Adjustment (Gain)Adjustment (Gain)Adjustment (Gain)
Vertex (P1)
P22 in.
2 in.
Adjustment (Gain)
Vertex (P1) P2
2 in.
2 in.
12
CL
Adjustment (Gain)Adjustment (Gain)Adjustment (Gain) The larger the bend angle, the larger the
amount of adjustment (gain).
Vertex
2 in.
Reference Mark
Gain
2 in.
Radius
13
1/40.24903/160.20855/320.16801/80.1375
3/320.10703/320.08651/160.06601/160.05551/320.03501/320.0245
negligible0.0130FractionDecimal
Adjustment (Gain)Bend Angle9/16 in. Bend RadiusDecimal Equivalent = 0.56 in.
Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Adjustment (Gain) Charts Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Fractional
14
5/160.32901/40.2685
7/320.21805/320.17751/80.1370
3/320.10653/320.08601/160.06551/320.04501/320.0345
negligible0.0130FractionDecimal
Adjustment (Gain)Bend Angle3/4 in. Bend Radius Decimal Equivalent =0.75 in.
Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Adjustment (Gain) Charts Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Fractional
15
13/320.409011/320.33859/320.27807/320.21755/320.17701/80.1365
3/320.10603/320.08551/160.06501/320.0445
negligible0.0130FractionDecimal
Adjustment (Gain)Bend Angle15/16 in. Bend RadiusDecimal Equivalent = 0.94 in.
Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Adjustment (Gain) Charts Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Fractional
16
5/80.649017/320.528513/320.428011/320.34759/320.27707/320.21655/320.16601/80.1255
3/320.09501/160.06451/320.0230
FractionDecimalAdjustment (Gain)Bend Angle
1 1/2 in. Bend RadiusDecimal Equivalent = 1.50 in.
Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Adjustment (Gain) Charts Adjustment (Gain) Charts Fractional Fractional
17
Compensating for SpringbackCompensating for SpringbackCompensating for Springback
18
Minimum Length of Last LegMinimum Length of Last LegMinimum Length of Last Leg
Correct Incorrect
19
Minimum Length of Last Leg FractionalMinimum Length of Last Leg Minimum Length of Last Leg FractionalFractional
32 1/1621 11/161 1/2902 7/821 7/81 5/81 1/2852 3/41 15/161 13/161 9/161 7/16802 5/81 7/81 3/41 1/21 3/8752 9/161 13/161 11/161 7/161 3/8702 7/161 3/41 5/81 7/161 5/16652 3/81 11/161 9/161 3/81 5/16602 1/41 5/81 1/21 5/161 1/4552 3/161 9/161 7/161 5/161 3/16502 1/161 1/21 7/161 1/41 3/16451 7/81 3/81 5/161 1/81 1/830
1 1/2 (in.)15/16 (in.)15/16 (in.)3/4 (in.)9/16 (in.)Bend Radius
1/2 (in.)3/8 (in.)5/16 (in.)1/4 (in.)1/4 (in.)Tube OD
Bend Angle
20
75555139907252493885695147378066494536756447443570614642346559444133605743393255554138315053403730454737332830
38 (mm)24 (mm)24 (mm)15 (mm)Bend Radius12 (mm)10 (mm)8 (mm)6 (mm)Tube OD
Minimum Length of Last Leg Metric Minimum Length of Last Leg Minimum Length of Last Leg Metric Metric
Bend Angle
21
Changes in Direction and PlaneChanges in Direction and PlaneChanges in Direction and Plane
Directional Mark
Outside Surface of the Bend
22
Offset BendsOffset BendsOffset BendsL = Length of tubing used in the offset (Travel)O = Offset Dimension (Set)E = Offset Angle
2.61322 1/2
1.154601.414452.00030
Offset Bend Allowance
(Cosecant)Offset Angle
(E)
LE
O
LC
LC
23
Operator VariablesOperator VariablesOperator Variables The degree of precision achieved using the
Swagelok hand bender depends, to a large extend, on a persons ability to: accurately make required measurements, calculations,
and measurement marks. consistently make bends to the angles required by the
application inspect the quality of the bend provide adequate care for the bender
As with anything, proficiency is achieved through practice.
24
Marks Used in Bend LayoutMarks Used in Bend LayoutMarks Used in Bend Layout
0 on Roll Support
0 on Bender Die Measurement MarkReference Mark
25
Marks Used in Bend LayoutMarks Used in Bend LayoutMarks Used in Bend Layout Directional Mark
Directional Mark
Outside Surface of the Bend
26
Vertex
Distance from end of tube to the Vertex Distance from Vertex to Vertex
Vertex
Vertex
Bend DimensioningBend DimensioningBend Dimensioning
27
How to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube Bender
Loading the BenderShort Handle
Tube LatchBender Die
28
How to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube Bender Loading the Bender
Reference Mark
Tube Latch
Short Handle
29
Correct
(Viewed from Back of Bender)
Incorrect
(Viewed from Back of Bender)
How to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube BenderHow to Use the Hand Tube Bender
30
Aligning the Tubing Aligning the Tubing Aligning the Tubing There are several marks used for alignment with
the measurement mark. 0
45
R
L
0 on Roll Support
0 on Bender Die
31
Aligning the TubingAligning the TubingAligning the Tubing Some angles are not on the bender faceplate.
32
Aligning the TubingAligning the TubingAligning the Tubing Keep the tubing in the intended plane.
33
SpringbackSpringbackSpringback Remember that the material
will demonstrate Springback, which will affect the degree of the bend.
34
Making Bends 90 or LessMaking Bends 90 or LessMaking Bends 90 or Less Push the short handle down
until the 0 on the roll support reaches the desired degree mark on the nameplate.
Short Handle
35
Making Bends 90 or LessMaking Bends 90 or LessMaking Bends 90 or Less Swing the short handle
up and away from the bender die.
Unlatch the tubing and carefully remove it from the bender groove.
Short Handle
36
Making Bends Greater than 90 Making Bends Greater than 90 Making Bends Greater than 90
Push the short handle down until the 0 on the roll support reaches the desired degree mark on the nameplate.
37
Making Bends Greater than 90 Making Bends Greater than 90 Making Bends Greater than 90 When the roll support reaches
approximately 90, loosen the short handle from the clevis (four turns).
Short Handle
Clevis
38
Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90 Swing the short handle up
until it is slightly above theperpendicular position in relation to the long handle and then retighten.
Short Handle
Long Handle
39
Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90 Continue the bend until
the 0 on the roll support reaches the desired degree mark on the bender die.
40
Practical Demo 1Making 90 bend
Practical Demo Practical Demo 11Making Making 90 bend90 bend
3 in.
P22 in.
Reference Mark
Reference Mark
Measurement Mark
P1
X
Y
P2
41
Practical Demo 2Making Bends Greater than 90Practical Demo Practical Demo 22
Making Bends Greater than 90Making Bends Greater than 90
75mm
180
100 mm
P1
P2
42
Bend LayoutBend LayoutBend Layout 180 bends The first measurement is the distance from the
reference mark on the tubing to P1, the vertex of the bend.
Place a measurement mark 75 mm from the reference mark.
Reference Mark
X
75 mm
P1
43
Bend LayoutBend LayoutBend Layout 180 bends The second measurement is the distance from P1 to the
desired end of the tubing (P2), minus the adjustment (gain) of the bend, plus the diameter of the bender.
Reference Mark
X
P1
117 mm
75 mm
P2
Adjustment (Gain) = 15 mm 0,86 = 12,9
Diameter of bender = 15 mm 2 = 30
Measurement from P1 to P2 =
100 mm 13 mm + 30 mm = 117 mm
44
Bend LayoutBend LayoutBend Layout 180 bends The total length of tubing needed for this example =
75 mm + 117 mm = 192 mm Cut the tubing to 192 mm. 192 mm
P1
117 mm
75 mm
Reference Mark
P2
45
Solutions
Causes
Defect
Align bender die and bend shoe.Reduce latch pressure.
Correct bender size.
Replace or repair bender.Clean bender.Replace damaged roller.
Correct bender size.
Correct bender size.
Make sure link is vertical.
Correct bender size.
Increase wall thickness.
Improper alignmentExcessive pressure on the tube latch
Undersized benderDamaged bender dieDirt or foreign matter in bender dieFrozen roller
Oversized bender
Undersized benderPositioning link in incorrect vertical alignment
Undersized benderThin wall thickness
Excessive DeformationScoredKinkedFlattenedWrinkled
Characteristics of Defective BendsCharacteristics of Defective BendsCharacteristics of Defective Bends
46
Bending ExerciseBending ExerciseBending ExerciseOffset
30 Deg 2.000 X Offset45 Deg 1.414 X Offset60 Deg 1.154 X Offset
90 Deg Adjustment 0.25 = 60 Deg Adjustment 0.065 = 1/1645 Deg Adjustment 0.03125 = 1/32
2
47
Bending ExerciseBending ExerciseBending Exercise P1 = 2.25 P2 = 2.25 + (2.25 0.25) = 4 P3 = 4.25 + (1.414 X 2.125) = 7 P4 = 7.2547 + (2.0625 0.03125) = 9 P5 = 9.2859 + (2.25 0.25) =11 P6 = 11.2859 + (1.25 0.25) = 12 P7 = 12.2859 + (2.25 0.25) = 14
Offset30 Deg 2.000 X Offset45 Deg 1.414 X Offset60 Deg 1.154 X Offset
90 Deg Adjustment 0.25 = 60 Deg Adjustment 0.065 = 1/1690 Deg Adjustment 0.03125 = 1/32
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